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Uma Raikhola and Pawan Singh Raikhola. "Market Analysis of ITC products in rural areas with special reference to Nainital District." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 18, no. 2 (2023): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.18.2.0739.
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ITC was established on August 24, 1910, as the Imperial Tobacco Company of India Ltd. in Kolkata, and its name changed to I.T.C. Ltd. in 1974. Finally, it changed its name to ITC Ltd. in 2001. ITC has a diversified presence in tobacco, foods and confectionery, apparel, packaging, and hotel business. They entered the food business in 2001 and launched the Kol brand under the Ready to Eat segment. They expanded with brand launches in the confectionary, staples, and snack food segments. The study was conducted in the Bhimtal, Betalghat, and Ramgarh blocks of Nainital district. The study is totally based on the primary data. The study found that there is a huge market and that there is scope for improvement. The organization has the capacity to give good business to ITC FMCG products, and more sales could be achieved if the services given by distributors are improved, more awareness of the products is made amongst the consumers through the advertisements, and if the company comes with new advancements in some of their products where they are lacking.
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Uma, Raikhola, and Singh Raikhola Pawan. "Market Analysis of ITC products in rural areas with special reference to Nainital District." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 18, no. 2 (2023): 465–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8404792.
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ITC was established on August 24, 1910, as the Imperial Tobacco Company of India Ltd. in Kolkata, and its name changed to I.T.C. Ltd. in 1974. Finally, it changed its name to ITC Ltd. in 2001. ITC has a diversified presence in tobacco, foods and confectionery, apparel, packaging, and hotel business. They entered the food business in 2001 and launched the Kol brand under the Ready to Eat segment. They expanded with brand launches in the confectionary, staples, and snack food segments. The study was conducted in the Bhimtal, Betalghat, and Ramgarh blocks of Nainital district. The study is totally based on the primary data. The study found that there is a huge market and that there is scope for improvement. The organization has the capacity to give good business to ITC FMCG products, and more sales could be achieved if the services given by distributors are improved, more awareness of the products is made amongst the consumers through the advertisements, and if the company comes with new advancements in some of their products where they are lacking.
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Saravanan K., Mr, and Dr Jeya Rani R. "A Study on Supply Chain and Customer-Centric Operations in ITC LTD." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 04 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem44462.
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The concept of Supply Chain Management (SCM) has evolved from a basic logistical function into a strategic business component that encompasses procurement, production, distribution, and customer satisfaction. In today’s competitive environment, supply chain efficiency is critical for ensuring timely product availability, cost optimization, and improved customer experience. ITC Ltd, one of India’s largest conglomerates operating across FMCG, agribusiness, packaging, and hospitality sectors, relies on a highly integrated and resilient supply chain involving farmers, suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers. The company has invested in digital transformation, automation, and sustainability to enhance operational effectiveness and build consumer trust. A well-functioning supply chain is vital for ITC to manage demand fluctuations, ensure consistent product supply, maintain competitive pricing, and strengthen its market position. ITC’s strong backward integration, use of advanced technology, and commitment to sustainability give it a strategic advantage, enabling the company to meet customer expectations efficiently while minimizing disruptions and enhancing its brand reputation. Keywords: Supply Chain Management (SCM), Logistics, Procurement, Production, Distribution, Customer Satisfaction, Supply Chain Efficiency, Cost Optimization, Product Availability, ITC Ltd, FMCG, Agribusiness, Packaging, Hospitality, Digital Transformation
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Kashyap, Ankita. "Business Responsibility Reports- A Case Study of ITC Ltd." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 6, no. 2 (2017): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v6.n2.p15.
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<div><p><em>The paper focuses on the various National/ international guidelines that exist globally on Corporate Social Responsible Behaviour. These guidelines include National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Economic and Environmental Responsibility (NVGs), ISO 26000, GRI G3.1 Sustainability Guidelines, AccountAbility’s AA 1000 Standards and UN Global Compact. The author has tried to compare the above mentioned guidelines in order to find out the additional elements that should be included in Business Responsibility Reports to make disclosures and reporting on CSR more comprehensive.</em></p><p><em>The Business Responsibility Report of ITC Ltd. is studied and analyzed to find out the missing elements in its disclosures. The study specifically analyses the disclosures made by the company with respect to Principle 2, 4 and 9 of National Voluntary Guidelines. I have tried to analyse the disclosure made by the company on the basis of these five parameters 1) Disaggregated information 2) Sustainability quantification 3) Stakeholder engagement 4) customer engagement and 5) Consumer satisfaction.</em></p><p><em>This paper tries to find out the quality of disclosures made by ITC Ltd. in its BRR with respect to social, economic and environmental responsibilities. The main aim of the paper is to analyze the effect of social responsibility practices on different stakeholders. Does the BRR submitted by the companies as part of their Annual Reports really lead to value creation for the stakeholders? Or the reports try to create only a façade of their social responsibility practices to deceive the stakeholders? We try to lift this veil behind their reporting practices to find out their actual social behavior.</em></p></div>
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Simran Bhupender Singh, Sikh. "A Comparative Study on Cash Flow Statements of ITC Ltd and HUL." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 10, no. 9 (2021): 515–19. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr21909174017.
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Lakshman, C. "Corporate social responsibility through knowledge leadership in India: ITC Ltd and Y.C. Deveshwar." Asian Business & Management 8, no. 2 (2009): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/abm.2009.5.
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Dalwadi, Pragnesh, and Gurudutta Japee. "INDIA'S TOP TEN CSR CONTRIBUTING COMPANIES AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY." International Journal of Management, Public Policy and Research 2, no. 1 (2023): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55829/ijmpr.v2i1.126.
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This research paper explores the top ten CSR-contributing companies in India and their contributions toward environmental sustainability. The study analyzes the CSR spending patterns of these companies and the percentage of their CSR funds directed toward environmental sustainability. The results indicate a significant variation in CSR spending and contribution towards environmental sustainability among the top ten companies. Companies like Wipro Ltd, ITC Ltd, and Infosys Ltd have directed a considerable percentage of their CSR funds toward environmental sustainability. On the other hand, companies like Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, Tata Sons Private Ltd, and Indian Oil Corporation Ltd did not contribute to environmental sustainability, despite significant CSR spending. The findings suggest that there is a need for companies to prioritize environmental sustainability in their CSR activities, given the current environmental challenges faced by the country. The study recommends that companies should adopt sustainable practices and invests more in environmentally sustainable CSR initiatives to achieve a balance between economic development and environmental conservation.
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Suguna, T. "Physico-chemical Characteristics of Effluents of M/s ITC Ltd. PSPD, Sarapaka, Bhadrachalam, Telangana." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (2020): 906–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.910.108.
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Arti and L. N. Koli Prof. "Impact of COVID-19 on Financial Performance of Selected NSE-listed FMCG Companies." Journal of Research & Development 15, no. 1 (2023): 146–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7634399.
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COVID-19 had a significant impact on the country's economy as well as the rest of the world. Most sectors were negatively impacted, but in some cases, the pandemic provided growth opportunities. The primary goals of this study are to calculate and analyze the selected ratios of selected FMCG companies, as well as to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial performance of selected companies before and during COVID-19. Six FMCG companies listed on the National Stock Exchange have been chosen to help achieve these goals. This research is conducted from 2019 to 2022. The Normality Test, Kolmogorov-Smirnova, Shapiro-Wilk, and paired sample t-Test were used to analyze the selected ratios. According to the findings of this study, the financial performance of Hindustan Unilever Ltd., ITC Ltd., and Dabur India Ltd. was negatively impacted. However, when the selected ratios of Britannia Industries Ltd., Colgate-Palmolive (India) Ltd., and Emami Ltd. were examined, these companies performed well during COVID-19.
