Dissertations / Theses: 'Item analysis'

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Yildirim, Huseyin Husnu. "The Differential Item Functioning (dif) Analysis Of Mathematics Items In The International Assessment Programs." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607135/index.pdf.

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Cross-cultural studies, like TIMSS and PISA 2003, are being conducted since 1960s with an idea that these assessments can provide a broad perspective for evaluating and improving education. In addition countries can assess their relative positions in mathematics achievement among their competitors in the global world. However, because of the different cultural and language settings of different countries, these international tests may not be functioning as expected across all the countries. Thus, tests may not be equivalent, or fair, linguistically and culturally across the participating countries. In this conte! ! xt, the present study aimed at assessing the equivalence of mathematics items of TIMSS 1999 and PISA 2003 across cultures and languages, to fin! d out if mathematics achievement possesses any culture specifi! c aspect s. For this purpose, the present study assessed Turkish and English versions of TIMSS 1999 and PISA 2003 mathematics items with respect to, (a) psychometric characteristics of items, and (b) possible sources of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) between these two versions. The study used Restricted Factor Analysis, Mantel-Haenzsel Statistics and Item Response Theory Likelihood Ratio methodologies to determine DIF items. The results revealed that there were adaptation problems in both TIMSS and PISA studies. However it was still possible to determine a subtest of items functioning fairly between cultures, to form a basis for a cross-cultural comparison. In PISA, there was a high rate of agreement among the DIF methodologies used. However, in TIMSS, the agree! ment ra! te decreased considerably possibly because the rate o! f differ e! ntially functioning items within TIMSS was higher, and differential guessing and differential discriminating were also issues in the test. The study! also revealed that items requiring competencies of reproduction of practiced knowledge, knowledge of facts, performance of routine procedures, application of technical skills were less likely to be biased against Turkish students with respect to American students at the same ability level. On the other hand, items requiring students to communicate mathematically, items where various results must be compared, and items that had real-world context were less likely to be in favor of Turkish students.

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Cash, Charles R. "Stochastic Analysis of Multi-Item Flow Lines /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487931993468164.

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Jensen, Jennifer Lynn. "An Item Reduction Analysis of the Group Questionnaire." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5988.

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The Group Questionnaire (GQ) was developed to measure group therapeutic processes-which are linked to successful prediction of patient outcome and therapeutic factors-across three qualitative dimensions (positive bond, positive work, and negative relationship) and three structural dimensions (member-leader, member-member, and member-group). The GQ model has been shown to be valid across 5 settings and 4 countries. As a clinical measure given after each session, length is of particular concern. Although shorter measures are more convenient for clients and therapists to use, fewer items necessarily means less information, a loss of psychometrics, and possible floor and ceiling effects. This study examined the effects of shortening the GQ on its clinical utility and psychometric integrity. Methods. Archival data from 7 previous studies was used, with 2,594 participants in an estimated 455 groups gathered from counseling centers, non-clinical process groups, inpatient psychiatric hospitals, outpatient psychiatric hospitals, and an inpatient state hospital. Participants answered questions from the Group Questionnaire administered during the productive working phase of a group. Analysis. Analysis was done using multilevel structural equation modeling in Mplus to account for the nested nature of groups. Items were selected using clinical judgment and statistical judgment considering inter item correlation and factor loading. Model fit was analyzed in comparison to the standards in the literature and in comparison to the full length GQ. Discussion. The revised 12 item GQ has good model fit and acceptable reliability. Further assessment is needed to determine how the reduction affects clinical utility.

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黎寶欣 and Po-yan Lai. "Effect of visual item arrangement on search performance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3124189X.

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Lai, Po-yan. "Effect of visual item arrangement on search performance." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23530212.

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Sim, Stacy. "An Item Response Theory Analysis of CWB Measurement Artifacts." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1478003731122816.

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Wang, Wenjia. "Item Response Theory in the Neurodegenerative Disease Data Analysis." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0624/document.

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Les maladies neurodégénératives, telles que la maladie d'Alzheimer (AD) et Charcot Marie Tooth (CMT), sont des maladies complexes. Leurs mécanismes pathologiques ne sont toujours pas bien compris et les progrès dans la recherche et le développement de nouvelles thérapies potentielles modifiant la maladie sont lents. Les données catégorielles, comme les échelles de notation et les données sur les études d'association génomique (GWAS), sont largement utilisées dans les maladies neurodégénératives dans le diagnostic, la prédiction et le suivi de la progression. Il est important de comprendre et d'interpréter ces données correctement si nous voulons améliorer la recherche sur les maladies neurodégénératives. Le but de cette thèse est d'utiliser la théorie psychométrique moderne: théorie de la réponse d’item pour analyser ces données catégoriques afin de mieux comprendre les maladies neurodégénératives et de faciliter la recherche de médicaments correspondante. Tout d'abord, nous avons appliqué l'analyse de Rasch afin d'évaluer la validité du score de neuropathie Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMTNS), un critère important d'évaluation principal pour les essais cliniques de la maladie de CMT. Nous avons ensuite adapté le modèle Rasch à l'analyse des associations génétiques pour identifier les gènes associés à la maladie d'Alzheimer. Cette méthode résume les génotypes catégoriques de plusieurs marqueurs génétiques tels que les polymorphisme nucléotidique (SNPs) en un seul score génétique. Enfin, nous avons calculé l'information mutuelle basée sur la théorie de réponse d’item pour sélectionner les items sensibles dans ADAS-cog, une mesure de fonctionnement cognitif la plus utilisées dans les études de la maladie d'Alzheimer, afin de mieux évaluer le progrès de la maladie
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Charcot Marie Tooth (CMT), are complex diseases. Their pathological mechanisms are still not well understood, and the progress in the research and development of new potential disease-modifying therapies is slow. Categorical data like rating scales and Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) data are widely utilized in the neurodegenerative diseases in the diagnosis, prediction and progression monitor. It is important to understand and interpret these data correctly if we want to improve the disease research. The purpose of this thesis is to use the modern psychometric Item Response Theory to analyze these categorical data for better understanding the neurodegenerative diseases and facilitating the corresponding drug research. First, we applied the Rasch analysis in order to assess the validity of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Score (CMTNS), a main endpoint for the CMT disease clinical trials. We then adapted the Rasch model to the analysis of genetic associations and used to identify genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease by summarizing the categorical genotypes of several genetic markers such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) into one genetic score. Finally, to select sensitive items in the most used psychometrical tests for Alzheimer’s disease, we calculated the mutual information based on the item response model to evaluate the sensitivity of each item on the ADAS-cog scale

