Relevant bibliographies by topics / Item construction

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Item construction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Item construction"

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Zhang, Hai Yan, and Jin Wei Zhao. "The Mechanism Construction Evaluated after Constructing Item Studies." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 3318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.3318.

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Aim at a current our country the construction invested in the middle of the item an existent problem to carry on analysis, to domestic and international construction item behind evaluated a theoretical development to make to elaborate, and analyze our country behind evaluate current performance present condition of mechanism and the blemish of existence, put forward some improvement suggestions.After pointing out at the same time evaluate is the important link that constucts an indispensability in the item period, have count for much meaning to decision level and investment efficiency that raises item, at our country its development should have vaster prospect.
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Holme, Randal. "Construction grammars." AILA Review 23 (December 9, 2010): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aila.23.07hol.

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Constructions are the central unit of grammatical analysis in cognitive linguistics. In formal linguistics ‘construction’ referred to forms that were projected from lexical items rather than from an autonomous syntax. Thus, an expression, ‘I danced the night away’ requires an intransitive verb in a transitive construction provided ‘away’ is present. In cognitive linguistics, constructions comprise any grouping of words or morphemes that in combination possess meanings that cannot be predicted from the parts in isolation. This meaning belongs to the construction itself and is not necessarily dependent upon the presence of a given item of lexis. If this definition is accepted by second language teachers the fundamental interest is that language learning is about learning lexis, constructions, and the text types by which constructions are combined. This article first distills a concept of a construction useful to a pedagogical grammar and considers the relationship of this concept of form to better known language content ‘packets’ such as the structure and the lexical phrase. Last, it discusses how a CL concept of construction does and does not propose different pedagogical methods.
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Pargent, Florian, Sven Hilbert, Kathryn Eichhorn, and Markus Bühner. "Can’t Make it Better nor Worse." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 35, no. 6 (November 2019): 891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000471.

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Abstract. Some of the most popular psychological questionnaires violate general rules of item construction: precise, positively keyed items without negations, multiple aspects of content, absolute statements, or vague quantifiers. To investigate if following these rules results in more desirable psychometric properties, 1,733 participants completed online either the original NEO Five-Factor Inventory, an “improved” version whose items follow the rules of item construction, or a “deteriorated” version whose items strongly violate these rules. We compared reliability estimates, item-total correlations, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) model fit, and fit to the partial credit model between the three versions. Neither of the manipulations resulted in considerable or consistent effects on any of the psychometric indices. Our results question the ability of standard analyses in test construction to distinguish good items from bad ones, as well as the effectiveness of general rules of item construction. To increase the reproducibility of psychological science, more focus should be laid on improving psychological measures.
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Bergling, Barbro M. "Constructing Items Measuring Logical Operational Thinking: Facet Design-Based Item Construction Using Multiple Categories Scoring." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 14, no. 2 (May 1998): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.14.2.172.

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The development and application of test items of logical operational thinking are described. Twelve classical Piagetian experiments were transformed into objective test items using Guttman's facet design. In the item construction the response options received such a theoretical underpinning and form that they were considered to represent in a prototypical way all three operational levels, allowing interpretation of hypothetical reasoning strategies behind the student's choice of alternative. The items in multiple-choice format were given to four samples of Swedish students as a national option of the Second IEA Science Study: 1322 students in Grade 3, 1423 in Grade 4, 784 in Grade 7, and 725 in Grade 8. Twenty-two items were administered, of which 5 were specific for Grades 3 and 4, and 5 specific for Grades 7 and 8. The Rasch partial credit model was applied in order to take into account the information in all response options. Fifteen items in Grades 3 and 4, and 18 items in Grades 7 and 8 showed acceptable fit to the measurement model. The overall mean-square fit statistics were in accordance with model expectations.
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Roberts, James S., and Robert J. Jannarone. "An Interacting-item scale construction package." Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 17, no. 3 (May 1985): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03200960.

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Waty, Mega, and Hendrik Sulistio. "IDENTIFIKASI RISIKO CHANGE ORDER PROYEK KONSTRUKSI JALAN." Jurnal Muara Sains, Teknologi, Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan 5, no. 1 (May 4, 2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmstkik.v5i1.10094.