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Jain, Cherish. "A Comparative Analysis of ITC Ltd. Bingo Snacks v/s Frito - Lays & Analysis of Retailer Buying Behavior." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 7 (2024): 1562–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24719152029.
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Mukherjee, Debangshu. "Analysis of financial performance parameters of five FMCG companies by MCDM techniques." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 04, no. 05 (2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.55041/isjem03303.
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Abstract: Social economic development was highly devastated due the pandemic situation of COVID 19. The bigger organizations are facing financial crisis that leads to financial distress. Many companies are suffering from financial losses due to lack of proper decision making which leads to unachievable organizational goal. Financial performance evaluation is crucial for decision- making in corporate finance, investment analysis, and risk assessment. Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques help evaluate financial performance by considering multiple conflicting criteria. According to the past records no studies had been done to measure the financial performance based on Profitability ratio, Liquidity & solvency ratio management efficiency ratios and profit & Loss account ratios. Therefore, this paper aims at using Multi criteria decision making techniques mainly focussing on TOPSIS model in portfolio investment for analysing financial performance of five market leaders like ITC Ltd. Dabur, Godrej Ltd, Hindustan lever ltd and Colgate Palmolive. The companies with good financial performance were chosen for the study. This paper is significant since it will help to evaluate the financial performance of the well-known market leaders and rank their performance with the proposed model. Key words: Multi criteria decision making, Liquidity Ratio, Solvency Ratio.
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KEERTHI, GUTHA, and Dr P. V. NARASAIAH. "IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON PROFITABILITY – A SPECIAL FOCUS ON NIFTY FMCG INDEXED COMPANIES." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 04, no. 04 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/isjem02624.
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FMCG sector in India is an exciting and significant contributor to the economy, characterized by intense competition, rapid turnover, and low margins. Working capital management (WCM) is managing liquidity, controlling costs, and improving efficiencies, with direct implications on the profitability of FMCG companies. The rationale of the study is to assess the effects of WCM on profitability within prominent Nifty-indexed FMCG companies, including Hindustan Unilever Ltd. (HUL), Godrej Consumer Products Ltd. (GCPL), Tata Consumer Products Ltd. (TCPL), Britannia Industries Ltd. (BIL), and ITC Ltd. (ITCL). The study seeks to examine the impact of WCM on profitability using Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO), Days Sales Outstanding (DSO), Days Payables Outstanding (DPO), and Operating Cash Flow Margin (OCF) margin, with Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT) as the primary measure of profitability and Earnings Before interest and Tax (EBIT) margin as a control variable to account for operational performance. The application of ANOVA in the study helps to compare the operational efficiency, WCM, and profitability among selected firms, and regression analysis was used to examine the effect of WCM on profitability. The outcomes brought to the light the substantial differences in WCM among companies and had varied implications for profitability. The outcomes point to the critical role of maintaining adequate working capital to optimize financial performance so as to make a vibrant and dynamic FMCG industry. Keywords: Working Capital Management, Profitability, FMCG, Nifty FMCG Index.
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Rajib, Prabina. "Indian agricultural commodity derivatives market – In conversation with S Sivakumar, Divisional Chief Executive, Agri Business Division, ITC Ltd." IIMB Management Review 27, no. 2 (2015): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2015.02.002.
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Rajib, Prabina. "Indian agricultural commodity derivatives market: in conversation with S Sivakumar, divisional chief executive, agri business division, Itc Ltd." IIMB Management Review 27, no. 2 (2015): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2015.04.006.
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Durga, U. "Predicting Bankruptcy of India Company Ltd By Applying Altman Z-Score Model A Comprehensive Study in Bangalore City." Journal of Research & Development 17, no. 2 (2025): 74–76. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15064197.
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<strong><em>Abstract:</em></strong> <em>Bankruptcy is a situation where the liabilities exceed the assets in the company, generally it happens due to under capitalization, not maintain sufficient cash, sources are not utilized properly, in efficient management, sales decline and market situation etc. The companies with unstable financial condition will face bankruptcy. The main objective of the study has attempted to analyses the risk of bankruptcy with the help of financial tool i.e., Altman Z-Score Model. The study is based on secondary data collected from the annual reports published by the company. Data collected for a period of five years between 2018-19 to 2022-23.</em>
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Critchlow, Simone, Miranda Cooper, Ilse van Oostrum, Verna L. Welch, and T. Alexander Russell-Smith. "Estimating the Relative Treatment Effect and Corresponding Cost-Effectiveness Estimates of Inotuzumab Ozogamicin Vs. Blinatumomab for Adults with Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative (Ph-) Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (B-ALL) in the United Kingdom (UK)." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 3427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-123454.
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Introduction: Inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO), is a novel anti-CD22 antibody-calicheamicin conjugate approved in R/R B-ALL due to its high hematologic remission rate (81%) based on the phase 3 INO-VATE trial comparing to investigators choice (IC). The TOWER trial demonstrated the efficacy and safety of blinatumomab (Blina) for treatment of Ph- B-ALL versus IC. The relative effectiveness of InO versus Blina was investigated by applying indirect treatment comparison (ITC) methods. A UK-based cost-effectiveness model (CEM) submitted to the Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) explored the impact of treatment differences with regard to mean life years (LY) gained and quality-adjusted life years (QALY). Methods: As R/R ALL is a terminal disease if left untreated, achievement of complete response/complete response with incomplete count recovery (CR/CRi) in conjunction with stem cell transplant (SCT) is essential for long-term survival. The three most important outcomes related to treatment are thus the level of response determined by CR/CRi, the rate of SCT, and overall survival (OS). Without potentially curative therapy such as SCT, there is no evidence to suggest long-term survival is possible. Therefore, to compare InO to Blina, comparisons of these outcomes were explored using patient-level data from the INO-VATE ALL trial and aggregate data from the TOWER trial. The CEM structure contained four health states categorising patients based on 'No CR/CRi & no SCT', 'CR/CRi and no SCT' and patients receiving SCT ('SCT/Post SCT') - with progression-free survival (PFS) and OS modelled within these states. States were clinically validated as relevant to treatment of the disease. Death was the fourth health state. Different methods were incorporated to allocate Blina patients to the respective health-states. For levels of response (CR/CRi) and SCT a matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) and a Bucher ITC were explored. As CR/CRi and SCT rates are not mutually exclusive, a multinomial ITC was also conducted. Once allocated into respective health states, OS and PFS were modelled. Three ITC methods were used to compare OS; a simulated treatment comparison (STC), MAIC and a standard network meta-analysis. In the absence of PFS data for Blina, PFS was assumed to have the same relative treatment effect as OS. Quality of life data within the model for the 'No CR/CRi & no SCT' and 'CR/CRi and no SCT' were informed from InO trial data, while SCT quality of life was informed from the literature with time-varying utilities. Costs were incorporated from a UK perspective using 2017 sources and were those submitted to the SMC. Results were annually discounted at 3.5%. Results: Health state proportions for Ph- InO patients were used as the basis to estimate corresponding Blina proportions and show 49.3% of patients treated with InO reach SCT. With higher odds for CR/CRi and SCT for InO, the ITC results consistently indicate Blina leads to lower proportions of patients receiving SCT (19.1-22.5%) and CR/CRi (25.2-33.3%). ITCs comparing OS outcomes for InO versus blinatumomab show negligible differences between treatments, consistently across the three methods. All combinations of the various methods were explored using the list price for both treatments. The results of the CEM ranged from 0.91-1.14 incremental QALYs for InO versus Blina, while LYs ranged from 2.03-2.59 resulting from higher rates of SCT. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) ranged from £3,700 to £7,010 for InO versus Blina. Extensive scenario analysis indicates that InO is a cost-effective option compared to Blina at a willingness to pay threshold of £20,000 per QALY. The SMC recommended InO as a cost-effective use of resources citing an ICER of £6,754 in the CEM when using the MAIC; InO was associated with a mean survival gain of &gt;29 months over Blina corresponding to this ICER. Conclusions: Outcomes from the ITC indicate that InO provides patients with a greater probability of achieving CR/CRi and/or receiving a subsequent SCT versus Blina. As CR/CRi followed by SCT are essential for long-term survival and potential cure, the mean OS gain in the model cited in the SMC recommendation is intuitive as it aligns with the superior CR/CRi and SCT odds ratios associated with InO. Further research is required to determine the long-term PFS and OS following SCT in R/R B-ALL, beyond what can be reliably captured within clinical trials. Disclosures Critchlow: BresMed Health Solutions Ltd.: Consultancy. Cooper:BresMed Health Solutions Ltd.: Consultancy. van Oostrum:Ingress Health: Employment; Pfizer: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Consultancy. Welch:Pfizer Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Russell-Smith:Pfizer: Employment, Equity Ownership.