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ISHII, Hidetoki, Kazuhiro YASUNAGA, 秀宗石井, and 和央安永. "国語読解テストにおける設問文中の単語の難しさが能力評価に及ぼす影響 : 具体例を回答させる設問の検討." 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16163.

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Mehta, Vandhana. "Structural Validity and Item Functioning of the LoTi Digital-Age Survey." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc68014/.

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The present study examined the structural construct validity of the LoTi Digital-Age Survey, a measure of teacher instructional practices with technology in the classroom. Teacher responses (N = 2840) from across the United States were used to assess factor structure of the instrument using both exploratory and confirmatory analyses. Parallel analysis suggests retaining a five-factor solution compared to the MAP test that suggests retaining a three-factor solution. Both analyses (EFA and CFA) indicate that changes need to be made to the current factor structure of the survey. The last two factors were composed of items that did not cover or accurately measure the content of the latent trait. Problematic items, such as items with crossloadings, were discussed. Suggestions were provided to improve the factor structure, items, and scale of the survey.

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Lees, Jared Andrew. "Differential Item Functioning Analysis of the Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2103.pdf.

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Chen, Dong Qi Kayla. "Gender-related differential item functioning analysis on the GEPT-kids." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953512.

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Lee, Jung-Jung. "ITEM RESPONSE THEORY ANALYSIS OF THE TOP LEADERSHIP DIRECTION SCALE." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/391.

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Item response theory (IRT) offers several advantages compared to classical test theory (CTT) in providing additional information on psychometric qualities of the scale. My goal was to demonstrate the superiority of IRT as compared to CTT through two analyses of the Top Leadership Direction scale (TLDS), which was created to measure the effectiveness of top leadership through the followers’ perceptions in the context of providing guidance of the organization. Furthermore, the participants (n = 8046) were the employees from various positions at 18 of the 23 California State University campuses. In the graded response model (GRM) analysis, the result showed that IRT provided more information about each item and allowed a useful visual inspection of the items. With the second analysis, I aimed to provide evidence of measurement equivalence across functional groups of employees using differential item functioning (DIF) analysis in IRT. Due to the lack of model fit, the DIF analysis was incomplete. A supplementary multigroup CFA was conducted to investigate the structural difference across the groups for the items of the TLDS. The result of multigroup CFA suggested that item 2 and item 4 did not show measurement equivalence across the groups at the construct level. An alternative model in IRT was discussed due to some limitations of GRM in the present study. Practical and theoretical implications for the use of IRT were also presented and contrasted with CTT.

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Fragoso, Tiago de Miranda. "Modelos multidimensionais da teoria de resposta ao item." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-21092010-113121/.

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Avaliaçõs educacionais, de distúrbios psicológicos e da aceitação de um produto no mercado são exemplos de estudos que buscam quantificar um construto de interesse através de questionários compostos por itens de múltipla escolha. A Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI) é muito utilizada na análise de dados provenientes da aplicação desses questionários. Há vários modelos da TRI já muito utilizados na prática com tal finalidade, tanto para respostas dicotômicas aos itens (certo/errado, presente/ausente, sim/não), quanto para itens com mais de duas categorias de resposta (nominais ou ordinais). No entanto, a grande maioria supôe que apenas um traço latente é necessário para explicar a probabilidade de resposta ao item (modelos unidimensionais). Como as situações práticas são usualmente caracterizadas por várias aptidões (traços latentes) influenciando a probabilidade de um indivíduo apresentar certa resposta ao item, os modelos multidimensionais são de grande importância. Neste trabalho, após um levantamento bibliográfico dos principais modelos multidimensionais da TRI existentes na literatura, realizou-se um estudo detalhado de um deles: o modelo logístico multidimensional de dois parâmetros. O método de estimação dos parâmetros dos itens por máxima verossimilhança marginal e dos traços latentes por máxima verossimilhança são explicitados assim como a estimação por métodos bayesianos. Todos os métodos foram implementados em R, comparados e aplicados a um conjunto de dados reais para avaliação do Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) e do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM)
Educational evaluations, psychological testing and market surveys are examples of studies aiming to quantify an underlying construct of interest through multiple choice item tests. Item Response Theory (IRT) is a class of models used to analyse such data. There are several IRT models already being used in applied studies to such end, either for dichotomical answers (right/wrong, present/ absent, Yes/No) or for itens with nominal or ordinal answers. However, the large majority of those models make the assumption that only one latent trait is sufficient to explain the probability of a correct answer to an item (unidimensional models). Since many situations in practice are characterized by multiple aptitudes (latent traits) in uencing such probabilities, multidimensional models that take such traits into consideration gain great importance. In the present work, after a thorough review of the litterature regarding multidimensional IRT models, we studied in depth one model: the two parameter multidimensional logistic model for dichotomical items. The marginal maximum likelihood method used to estimate the item parameters and the maximum likelihood method used for the latent traits as well as bayesian methods for parameter estimation were studied, compared, implemented in the R software and then applied to a real dataset to infere depression using the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)and the Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM)

