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Journal articles on the topic 'ITIL Methodology'
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1
Blumberg, Malcolm, Aileen Cater-Steel, Mohammad Mehdi Rajaeian, and Jeffrey Soar. "Effective organisational change to achieve successful ITIL implementation." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 32, no. 3 (June 4, 2019): 496–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-06-2018-0117.
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Purpose Although an increasing number of organisations implement the Information Technology Infrastructure Library® (ITIL®) with the aim to improve provision of information technology services to their customers, a significant number of ITIL implementations do not achieve the expected outcomes. The organisational change strategies of organisations during ITIL implementation initiatives may have an effect on success, but empirical research on this topic is scarce. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A multiple case study methodology comprising successful ITIL implementations in eight large Australian organisations is used. A socio-technical systems approach represented by Leavitt’s Diamond is adopted as a lens to shed light on the attributes of effective organisational change strategies for successful ITIL implementation. Findings This paper identifies organisational change strategies employed by organisations that have effected a successful ITIL implementation. The authors identified that the ITIL implementation required changes to the four components of the socio-technical work system (STS) identified in Leavitt’s Diamond. Changes to one STS component affected other STS components when implementing ITIL; and that effort applied to the STS components did not need to be equal, but appropriate to the requirements of the ITIL implementation and the organisation. Research limitations/implications The sample size of eight ITIL implementation cases studied may limit the generalisation of findings. Practical implications This research provides IT service management researchers and ITIL practitioners, for the first time, information about organisational change strategies as applied to successful ITIL implementations. Originality/value This research has developed novel insights into organisational change strategies and ITIL implementation that had not previously been explored.
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Rubio Sánchez, Juan Luis. "Optimization Algorithm to Sequence the Management Processes in Information Technology Departments." Computation 9, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation9050060.
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The most important standard in technology services management is the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL). The literature review developed shows that one of the most important questions to answer is finding the sequence of processes to be implemented, mainly in small companies with few resources. The purpose of this paper is to show a methodology that defines an optimal specific sequence of processes for each small company depending on internal and external parameters. The main contribution of this paper is a proven methodology to obtain a particular sequence of ITIL processes specifically adapted to each company, based on a mathematical and statistical model that uses data from a web survey. Its application generates an optimal sequence of ITIL processes. The methodology has been applied with successful results in a real case, and it shows specific benefits over the previous approaches. The main learning objective of this research is a proven method to obtain an optimal sequence of processes for the implementation of ITIL in small companies. Finally, some future works are presented.
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AB, Mutiara, Prihandoko, Prasetyo E, and Widya C. "Analyzing COBIT 5 IT Audit Framework Implementation using AHP Methodology." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 1, no. 2 (April 17, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.1.2.18.
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COBIT has been known as the best practice standard in IT Governance, both in management or evaluated of the IT utilization. The role of IT Audit framework to evaluate the benefits of Information Technology in an enterprise either its gain benefits or fail in order to achieved the business objective. In Indonesia, most organization has been implemented the IT as their main support of process business, and deliberately conduct the evaluation of the implementation used some IT Audit framework such as ITIL, TOGAF, COBIT and other Government rule. Those frameworks have been known as an IT governance framework, most of organizations are choosing COBIT and ITIL due to the internal control issues. Therefore, this research will be focus on COBIT 5 utilization as an IT audit frameworks, a comparison also will be done between the COBIT 5 and ITIL. The comprehensive parameters in COBIT 5 which provides 5 category process in two domain, management and control will be the variables of prioritizing process among them for each object. This paper will analyze the use of those parameters for some selected organization and prioritize them using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology that will lead to create a new model of IT Audit frameworks based on the user requirement and opinion. the analyzing process the implementation of COBIT 5 framework in some organizations, and priorities the preferred attributes of COBIT 5 that very likely and suitable to the culture and needs of user in Indonesia using AHP Methodology, and create the best qualified model of IT Audit that fit with the requirements of the organizations especially for Indonesia organizations and companies.
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Rubio, Juan Luis, and Magdalena Arcilla. "How to Optimize the Implementation of ITIL through a Process Ordering Algorithm." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010034.