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Banerjee, Satabdee, and Debrupa Chakraborty. "Role of Eco-Efficiency in Evaluating Environmental Performance and in Accomplishing Sustainable Development Goals Case Study of ITC Ltd." Management Accountant Journal 55, no. 12 (2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33516/maj.v55i12.95-101p.
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Mehrotra, Sonia, Uday Salunkhe, and Ishani Chakraborty. "Patanjali: an Indian FMCG on growth path." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 7, no. 2 (2017): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-07-2016-0159.
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Subject area Strategy. Study level/applicability MBA. Case overview On 20 May 2016, the Management team at Patanjali Ayurved Limited (PAL), an Indian fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) company, had assembled in their Haridwar office, India, to discuss their future growth plans. The team was in a celebratory mood, as their internal reports suggested the annual revenue forecasts for the year 2016-2017 to be INR 10bn, an increase of 100 per cent as compared to the previous fiscal year 2015-2016 that recorded annual revenues of INR 5bn. PAL incorporated in 2006 and co-founded by Acharya Balkrishna operated in four business segments of foods, personal care, home care and Ayurved products. The products sold under the brand name Patanjali were single-handedly promoted by Swami Ramdev (hereafter referred as Ramdev), a popular Yoga practitioner and preacher amongst the Indian masses, as well as PAL’s co-founder. Ramdev recommended PAL’s products in his yoga sessions on television and yoga shibirs which had led to huge positive “word-of-mouth” publicity for their brand Patanjali. Their fast-paced growth in less than a decade had generated a disruption in the Indian FMCG sector, resulting in a negative impact on the sales of established multinational corporations (MNCs) such as Colgate-Palmolive, Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL), ITC Limited (ITC), besides the domestic players such as Dabur India Ltd. and Emami Ltd. This had led their FMCG competitors to launch plans to strengthen their product portfolios so as to provide a tough competition to PAL. The management team at PAL, though confident of achieving their annual revenue targets, were apprehensive of this new competition from the big players of the FMCG sector. Were they capable of continuing their success story? Going forward what strategic steps would ensure them a sustainable growth and a market leader position? The mood turned reflective as the team pondered on some of these questions. Expected learning outcomes The case is structured to enable discussion on: conducting and understanding a general environment analysis and industry and competitive analysis and critically evaluating the firm’s strategic positioning and scope in a competitive environment. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.
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Biswas, Sanjib, Gautam Bandyopadhyay, Dragan Pamucar, and Aparajita Sanyal. "A decision making framework for comparing sales and operational performance of firms in emerging market." International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems 26, no. 3 (2022): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/kes-221601.
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Sales and operations planning translates the requirements of the customers at the market place (related to new and/or existing products and services) into actionable tactical plans to drive the activities of the value chain of the organization. The present work aims to provide a multi-period and multi-perspective evaluation framework to compare the sales and operational performance (SOP) of firms in an emerging market. SOP is one of the frontline KPIs that describes the efficiency and effectiveness of the sales and operations planning. There is a scantiness in the extant literature about well-defined indicators to measure SOP. The current work fills the gap in the literature by developing a hybrid multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) framework utilizing the Logarithmic Percentage Change-driven Objective Weighting (LOPCOW) and Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) models for a novel application in assessing SOP. From the data analysis, it is also evident that there is a variations in the year wise ranking of the companies. However, all individual year wise rankings maintain statistically significant correlations with the aggregated ranking. For aggregation purpose, Borda Count Method is used. The companies like ITC Limited, Hindustan Unilever Ltd., Avanti Feeds Ltd., Britannia Industries Ltd., and Symphony Ltd. hold the top five positions on aggregate. The comparison with other MCDM models is made and sensitivity analysis is carried out. The present work is a first of its kind that would encourage the analysts and the policy makers to evaluate the sales and operational performance using a scientific way.
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Muhammad Faris Putratama and Minto Basuki. "Manajemen Risiko terhadap Nilai Klaim Asuransi Rangka Kapal Berdasarkan ITC (Institute Time Clause) Hull 1.10.83 Clause 280 (All Risks Comprehensive) Pada Kapal BG. TRG 06." Jupiter: Publikasi Ilmu Keteknikan Industri, Teknik Elektro dan Informatika 2, no. 5 (2024): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/jupiter.v2i5.543.
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This qualitative study aims to examine the implementation of risk management in hull insurance by collecting data through interviews with the risk management staff of Asuransi Mitra Pelindung Mustika Ltd. The findings revealed that this company has applied the risk management process, including risk identification, risk analysis, risk evaluation, risk control, risk transfer through other insurance policies, monitoring, and review. The company covers losses due to fire, explosion, violent theft, piracy, accidents involving installations, collisions with aircraft or similar objects, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, lightning strikes, accidents during loading or refuelling, boiler explosions, machinery shaft breakage, or latent defects in the machinery, hull, or frame of the insured vessel. Asuransi Mitra Pelindung Mustika Ltd. also compensates for losses due to the negligence of the captain, officers, or crew of the insured vessel, as well as the shipyard. Time to process the claim becomes a significant challenge in fulfilling the insured's rights in the claim for the BG. TRG 06 vessel because it takes up to 14 days to gather all the necessary documents. This company will cover all repair costs and labor expenses, with an estimated total value of IDR 7,611,100,000.00.
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Goel, Sonu, Rajesh Bharatiya, Rajeev Kumar, Shravan Kumar, Ravita Yadav, and Jatina Vij. "Review of Tobacco Industry Interference in Telangana State, India." Indian Journal of Community Health 37, no. 1 (2025): 27–31. https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2025.v37i01.006.
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Background: Tobacco industry interference (TII) remains a significant barrier to effective tobacco control policies. Telangana, one of India’s major tobacco-producing states, is particularly vulnerable to industry influence. Despite the adoption of Article 5.3 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), industry tactics continue to undermine public health efforts. Aims & Objectives: To document instances of TII in Telangana, analyze industry strategies, and provide evidence-based recommendations to mitigate their impact on tobacco control initiatives. Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted from 2019 to 2022, tracking TII incidents using a structured data collection tool. Information was gathered from newspapers, social media, government reports, and stakeholder interviews. Instances were categorized into six subtypes, including political influence, corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, and manipulation of public opinion. Results: A total of 13 TII incidents were recorded, with the highest prevalence in 2020. CSR activities accounted for 92.3% of cases, primarily involving ITC Ltd. No official action was taken against these activities, highlighting gaps in enforcement. Conclusion: This study underscores the urgent need for stricter implementation of Article 5.3, increased monitoring of TII, and policy reforms to safeguard public health from industry influence.