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McBride, Nadine LeBarron. "An Item Response Theory Analysis of the Scales from the International Personality Item Pool and the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34430.

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Personality tests are widely used in the field of Industrial/Organizational Psychology; however, few studies have focused on their psychometric properties using Item Response Theory. This paper uses IRT to examine the test information functions (TIFs) of two personality measures: the NEO-PI-R and scales from the International Personality Item Pool. Results showed that most scales for both measures provided relatively consistent levels of information and measurement precision across levels of theta (q). Although the NEO-PI-R provided overall higher levels of information and measurement precision, the IPIP scales provided greater efficiency in that they provided more precision per item. Both scales showed substantial decrease in precision and information when response scales were dichotomized away from the original 5 point likert scale format. Implications and further avenues for research are discussed.
Master of Science

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Eryilmaz, Hande. "Analysis Of A Two-echelon Multi-item Inventory System With Postponement." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611503/index.pdf.

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Increased product proliferation and global competition are forcing companies within the supply chain to adopt new strategies. Postponement is an effective strategy that allows companies to be agile and cost effective in dealing with the dynamics of global supply chains. Postponement centres around delaying activities in the supply chain until real information about the market is available, which reduces the complexity and uncertainty of dealing with a proliferation of products. A two-echelon divergent supply chain entailing a central production facility and N retailers facing stochastic demand is studied within the inventory-distribution system. A periodic review order-up-to strategy is incorporated at all echelons. Unique to the study, five different systems are created and the effectiveness of several postponement strategies (form and transshipment) under various operational settings are compared. The importance of postponement under an integrated supply chain context and its contribution to various sector implementations are also discussed. Simulation is used to analyze the performance of the systems especially with respect to cost, order lead time and the effectiveness of transshipment policies. The study is unique in determining factors that favour one system implementation over another and distinguishing sector requirements that support postponement. In the study, postponement is found to be an effective strategy in dealing with managing item variety, demand uncertainty and differences in review periods in the two echelon supply chain for different experimental settings.

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Presnall-Shvorin, Jennifer R. "THE FIVE-FACTOR OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE INVENTORY: AN ITEM RESPONSE THEORY ANALYSIS." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/56.

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Arguments have been made for dimensional models over categorical for the classification of personality disorder, and for the five-factor model (FFM) in particular. A criticism of the FFM of personality disorder is the absence of measures designed to assess pathological personality. Several measures have been developed based on the FFM to assess the maladaptive personality traits included within existing personality disorders. One such example is the Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (FFOCI). The current study applied item response theory analyses (IRT) to test whether scales of the FFOCI are extreme variants of respective FFM facet scales. It was predicted that both the height and slope of the item-response curves would differ for the conscientiousness-based scales, due to the bias towards assessing high conscientiousness as adaptive in general personality inventories (such as Goldberg’s International Personality Item Pool; IPIP). Alternatively, the remaining FFOCI scales and their IPIP counterparts were predicted to demonstrate no significant differences in IRCs across theta. Nine hundred and seventy-two adults each completed the FFOCI and the IPIP, including 377 undergraduate students and 595 participants recruited online. A portion of the results supported the hypotheses, with select exceptions. Fastidiousness and Workaholism demonstrated the expected trends, with the FFOCI providing higher levels of fidelity at the higher end of theta, and the IPIP demonstrating superior coverage at the lower end of theta. Other conscientiousness scales failed to demonstrate the expected differences at a statistically significant level. In this context, the suitability of IRT in the analysis of rationally-derived, polytomous scales is explored.

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Redfern, Andrew, Erik Nelson, and Matthew White. "Price analysis on commercial item purchases within the Department of Defense." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/37743.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Proficiency in completing price reasonableness determinations and documenting the contracting file properly is developed based on experience and completion of required contract pricing courses provided through the Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act (DAWIA) certification process. As there is a wide range of skill levels within the contracting community, it is possible that employees surveyed may not have attended the required contracting pricing courses, or developed the skills required to properly complete price reasonableness determinations.

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Russell, Joseph F. "Analysis of commercial pricing factors : a framework for commercial item pricing." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6028.