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A Change Order is a written and legal work order that changes the scope of the original contract, with compensation that has been agreed upon by the owner and the contractor. Changes can be in the form of adding or reducing the scope of work, changing materials, or changing schedules. Change Order causes the cost of contract items to swell, planning errors and negligence as well as changes in scope that can be reduced by sharpening planning results. The scope of research on road construction in Indonesia, especially in DKI Jakarta and Banten provinces. This study aims to determine the identification of change orders in road construction projects. Data obtained from real data on road construction projects from 2013-2018 on 16 road construction project packages in the form of road construction project addendum contracts. Based on the addendum contract, added work, less work, addition of new items and removal of work items are determined. The identification of change order risk is seen from three aspects, namely the addition and reduction of work items, the removal of items and the addition of new items and the wishes of the owner, thereby increasing the cost of the change order contract. This study found 732 changes in construction work items. Risk identification is obtained from the frequency of changes above 35% which is an intermediate frequency that tends to increase the occurrence of change orders. The results of risk identification were obtained for 31 construction work items, the highest percentage was for Thermoplastic Road Marking work, followed by 30 other construction work items. Keywords: risk identification; change orders; road construction projects AbstrakChange Order adalah perintah kerja tertulis dan sah yang mengubah lingkup kontrak semula, dengan kompensasi yang sudah disetujui oleh pemilik dan kontraktor. Perubahan dapat berupa penambahan atau pengurangan lingkup pekerjaan, perubahan material, atau perubahan jadwal. Change Order menyebabkan biaya item kontrak membengkak, kesalahan perencanaan dan kelalaian serta perubahan ruang lingkup yang dapat dikurangi dengan mempertajam hasil perencanaan.. Lingkup penelitian pada konstruksi jalan di Indonesia khususnya provinsi DKI Jakarta dan Banten. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui identifikasi change order proyek konstruksi jalan. Data didapat dari data riil proyek konstruksi jalan dari tahun 2013- 2018 pada 16 paket proyek konstruksi jalan berupa kontrak addendum proyek konstruksi jalan. Berdasarkan kontrak addendum maka ditentukan pekerjaan tambah, pekerjaan kurang, penambahan item baru dan penghilangan item pekerjaan. Identifikasi risiko change order dilihat dari tiga aspek yakni penambahan dan pengurangan item pekerjaan, penghilangan item dan penambahan item baru dan keinginan dari pihak owner sehingga meningkatkan biaya kontrak change order. Penelitian ini mendapatkan 732 perubahan item pekerjaan konstruksi. Identifikasi risiko didapat dari frekuensi perubahan diatas 35% yang merupakan frekuensi menengah yang cenderung meningkatkan terjadinya change order. Hasil identifikasi risiko didapat pada 31 item pekerjaan konstruksi, yang tertinggi persentase pada pekerjaan Marka Jalan Termoplastik, diikuti 30 item pekerjaan konstruksi lainnya.
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Armstrong, Ronald D., Douglas H. Jones, and Zhaobo Wang. "Optimization of Classical Reliability in Test Construction." Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 23, no. 1 (March 1998): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/10769986023001001.

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This article considers the problem of generating a test from an item bank using a criterion based on classical test theory parameters. A mathematical programming model is formulated that maximizes the reliability coefficient α, subject to logical constraints on the choice of items. The special structure of the problem is exploited with network theory and Lagrangian relaxation techniques. An empirical study shows that the method produces tests with high coefficient a subject to various practicable item constraints.
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BOYD, JEREMY K., and ADELE E. GOLDBERG. "Young children fail to fully generalize a novel argument structure construction when exposed to the same input as older learners." Journal of Child Language 39, no. 3 (June 22, 2011): 457–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000911000079.

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ABSTRACTThe present study1 exposed five-year-olds (M=5 ; 2), seven-year-olds (M=7 ; 6) and adults (M=22 ; 4) to instances of a novel phrasal construction, then used a forced choice comprehension task to evaluate their learning of the construction. The abstractness of participants' acquired representations of the novel construction was evaluated by varying the degree of lexical overlap that test items had with exposure items. We found that both child groups were less proficient than adults, but seven-year-olds showed evidence of across-the-board generalization whereas five-year-olds were sensitive to lexical overlap at test. This outcome is consistent with more conservative, item-based learning of syntactic patterns in younger children. Additionally, unlike adults and seven-year-olds, five-year-olds showed no evidence of having mastered the novel construction's linking rules. Thus, younger learners are less likely to generalize abstract argument structure constructions when exposed to the same systematic input as older learners.
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Su, Chien-Yuan, Jiawei Chang, Tikai Chiu, and Tungcheng Hsieh. "A Cluster-based Personalized Item Recommended Approach on the Educational Assessment System." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 10, no. 5 (November 13, 2015): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v10i5.4807.