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Jansen van Rensburg, Enelia. "The Application and Interpretation by South African Courts of General Renvoi Clauses in South African Double Taxation Agreements." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 22 (November 20, 2019): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2019/v22i0a4402.
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General renvoi clauses in DTAs based on article 3(2) of the OECD MTC provide that an undefined term in a DTA shall have the meaning that it has in the domestic law of the contracting state applying the DTA unless the context otherwise requires. All South African DTAs include such a clause.
 Many interpretational issues remain with regard to the application and interpretation of general renvoi clauses. This article considers four of these issues in the light of South African cases in which general renvoi clauses were referred to. The following cases are considered: ITC 789 (1954) 19 SATC 434, Baldwins (South Africa) Ltd v Commissioner for Inland Revenue (1961) 24 SATC 270 and Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service v Tradehold Ltd 2012 3 All SA 15 (SCA).
 The first of the issues considered in the article is relevant in those cases where a DTA includes a general renvoi clause based on the pre-1995 version of article 3(2) and where amendments were made to a relevant domestic meaning after the conclusion of the particular DTA. These clauses do not expressly state whether the relevant domestic meaning is the domestic meaning existing at the time of the conclusion of the DTA, or at the time of the application of the DTA.
 The second issue arises if the expression used in the domestic law is not identical to the undefined treaty term. The question is whether the expression in the domestic law can be used to give meaning to the treaty term under the general renvoi clause.
 Another interpretational issue considered in the article concerns deeming provisions in the domestic law. The issue is whether a meaning that a term is deemed to have under a provision in domestic legislation can be used under the general renvoi clause to give meaning to the undefined term in the DTA.
 The last issue deals with the meaning of the phrase "unless the context otherwise requires". The question raised is whether this phrase means that the domestic meaning should be given only as a "last resort", or whether it should apply unless "reasonably strong" arguments to the contrary are made
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Sinha, Mitali, and Shakti Ranjan Panigrahy. "Unveiling the Urea Market of the American Continent." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 1 (2024): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i12302.
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Aims: Growing agricultural production and its subsequent demand for fertiliser is a critical element for any country in its export and import ecosystem. In between this, a lucrative market has always been tried to identify many of the agripreneurs in India.
 Study Design: The complete research design work was based on secondary data in which relevant data were gathered from ITC HS Code (310210, 310221, 310230), research bulletins, world bank reports and other relevant websites.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was taken as the mandatory summer training course programme of MBA (Agribusiness) which was guided and carry forward by International Agribusiness Management of Anand Agricultural University and XYZ Company Ltd of Ahmedabad jointly, at the workstation of the later institutes at Ahmedabad itself.
 Methodology: South America, North America and Central America are three corner stone of this research work where probable market identification, understanding its agricultural situation and ministry handling its registration process for export of nano urea were done through a conceptualised secondary data collection and analysis process. A total of 22 export market was identified in this study for probable nano urea market for India.
 Results: In South America, Uruguay takes the lead with 80.4 percent of its land designated as agriculture while Argentina tops the chart in arable land with 11.9 percent. North America, Mexico stands out with the largest share of agricultural land, comprising 50 percent of its total land area. Venezuela, Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina, impose a 6 percent import tariff, while Brazil (4.8%) opts for a slightly lower than the former. Interestingly, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Paraguay have imposed 0% import tariff, indicating a more open approach to urea imports.
 Conclusions: Twelve recommended countries include Peru, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Argentina, Suriname, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Canada, the USA, and Mexico for the export of Nano urea from India.
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MADAN, Pankaj, Vinay SHARMA, and Piyush SETH. "CAPABILITY’ DEVELOPMENT THROUGH ICT ENABLED BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF E-CHOUPAL." Journal of Business Economics and Management 17, no. 2 (2016): 314–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2012.747445.
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The purpose of this study is to check how ICT led business opportunity devel- opment model of ITC e-Choupal affected “Capability” development of the people in rural India. The survey of three different regions of India, included 319 e-Choupal beneficiaries and 10 ITC officials and elected representatives of villages. Statistical analysis revealed that Capability Enhancement of farmers depended on the extent to which farmers trusted and participated in ICT activities that varied based on their education level but specifically e-Choupal could generate only limited business opportunities for rural masses. However, the business opportunities definitely affected the capability enhancement parameters. The ICT enabled business models can be well used by corporates and governments of devel- oping economies in Asia and Africa for capability development of rural masses as these models provide new business opportunities for them. The field survey based framework showed how ICT based business opportunity development model of e-Choupal can affect the income, time and saving of farmers in developing economy.
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Lynch, Evan B., Neeraj Kapur, Tatiana Goretsky, et al. "INCREASED PI3K/AKT-INDUCED SURVIVIN DRIVES INTESTINAL CRYPT HEALING IN RESPONSE TO RADIATION INJURY VIA ENHANCED MITOCHONDRIAL-DERIVED ROS SIGNALING." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 31, Supplement_1 (2025): S47. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izae282.111.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Intestinal stem cell (ISC) homeostasis underlies signaling events that maintain the delicate balance of active self-renewal and passive differentiation. However, under certain contexts, ISC function is irreversibly compromised—requiring committed intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lineages to dedifferentiate and regain “stemness”. Here, we investigated the underlying signaling mechanisms involved in intestinal mucosal healing in response to radiation injury. METHODS The role of PI3K signaling in ISC reconstitution following radiation injury was interrogated using Villin-Cre pik3r1lox/lox (p85ΔIEC) mice and human enteroids (shp85α), deficient in epithelial expression of the regulatory subunit, p85α. Isolated IECs/tissues from p85ΔIEC mice and human enteroids were examined for proteins/ genes associated with ISC/progenitor cells (PC), paneth cell, mitochondrial complexes, glycolysis, Wnt and notch signaling, using western blot, RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization. The proliferation zone of IECs was assessed by BrdU incorporation in vivo. Mitochondrial function of IECs was evaluated by oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ROS production using seahorse and DCFH-DA assays, respectively. Lethal whole-body irradiation was performed to monitor PI3K-mediated time-course survival responses. Surgical resections from radiation proctitis were examined for survival and apoptotic markers using IHC, to assess IEC responses to radiation injury. RESULTS The IECs from p85ΔIEC mice showed increased protein levels of p-PTEN, p-AktSer473, survivin, cyclinD1 and ρ-β-cateninSer552 as well as increased mRNA for ISC/PC. In situ hybridization showed that enhanced PI3K signaling reduced Lgr5+ cells but expansion of Axin2+ cells. The shp85α enteroids showed increased transcripts of Wnt-targets and transcription factor Ascl2, needed for dedifferentiation-mediated restoration of ablated ISCs. The p85a-deficient enteroids also showed reduced Hes1 mRNA and increase in secretory (Atoh1/Math1) signaling determinants Gfi1 and Spdef, indicative of reduced NOTCH signaling. Seahorse analyses and p-p38 staining in p85ΔIEC mice suggesting that enhanced PI3K signaling led to increased IEC mitochondrial respiration and ROS generation. Surprisingly, we found that expression of the Wnt target, survivin correlated with radiation injury in patients. CONCLUSION The current data establish that PI3K signaling increases mitochondrial ROS generation and ISC activation that improves IEC recovery from radiation-induced injury. The results suggest that increasing mitochondrial respiration and/or PI3K signaling may be attractive avenues for improving mucosal healing from radiation injury in patients.