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One of the main points when implementing the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is which order the processes must be implemented. In the systematic literature review (SLR) developed, it is possible to find references about strategies and factors that ease the implementation of the ITIL, static sequences for the processes to be implemented, and recommendations about the first process to implement, but it is rather complicated to find references that explicitly define the order (adapted to a specific company) of the processes to be implemented. Thus, once it is shown that there is no methodology/algorithm providing a sequence of ITIL processes specifically adapted for each company, an algorithm to solve this problem is presented: The algorithm has a deep mathematical basis and returns a sequence of ITIL processes to optimize the efforts during implementation, so the company implementing the ITIL gets the closest to the competitors. The optimization is made considering parameters such as staff, age of the company, IT size, industry, etc. Thus, the sequence proposed is specific for each company. Finally, a comparative of the sequence obtained (from the proposed algorithm) with sequences discovered in the SLR is presented and applied to a real case.
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Kastelic, Miha, and Peter Peer. "Managing IT Services: Aligning Best Practice with a Quality Method." Organizacija 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10051-012-0004-6.
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Managing IT Services: Aligning Best Practice with a Quality MethodManaging information technology services is becoming an increasingly difficult task. To support the management of IT services, different standards and methodologies have been developed. ITIL (short for IT Infrastructure Library) is the most commonly used best practice approach to effective IT Service Management to date. ITIL focuses primarily on what to do in order to ensure value of IT services, but it does not explain how to achieve this effectively. This shortcoming can be overcome by complementing the framework with other quality approaches to service management. In this context several methodologies are mentioned including the use of Six Sigma (6s) methodology. The statistical nature of the Six Sigma methodology enables us to analyze the vast amount of data gathered from the field of IT. Only after these value-based metrics are obtained can the overall health of the IT service be determined and the necessary improvement measures made. The aim of this paper is to analyze in detail the two approaches. We will establish a common link between them, with it the opportunity to complement ITIL with the Six Sigma methodology, and consequently set foundations for introduction of necessary measurable changes.
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Mussa, Munir de Sá, Renata Gomes Cordeiro, and Henrique Da Hora. "Attributes of IT certifications aligned to organizations’ needs." Journal of Modelling in Management 16, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 506–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-02-2019-0031.
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Purpose An area of information technology (IT) in organizations is required to manage resources efficiently. For this, IT certifications are adopted by companies and sought by professionals. However, these have many requirements and to identify which are paramount to the performance of their activities and/or are much more important to IT managers is not a trivial task. The purpose of this study is to identify how the processes of the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) v3 and Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (CobiT) 5 certifications are analyzed by IT managers. Regarding the knowledge of professionals about the processes, which are more important, less important or indifferent in the manager’s view. Design/methodology/approach A survey is carried out with IT managers using questions elaborated according to the Kano model in which the processes of the analyzed certifications are related to classify according to the proposed model. Findings Of the 64 analyzed processes, 20 CobiT processes and 13 ITIL processes were classified as must-be requirements. Another 17 CobiT processes and 9 ITIL processes were classified as one-dimensional and 5 ITIL processes are present in more than one relationship with CobiT processes and, depending on the relationship, they were classified as must-be or one-dimensional requirements. Originality/value It is concluded that this study contributes in the discussion of the importance of the ITIL and CobiT implementations and analyzes the relevance of ITIL and CobiT certification processes in the view of IT managers, providing useful information for the professionals in terms of prioritization of the processes expected by the managers.
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Dayal, Rasbihari, V. Vijayakumar, Rahul Chandra Kushwaha, Abhishek Kumar, V. D. Ambeth Kumar, and Ankit Kumar. "A cognitive model for adopting ITIL framework to improve IT services in Indian IT industries." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 6 (December 4, 2020): 8091–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-189131.
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This research paper presents a cognitive model which manages to minimize the issues of the Information Technology Infrastructure by incorporation of service management practices. The importance of this research is that this model can be replicated in other companies for the distribution of products that wish to implement improvements in their management process technological services. This work introduces the use of Information Technology Infrastructure Library or ITIL as best practice, essential methodologies for IT Management, historical evolution, methodology, service life cycle, and ITIL certifications. Service automation is widely regarded as the usefulness and improves service guarantee. One of the most useful features of automation services is that the process will run the same way every time. Such precision in the execution of repetitive executions is virtually impossible when it comes to human labor. Therefore, the automation is the best way to improve the efficiency of the service provider and the next steps of the process.
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Anunciação, Pedro Fernandes, and Nuno Santos Geada. "Change Management Perceptions in Portuguese Hospital Institutions Through ITIL." International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 16, no. 4 (October 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhisi.20211001.oa18.