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Personalized item recommendation enables the educational assessment system to make deliberate efforts to perform appropriate assessment strategies that fit the needs, purposes, preferences, and interests of individual teachers. This study presents a dynamically personalized item-recommendation approach that is based on clustering in-serve teachers with assessment compiling interest and preference characteristics to recommend available, best-fit candidate items to support teachers to construct their classroom assessment. A two-round assessment constructing activity was being adopted to collect and extract these teacher’ assessment knowledge (item selected preference behaviors), and through the designed item-recommendation mechanism to facilitate IKMAAS [1] to recommend proper items to meet different individual in-serve teachers. To evaluate the effectiveness and usability for the cluster-based personalized item-recommendation, the assessment system log analysis and the questionnaire collected from participating teachers’ perceptions were being used. The results showed the proposed item-recommendation approach based on clustered teachers’ assessment knowledge can effectively improve their educational assessment construction.
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Williamson, W. Paul, and Aneeq Ahmad. "The Bidirectional Spirituality Scale: Construction and Initial Evidence for Validity." Spiritual Psychology and Counseling 4, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37898/spc.2019.4.1.0057.

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This study presents the development and construction of the 16-item Bidirectional Spirituality Scale (BSS), which is based on the theory of vertical and horizontal spirituality. Vertical spirituality focuses on that involving one’s relationship with God, whereas horizontal spirituality is concerned with one’s relations with people and attunement to meaning and purpose. Using data from 239 USA participants, exploratory factor analysis has produced three factors: vertical spirituality (VS; 8 items); horizontal spirituality-others (HS-O; 4 items); and horizontal spirituality-existential (HS-E; 4 items). A partial confirmatory factor analysis has confirmed the three-factor model. For research purposes, HS-O and HS-E can be combined to produce an 8-item horizontal spirituality scale to complement the 8-item VS scale. Further analyses have found preliminary evidence for both convergent and discriminant validity. Because of its sound psychometric properties, the BSS appears to be a useful, brief instrument for discriminating both religious and non-religious spirituality.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Item construction"

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Zeuch, Nina [Verfasser], and Heinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Holling. "Rule based item construction / Nina Zeuch. Betreuer: Heinz Holling." Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1027017282/34.

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Shrestha, Joseph, H. David Jeong, and Douglas D. Gransberg. "Multidimensional Highway Construction Cost Indexes Using Dynamic Item Basket." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/717.

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A highway construction cost index (HCCI) is an indicator of the purchasing power of a highway agency. Thus, it must reflect the actual construction market conditions. However, current methods used by most state departments of transportation are not robust enough to meet this primary goal due to (1) a significantly insufficient sample size of bid items used in HCCI calculation; and (2) inability to address the need to track highway construction market conditions in specific submarket segments such as, but not limited to, various project types, sizes, and locations. This study proposes an advanced methodology to overcome these apparent limitations using two new concepts: (1) dynamic item basket; and (2) multidimensional HCCIs. The dynamic item basket process identifies and utilizes an optimum amount of bid-item data to calculate HCCIs in order to minimize the potential error due to a small sample size, which leads to a better reflection of the current market conditions. Multidimensional HCCIs dissect the state highway construction market into distinctively smaller sectors of interest and thus, allow state Departments of Transportation to understand the market conditions with much higher granularity. A framework is developed to integrate these two concepts and a standalone prototype system, named the Dyna-Mu-HCCI System, is developed to automate the data-processing part of the framework. The historical bid data of the Montana Department of Transportation are used to evaluate the performance of the Dyna-Mu-HCCI System and measure the effects of the dynamic item basket (DIB) and multidimensional HCCIs. The results show an eightfold increase in terms of the number of bid items used in calculating HCCIs and at least a 20% increase in terms of the total cost of bid items used. In addition, the multidimensional HCCIs reveal different cost-change patterns from different highway sectors. For example, the bridge construction market historically shows a very different trend compared with the overall highway construction market. The new methodology is expected to aid state Departments of Transportation in making more-reliable decisions in preparing business plans and budgets with more accurate and detailed information about the construction market conditions. Further, the prototype Dyna-Mu-HCCI System is expected to significantly facilitate the HCCI calculation process and rapidly implement this new system.
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Zavarella, Cristi A. "On Construction of a Manual for Item 27 on the SCTi-MAP." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1242519940.