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Nasrazadani, Azadeh, Yujia Li, George Tseng, et al. "Mixed invasive ductal-lobular carcinoma: Clinicopathological characterization and clinical outcomes." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (2019): e12531-e12531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e12531.
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e12531 Background: Mixed Invasive Ductal-Lobular Carcinoma (IDC-L) is a histological subtype of invasive breast carcinoma comprised of both ductal and lobular morphologies. There is limited information on the relative proportions of the individual components in IDC-L and on outcomes compared to invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Methods: Clinical information was abstracted from 16,308 patients with invasive breast cancer seen at UPMC Magee Women’s Hospital from 1990-2017 using the UPMC Network Cancer Registry. A systematic chart review was performed on a subset of patients annotated with IDC-L (n=806); however, a thorough review of pathology reports led to the exclusion of all but 408 patients for further analysis, due to the lack of a standardized definition of IDC-L. Of the 408 cases, 92% were estrogen receptor (ER)+. Survival of patients with ER+ IDC-L (n=376) was compared to ER+ IDC (n=9,716) and ER+ ILC (1,465). For a subset of IDC-L cases (n=54), distributions of individual subtype components were abstracted from pathology reports. Results: IDC-L made up 2.5% of the total cases (408/16,308). IDC-L tumors were on average 31% ductal and 69% lobular (p =0.001). Survival analysis showed worse disease free survival (DFS) (p=0.05) and overall survival (OS) (p=0.002) in patients with ER+ ILC compared to ER+ IDC, with ER+ IDC-L patients showing a median OS superior to ILC yet inferior to IDC counterparts (ns). Conclusions: Identification of patients with IDC-L through cancer registry protocols representative of standard practices by national cancer registries revealed a lack of a standardized definition of mixed IDC-L. Reliance on accuracy of these diagnoses calls in to question the reliability of prior clinico-pathologic analyses reported on this topic. DFS and OS of IDC-L patients falls between that of IDC and ILC patients while ILC patients showed significantly worse outcome. The predominant distribution of lobular morphology in IDC-L tumors suggests this subtype may have additional characteristics similar to lobular rather than ductal carcinomas. Comprehensive clinical and molecular characterization of a carefully identified IDC-L cohort is underway.
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Fry, Jason. "HKL Group Ltd v. Rizq International Holdings Pte. Ltd. and HKL Group Co. Ltd. v. Rizq International Holdings Pte Ltd. ." Journal of International Arbitration 30, Issue 4 (2013): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2013029.
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Relying on the already controversial Insigma Technology Co. Ltd. v. Alstom Technology Ltd. decision, the High Court of Singapore has recently upheld a pathological arbitration clause on the condition that the parties to the dispute obtain the agreement of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) or any other arbitral institution in Singapore 'to conduct a hybrid arbitration applying the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) rules'. The court rendered its decision in HKL Group Ltd v. Rizq International Holdings Pte. Ltd. and upheld it in HKL Group Co. Ltd. v. Rizq International Holdings Pte. Ltd. This note examines the rationale for the court's decision and whether it was justified in the circumstances. The note also examines whether the court's reasoning has wider and perhaps undesirable implications for international arbitration in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Vainer, Gilad, Lingkang Huang, Kenneth Emancipator, and Shanthy Nuti. "Equivalence of laboratory-developed test and PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx across all combined positive score indications." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (2023): e0285764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285764.
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We conducted an analysis across multiple PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) indications to establish concordance of a 22C3 antibody–based laboratory-developed test (LDT) on the Ventana BenchMark XT or BenchMark ULTRA platform and the regulatory-approved PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx in cervical cancer (CC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and urothelial carcinoma (UC). Tumor specimens from each tumor type were stained with 22C3 antibody and scored using the 22C3 antibody–based LDT, and scores were compared with those using PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx. PD-L1 status was measured by the pathologist using CPS as a continuous score and using clinically relevant cutoffs (CC, ≥1 and ≥10; HNSCC, ≥1 and ≥20; ESCC, TNBC, and UC, ≥10). The agreement between the BenchMark platforms and PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and a contingency table for clinical interpretation. A total of 522 samples were evaluated for the pan-tumor analysis (CC, n = 77; ESCC, n = 80; HNSCC, n = 126; TNBC, n = 118, UC, n = 121). Most clinical interpretations of PD-L1 status were concordant between the BenchMark XT and PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx for all five tumor types with regard to negative percentage agreement (NPA; 83–97%), positive percentage agreement (PPA; 86–100%), and overall percentage agreement (OPA; 90–97%); the ICC by tumor type was high (≥0.88). Importantly, the pan-tumor ICC was 0.95 (95% CI 0.94–0.96). Thirty additional TNBC samples were evaluated using the BenchMark ULTRA and PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx; the NPA, PPA, and OPA were 100%. The 22C3 antibody–based LDT on Ventana BenchMark XT and BenchMark ULTRA platforms demonstrated high concordance with the regulatory-approved PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx across multiple tumor types. These findings suggest the comparability of PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx with an LDT based on the 22C3 antibody.
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Gonzalez, George C., and Qin Han. "Classy Styles Ltd., Inc.: shifting production overseas." CASE Journal 16, no. 3 (2020): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-03-2019-0027.
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Theoretical basis The main theoretical models used in the instructor manual analysis are SWOT and institution-based view. Founder’s syndrome is also used as a foundation for analysis and discussion. Research methodology Primary source data acquired by the authors through one of the author’s actual experience working in the family business that is the subject of the case. Case overview/synopsis Classy Styles Ltd., Inc. is a small wholesaler of women’s apparel. It outsources production and sells to small retail stores. Classy Styles has grown steadily during its short existence, but is not on track to reach the CEO and majority shareholder’s profitability goal. The COO has determined that the only realistic way to achieve the goal is to shift manufacturing from North America to Asia. The decision creates tension between profitability and the CEO’s desire for tight supervision and control of the outsourced production shops. Complexity academic level Introductory undergraduate courses in general management would be sufficient, while a basic strategy course and/or entrepreneurial business course would be of benefit.
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HOLMAN, CHRISTOPHER M. "Actelion Pharms. LTD v. Mylan Pharms. Inc." Biotechnology Law Report 43, no. 1 (2024): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/blr.2024.29332.cip.
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Pintos Lopez, Rodrigo, and Gavan Griffith. "Renegotiating Arbitrators’ Terms of Remuneration Sea Containers Ltd. v. ICT Pty. Ltd." Journal of International Arbitration 19, Issue 6 (2002): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/5102581.
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Barnett, Mark A. "America West Airlines, Inc. v. Gpa Group, Ltd." American Journal of International Law 84, no. 1 (1990): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203028.
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Torremans, Paul. "TuneIn Inc c. Warner Music UK Ltd et Sony Music Entertainment UK Ltd [2021] EWCA." Pin Code N° 10, no. 1 (2022): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pinc.010.0019.
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L’affaire Tuneln a donné aux tribunaux anglais non seulement l’opportunité d’appliquer le principe de la communication au public à un portail qui offre l’accès à des centaines de webradios, mais aussi l’opportunité de modifier ce principe en droit anglais après le Brexit.
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Vainer, Gilad, Ghadeer Zatara, Lingkang Huang, Shanthy Nuti, Shanthy Nuti, and Kenneth Emancipator. "7 Analytical comparison of a PD-L1 22C3 antibody laboratory-developed test protocol on the Benchmark XT and PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx: pan-tumor and triple-negative breast cancer samples." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, Suppl 2 (2021): A7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.007.