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Organizations function in complex, dynamic and unpredictable environments. Implementing changes must therefore be well planned, managed, and evaluated as such ongoing efforts link organizational performance to peer competitiveness and sustainability. In an era challenged with technological innovations, it is crucial to understand how new changes can leverage traditional methodologies and services supported by information and technology systems. As information-intensive organizations such as hospitals are highly dependent on changing information and technological systems, this understanding is key to evolve next generation hospitals. Specifically, this study analyzes how hospital managers in Portugal relate change to information systems’ management based on Information Technology Infrastructure Library methodology. The relationship between change and information technologies services is not sufficiently clarified and constitutes an excellent opportunity to increase knowledge in the field of information systems.
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Rubio Sánchez, Juan Luis. "Methodology to Improve Services in Small IT Centers: Application to Educational Centers." Computers 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers10010008.
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Educational centers (schools, academies, high schools, etc.) are usually small companies, which make them special in terms of management. The management of IT services is far from standard and based in home solutions. The disadvantage of this approach is clear, as it happened during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The solution to properly managing IT services is based on the use of the ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library). The question is how to apply this standard that only defines the processes to implement, but does not describe the way or the order to implement them. In this article it is shown which IT processes are really needed in any educational center and the order in which they should be implemented. The method used consists of fulfilling a knowledge database with extensive information from schools, academies, and other educational centers. After that, an existing optimization model is adopted and a representative learning center is defined, which is used to propose the IT processes sequence; finally, a set of optimal IT processes and the order to implement them is defined. These ordered processes optimize the quality of IT for learning services. The main result is an ordered set of IT processes that best fit the needs of IT departments in small educational centers.
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Aguiar, João, Ruben Pereira, José Braga Vasconcelos, and Isaias Bianchi. "An Overlapless Incident Management Maturity Model for Multi-Framework Assessment (ITIL, COBIT, CMMI-SVC)." Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management 13 (2018): 137–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4083.
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Aim/Purpose: This research aims to develop an information technology (IT) maturity model for incident management (IM) process that merges the most known IT frameworks’ practices. Our proposal intends to help organizations overcome the current limitations of multiframework implementation by informing organizations about frameworks’ overlap before their implementation. Background: By previously identifying frameworks’ overlaps it will assist organizations during the multi-framework implementation in order to save resources (human and/or financial). Methodology: The research methodology used is design science research (DSR). Plus, the authors applied semi-structured interviews in seven different organizations to demonstrate and evaluate the proposal. Contribution: This research adds a new and innovative artefact to the body of knowledge. Findings: The proposed maturity model is seen by the practitioners as complete and useful. Plus, this research also reinforces the frameworks’ overlap issue and concludes that some organizations are unaware of their actual IM maturity level; some organizations are unaware that they have implemented practices of other frameworks besides the one that was officially adopted. Recommendations for Practitioners: Practitioners may use this maturity model to assess their IM maturity level before multi-framework implementation. Moreover, practitioners are also incentivized to communicate further requirements to academics regarding multi-framework assessment maturity models. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers may explore and develop multi-frameworks maturity models for the remaining processes of the main IT frameworks. Impact on Society: This research findings and outcomes are a step forward in the development of a unique overlapless maturity model covering the most known IT frameworks in the market thus helping organizations dealing with the increasing frameworks’ complexity and overlap. Future Research: Overlapless maturity models for the remaining IT framework processes should be explored.
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Yokkhun, Atcharaporn, and Borworn Papasratorn. "An IT Governance Framework for Virtual Enterprise in Tourism Industry: Evidence from Small Tourism Enterprises in Thailand." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 15, no. 03 (May 14, 2018): 1850023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877018500232.
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Information technology (IT) plays a significant role on a highly information-intensive industry like tourism industry globally and dramatically. Virtual enterprise (VE) concept is an innovation that enables small tourism enterprises (STEs) in developing countries to offer effective tourism services without large investment in IT. As STEs operate their VEs based on cloud-sourcing environment, STEs have to deal with IT risks that may affect the entire organization. As almost all STEs are found lacking in IT management experience, it is not effective to apply traditional IT governance frameworks, such as Control objectives for information and related technologies (COBIT), IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL), and International organization for standardization (ISO). This study proposes an IT governance framework for STEs operating in VE concept with cloud-sourcing environment. The methodology began with multiple-case study research via semi-structure interviews. Subjects are IT leaders from 10 STEs. IT governance framework for STEs was derived from the interview results, the framework consists of five IT governance areas: Strategy, Administration, Technology and Infrastructure, Supply, and Human Resource. This study also proposed performance assessment criteria for assessing IT governance performance. The proposed assessment criteria were integrated from relevance criteria in COBIT, ISO38500, ITIL, and previous research. STEs can adopt the proposed framework in their VEs to ensure the achievement of effectiveness and efficiency of their services in virtual environment. This will eventually guarantee their continued success in tourism services at present and in the future.