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Recent procurement reform initiatives within the Federal Government have served to significantly reduce the requirement for offerors to provide the Government with cost or pricing data in advance of contract negotiations. The goal of these initiatives is to streamline the procurement process and achieve a procurement environment that more closely resembles the practices of the commercial sector. In order for the Government Contracting Officer to effectively analyze an offer as fair and reasonable and obtain a negotiating position, the Contracting Officer must recognize and understand a myriad of elements that contribute to a commercial firm's pricing objectives. The purpose of this research is to examine the elements that influence a contractor's pricing as well as the factors applied to their purchasing decisions. This paper will present data that can be analyzed without the benefit of cost or pricing data. The thesis provides a framework for Government Contracting Officers to recognize and analyze this data in preparing for contract negotiations.

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Zhang, Mo. "Gender related differential item functioning in mathematics tests a meta-analysis /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2009/m_zhang_072109.pdf.

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Siow, Christopher (Christopher Shun Yi). "Analysis of batching strategies for multi-item production with yield uncertainty." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43093.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-180).
In this thesis, we investigate the batch sizing problem for a custom-job production facility. More specifically, given a production system that has been assigned several different types of custom jobs, we try to derive batching policies to minimize the expected total time that a job spends in the system. Custom-job production brings a host of challenges that makes batch sizing very difficult - production can only begin when the order arrives, the yield uncertainty probabilities are fairly large, and the production quantities are typically small. Furthermore, deriving an optimal batch sizing policy is difficult due to the heterogeneity of the job types; each job type has a different demand, batch setup time, unit production rate, unit defective probability, and job arrival rate. In addition, further complexity stems from the fact that the batch sizing decisions for each job type are coupled, and cannot be made independently. Given the difficulties in selecting the batch sizes, we propose an alternative batching method that minimizes the system utilization instead of the expected total job time. The main advantage of this approach is that is allows us to choose the batch size of each job type individually. First, we model the system as an M/G/l queue, and obtain a closed-form expression for the expected total job time when the demand is restricted to be a single unit. Following which, we show empirically that the minimum utilization heuristic attains near-optimal performance under the unit demand restriction. We then build on this analysis, and extend the heuristic to the general case in which the demand of each job is allowed to be more than a single unit. Finally, we use simulations to compare our heuristic against other alternative batching policies, and the results indicate that our heuristic is indeed an effective strategy.
by Christopher Siow.
S.M.

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Posada, Jarred L., and David E. Caballero. "Item unique identification capability expansion: established process analysis, cost benefit analysis, and optimal marking procedures." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44647.

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The purpose of this Master of Business Administration project is to identify possible expansion capabilities, by researching the most cost-effective two-dimensional barcode technology known as an item unique identification that will allow for tracking Department of the Navy assets from cradle to grave. While the Navy is not 100 percent complete, the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics mandated that all new tangible and legacy items over $5,000 and/or serially managed, mission critical, or controlled by inventory, must be serialized and registered by 2010. There are two methods that the Navy can use to mark such items: intrusive and nonintrusive. For legacy items, the best method to mark an item would be nonintrusive, due to the criticality of maintaining the integrity of the item for safety reasons. Thus, it was determined that the best marking procedure for legacy items would be metal foil tags, generated by a contracting company, since they are the most cost-effective, nonintrusive marking method.

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Fluke, Ricky. "A Comparison of Three Correlational Procedures for Factor-Analyzing Dichotomously-Scored Item Response Data." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332583/.

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In this study, an improved correlational procedure for factor-analyzing dichotomously-scored item response data is described and tested. The procedure involves (a) replacing the dichotomous input values with continuous probability values obtained through Rasch analysis; (b) calculating interitem product-moment correlations among the probabilities; and (c) subjecting the correlations to unweighted least-squares factor analysis. Two simulated data sets and an empirical data set (Kentucky Comprehensive Listening Test responses) were used to compare the new procedure with two more traditional techniques, using (a) phi and (b) tetrachoric correlations calculated directly from the dichotomous item-response values. The three methods were compared on three criterion measures: (a) maximum internal correlation; (b) product of the two largest factor loadings; and (c) proportion of variance accounted for. The Rasch-based procedure is recommended for subjecting dichotomous item response data to latent-variable analysis.

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Duniewicz, Krzysztof. "The State of our Toolbox: A Meta-analysis of Reliability Measurement Precision." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/818.

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My study investigated internal consistency estimates of psychometric surveys as an operationalization of the state of measurement precision of constructs in industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology. Analyses were conducted of samples used in research articles published in the Journal of Applied Psychology between 1975 and 2010 in five year intervals (K = 934) from 480 articles yielding 1427 coefficients. Articles and their respective samples were coded for test-taker characteristics (e.g., age, gender, and ethnicity), research settings (e.g., lab and field studies), and actual tests (e.g., number of items and scale anchor points). A reliability and inter-item correlations depository was developed for I/O variables and construct groups. Personality measures had significantly lower inter-item correlations than other construct groups. Also, internal consistency estimates and reporting practices were evaluated over time, demonstrating an improvement in measurement precision and missing data.

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Wang, Shuo. "Joint Analysis of Social and Item Response Networks with Latent Space Models." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1571918340162685.

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Stephens-Bonty, Torie Amelia. "Using Three Different Categorical Data Analysis Techniques to Detect Differential Item Functioning." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/24.