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BackgroundPD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx is an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for pembrolizumab across multiple tumor types designed for use on the Autostainer Link 48 (AL48). Many pathology laboratories do not have access to the AL48 and therefore do not use PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx but instead assess PD-L1 using laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) on the Ventana BenchMark platform. We compared our PD-L1 22C3 antibody-based LDT on the BenchMark XT platform with PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx using cervical cancer (CC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), urothelial carcinoma (UC), esophageal SCC (ESCC), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) samples.MethodsTumor specimens from patients with CC, HNSCC, UC, ESCC, and TNBC were stained with the 22C3 antibody, scored using the LDT on the BenchMark XT as previously described,1 and compared with PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx scored by a trained pathologist, who measured PD-L1 with the use of combined positive score (CPS) and standard cutoffs (HNSCC and CC, ≥1; UC, ESCC, and TNBC, ≥10). Agreement in PD-L1 CPS as determined using the LDT and the PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx was evaluated.Results423 samples with CC (n = 77), HNSCC (n = 126), UC (n = 121), ESCC (n = 80), and TNBC (n = 19) were evaluated in this study. The pan-tumor (CC, HNSCC, UC, and ESCC) intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of PD-L1 CPS as a continuous variable was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.94%–0.96%); Spearman correlations were 0.95. ICC (95% CI) was 0.92 (0.88–0.95) for CC, 0.97 (0.96–0.98) for HNSCC, 0.95 (0.92–0.97) for UC, and 0.92 (0.88–0.95) for ESCC; Spearman correlation was 0.93, 0.96, 0.92, and 0.89, respectively. The overall percentage agreement at the respective CPS cutoff was 96% (CC), 96% (HNSCC), 96% (UC), and 90% (ESCC). Staining patterns by 22C3 LDT and PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx were also very similar in our TNBC pilot study; however, correlation was not calculated because of the small sample numbers.ConclusionsThe PD-L1 22C3 antibody-based LDT on the BenchMark XT demonstrated high concordance with PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx. These findings suggest the comparability of PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx with an LDT based on the 22C3 antibody across several tumor types. Further validation for TNBC is ongoing to confirm the data from the pilot run.ReferenceNeuman T, et al. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11:1863–1868.
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ji, Dr Mamta. "OPERATING SEGMENTS REPORTING - A CASE STUDY OF RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD. AND ITC LTD." Kaav International Journal of Economics , Commerce & Business Management, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/23484969.2021.v8.iss4.kp.a16.
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Most businesses have extended their scope of operations in recent years to include new sectors, geographic locations, and markets. This widespread movement towards diversification has led to a need for information about the various segments of an enterprise in addition to the consolidated financial statements. The various industry segments may have different rates of profitability, degrees, types of risk, and opportunities for growth. The investors, therefore, can not successfully evaluate a diversified enterprise without information about its various segments. In this regard accounting bodies of various countries have issued Accounting Standards (AS) and segment reporting has been made mandatory. The International Accounting Standards Committee issued International Accounting Standard 14 (IAS14) in 1981 for Segment reporting. Similarly, The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) of the United States of America (USA) issued the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards -14 (SFAS14) in 1974 for the implementation of segment reporting. In India Accounting Standard 17 (AS17) was issued for segment reporting. Accounting standards issued by different bodies are revised from time to time for effective and better implementation of segment reporting. In India also Ind AS 108 -Operating Segments was issued in 2015. This paper is a case study of Reliance Industries Limited and ITC. It is an attempt to show how segment information is reported by the companies and how it is useful for the external users of the financial statements. The study covers the period from the financial year 2019-20 to 2020-21.
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Sharma, Prerna, Abha Kaneria, Ganesh Pandit Pathak, and Ritish Grover. "IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON PROFITABILITY IN FMCG COMPANIES: A CASE STUDY OF ITC LTD." ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 5, no. 6 (2024). https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i6.2024.3024.
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Working capital management has very importance for sustaining profit and operating efficiency of industries like fast-moving consumer goods as well as agribusiness. The challenge being faced by the major conglomerate in India, ITC Limited, is actually balancing the liquidity need with growth momentum across its diversified business segments like FMCG, agribusiness, hospitality, and paperboards. It discusses the relationship of ITC WCM practices with profitability and explains how ITC manages crucial working capital items such as inventory, receivables, and payables to give liquidity support and long-term growth.Using data from various liquidity and efficiency ratios, including Current Ratio, Acid test Ratio, Inventory Turnover Ratio, Receivables Turnover Ratio, Payables Turnover Ratio, Cash Ratio, and Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC), the study looked at the ITC's data. With information on the exact strategies pursued by ITC under WCM through supplementing data from ITC's financial reports with some custom calculations in Excel, the study explains the outcomes of such performance measures.The results also indicate that WCM practices under ITC are vital to the financial solidity of the firm and contribute significantly to its responsiveness to economic shocks. The Current Ratio and Quick Ratio of ITC are ever depicting a high liquidity of the firm, facilitating the company to service short-term obligations and reduce uncertainty in the marketplace. ITC's Inventory Turnover Ratio seems to portray intelligent management of stock. Digital transformation helps make responsive adjustments in inventory levels based on demand. Better inventory management practices can reduce holding costs, improve cash flow, and streamline supply chain operations for better profitability. In addition, the Receivables Turnover Ratio of ITC suggests that the company concentrates on faster collection cycles, which supports liquidity and therefore minimizes cash flow constraints. Making use of digital tools and defining credit management policies, ITC has been accelerating the collection cycle process, which enables it to reduce dependence on external funding avenues and provide agility in terms of a cash flow cycle. A Payables Turnover Ratio reflects the company's approach on cash outlays from a strategic and tactical point of view. ITC can manage timely payments to suppliers while looking for opportunities to extend periods of cash retention. The cash balance is hence strengthened without impacting supplier relations.The Cash Conversion Cycle, another imperative variable of this study, is an expression of the efficiency with which the working capital of ITC can be converted into cash. The CCC captures to what extent ITC's strategy of managing inventory, receivables, and payables is translated in taking cash cycle ahead in accelerated ways that reduce time lapse, thus making cash coming from core operations. Optimized cash flow at ITC then enables it to channel cash returns to profitable activities toward growth and innovation.In summary, the above research emphasizes how ITC's WCM strategies have constantly been a source of profitability by enhancing cash flows that facilitate healthy financial operations over long-term periods. Digital tool integration and adoption of the sustainable data-driven approach have helped ITC in gaining a competitive edge in its diversified business streams. This research highlights that agile WCM is important for resilience and profitability in the FMCG industry: such research clarifies value maximization through liquidity optimization from companies navigating market dynamics.
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Mr. K. Venkata Visweswara Rao, Dr. Chokkamreddy Prakash, and Dr. Ravi Sankar Kummeta. "Analysis of Risk and Return in Selected FMCG Stocks: A Comparative Study." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, August 10, 2024, 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-19339.
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This study investigates the risk and return of stocks from four selected FMCG companies over a two-year period. By utilizing secondary data from the BSE India website and employing descriptive statistics, the research identifies the risk and return profiles of Hindustan Unilever Ltd., ITC Ltd., Nestle India Ltd., and Dabur India Ltd. The findings reveal significant insights into the average returns and volatility of these stocks, aiding investors in making informed decisions. The study concludes with recommendations on the most suitable FMCG stocks for investment, highlighting those with the highest returns and lowest risk.
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Ms. Gaddam Akhila, Mr. R. Ramakrishna, and Dr. Chokkamreddy Prakash. "Analyzing Investor Behavior and Satisfaction in the Stock Market: A Study of Hyderabad's Financial Ecosystem." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, August 11, 2024, 286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-19340.