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Martín Clavo, David, Barbara Brugger, Nicole Cremel, Catherine Delamare, Isabel Fernandez Gonzalez, Eric Lienard, Reinoud Martens, et al. "Challenges, solutions and lessons learnt in 7 years of Service Management at CERN." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 08003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921408003.
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CERN has been using ITIL Service Management methodologies and ServiceNow since early 2011. Initially a joint project between just the Information Technology and the General Services Departments, now most of CERN is using this common methodology and tool, and all departments are represented totally or partially in the CERN Service Catalogue. We introduce a summary of the current situation of Service Management at CERN, as well as its recent evolution. We discuss service onboarding, user experience, and tool configuration, outlining the challenges faced, solutions adopted and some important lessons learnt. Some of the most important points relate to CERN’s common process and service catalogue, which have enabled scalability; hiding complexity from users in order to improve user experience; and the good practices to configure CERN’s Service Management application which have been learnt in the 8 years of the project. Finally, we present ongoing and future work, such as the upgrade of the CERN Service Portal and bringing even more new services board.
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Wulan, Vieqi Rakhma, and Agus Hermanto. "Sociopreneurship Business Incubator Design Based On Information Technology As an Innovative Solution for Enhancing Community Welfare." IJEBD (International Journal Of Entrepreneurship And Business Development) 2, no. 2 (March 30, 2019): 240–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/ijebd.v2i2.749.
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Purpose: This research aimed is to design a sociopreneurship (Social Entrepreneurship) business incubator system by integrating the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) features as a supporting tool in managing business incubator. With the sociopreneurship business incubator design is expected to help overcome social problems that occur in the community.
Design/methodology/approach: This research is a qualitative research using the Human Centered Design (HCD) method. The stages in this HCD method are Hear, Create and Delivery. However, because the purpose of this study is to design, the stages that are passed are up to the Create stage.
Findings: Based on the research, business incubators design were produced with 7 business fields, 5 service fields, 2 phases, namely co worker space and event space with details: 5 programs and activities in the co worker space phase and 2 programs and activities in the event space phase. Business incubator system also designed by integrating the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) features as a supporting tool in managing business incubator.
Research limitations/implications: This research is limited to the design so that the 3 stages of the HCD method are used only up to the second stage, namely the Create stage.
Practical implications: In this research, it seeks to accommodate the community's needs for a business field so that services and programs of business incubator can be obtained that are in accordance with the needs of the community. This study also seeks to present a business incubator that is tailored to the needs of the community so that the community does not only have economic independence but can be mutually transmitted and sustainable with other communities (sociopreneurship) and by utilizing information technology.
Originality/value: In this study the researchers collected, identified and interpreted the data that had been obtained. For this purpose, a literature review and approach to the HCD method are used through interview techniques by approaching the community and analyzing their needs in order to produce an analysis of results accordingly.
Paper type: Research paper
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Sensuse, Dana Indra, and Miftahul Maulana. "PERANCANGAN STRATEGIS SISTEM INFORMASI: STUDI KASUS DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PENYELENGGARAAN HAJI DAN UMRAH DEPARTEMEN AGAMA RI." Jurnal Sistem Informasi 7, no. 1 (July 15, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21609/jsi.v7i1.289.