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Diversity in the population along with the diversity of testing usage has resulted in smaller identified groups of test takers. In addition, computer adaptive testing sometimes results in a relatively small number of items being used for a particular assessment. The need and use for statistical techniques that are able to effectively detect differential item functioning (DIF) when the population is small and or the assessment is short is necessary. Identification of empirically biased items is a crucial step in creating equitable and construct-valid assessments. Parshall and Miller (1995) compared the conventional asymptotic Mantel-Haenszel (MH) with the exact test (ET) for the detection of DIF with small sample sizes. Several studies have since compared the performance of MH to logistic regression (LR) under a variety of conditions. Both Swaminathan and Rogers (1990), and Hildalgo and López-Pina (2004) demonstrated that MH and LR were comparable in their detection of items with DIF. This study followed by comparing the performance of the MH, the ET, and LR performance when both the sample size is small and test length is short. The purpose of this Monte Carlo simulation study was to expand on the research done by Parshall and Miller (1995) by examining power and power with effect size measures for each of the three DIF detection procedures. The following variables were manipulated in this study: focal group sample size, percent of items with DIF, and magnitude of DIF. For each condition, a small reference group size of 200 was utilized as well as a short, 10-item test. The results demonstrated that in general, LR was slightly more powerful in detecting items with DIF. In most conditions, however, power was well below the acceptable rate of 80%. As the size of the focal group and the magnitude of DIF increased, the three procedures were more likely to reach acceptable power. Also, all three procedures demonstrated the highest power for the most discriminating item. Collectively, the results from this research provide information in the area of small sample size and DIF detection.

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Fox, Paul E. "Price analysis on commercial item purchases within the Department of the Navy." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42625.

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The objective of this project is to research current pricing memorandums and determine if the use of price analysis techniques and pricing memorandums can improve acquisition-pricing outcomes. The purpose of the research is to explore the efficacy of the government’s current documentation of price analysis information. The intent is to diagnose what price analysis techniques are being utilized and documented in the contracting file, and to explore potential improvements. This analysis is based on a review of a sample size of 30 contract files and a personnel survey at a Navy contracting office.

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Everitt, Alaina Guarnaccia Charles Anthony. "An item response theory analysis of the Rey Osterreith complex figure task." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9783.

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Impelman, Kevin. "Predicting Counter-Productive Workplace Behavior: Item Level Analysis of an Integrity Test." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5602/.

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Counter-productive workplace behavior (CWB) is defined as any intentional behavior on the part of an organization member viewed by the organization as contrary to its legitimate interests. A growing body of literature reveals that individual variables and pre-employment integrity tests can play a strong role in the prediction of CWB. The empirical literature has failed to clarify which type of individual level antecedents, or types of integrity test items, are more predictive of CWB. The current study evaluated data collected from restaurant employees (N=464) that measured items relating to personality tendencies, attitudes toward acceptance of counter-productive behaviors, work and high school background, and admissions of counter-productive behavior. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed a mediocre fit to a typology of CWB (interpersonal CWB vs. organizational CWB). Correlation analysis revealed that only specific attitudinal items and empirically keyed biodata items were significantly related to CWB. Hierarchical regression analysis found that attitudinal items paralleling admissions of CWB contributed variance beyond that of other personality and work and high school background antecedents.

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Everitt, Alaina. "An item response theory analysis of the Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Task." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9783/.

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The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Task (ROCFT) has been a standard in neuropsychological assessment for six decades. Many researchers have contributed administration procedures, additional scoring systems and normative data to improve its utility. Despite the abundance of research, the original 36-point scoring system still reigns among clinicians despite documented problems with ceiling and floor effects and poor discrimination between levels of impairment. This study is an attempt to provide a new method based upon item response theory that will allow clinicians to better describe the impairment levels of their patients. Through estimation of item characteristic curves, underlying traits can be estimated while taking into account varying levels of difficulty and discrimination within the set of individual items. The ultimate goal of the current research is identification of a subset of ROCFT items that can be examined in addition to total scores to provide an extra level of information for clinicians, particularly when they are faced with a need to discriminate severely and mildly impaired patients.

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Jones, Peggy K. "A comparability analysis of the National Nurse Aide Assessment Program." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001752.

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Becker, R. Lance. "Latent trait, factor, and number endorsed scoring of polychotomous and dichotomous responses to the Common Metric Questionnaire." Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135639/.

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Ing, Pamela Grace. "An Investigation of the 'White Male Effect' from a Psychometric Perspective." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338312146.

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Kay, Cheryl Ann. "A comparison of traditional and IRT factor analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4695/.

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This study investigated the item parameter recovery of two methods of factor analysis. The methods researched were a traditional factor analysis of tetrachoric correlation coefficients and an IRT approach to factor analysis which utilizes marginal maximum likelihood estimation using an EM algorithm (MMLE-EM). Dichotomous item response data was generated under the 2-parameter normal ogive model (2PNOM) using PARDSIM software. Examinee abilities were sampled from both the standard normal and uniform distributions. True item discrimination, a, was normal with a mean of .75 and a standard deviation of .10. True b, item difficulty, was specified as uniform [-2, 2]. The two distributions of abilities were completely crossed with three test lengths (n= 30, 60, and 100) and three sample sizes (N = 50, 500, and 1000). Each of the 18 conditions was replicated 5 times, resulting in 90 datasets. PRELIS software was used to conduct a traditional factor analysis on the tetrachoric correlations. The IRT approach to factor analysis was conducted using BILOG 3 software. Parameter recovery was evaluated in terms of root mean square error, average signed bias, and Pearson correlations between estimated and true item parameters. ANOVAs were conducted to identify systematic differences in error indices. Based on many of the indices, it appears the IRT approach to factor analysis recovers item parameters better than the traditional approach studied. Future research should compare other methods of factor analysis to MMLE-EM under various non-normal distributions of abilities.