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This study investigates the risk and return of stocks from four selected FMCG companies over a two-year period. By utilizing secondary data from the BSE India website and employing descriptive statistics, the research identifies the risk and return profiles of Hindustan Unilever Ltd., ITC Ltd., Nestle India Ltd., and Dabur India Ltd. The findings reveal significant insights into the average returns and volatility of these stocks, aiding investors in making informed decisions. The study concludes with recommendations on the most suitable FMCG stocks for investment, highlighting those with the highest returns and lowest risk
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Das, Pradip Kumar. "Corporate Governance Practices in India: Evidence from INFOSYS Ltd." Asian Journal of Business and Management 8, no. 5 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.24203/ajbm.v8i5.6477.
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Corporate governance has been growing concern in view of acclaimed turpitude gripping molest of corporate power by governor. Superb governance ferments for the welfare of all involved by cinching that the undertaking upholds universal ideals, proven approach and ordnance. Infosys in ITC sector harmonizes with corporate governance in the Indian corporate domain. This paper basically concentrates on how corporate governance of Infosys, the selected company precipitates its sustainable headway. The study is descriptive in nature and mobilizes secondary data for the purpose. The results proffer that corporate governance is a device of self-appraisal for the company which eventually emanates its sustainable survivability. Keywords: Corporate governance, board, corporate, stakeholders
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"Agriculture and Information Technology – A Case Study of ITC Ltd.,- ILTD Division." international journal of food and nutritional sciences 11, special issue 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.48047/ijfans/v11/s1/100.
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Bishnoi, Jyoti. "Why Stock of HULl Ltd Has a Higher Option Rho than that of ITC Ltd During the Period from 9 March 2012 to 23 March 2012? (Theory)." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2029911.
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Bishnoi, Jyoti. "Why Stock of HUL Ltd Has a Higher Option Rho than that of ITC Ltd During the Period from 9 March 2012 to 23 March 2012? (Excel Calculation)." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2029934.
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Sawey, Ciara, Colleen Burgoyne, Angelina Winbush, et al. "357. High Rate of Adverse Events in Patients Receiving Oral Antimicrobials Under a COpAT Monitoring Protocol." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 10, Supplement_2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad500.428.
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Abstract Background Oral linezolid (LZD), trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (SXT), voriconazole (VRC), and itraconazole (ITC) are used often for prolonged durations and are associated with an array of adverse events (AEs). Establishing specific protocols for monitoring such courses of Complex Outpatient Antibiotic Therapy (COpAT) regimens as parenteral alternatives is a priority. Methods Patients receiving LZD, SXT, VRC, ITC between January 1st, 2019 and December 31st, 2022 with monitoring by our Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) program staff were identified for retrospective review of electronic health records. Weekly labs were highly encouraged in the first month of therapy, and at least monthly thereafter. All patients were reviewed during weekly OPAT rounds. An AE grading tool was derived using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE 2017) to capture common AEs associated with study drugs. Primary study endpoint was occurrence of up to three AEs of any severity during antibiotic therapy. Secondary analyses evaluated risk factors and treatment outcomes associated with AE occurrence using chi-square statistic (MedCalc Software Ltd.). Results A total of 133 adverse events were identified in 70 (56.5%) of 124 patients receiving COpAT with LZD, SXT, VRC, ITC. Most common infections were pulmonary, bone/joint, and bacteremia/endocarditis (Figure 1). Median length of therapy ranged 21 days (LZD) to 102 days (ITC). Median time to AE onset ranged 8 days (SXT) to 14 days (VRC). Most AEs (88.3%) were &lt; Grade 2 in severity, but 44 (62.9%) of 70 patients incurred &gt; 2 AEs per treatment course. Although VRC incurred highest proportion of AEs, rates were &gt; 50% for all agents (Figure 2), and gastrointestinal AEs were most common (Figure 3). Occurrence of AE of any severity was significantly associated with modification of drug regimen and change in treatment duration.Figure 1.Infectious Disease Diagnoses Represented Under COpAT. Pulmonary, bone/joint, and endovascular infectious were most commonly represented.Figure 2.Proportion of Study Patients with Adverse Events by Medication. Adverse events were incurred in half or more of all treatment courses represented in this studyFigure 3.Adverse Event Categories by Medication. Gastrointestinal toxicity was most frequently represented, followed by derangements in electrolyte or renal function. Conclusion High rates of multiple low- grade AEs per patient treated were associated with use of oral LZD, SXT, VRC, and ITC for severe infections, and frequently required modifications in regimen or duration of therapy. Evidence based protocols are needed to help guide monitoring and clinical management for patients receiving COpAT with these important agents. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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P, Balaji, Deepa N, Siva Sainadh Reddy K, Jagadeshwaran P, and Yazhini SP. "An Analysis of Financial Performance of Food Retail Companies in India." Madras Agricultural Journal 109 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000636.
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The food retail industry is represented as a sunrise industry in the world because of its large potential for growth and socio-economic impact. Because of the critical linkages and synergies, it fosters between the two pillars of our economy, industry, and agriculture, the food retail industry is extremely important to India’s development. Britannia Industries Limited, Heritage Foods Limited, Kwality Industries Limited, KRBL Industries Limited, ITC Limited, and PepsiCo India Holdings Pvt. Ltd was chosen for the study based on financial ratio analysis. From 2015 to 2019, the research was conducted across five years. Britannia Industries Limited, KRBL, and Kwality Industries’ current ratios are 1.94, 1.86, and 1.51, respectively, approaching 2:1. It shows that all three companies have sufficient current assets to cover their current liabilities. ITC’s current ratio is 3.64, indicating that the company is more liquid, which could affect profitability in the long run. The quick ratios of Kwality Industries and Britannia Industries are both good at 1.08 and 0.61, respectively. These two companies have adequate liquidity to meet their short-term obligations. ITC, Britannia, and PepsiCo have debt-to-equity ratios of 0.002,0.07, and 0.02, correspondingly. It implies that their primary source of funding is from their own money rather than loan capital, which causes an increase in the cost of capital and, in turn, affects their profitability in the long run.
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GIMENEZ, MARGA, KAMLESH KHUNTI, KRISTEN SYRING, et al. "375-P: Indirect Treatment Comparison (ITC) of Three Ready-to-Use Glucagon Treatments for Severe Hypoglycemia: Baqsimi, Gvoke, and Zegalogue." Diabetes 71, Supplement_1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db22-375-p.
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Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of 3 ready-to-use glucagon treatments for severe hypoglycemia in adults and children with diabetes: Baqsimi (nasal glucagon) , Gvoke (glucagon injection) , and Zegalogue (dasiglucagon injection) . Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify randomized clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of ready-to-use glucagon vs. reconstituted injectable glucagon. Bayesian fixed-effect network meta-analysis was used to perform the ITC of Gvoke and Zegalogue vs. Baqsimi. Endpoints included the proportion of participants achieving treatment success, maximum blood glucose, and treatment-emergent adverse events. Mean time to treatment success and to maximum blood glucose were also analyzed for Gvoke vs. Baqsimi, but not for Zegalogue due to reporting differences (mean vs. median) . Results and Conclusion: Ten trials were included in the ITC, including 4 for Baqsimi, 3 for Gvoke, and 3 for Zegalogue. Baqsimi had comparable efficacy with Gvoke and with Zegalogue (Table) , and all 3 treatments achieved high treatment success (&gt;98%) in adults and children with diabetes. In adults, results from the combined T1D and T2D analysis were consistent with the T1D analysis, except a statistically significant faster time achieving treatment success observed for Baqsimi vs. Gvoke in the combined analysis. Disclosure M. Gimenez: Advisory Panel; Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi. Speaker's Bureau; AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi. K. Khunti: Consultant; Abbott, Amgen Inc., AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Berlin-Chemie AG, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Napp Pharmaceuticals Limited, Novartis AG, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Servier Laboratories. Research Support; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novartis AG, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH. K. Syring: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. L.A. Baker: None. R.J. Threlkeld: Employee; Lilly Diabetes. Y. Yan: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. M. Matsuhisa: Research Support; Nissui, Sysmex Corp. Speaker's Bureau; Astellas Pharma Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Funding Funded by Eli Lilly and Company.