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Pengembangan manajemen dan keorganisasian yang didukung dengan sistem informasi berbasis komputer merupakan instrumen strategis yang dibutuhkan dalam menghadapi era globalisasi pelayanan. Hal ini karena dukungan teknologi informasi dapat memudahkan pengambilan keputusan yang akurat, dapat dipercaya, cepat, dan ekonomis. Kebutuhan yang sama juga dialami oleh manajemen dan keorganisasian di lingkungan Departemen Agama, dan secara khusus Direktorat Penyelenggaraan Haji dan Umrah (Ditjen PHU). Sebagai contoh, pelaksanaan penyelenggaraan haji di Indonesia telah menggunakan perangkat pendukung sistem informasi berbasis komputer yang dikenal dengan Sistem Komputerisasi Haji Terpadu (SISKOHAT). Dengan mengamati tugas dan tanggung jawab serta ruang lingkup pekerjaan di lingkungan Ditjen PHU secara keseluruhan, maka kebutuhan yang mengarah pada perancangan strategis sistem informasi semakin mendesak. Penggunaan metodologi Ward and Peppard untuk mendapatkan perancangan strategis sistem informasi pada Ditjen PHU dengan mengombinasikan penggunaan metode analisis dari McFarlan dan standar yang dikeluarkan oleh Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) dalam pemetaan kondisi TI di lingkungan Ditjen PHU sehingga akan didapatkan pengelolaan TI Ditjen PHU menjadi selaras antara sistem informasi, infrastruktur, dan manajemen informasi. Management and organizational development are supported by computer-based information system is a strategic instrument needed in the era of globalization of services. This is because information technology support to facilitate decision making accurate, reliable, fast, and economical. The same requirement is also experienced by the management and organization in the Ministry of Religious Affairs, and in particular the Directorate of Operation of Hajj and Umrah (DG PHU). For example, the implementation of the hajj operation in Indonesia has been using the computer-based information systems support, known as Haji Integrated Computerized Systems (SISKOHAT). By observing the duties and responsibilities and the scope of work within the Directorate General of PHU as a whole, the need for a strategic lead to the design of information systems is increasingly urgent. Ward and Peppard use of the methodology for the strategic design of information systems at DG PHU by combining the use of methods of analysis of McFarlan and standards issued by the Information Technologi Infrastructure Library (ITIL) in IT in mapping environmental conditions that would be obtained PHU Directorate of IT management to be aligned DG PHU between information systems, infrastructure, and information management.
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Andrade López, Miguel. "Metodología de apoyo informático en la ejecución de auditoría gubernamental." Revista Científica y Tecnológica UPSE 3, no. 3 (December 23, 2016): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26423/rctu.v3i3.197.
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El presente trabajo propone una metodología para la ejecución de los apoyos informáticos que se realizan en las diferentes acciones de control en las entidades del sector público dentro del ámbito de control de la Delegación Provincial del Cañar de la Contraloría General del Estado. Para el desarrollo del trabajo realizado, se consideran los diferentes acuerdos y disposiciones vigentes por la Contraloría General del Estado y las normas de Control Interno emitidas en el año 2009, basadas en Marcos de Referencia Internacionales COBIT 4.1 e ITIL. A partir de la referencia del manual de Auditoria Gubernamental emitido por la misma Contraloría, y sus tres grandes fases: Planificación, Ejecución e Informe, se propone una metodología de 5 fases, pero a diferencia de los modelos tradicionales de Auditoria, dicha propuesta cuenta con una permanente comunicación de resultados, a fin de disminuir el impacto de los posibles hallazgos de carácter emergente, y proceder con soluciones inmediatas durante el tiempo asignado para la acción de control. En base de los resultados de las pruebas realizadas de la metodología propuesta, se ha verificado que se han cumplido de manera objetiva la tarea de auditoria, apoyando a la mejora de los servicios públicos soportados en Tecnología de Información y la implementación de nuevas aplicaciones en beneficio de la ciudadanía que utiliza estos servicios. Este modelo tiene la finalidad de ser aplicado en la provincia del Cañar y ser replicado a nivel Nacional en las diferentes Delegaciones Provinciales y Direcciones Regionales de la Contraloría General del Estado. AbstractThis paper proposes a methodologyfor the implementation of computer supports that are made in the various action of control in public sector entities within the scope of control of the Provincial Delegation of Cañar of General Comptroller. For development work, is considered the various agreements and regulations for the Comptroller General and Internal Control Standards issued in 200, based on the Framework of International COBIT 4.1 and ITIL. From the reference manual of Government Auditing issued by the Comptroller, define three phases: Planning, Implementation and Reporting, but the methodology proposed have 5-phase, different of traditional models of Audit, the proposal has ongoing communication of results, in order to lessen the impact of possible findings emerging nature, and proceed with immediate solutions during the time allotted for the control action. Based on the results of the tests of the proposed methodology, it has been verified that have been fulfilled objectively the task of auditing, supporting the improvement of public services supported in Information Technology and implementation of new applications benefit of citizens who use these services. This model aims deer be applied in the province of Cañar and be replicated at the national level in the different delegations considered provincial and Regional Offices of the Comptroller General
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Shilenge, Musa, and Arnesh Telukdarie. "4IR integration of information technology best practice framework in operational technology." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 14, no. 3 (May 19, 2021): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3429.