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Wang, Min. "Characteristics of item response time for standardized achievement assessments." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5674.

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Response time (RT) data are able to provide unique insight into both items and examinees regarding speededness and time-demand and should be incorporated into test development practice. To allow test developers to utilize RT information, item RT needs to be summarized into point estimate(PE)(s) that can be understood by content specialists and saved into the item pool. The recent expansion of online testing in K-12 achievement assessments brings opportunities and challenges for measurement experts to investigate and utilize RT information in a context different from that in the majority of literature, in which licensing and certification tests, graduate admission tests, and other applications that incorporate computer-adaptive testing. Using empirical data from four tests in two grade levels of a K-12 standardized achievement assessment, this study explored the empirical distributions of item RT and their fit to five probability distributions, the characteristics of four item RTPEs, and the relationships between item RTPEs and eight item attributes. Based on the principal findings across tests and grades, the empirical distributions of item RT presented widely variable shapes and did not fit any of the five proposed probability distributions; the 90th quantile showed its important capability of capturing and avoiding speededness issues; and the associations between item RTPEs and item attributes proved to be mixed. The generally idiosyncratic findings of this study call for a different perspective and approach to explore RT data and call for more empirical studies to enlighten test development practice in the K-12 standardized achievement assessment field.

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Schröder, Nadine. "Using Multidimensional Item Response Theory Models to Explain Multi-Category Purchases." Vahlen, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6538/1/0344%2D1369%2D2017%2D2%2D27.pdf.

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We apply multidimensional item response theory models (MIRT) to analyse multi-category purchase decisions. We further compare their performance to benchmark models by means of topic models. Estimation is based on two types of data sets. One contains only binary the other polytomous purchase decisions. We show that MIRT are superior w. r. t. our chosen benchmark models. In particular, MIRT are able to reveal intuitive latent traits that can be interpreted as characteristics of households relevant for multi-category purchase decisions. With the help of latent traits marketers are able to predict future purchase behaviour for various types of households. These information may guide shop managers for cross selling activities and product recommendations.

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Orten, Heather Rhea. "An Item Analysis of the Child Behavior Checklist with Preschool Children with Autism." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1182.

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The diagnosis of autism is a comprehensive process that requires trained professionals and is often a time consuming process. Behavior rating scales are common components used by practitioners in evaluations to assess various social, emotional, or behavioral problems. With the rise of awareness, the steady increase of autism diagnoses, and the importance of early identification to increase the effectiveness of intervention, there is a need for screeners to identify the characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorders. The purpose of the present study was to determine if there was a group of items on the Child Behavior Checklist/1.5-5 that reliably distinguished between children with autism and referred, but non-spectrum children. A behavior rating scale was completed by parents and/or guardians of 156 preschool children with autism and without autism. Analyses of the data revealed a grouping of items that were significantly correlated with the diagnosis of autism. Based on predetermined cutoff scores, sensitivity, and specificity; the group of items may be useful in the recommendation of further assessment of autism.

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Huang, Jialin. "Does the negatively-worded item effict exist in personality measures? A meta-analysis." Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3664037.

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This study meta-analyzed IRT item discrimination parameter estimates and CFA item loadings to explore the methodological effect of negatively-worded items in personality measures. We found three important moderators that determined whether the negatively-worded item effect affected a scale. The first moderator was the manner in which the scale was defined. We found a strong negatively-worded item effect for Neuroticism but not for Emotional Stability. The personality scale was also a moderator, with a negatively-worded item effect being observed for Agreeableness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Openness but a positively-worded item effect for Emotional Stability and Conscientiousness. Third, low-motivation samples tended to produce a larger negatively-worded item effect. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between personality and non-personality inventories regarding the negatively-worded item effect. Finally, item negation did not produce the expected effect. Practical implications and limitations of the study are discussed.

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DeSimone, Justin Angermeier. "An analysis of the item characteristics of the conditional reasoning test of aggression." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50150.

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This dissertation employs modern psychometric techniques to estimate the item characteristics of the Conditional Reasoning Test of Aggression (CRT-A) and three related subscales. Using a sample size of 5,511 respondents, this dissertation provides an accurate assessment of the capability of the CRT-A to measure latent aggression. Additionally, a differential item functioning analysis compares student and applied samples. Results suggest that 21 of the 22 CRT-A items work as intended for the measurement of aggression and all 22 of the CRT-A items are good indicators of their respective factor subscales. Information curves indicate that the CRT-A is best suited for use with individuals who are high on latent aggression.

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Sales, Clay Alan. "Computer-assisted item and test pre-analysis: a new direction in qualitative methods." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44681.