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-, S. V. Ramana, A. Baji Babu -, and Dr K. N. Gomathy -. "A Case Study of CSR Practices by Select Agri Companies in Andhra Pradesh." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 6, no. 2 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i02.15189.
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Society and business go hand – in – hand. One cannot thrive without other. Business has its responsibility towards all the stakeholders apart from revenue generation for larger social good. Hence, business has a moral obligation to contribute to the betterment of society. In this light, Corporate Social Responsibility is a channel through which corporations address the issues of different stakeholders by integrating social, economic and environment aspects into business operations. Corporate social responsibility has intensely changed the way corporate entities conduct their business activities in the social environment in the 21st century.India is the only country which has regulated and mandated CSR. Andhra Pradesh stands in sixth place among 10 states getting Agri CSR expenditure in India. Andhra Pradesh with a good amount of rise in industries creates a societal responsibility towards society and environment by the industries. Corporate Social Responsibility activity brings a change in the lives of deprived people in rural India. Deprived people in India are mostly based on agriculture for their livelihood and CSR also plays a significant role in the agriculture sector. Business Corporate social responsibility has a positive correlation with the financial performance of the business. This paper provides an insight on the initiatives taken and future initiatives being planned by select companies of Andhra Pradesh with regard to Corporate Social Responsibility. The selected companies are namely ITC Ltd., JSW Steel Limited, Pedillite Industries Ltd., Cummins IndiaLt., HindustanZinc ltd. The data related to CSR practices of select companies of AP is collected from the websites of the industries, annual reports, newspapers, magazines, financial statements of the industries and the like. This research study explores about the contribution by the companies towards CSR practices and efforts made for the development of society.
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Dr. Chidananda H L, Deepthi B, Erisha E, and Aparna Suresh. "MAXIMIZING RETURNS: UNVEILING THE IMPACT OF LIQUIDITY, EFFICIENCY, AND DIVIDEND POLICY ON ASSETS." EPRA International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Studies, May 18, 2024, 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36713/epra16858.
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With an emphasis on Return on Assets (ROA), this study examines the interdependent dynamics of liquidity, efficiency, and dividend policy on business financial performance. With a quantitative research design, the study seeks to clarify how these components together affect organizational effectiveness. Regression analysis is used in the study to look at the associations between the dependent variable, ROA, and the important independent variables, current assets, quick ratio, liquidity, and dividend, using data from ITC Ltd. that was obtained from Moneycontrol over a five-year period (2019–2023). The findings show a strong relationship between liquidity, efficiency, dividend policy, and return on assets (ROA), with liquidity standing out as the main factor and efficiency and dividend policy following closely behind. The results highlight how crucial these variables are in determining financial performance and provide insightful information for organizational resource allocation and strategic decision-making. The study does, however, admit certain limitations, such as the possibility of wider generalizability and the dependence on data from a single organization. Further research is recommended to increase the sample size, carry out longitudinal studies, and investigate qualitative techniques in order to gain a deeper comprehension of and identify the causal factors behind the dynamics of financial success.
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PRAKASH, SHAKTI. "An Empirical analysis of rural customers' Perception Regarding Purchase Behaviour Towards Rural Malls: With Reference to Indore District Journal." AIM EXPLORE 08, no. 02 (2011). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14766195.
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In this paper, the researchers have made efforts to make a comparative analysis of rural consumers' perceptions regarding purchase behavior across different locational points of rural organized malls. Two rural organized malls of Indore district (MP) a) Chaupal Sagar(ITC) and b)Hariyali Kisan Bazaar. 200 rural customers—selected conveniently samples Grocery purchase----no significant difference both the mall's weight and store. Apparel—They opt to go the distance even in mala & haat also. Ambiance ----prefer the Indian format. So the retailers have to redesign the retail format strategies for rural malls based on a customized regional approach in toemsambianceence, assortment, communication, proximity & services. <strong>Objectives:-</strong> To present a brief profile of rural customers. To analyze the perception of rural customers towards rural malls. Hindustan liner project->Shakti 10% ITC----CS-> Facilitation Training, Soil testing, Health clinic, cafeteria banking, Fuel station, etc. First Chaupal Sagar opened –Ratiqueganj Shore Town in M.P 24 Chaupal Sagar planned -100 cs DSCL –DCM, Sriram Consolidation Ltd. (DSCL) –Hariyali Kisan Bazaar operates about -20 km 50,000 –70,000 Agriculture land influenced –15,000 farmers <strong>Methodology:-</strong> Area –Indore district From existing rural organized mall selected. Chaupal sagar & Hariyali Kisan Bazaar (Random) There total of 200 rural customers from each mall total of 100 customers (convenient sampling) 15 students –Ambience, Communication, Price, Product, Assortment, Proximity & Services. SE(x1-x2) Age -50, Income -15,000pm, 87% J Family, 76% Ag, 22% senior student 10% Artisan, 78% literature, 29% UG. <strong>Empirics:- </strong>1)Musical background –Both prefer (Ambience) 2)Mixed brand –HKB prefers more than SC. AdWarrenn about product availability by advt. –both prefer (communication) Both agree onAdvt –grocery need Advt is wastage of many –mixed reaction <strong>Conclusion:-</strong> In both areas, customers are aware & literate Read to buy higher prices in both areas for brandedproductstTheyhe prefer to purchagroceriesery from nearby shops. Apparel they prefer to go to distance local & regional apparel. Get awareness & education through electronic & print media. Ambiance, Assortment of products, Communication, Services & localization surround. Price-sensitive marketing price.
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Chen, Yu-Ta, Ching-Lin Wang, and Chien-Sheng Liu. "Design of a measurement system for measuring geometric errors of a workpiece table during two-axis synchronous motion." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, November 24, 2022, 095440542211363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544054221136395.
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With the increasing customer demand for high-precision workpieces, the accuracy performance of CNC machine tools has become an increasingly important hot topic for almost all machine tool manufacturers. For fine surface finish workpieces, the performance of multi-axis synchronous motion has a significant impact on lathe processing. Accordingly, it is necessary to calibrate and identify the geometric errors of the workpiece table during multiple-axis synchronous motion. Therefore, this study proposes a novel noncontact optical measurement system for measuring the geometric errors of the workpiece table while the two axes are moving simultaneously. In addition, the horizontal CNC lathe machine iTC-2000LM, produced by Tongtai machine & tool Co., Ltd., was taken as the research vehicle. The proposed measurement system comprises an optics module composed of several reflectors, lenses, and cubic beam splitters; a sensing module composed of multiple two-dimensional position-sensitive detectors (PSDs); and a laser. Based on the principle of geometric optics theory and the optical triangulation method, complete mathematical models that describe the geometric errors of the workpiece table during two-axis synchronous motion were established using the skew-ray tracing method. Additionally, the essential features of the proposed measurement system were verified using the optical design software Zemax. Finally, a laboratory prototype system was constructed to experimentally verify the proposed measurement system. As mentioned above, the main contribution of this study is to design a novel and highly efficient measurement system with established measurement mathematical models and experimental verifications.
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"LTD Technologies Inc." Metal Finishing 98, no. 9 (2000): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(00)83219-5.
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