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Journal articles on the topic 'Iter copulae'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

McWhorter, John. "NI and the Copula System in Swahili." Diachronica 9, no. 1 (1992): 15–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.9.1.03mcw.

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SUMMARY The copula in present-day Swahili is primarily expressed with the non-variant item ni in all persons. Historical documents show that the copula situation was markedly different as recently as two centuries ago. There was a full verb -li "to be" which was used only with locative sentences, while in equa-tional sentences there was no expressed copula. M existed only as a focus particle of free syntactic movement, and also as a diachronically related clause-initial presentative morpheme. This paper traces the evolution of this system into that of the present day, in which presentative ni

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2

Bassong, Paul Roger. "Regular and copular fragments in Basaá." Linguistics 57, no. 5 (2019): 915–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2019-0024.

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Abstract The aim of this Article is to propose that fragment answers in Basaá (Bantu) derive from two different sources, namely, a regular source and a copular source. Regular fragments are those that are derived by movement of a Negative Polarity Item (NPI) or a CP complement to the left periphery of the clause followed by clausal ellipsis (Merchant 2004 and related work). Conversely, copular fragments involve a biclausal structure whereby the focalized fragment, no matter the syntactic function it fulfills in clause structure, finally ends up being the subject of the null verbal copula of th

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3

Mikulskas, Rolandas. "Paths of grammaticalization of the Lithuanian copula VIRSTI ‘turn into’: The case of the inclusive copular constructions." Lietuvių kalba, no. 13 (December 20, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2019.22491.

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In this article I aim to establish source constructions for the inclusive copular construction with the verb virsti ‘turn into’ and to discuss how this once locomotional verb eventually became a copula with an aspectual function in the sentences profiling change events. The research is conducted on the base of data provided by the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language. As I argued in Mikulskas (2018), the copular construction with this verb along with other copular constructions featuring verbs with similar meaning, such as tapti ‘become’, darytis/pasidaryti ‘become’ (lit. ‘make oneself’) and,

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4

Nikoloulopoulos, Aristidis K., and Harry Joe. "Factor Copula Models for Item Response Data." Psychometrika 80, no. 1 (2013): 126–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11336-013-9387-4.

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5

Kagan, Olga. "Predicate Nominal Sentences with the Hebrew ze and Its Russian Counterpart eto." Journal of Jewish Languages 3, no. 1-2 (2015): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134638-12340043.

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The article is devoted to Hebrew predicate nominal sentences in which the lexical item ze fulfills a copula-like function. A hypothesis is put forward according to which the demonstrative ze has acquired its new function under the influence of Slavic contact languages.

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6

ZYZIK, EVE, and SUSAN GASS. "Epilogue: A tale of two copulas." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 11, no. 3 (2008): 383–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728908003611.

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The five papers in this issue cover a range of perspectives on the acquisition and use of the Spanish copulasserandestarin a variety of contexts, including language contact, bilingual language acquisition, and classroom second language learning. The fact that these papers cite work in this area as far back as the early part of the 20th century with each subsequent decade being represented suggests the continual importance and complexity of the distinction between the two copular forms and shows how this complexity is played out in acquisition and bilingual use. Over the past century different

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7

Kiyama, Naoki. "When tense meets constructional meaning." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 4, no. 2 (2017): 273–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00005.kiy.

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Abstract Construction Grammar, one of the major frameworks in Cognitive Linguistics, has been successful in providing accounts of a wide range of empirical data. The approach has recently placed great emphasis on low-level generalizations, and some studies have argued that a constructional meaning is often associated only with a specific lexical item. Therefore, by investigating in detail the form [copula be + Adj. + enough + to-infinitive], the present study proposes that the combinatorial potential of the intensifier enough and the derived constructional meanings are sensitive to tense, thus

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8

Merchant, Jason, and Natalia Pavlou. "The morphosyntax of the periphrastic future under negation in Cypriot Greek." Journal of Greek Linguistics 17, no. 2 (2017): 233–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15699846-01702005.

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In Cypriot Greek, the negated future is marked by the element tha, which appears instead of the expected present tense copula and a selected subordinating element. This paper documents the distribution of this item for the first time, and presents an analysis in Distributed Morphology that analyzes tha as a portmanteau morpheme realizing two heads in the context of negation. This analysis requires that spans (or targets of Fusion) can include a verb and the head of its C complement.