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Purpose: Since inception in the 1970s, Operational Technology (OT) systems were designed to operate in isolation from Information Technology (IT) systems mainly due to differences in objectives relating to Confidentiality, Integrity, Security and Availability (CISA). Additional diverse components include computing speed, and failure severity in terms of safety, environmental, and financial impact. With the onset of Industry 4.0 and the need for integration the worlds of IT and OT must operate in unison. The focal point of this research is to evaluate if an Information Technology Service Management (ITSM) best practice framework can be integrated into the operational technology domain.Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative desk research methodology initiates data gathering on the two key domains. A comparative analysis is subsequently adopted for results analysis. Thereafter, an application case of ITSM inclusive of OT is proposed and reviewed.Findings: After comparative analysis and application case, the research concludes that an IT best practice framework i.e. the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) can be integrated and adapted into the operational technology domain to facilitate management of OT in a service management style.Practical implications: The key benefit of this work is the inclusion of OT in global IT best practices in this Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) era.Originality/value: This paper contributes to ongoing research in IT-OT integration by providing a unique perspective on OT management in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Other researchers can utilize the research outcomes to apply ITSM in the OT domain where 4IR technologies have been implemented.
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Berihun, Getamesay, and Dereje Teferi Lemma. "Developing an Improved ITSM Framework for Ethio Telecom." International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS) 2, no. 3 (July 7, 2021): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/ijcis.v2i3.35.
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Abstract—Telecom service providers are engaged exhaustively in providing various kinds of IT services for their customers. These IT services should be customer-oriented, and quality-based to be competitive in the market. To this end, organizations should manage their IT services effectively and efficiently by introducing various Information Technology Service Management (ITSM) mechanisms. However, improving or developing optimal ITSM mechanisms is a subject of great concern that needs further investigation academically. Hence, developing an improved and customized ITSM framework to manage the various IT services delivered by the IT service provider is important.To the best of the researcher’s knowledge, little or no research has been conducted to design and develop ITSM frameworks for the telecom sector in Ethiopia. Previous studies focused on the implementation, adoption, tailoring, and system or model development for selected ITSM processes within the Ethiopian context. Ethio telecom (ET), the sole telecom service provider of Ethiopia, has a gap in the existing ITSM practices. Hence, this research study intends to investigate the current ITSM practice of Ethio telecom and propose an ITSM framework based on ITIL best practices that ensures the quality of IT services and improve customer satisfaction. Design science research methodology was employed to design and develop the ITSM framework. Furthermore, a qualitative research approach was followed to gather and analyze the primary data. Semi-structured interviews, observation, and document analysis were employed to collect different kinds of data. Also, thematic analysis was used to analyze the data that was collected from the respondents. A triangulation technique was applied to keep the validity and reliability of the research study. The findings of the research revealed that the existing ITSM practice did not address the needs of the organization. Finally, a new ITSL framework was proposed by incorporating the needs of the organization and demonstrated to selected respondents after passing through rigorous design, development, and evaluation stages. The proposed framework was evaluated by various IT staff through validated evaluation models. Consequently, the evaluation result disclosed that the proposed framework can help to improve the current ITSM practice of the company by maximizing the quality of IT services and customer satisfaction.
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Ajithkumar, Usha, and Matthias Pilz. "Attractiveness of Industrial Training Institutes (ITI) in India." Education + Training 61, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-04-2018-0102.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to conduct the study in two states of India to covers the perception of students and their parents about the attractiveness of Industrial Training Institutes (ITI) in India.Design/methodology/approachThree ITIs were selected each from the states Maharashtra and Haryana for data collection. Students pursuing trade fitter, electrical and beauty courses and their parents were selected. The instrument used to collect the data from students and parents was interviews with students and families.FindingsThe results show that the attractiveness of ITIs has shifted over time. The low status associated with these institutions is slowly fading away. The skills acquired at an ITI can provide the basis of successful careers. Once considered a last resort, today it is being considered as a possible career option. However, ITIs have yet to develop a better image and higher attractiveness within society for it to become an interesting option for young people and their parents when choosing educational pathways.Originality/valueSome implications of this study are presented as suggestions in formulating policies to improve the image of technical education and vocational training.