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Sales, Clay Alan. "Computer-assisted item and test pre-analysis: a new direction in qualitative methods." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44681.

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To date, the major emphasis in test and item evaluation has been directed toward statistical post-measures which rely heavily on data gathered from the administration of the instrument. These primarily summative techniques are limited, however, in that they are incapable of providing information about and item/test before it has been sent for field trials. This research presents a new direction in test and item analysis which, using test/item writing heuristics, provides a previously unavailable technology for instrument pre-analysis. The new field of "qualitative item and test pre-analysis" is proposed and described. The implications to the field are discussed in addition to specific suggestions for the use of this new technology.

The design and creation of a baseâ case item and test pre-analysis expert system (ITAX) is also detailed, including the heuristics incorporated, implementation methodologies and limitations. The heuristics incorporated into the system include the detection of: two varieties of grammatical cues, negation/multiple negation, repetition of phrases within an options list, presence of too few options, inconsistent length of distractors, use of all- and none-of-the-above, repetition of significant words from the stem to the options, randomness of multiple choice answer placement, balance of true/false items and length of true/false items. A comprehensive reference to the system is also provided.


Master of Arts
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Mair, Patrick, and Horst Treiblmaier. "Partial Credit Models for Scale Construction in Hedonic Information Systems." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1614/1/document.pdf.

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Information Systems (IS) research frequently uses survey data to measure the interplay between technological systems and human beings. Researchers have developed sophisticated procedures to build and validate multi-item scales that measure real world phenomena (latent constructs). Most studies use the so-called classical test theory (CTT), which suffers from several shortcomings. We first compare CTT to Item Response Theory (IRT) and subsequently apply a Rasch model approach to measure hedonic aspects of websites. The results not only show which attributes are best suited for scaling hedonic information systems, but also introduce IRT as a viable substitute that overcomes severall shortcomings of CTT. (author´s abstract)
Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
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Kamaraldin, Khaled. "Punching shear and moment transfer in reinforced concrete flat slabs." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1990. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/94vwq/punching-shear-and-moment-transfer-in-reinforced-concrete-flat-slabs.

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Lee, S. "Construction of China and India's national interests : the Tibet question." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2016. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9ywy2/construction-of-china-and-india-s-national-interests-the-tibet-question.

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The purpose of this research is to examine China and India's national interests with regard to Tibet, and the ways in which these interests have been shaped and pursued. While drawing on the sizeable body of academic literature which already addresses this topic, this thesis contends that the conclusions which have been reached to date have tended to be arbitrary, insofar as studies have suffered from a lack of theoretical and conceptual clarity on 'national interest'. The intention here is therefore to discuss the two countries' stances using a more rigorous analytical framework based on explicit theoretical and conceptual foundations. From a rationalist and critical constructivist perspective in tandem, it attempts to identify and compare the rationales behind China and India's pursuit of national interest vis-à-vis Tibet, and to examine the domestic processes of interest formation concerning the Tibet issue in elite discourse. To develop a rationalist account, content analysis is used to argue that both countries are primarily concerned about the security implications of the Tibetan question. For China, Tibet is a domestic issue, and symbolises internal integrity and the modernisation of the nation, especially with regard to minority areas. For India, Tibet remains a useful means of containing China, especially during negotiations over border disputes. To complement these findings, critical discourse analysis is used to develop a constructivist account examining the role of nationalism in the processes whereby elites have shaped, justified and pursued their national interests. This account suggests that the Communist Party of China has constructed a myth of Chinese nationhood partly in order to realise its interests vis-à-vis Tibet. The CPC has drawn on Han nationalism to fortify the concept of the Chinese nation, and on propaganda about development to neutralise Tibetan nationalism. In the case of India, the elite, while acknowledging their inability to contain China with the Tibet card, have attempted to boost nationalism by emphasising their generous, democratic and peaceful approach towards Tibet, and thereby comparing themselves favourably with China. The thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge in two main ways: it departs from the existing literature by taking a constructivist approach to China and India's national interest with regard to Tibet; and it is the first empirical study in this research area to explore the role of nationalism as a strategic means of shaping and pursuing national interest.
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Agina, Anulika. "Nigerian filmmakers and their construction of a political past (1967-1998)." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2015. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/96x0z/nigerian-filmmakers-and-their-construction-of-a-political-past-1967-1998.