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9

Biemans, Ynte, Daimy Bach, Pariya Behrouzi, et al. "Identifying the relation between food groups and biological ageing: a data-driven approach." Age and Ageing 53, Supplement_2 (2024): ii20—ii29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afae038.

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Abstract Background Heterogeneity in ageing rates drives the need for research into lifestyle secrets of successful agers. Biological age, predicted by epigenetic clocks, has been shown to be a more reliable measure of ageing than chronological age. Dietary habits are known to affect the ageing process. However, much remains to be learnt about specific dietary habits that may directly affect the biological process of ageing. Objective To identify food groups that are directly related to biological ageing, using Copula Graphical Models. Methods We performed a preregistered analysis of 3,990 pos

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10

Hernández-Alava, Mónica, and Stephen Pudney. "Eq5Dmap: A Command for Mapping between EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 18, no. 2 (2018): 395–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x1801800207.

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In this article, we describe a new command, eq5dmap, for conditional prediction of the utility values of EQ-5D-5L (EQ-5D-3L) from observed or specified values of EQ-5D-3L (EQ-5D-5L) conditional on age and gender. Predictions can be made either from the five-item health descriptions or from the (exact or approximate) utility score. The prediction process is based on a joint statistical model of the two variants of EQ-5D that have been fit to alternative reference datasets (the National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases and a EuroQol Group coordinated data-collection study). The underlying model

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11

MUNARO, NICOLA. "Verbless predicative structures across Romance." Journal of Linguistics 52, no. 3 (2015): 609–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226715000201.

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This article develops an analysis of a verbless predicative structure attested throughout Romance: in this type of reduced clause the predicate linearly precedes the subject and is separated from it by a clear intonational break, while the missing verb is interpreted as a silent copula. I argue that this structure should be viewed as the result of three movement steps: the first step is to be identified with predicate inversion, that is, extraction of the predicate from the complement position of the predicative small clause to a higher specifier position thanks to phase extension, followed by

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12

Kadhem, Sayed H., and Aristidis K. Nikoloulopoulos. "Bi-factor and Second-Order Copula Models for Item Response Data." Psychometrika, November 21, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11336-022-09894-2.

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AbstractBi-factor and second-order models based on copulas are proposed for item response data, where the items are sampled from identified subdomains of some larger domain such that there is a homogeneous dependence within each domain. Our general models include the Gaussian bi-factor and second-order models as special cases and can lead to more probability in the joint upper or lower tail compared with the Gaussian bi-factor and second-order models. Details on maximum likelihood estimation of parameters for the bi-factor and second-order copula models are given, as well as model selection an

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13

Kadhem, Sayed H., and Aristidis K. Nikoloulopoulos. "Factor Tree Copula Models for Item Response Data." Psychometrika, June 1, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11336-023-09917-6.

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AbstractFactor copula models for item response data are more interpretable and fit better than (truncated) vine copula models when dependence can be explained through latent variables, but are not robust to violations of conditional independence. To circumvent these issues, truncated vines and factor copula models for item response data are joined to define a combined model, the so-called factor tree copula model, with individual benefits from each of the two approaches. Rather than adding factors and causing computational problems and difficulties in interpretation and identification, a trunc

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14

Brida, Juan Gabriel, Bibiana Lanzilotta, Leonardo Moreno, and Florencia Santiñaque. "A Multivariate Prediction Copula Model to Characterize the Expenditure Categories in Tourism." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, November 23, 2020, 109634802097326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348020973266.

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The aim of this article is to introduce a multivariate statistical model that represents the expenditure of tourists disaggregated by categories. The model is applied to study the distribution of the expenditure of cruise passengers in Uruguay, using data of the 2016-2017 cruise season survey (collected by the Ministry of Tourism). Given the mixed distribution in each component of the main variable, the model is implemented in two stages and using copulas to obtain a conditional distribution of the different items of expenditure, characterizing the dependence between them. The empirical result

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15

Foltran, Maria José, and Marília Costa Pessanha. "O valor aspectual das cópulas ser e estar seguidas de sintagma preposicionado." Revista Letra 9, no. 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.17074/1806-5333.2014v9n1p111.