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Najwa, Nina Fadilah, and Tony Dwi Susanto. "Kajian dan Peluang Penelitian Tata Kelola Teknologi Informasi: Ulasan Literatur." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer 5, no. 5 (October 30, 2018): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.201855827.
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<p>Perkembangan transisi Teknologi Informasi (TI) saat ini menyebabkan penelitian terkait dengan tata kelola TI semakin meningkat.Tata kelola TI berperan besar dalam sebuah organisasi karena telah berubahnya peran dan relevansi TI dalam organisasi sehingga diperlukan pemahaman yang jelas terkait dengan tata kelola TI saat ini.Tujuan penulisan ulasanliteratur ini yaitu untuk mengulas perkembangan topik Tata Kelola dan peluang penelitian lebih lanjutterkait tata kelola TI sehingga dapat memberikan pemahaman tentang tata kelola TI. Metodologi yang digunakan pada ulasan literatur ini mencakup: 1) pendefinisian pertanyaan penelitian; 2) penetapan sumber literatur; 3) penentuan kata kunci pencarian literatur; 4) Pemilihan literatur; dan 5) ekstraksi data dan sintesis.Berdasarkan hasil ulasan literatur yang dilakukan, penelitian tata kelola TI secara luas diterapkan pada organisasi bisnis.Terdapat beberapa metode dan kombinasi dari beberapa metode yang digunakan dalam tata kelola TI, mencakup <em>Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies</em> (COBIT), <em>Information Technology Infrastructure Library</em> (ITIL), <em>Information Technology Balanced Scorecard</em> (IT-BSC), dan metode-metode lain. Tren penelitianyang saat ini banyak dilakukan mencakup <em>cloud computing governance, criteria success factor IT governance,</em> penerapan dan atau evaluasi tata kelola dengan berbagai metode pada sektor bisnis, tata kelola TI pada universitas, peran tata kelola dalam pemerintahan dan rumah sakit. Peluang penelitian direkomendasikan berdasarkan <em>future</em> dan limitasi dari masing-masing <em>paper</em> yang dibahas.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em><em>The development of the current Information Technology (IT) transition has led to more research on IT governance. IT governance plays a major role in an organization because it has changed the role and relevance of IT in the organization so that a clear understanding of current IT governance is needed. The purpose of this literature review is to review the development of Governance topics and further research opportunities related to IT governance so as to provide an understanding of IT governance. The methodology used in this literature review includes: 1) defining research questions; 2) determination of literature sources; 3) the determination of literature search keywords; 4) Selection of literature; and 5) data extraction and synthesis. Based on the results of the literature review conducted, IT governance research is widely applied to business organizations. There are several methods and combinations of several methods used in IT governance, including Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies (COBIT), Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), Information Technology Balanced Scorecard (IT-BSC), and other methods . Current research trends include cloud computing governance, IT governance success factor criteria, governance implementation and or evaluation with various methods in the business sector, IT governance at universities, governance roles in government and hospitals. Research opportunities are recommended based on the future and limitations of each paper discussed.</em></em></p>
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Bazhanova, Svetlana V., and Ekaterina V. Uchvatkina. "Improving the Process of Managing the IT Infrastructure of an Enterprise in the Energy Sector of the Republic of Mordovia." REGIONOLOGY 28, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.111.028.202002.239-260.
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Introduction. The study is of relevance due to the need for rational management of the IT infrastructure by large industry enterprises in order to increase the efficiency of their economic activities. The objective of this paper, based on the results of the study of the activities of enterprises in the energy sales industry, is to consider the ways of increasing the efficiency of management of the IT infrastructure of a company through the introduction of domestic software. Materials and Methods. The study used materials of scientific publications and the ITIL (IT Infrastructure Library) methodology to describe the IT infrastructure of an enterprise. The principles of systemic and integrated approaches, general scientific methods and techniques were applied. The analytic hierarchy process was used in order to perform a comparative analysis of domestic automated information systems. Results. Based on the analysis of the activities of the Watt company, a regional monopolist in the energy sales industry of the Republic of Mordovia, shortcomings in the automation of supporting business processes of large companies have been revealed. The reasons for the low efficiency of the management processes of the IT infrastructure of an enterprise have been considered. The solution to the problems identified through the domestic software has been substantiated. A comparative analysis of a number of Russian automated information Service Desk systems has been carried out. Discussion and Conclusion. The necessity of improving such a supporting process as that of managing the IT infrastructure of an enterprise has been substantiated. The results obtained can be used in the practice of large companies in the reengineering and modernization of the main and supporting business processes. The results of the comparative analysis of Russian automated information Service Desk systems can be taken into account when deciding on the use of domestic software.