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Once criticised as ‘seemingly’ oblivious of the political and historical concerns of the state (Osofisan, 2007; Adesokan, 2009b; Alamu, 2010; Okome, 2010; Mistry & Ellapen, 2013), some southern Nigerian filmmakers have begun reversing such critical narratives through negotiated images of the country’s political history. In spite of that, academic attention to such videos remains on the margins of textual or isolated audience analyses. This research questions the motivations, narrative techniques, underlying ideologies and reception of video films that construct Nigeria’s political past between 1967 and 1998, two significant moments in the country’s postcolonial history. This is achieved through contextual and post-structuralist readings of the films as popular art as well as semi-structured interviews of filmmakers and film journalists. The study found that historicizing an ethnically-diverse postcolonial state such as Nigeria through the agency of film is fraught with potential dangers, most of which cannot be mitigated by the filmmakers. Each stage of the production/consumption process is compounded by societal factors including filmmaker’s background, finance, audience and censorship. Also evident from the findings is that popular Nigerian videos sustain and subvert the dominant narratives on popular arts to gain economic advantage. Whereas some filmmakers endorse politicians’ practices, others subvert authoritarian regimes through metaphoric filmic codes (negotiated images) intelligible to audiences and deployed by the producers in order to circumvent censorship. Interrogating film journalists in addition to filmmakers served as an antidote to film producers’ self-reporting. By examining the reception of films through the lens of journalists, this study makes no generalisable claims on audiences, but delivers an original methodological approach to understanding films made in the past, about the past. Thus, the study proposes opening up the methodological approaches to Nollywood to accommodate film texts, producers and audiences rather than lone textual analyses that silence creators and consumers.
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Marchiori, Fernanda Fernandes. "Desenvolvimento de um método para elaboração de redes de composições de custo para orçamentação de obras de edificações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-08092010-131752/.

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Nesta tese é apresentado o desenvolvimento de um método para elaboração de composições de custo voltado a obras de edificações. Esta abordagem, que considera as composições orçamentárias em forma de redes, foi elaborada a fim de criar uma lógica para a estruturação da massa de informações envolvidas no processo de orçar. Inicialmente foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica e um estudo exploratório que apontaram para tal necessidade. Tendo-se por base trabalhos anteriores de levantamento de produtividade em obra, propôs-se um método para elaboração de composições. Este método foi aplicado levando-se em conta o contexto das obras de um agente da cadeia produtiva da Construção Civil: um órgão financiador de obras (a Caixa Econômica Federal). Tal uso serviu para mostrar a aplicabilidade do método desenvolvido com base bibliográfica, mas também acabou sendo útil para alguns aprimoramentos do mesmo, fazendo uso das discussões entre pesquisadores e pesquisados, chegando-se, então, ao método final apresentado nesta tese. Desta forma, o método de desenvolvimento das redes de composições proposto fornece subsídios para alocação e tratamento das informações sobre custos de obra, resolvendo parte das críticas apontadas pela literatura, propiciando composições mais precisas frente às novas disponibilidades de dados e dando um suporte consistente e adequado às necessidades do gerenciamento dos custos de produção de edificações.
This thesis develops a method that helps experts arrive at unit price items for buildings. It is based on the consideration of a unit price item net as the logical way to deal with the huge amount of information associated to the estimating process. The preliminary bibliography review and an exploratory study showed the accuracy of the authors initial concerns. The method developed was based upon former productivity studies and was applied in the production of unit price items net for Caixa Econômica Federal, a public building construction financial company. Such experience showed not only that the method was feasible but also pointed out some improvements that should be made, leading to the method presented in the thesis. Finally, it can be said the method used to develop unit price item nets can help allocate and deal with information about construction costs; it solved several problems indicated by literature, improving compositions in terms of precision, and of support to cost management in the building construction area.
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Sahin, Sanem. "The discursive construction of national identity by the newspapers in North Cyprus." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2008. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/917y9/the-discursive-construction-of-national-identity-by-the-newspapers-in-north-cyprus.