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Este trabalho investiga como se relacionam as cópulas do português, ser e estar, com o sintagma preposicionado que as seguem, quando este é nucleado pela preposição <strong>de.</strong> A hipótese para a distribuição copular adotada neste trabalho parte de Zagona (2012) e Schmitt (2005), entre outros autores, que contemplam a morfossintaxe e a composição aspectual dos eventos nos predicados em questão. Isto é, estar é a cópula marcada para ancoragem temporal-espacial e ser é a cópula default, sem restrições quanto ao tipo de predicado. A análise dessas autoras encontra um limite em

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16

Schultze-Berndt, Eva, and Dina El Zarka. "The semantics of Moroccan Arabic dar ‘do’ in typological perspective." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 65, no. 4 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2012.0027.

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AbstractThis paper is a case study in the exploration of the semantic range of single a high-frequency lexical item on the basis of a corpus of spoken language, in this case Moroccan Arabic. Generalised action verbs (‘do’ verbs) are an interesting object of study because cross-linguistically, they can exhibit a wide range of functions including that of causative verb, verb of creation, verb in agentive collocations, verbaliser with loan words and mimetic expressions, quotative verb, and even a copula-like use with property predicates (Schultze-Berndt 2008). Against this typological background,

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17

Calsavara, Vinicius F., Márcio A. Diniz, Mourad Tighiouart, et al. "Simulation study comparing analytical methods for single-item longitudinal patient-reported outcomes data." Quality of Life Research, October 17, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-022-03267-z.

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Abstract Purpose Efficient analytical methods are necessary to make reproducible inferences on single-item longitudinal ordinal patient-reported outcome (PRO) data. A thorough simulation study was performed to compare the performance of the semiparametric probabilistic index models (PIM) with a longitudinal analysis using parametric cumulative logit mixed models (CLMM). Methods In the setting of a control and intervention arm, we compared the power of the PIM and CLMM to detect differences in PRO adverse event (AE) between these groups using several existing and novel summary scores of PROs. F

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18

Gatlin-Nash, Brandy, Elizabeth D. Peña, Lisa M. Bedore, Gabriela Simon-Cereijido, and Aquiles Iglesias. "English BESA Morphosyntax Performance Among Spanish–English Bilinguals Who Use African American English." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, September 14, 2021, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00737.

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Purpose This study examined the use of African American English (AAE) among a group of young Latinx bilingual children and the accuracy of the English Morphosyntax subtest of the Bilingual English–Spanish Assessment (BESA) in classifying these children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD). Method Children ( N = 81) between the ages of 4;0 and 7;1 (years;months) completed a narrative task and the BESA Morphosyntax subtest. We identified DLD based on four reference measures. We compared specific dialectal features used by children with DLD and their typically developing peers.

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19

Ip, Ryan H. L., and K. Y. K. Wu. "A mixture distribution for modelling bivariate ordinal data." Statistical Papers, May 20, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00362-024-01560-2.

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AbstractOrdinal responses often arise from surveys which require respondents to rate items on a Likert scale. Since most surveys contain more than one question, the data collected are multivariate in nature, and the associations between different survey items are usually of considerable interest. In this paper, we focus on a mixture distribution, called the combination of uniform and binomial (CUB), under which each response is assumed to originate from either the respondent’s uncertainty or the actual feeling towards the survey item. We extend the CUB model to the bivariate case for modelling

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20

Scholfield, Simon Astley. "A Poetic End." M/C Journal 2, no. 8 (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1806.

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Sphincter I hope my good old asshole holds out 60 years it's been mostly OK Tho in Bolivia a fissure operation survived the altiplano hospital -- a little blood, no polyps, occasionally a small hemorrhoid active, eager, receptive to phallus coke bottle, candle, carrot banana & fingers -- Now AIDS makes it shy, but still eager to serve -- out with the dumps, in with the condom'd orgasmic friend -- still rubbery muscular, unashamed wide open for joy But another 20 years who knows, old folks got troubles everywhere -- necks, prostates, stomachs, joints -- Hope the old hole stays young till de

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