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To date, the major emphasis in test and item evaluation has been directed toward statistical post-measures which rely heavily on data gathered from the administration of the instrument. These primarily summative techniques are limited, however, in that they are incapable of providing information about and item/test before it has been sent for field trials. This research presents a new direction in test and item analysis which, using test/item writing heuristics, provides a previously unavailable technology for instrument pre-analysis. The new field of "qualitative item and test pre-analysis" is proposed and described. The implications to the field are discussed in addition to specific suggestions for the use of this new technology.

The design and creation of a baseâ case item and test pre-analysis expert system (ITAX) is also detailed, including the heuristics incorporated, implementation methodologies and limitations. The heuristics incorporated into the system include the detection of: two varieties of grammatical cues, negation/multiple negation, repetition of phrases within an options list, presence of too few options, inconsistent length of distractors, use of all- and none-of-the-above, repetition of significant words from the stem to the options, randomness of multiple choice answer placement, balance of true/false items and length of true/false items. A comprehensive reference to the system is also provided.

Master of Arts

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Brits, Gideon Petrus. "University student performance in multiple choice questions : an item analysis of Mathematics assessments." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65477.

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The University of Pretoria has experienced a significant increase in student numbers in recent years. This increase has necessarily impacted on the Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics. The department is understaffed in terms of lecturing staff, which impacts negatively on postgraduate study and research outputs. The disproportion between teaching staff and the lecturing load and research demands has led to an excessive grading and administrative load on staff. The department decided to use multiple choice questions in assessments that could be graded by means of computer software. The responses of the multiple choice questions are captured on optical reader forms that are processed centrally. Multiple choice questions are combined with constructed response questions (written questions) in semester tests and end-of-term examinations. The quality of the multiple choice questions has never before been determined. This research project asks the research question: How do the multiple choice questions in mathematics, as posed to first-year engineering students at the University of Pretoria, comply with the principles of good assessment for determining quality? A quantitative secondary analysis is performed on data that was sourced from the first-year engineering calculus module WTW 158 for the years 2015, 2016 and 2017. The study shows that, in most cases, the questions are commendable with well-balanced indices of discrimination and difficulty including well-chosen functional distractors. The item analysis included determining the cognitive level of each multiple choice question. The problematic questions are highlighted and possible recommendations are made to improve or revise such questions for future usage.
Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Science, Mathematics and Technology Education
MEd
Unrestricted

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Johansson, Jonas, and Kenneth Runnman. "A sentiment analysis approach to manage the new item problem of Slope One." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-208667.

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This report targets a specific problem for recommender algorithms which is the new item problem and propose a method with sentiment analysis as the main tool. Collaborative filtering algorithms base their predictions on a database with users and their corresponding ratings to items. The new item problem occurs when a new item is introduced in the database because the item has no ratings. The item will therefore be unavailable as a recommendation for the users until it has gathered some ratings. Products that can be rated by users in the online community often has experts that get access to these products before its release date for the consumers, this can be taken advantage of in recommender systems. The experts can be used as initial guides for predictions. The method that is used in this report relies on sentiment analysis to translate written reviews by experts into a rating based on the sentiment of the text. This way when a new item is added it is also added with the ratings of experts in the field. The result from this study shows that the recommender algorithm slope one can generate more reliable recommendations with a group of expert users than without when a new item is added to the database. The expert users that is added must have ratings for other items as well as the ratings for the new item to get more accurate recommendations.
Denna rapport studerar påverkan av problemet med nya objekt i rekommendationsalgoritmen Slope One och en metod föreslås i rapporten för att lösa det specifika problemet. Problemet uppstår när ett nytt objekt läggs till i en databas då det inte finns några betyg som getts till objektet/produkten. Då rekommendationsalgoritmer som Slope One baserar sina rekommendationer på relationerna mellan användares betyg av filmer så blir träffsäkerheten låg för en rekommendation av en film med få betyg. Metoden som föreslås i rapporten involverar attitydanalys som det huvudsakliga verktyget för att få information som kan ersätta faktiska betyg som användare gett en produkt. När produkter kan bli betygsatta av användare på olika forum på internet så finns det ofta experter får tillgång till produkten innan den släpps till omvärlden, den information som dessa experter har kan användas för att fylla det informationsgap som finns när ett nytt objekt läggs till. Dessa experter kommer då initiellt att användas som guide för rekomendationssystemet. Så när ett nytt objekt läggs till så görs det tillsammans med betyg från experter för att få mer träffsäkra rekomendationer. Resultatet från denna studie visar att Slope One genererar mer träffsäkra rekommendationer då en ny produkt läggs till i databasen med ett antal betyg som genererats genom attitydanalysanalys på experters textrecensioner. Det är värt att notera att ett betyg enbart för dessa expertanvändare inte håller utan experterna måste ha betyg av andra produkter inom samma område för kunna influera rekommendationer för den nya produkten.

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42

Lee, Hao, and 李濠. "The Application of Item Analysis and Item Selection Strategies in Cloud Computing." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39732462891569018359.