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The research investigates the discursive construction of a Turkish Cypriot national identity by the newspapers in North Cyprus. The aim is to discover the representation and reconstruction processes of national identity within the press and examine the various practices employed to mobilise readers around certain national imaginings. Therefore, as well as examining the changing concepts of Turkish Cypriot identity throughout history, it focuses on how these concepts have been moulded through the Turkish Cypriot media. Highlighting historical, political, economic and cultural factors, which contributed to shaping national identities, the study locates the Turkish Cypriot media within these relations to offer an understanding of the media environment in which the news texts are produced. Using Critical Discourse Analysis, in particular the discourse-historical approach, the research analyses ongoing transformations in the definition of self and 'other' and the linguistic construction and reproduction of national identity in the news discourses. Focusing on three significant events that occupied the public and media agenda within the last decade, the news discourses are studied based on their content, strategies used in the production of national identity and the linguistic means employed in the process. With this, the nationalist tendencies embedded in news discourses as well as discriminatory and exclusive practices are sought out. Finally, the study discusses the findings such as the conceptualisation of Turkish Cypriot identity showed variations in time, the newspapers did not diverge from the universe of official discourse and rarely challenged the nationalist discourses. Yet, the newspapers had differences mainly based on their stance to the Cyprus issue and their definition of national interest and identity. The conclusions that arise from the research, one of which is a suggestion for further research, are debated in the study.
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Books on the topic "Item construction"

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Rudner, Lawrence M. Item banking. [Washington, DC]: Catholic University of America, Dept. of Educations, ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation, 1998.

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Raymond, Mark R. Guide to test item development. Kansas City, Mo. (2420 Pershing Rd., Kansas City 64108): American Nurses' Association, 1986.

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Wan Ilias Bin Wan Salleh. Item banking for test construction in Malaysian schools. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1997.

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Reese, Lynda M. Impact of local item dependence on item response theory scoring in CAT. Newtown, PA: Law School Admission Council, 1999.

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Cattell, David. Construction item pricing: For more profit and less risk. Claremont, South Africa: UCT Press, 2012.

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Reese, Lynda M. Impact of local item dependence on true-score equating. Newtown, PA: Law School Admission Council, 1999.

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Belov, Dmitry. A stochastic search for test assembly, item pool analysis, and design. Newtown, PA: Law School Admission Council, 2006.

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Wim J. van der Linden. A comparison of item-selection methods for adaptive tests with content constraints. Newtown, PA: Law School Admission Council, 2005.

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President's line-item veto action on fiscal year 1998 defense and military construction appropriation bills. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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Chen, Shu-Ying. Exploring the relationship between item exposure rate and test overlap rate in computerized adaptive testing. Iowa City, Iowa: ACT, Inc., 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Item construction"

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Hambleton, Ronald K., and Hariharan Swaminathan. "Construction of Tests." In Item Response Theory, 225–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1988-9_11.

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Timminga, Ellen, and Jos J. Adema. "Test Construction from Item Banks." In Rasch Models, 111–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4230-7_7.

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Tamm, Nina, Janine Devine, and Matthias Rose. "Item generation and construction of questionnaires." In Perceived Health and Adaptation in Chronic Disease, 109–31. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315155074-9.

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Venkateswara Rao, P., D. Srinivasa Rao, and V. Sucharita. "Frequent Item-Set Mining Using Lexicographical Sequential Tree Construction on Map Reduce Framework." In Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems, 135–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46939-9_12.

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Gilliam, David A., and Kevin E. Voss. "Causes and Control of Vagueness in Construct Definition and Item Construction: An Abstract." In Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, 223–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99181-8_65.

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Osterlind, Steven J. "Judging the Quality of Test Items: Item Analysis." In Constructing Test Items, 259–310. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1071-3_7.

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Lin, Sieh-Hwa, Pei-Jung Hsieh, and Li-Chuan Wu. "Construction and Evaluation of an Item Bank for an Introductory Statistics Class: A Pilot Study." In Pacific Rim Objective Measurement Symposium (PROMS) 2012 Conference Proceeding, 109–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37592-7_8.

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Abbey, Lester. "Construction Items." In Highways: An Architectural Approach, 221–31. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6515-0_18.

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Osterlind, Steven J. "What Is Constructing Test Items?" In Constructing Test Items, 1–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1071-3_1.

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Osterlind, Steven J. "Definition, Purpose, and Characteristics of Items." In Constructing Test Items, 17–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1071-3_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Item construction"

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Azzopardi, Leif, and Maarten de Rijke. "Automatic construction of known-item finding test beds." In the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1148170.1148276.

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Wang, Liming. "Construction on Item Bank of Listening Comprehension for College Japanese Four-grade Examination." In 3rd International Conference on Management Science, Education Technology, Arts, Social Science and Economics. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/msetasse-15.2015.210.

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Botta, Emanuela. "Verification of the measuring properties and content validity of a computer based MST test for the estimation of mathematics skills in Grade 10." In Seventh International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head21.2021.13046.

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The research is aimed at the construction of a multi-level adaptive test (MST), for the evaluation of the mathematical skills of Italian students of Grade 10, and was carried out in collaboration with Invalsi for a PhD study of "La Sapienza" University of Rome. The research started from the definition of the construct to be measured, taking into account both national and international references. A specific item bank was then built. The test was administered to a sample of 4132 students. The experiment confirmed the advantages of an MST model. Interesting results emerged by comparing the adaptive part of the main paths with a linear tests consisting of the same number of items and administered to a sample of pre-test students and comparing the MST test with a simulated linear test, built on the same item bank and with the same numer of item of MST test.
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Peng Lu, Dongfeng Shao, and Zhaojun Yu. "The studies of travelling construction risk management on QHD's Happy Ocean Park extended item." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Science and Service System (CSSS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csss.2011.5974758.

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Mei, Zhang, Shan Yan, and Chen Man. "Construction of Medical Information Retrieval Network Item Bank Based on Blackboard Network Teaching Platform." In 2013 Fifth International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences (ICCIS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccis.2013.111.

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Lee, Chang-Shing, Mei-Hui Wang, Koun-Hong Lin, Sheng-Chi Yang, and Ting-Tzu Lin. "Genetic fuzzy markup language-based item response theory agent for online self-learning platform construction." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2016.7737806.

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Hepworth, Stephen, Rob Way, and Jonathan Sharpe. "Critical Evaluation on the Use of Non-Destructive Assay of Nuclear Packages Through Destructive Breakdown and Inventory Recovery." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16081.

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Two historic waste packages on the Sellafield Site with potentially high fissile content were destined for re-packaging. Prior to relocation and subsequent breakdown, each item underwent a campaign of non-destructive assay. The aim of the assay was to gather information that would assist with the production of a safety case. The assay work consisted of: conventional x-ray radiography to determine the identity of the contents; gamma imaging and three-dimensional tomographic re-construction to determine the location of the gamma emitting material; and neutron coincidence counting coupled with gamma spectrometry to assign a fissile mass. Most items on the Sellafield Site that undergo non-destructive assay normally remain intact or are re-packaged with minimal interference of the content. However, in this instance each item was dismantled and the fissile material recovered. This paper provides a comparison of the measured results with the actual results for each technique. The x-ray radiographic information was used to construct a three dimensional representation of the contents of each item. This information was useful in identifying the plant items contained within. The results were discussed with plant operators who were familiar with the historic plant. The operators were able to identify areas of likely accumulations of fissile material. The two-dimensional gamma survey and subsequent threedimensional re-construction revealed the location of the gamma emitting materials within the packages. It was assumed that areas of increased gamma activity indicated areas of increased fissile mass. The neutron coincidence counting, gamma measurements and subsequent modelling provided an estimate of fissile mass for each item. The fissile mass estimate is an essential component of the safety case planning. However, it does not provide all of the information required to plan an ALARP breakdown strategy. The combination of the information gathered through assay was essential to construct a safety case that considered: transport requirements; criticality risk; dose to operator and breakdown methodology. Subsequent studies suggest that improved combination of the data acquired from the assay programme and more post-assay discussion of the specific issues and implications between the various stakeholder groups (e.g. assay engineers and safety case authors) may have led to a fissile mass result with lower uncertainties, which given a more favourable example would have resulted in a significant cost savings through reduced criticality assessment burden and mitigation actions and reduced security control.
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Akanbi, Temitope, Jiansong Zhang, and Yong-Cheol Lee. "Automated Item Matching and Pricing (IMP) for Wood Building Elements to Support BIM-Based Wood Construction Cost Estimation." In ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering 2019. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482421.051.

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Chen, Ze, and Hong Ke. "Research on Adjustment in Contract Sum Caused by Item Characteristic Discrepancy - Code of Bills of Quantities And Valuation for Construction Works 2013." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Education Technology, Management and Humanities Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/etmhs-16.2016.35.