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碩士
輔仁大學
統計資訊學系應用統計碩士班
100
Examinations and tests are very common and effective ways to know the effects of learning. Besides, there are some values which can be obtained by simple arithmetic to judge the examinee’s ability. However, there some values must be obtained through complex calculation. Because of its complexity, some people omitted those values and only observe the result of tests which caused them ignore the importance of the exam data such as the ability of the examinees and parameters of items including item discrimination, guessing and difficulty, which makes them can’t obtained the effects of learning efficiently. This study will establish an analysis platform includes test results and strategic item choosing function based on its immediateness and its high-speed characteristic. This platform also combines the high-speed characteristic and calculated quickly of cloud computing, so that users do not need to know other codes or formulas about the results, they can get the outcomes easily with this platform. This system allows users knowing the ability of examinees faster and more convenient, and observing the compatibility of items in order to grasp more about the learning effectiveness of examinees.

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Chang, Yu-Tsz, and 張育慈. "Functional Data Analysis In Test Item." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17275532986883833458.

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Hong, Ching-Ping, and 洪至評. "The Conditional Item Difficulty Scale Analysis." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qpest4.

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碩士
中原大學
應用數學研究所
92
Compared with the traditional methods, the Rasch model considers the latent trait of human ability and the characteristics of item independently. The advantage of using the Rasch model is that its analysis is closer to the real situation. In this research, the Rasch model is extended to the multinomial case. The method of estimated parameters, which is general used, applies interation. Therefore, it is necessary to design a different program for each model. We show that the functional form of the conditional model is similar to a multinimial logit model which has an equivalent loglinear model form. We have found that the functional form of model similar to that of uaual multinomial logit model. Therefore, the item difficulty can be estimated by using the generalized linear modeln program. The advantage of using linear model is that it does not require a new software or program to analyze the data, i.e. general statistial software can be used. Moreover, the method discussed in this research also can be used to analyze different models which the functional forms are similar to that of multinomial logit model. Finally, We hope the item difficulty calculated by the research will help teachers when they design tests.

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Chiang, Cheng-Han, and 江承翰. "Behavior Analysis for Interactive Item Testing." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76960735914091472714.

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碩士
國立臺中教育大學
資訊科學系
99
Conventional online test systems rarely record the functions of users’ operational process. Although some test systems do record the response process of testees , these systems mainly focus on analyzing response behavior in relation to the entire test paper, rather than a single test question. These systems also fail to analyze the response process with regard to operation-style items . Through analyzing post-test records of response processes, teachers can rapidly comprehend the operational behavior of testees, which helps them to understand how long testees mulled over questions before answering, and which test questions presented the most difficulty to them. In this digital age of increasingly advanced and widely applied software, it is essential that students are equipped with skills for operating software. Therefore, with regard to software operation tests, instructors must analyze the operational process of testees, and use these records to identify learning gaps or procedures with which the learner is unfamiliar. This information indicates important areas in which the student requires further guidance and instruction. This study expanded the previous IT IS system by designing an “operational behavior model” for software operation, incorporating software operation-style items, and developing a visualized behavioral analysis module. The software operation-style items developed by this study can be used to record behavioral processes and generate an online test device equipped with immediate feedback functions. This device can instantly notify testees of operational errors and provide reminders about software operation. Testees can thereby gain experience with correct software operation and procedures during the test process. This system can visually present operational process data and automatically generate visual presentation of the responses of multiple testees to a single test question. Instructors can use this visualized data to replay the operational behavior of multiple testees in relation to the same test item and compare differences in their operational behavior. The operation-style items previously developed in the first version of the ITIS system and the new operation-style items developed in this study were applied to tests in programming-related courses. Using the data recorded from experiments and the software operation behavioral module constructed by this study, researchers were able to identify several significant types of behavioral models and special behavior. Instructors can use this behavioral data as important indicators when modifying assessment processes and seeking to gain an accurate understanding of students’ learning conditions.

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Bunton, Kate Elizabeth. "An acoustic item-analysis of speech intelligibility." 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/43267678.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1999.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 274-291

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Lin, Chun-Jui, and 林俊叡. "Item Response Analysis for English Placement Test." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27tmuj.

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碩士
中原大學
應用數學研究所
102
Item response theory analysis gradually becomes an important analytical tool for analyzing the characteristics of questions in examinations. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, General Scholastic Ability Test, and the Basic Competence Test for Junior High School Students are in the scope of item response analysis. This paper uses three models in item response theory to analyze the result of an English placement test given to the freshmen class of 2009 in Chung Yuan Christien University. These three models are 1-parameter logistic model, 2-parameter logistic model, and 3-parameter logistic model.

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Hwang, Hung-Yin, and 黃弘毅. "Economic Analysis of Multi-Item Inventory System." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84886761771651500568.

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Shin, Seon-hi. "A polytomous nonlinear mixed model for item analysis." 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3116188.

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陳金斌. "The Conditional Maximum Likelihood Approach of Item Analysis." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52102112592616149851.

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碩士
中原大學
數學系
88
When the data can be analyzed throughout the Rasch model, it is often focused on the item analysis. There are two methods for item analysis mentioned in this paper, and these methods are conditional maximum likelihood method and unconditional maximum likelihood method. We focus on the conditional maximum likelihood method in this paper, and the estimates of the item parameters from the conditional maximum likelihood method are proven to be consistent (Andersen, 1973). The conditional maximum likelihood of the Rasch model is replaced by the maximum likelihood method of the loglinear model, and the replacing method is easily to computed in the general Statistical Software.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Item analysis'

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