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Endresen, A. A., V. A. Zhukova, D. D. Mordashova, E. V. Rakhilina, and O. N. Lyashevskaya. "THE RUSSIAN CONSTRUCTICON: A NEW LINGUISTIC RESOURCE, ITS DESIGN AND KEY CHARACTERISTICS." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-241-255.

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We present a new open-access electronic resource named the Russian Constructicon that offers a searchable database of Russian constructions accompanied by descriptions of their properties and illustrated with corpus examples. The project was carried out over the period 2016–2020 and at present contains an inventory of over 2200 multi-word constructions of Contemporary Standard Russian. We prioritize “partially schematic” constructions that lie between the two extremes of fully compositional syntactic sequences on the one hand and fully idiomatic (phraseological) expressions on the other hand. Constructions of this type are difficult to account for in terms of either lexicon or grammar alone, and are often underrepresented in reference works of Russian. A typical construction in our database contains a fixed part (anchor words) and an open slot that can be filled with a restricted set of lexemes. In this paper we first focus on key characteristics of this resource that make it different from existing constructicons of other languages. Second, we describe how the new interface will be designed and how it will serve the needs of both linguists and L2 learners of Russian. In particular, we discuss various search possibilities relevant for different users and those parameters that are available for specifying the retrieval output. An example of an entry is given to show how the information about each construction is structured and presented. Third, we provide an overview of our multi-level semantic classification of constructions. We argue that our system of semantic and syntactic tags subdivides our items into meaningful classes and smaller groups and eventually facilitates the identification of constructional families and clusters. This methodology works well in turning the initial list of constructions as unrelated units into a structured network and makes it possible to refine and expand the collected inventory of constructions in a systematic way.
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Reports on the topic "Item construction"

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Tatsuoka, Kikumi K. Item Construction and Psychometric Models Appropriate for Constructed Responses. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada241600.

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Budescu, David V., Yoav Cohen, and Anat Ben-Simon. A Revised Modified Parallel Analysis (RMPA) for the Construction of Unidimensional Item Pools. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada269699.

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Hunter, M. R. Construction project data sheet for the environmental, safety and health upgrades: Phase 3 Program FY 1991 line item. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/115623.

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Yeum, Chul Min, Anup Mohan, Shirley J. Dyke, Mohammad Jahanshahi, Jongseong Choi, Ziyi Zhao, Ali Lenjani, and Julio A. Ramirez. Image-Based Collection and Measurements for Construction Pay Items. Purdue University, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316510.

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Goodwin, R. C., Rebecca E. Bruce, Lawrence L. Hewitt, and E. J. Harris. Cultural Resources Survey of Three Iberville Parish Levee Enlargement and Revetment Construction Items. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada273065.

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Geisthardt, Eric, Burton Suedel, and John Janssen. Monitoring the Milwaukee Harbor breakwater : an Engineering With Nature® (EWN®) demonstration project. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40022.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) maintains breakwaters in Milwaukee Harbor. USACE’s Engineering With Nature® (EWN®) breakwater demonstration project created rocky aquatic habitat with cobbles (10–20 cm) covering boulders (6–8 metric tons) along a 152 m section. A prolific population of Hemimysis anomala, an introduced Pontocaspian mysid and important food source for local pelagic fishes, was significantly (p < .05) more abundant on cobbles versus boulders. Food-habits data of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) provided evidence that H. anomala were a common prey item. Night surveys and gill netting confirmed O. mordax preferred foraging on the cobbles (p < .05) and consumed more H. anomala than at the reference site (p < .05). H. anomala comprised a significant portion of the diets of young-of-the-year (YOY) yellow perch (Perca flavescens), YOY largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and juvenile rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) caught on the breakwater. The natural features’ construction on the breakwater increased the available habitat for this benthopelagic macroinvertebrate and created a novel ecosystem benefiting forage fish and a nursery habitat benefiting nearshore game fish juveniles. These data will encourage the application of EWN concepts during structural repairs at other built navigation infrastructure.
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Shannon, George W., Goodwin Jr., Hewitt R. C., and Lawrence L. Cultural Resources Survey of St. John the Baptist, St. Charles, and Jefferson Parishes Construction Items. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada319890.

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Markowski, Adria E. Live, Virtual, Constructive Integrating Architecture (LVC IA) Integrated Training Environment (ITE) Pre-Fielding User Assessment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1008554.

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LLNL line-item construction projects Master Site Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/220568.

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