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Ostrander, E. J., R. C. Nichol, K. U. Ratnatunga, and R. E. Griffiths. "The [ITAL]Hubble[/ITAL] [ITAL]Space[/ITAL] [ITAL]Telescope[/ITAL] Medium Deep Survey Cluster Sample: Methodology and Data." Astronomical Journal 116, no. 6 (December 1998): 2644–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/300627.
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Mikryukov, A. A., and A. V. Kuular. "Development of the Incident Management Model in an Enterprise Information System Based on a Three-Tier Architecture Using Key (Relevant) Metrics." Open Education 24, no. 3 (June 27, 2020): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2020-3-78-86.
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The aim of the study is to increase the efficiency of the incident management process in an enterprise information system. The article analyzes the work on improving the incident management process. The expediency of applying a number of key metrics is substantiated, which makes it possible to assess the degree to which the process indicators achieved their target values, that is, assess the quality of the incident management: the speed of solving the incident, the degree of satisfaction of service users and the availability of channels for processing user requests. A comparative analysis of the existing model of the incidents’ management process and the proposed model is performed. The proposed model, which includes an additional support line, can significantly improve key indicators of incident handling and resolution process. The scientific novelty of the developed proposals lies in the integrated use of a combination of process, technological and service metrics, which provides the construction of a more effective model of incident management.Materials and methods. The theoretical basis of the study is the analysis of recommendations for the use of metrics in accordance with: the management methodology of the COBIT information technology, recommendations for building an incident management process based on the ITIL library of information technology infrastructure, as well as the results of scientific research by Russian and foreign scientists and publications of leading organizations in the field of management incidents in enterprise information systems. The analysis of incident management process metrics is carried out. The mathematical methods of quantitative measurement of key metrics are used. The analysis of statistical data received by the technical support service for incident management processes was carried out.Results. The use of key metrics is justified, with the help of which the task of promptly responding to incidents, their subsequent processing and resolution is solved in conditions of ensuring guaranteed access to channels for processing calls. A three-tier incidents’ management model was developed, which made it possible to more effectively solve the problem of managing their processing based on the integrated use of key metrics.Conclusion. The study revealed the shortcomings of the existing model of the incident management process. The analysis of metrics used in existing models of the incident management process is carried out. The choice of a set of relevant metrics is substantiated, the complex application of which allowed us to develop a more effective incident management model that meets both the requirements of service consumers and the requirements for the operation of an information system. The developed model provides improved quality of incident processing (speed, completeness, reliability).A distinctive feature of the developed model is the use of objective quantitative characteristics obtained on the basis of relevant metrics of the incident management process, which made it possible to substantiate proposals for improving the existing incident management model in the enterprise information system.
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Price, Colin B., John Colvin, and Warren Wright. "Introducing Game Development into the Computing Curriculum — A Progressive Methodology." Innovation in Teaching and Learning in Information and Computer Sciences 5, no. 3 (October 2006): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11120/ital.2006.05030004.
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García-Ceberino, Juan M., Antonio Antúnez, Sebastián Feu, and Sergio J. Ibáñez. "Quantification of Internal and External Load in School Football According to Gender and Teaching Methodology." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010344.
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The design of teaching tasks determines the physical and physiological demands that students are exposed to in physical education classes. The purpose of this study is to quantify and compare, according to gender and teaching methodology, the external (eTL) and internal (iTL) load resulting from the application of two programs that follow different teaching methodologies, i.e., a Tactical Games Approach (TGA) and Direct Instruction (DI), to teach school football. The Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPEs) recorded in the assessments were also studied. A total of 41 students in the fifth year of primary education from a state school from Spain participated in the study (23 boys and 18 girls), aged from 10 to 11 (M ± SD, 10.63 ± 0.49 years) and divided into two class groups. All the sessions were monitored with inertial devices that made it possible to record physical activity and convert the information into kinematic parameters. The results indicated that the students who followed the TGA method recorded higher iTL values (heart rate) and spent more time performing high-intensity activities. Boys recorded higher eTL, iTL, and RPE values than girls. There was an evolution in the RPE between the assessments, with both groups presenting a more efficient RPE in the posttest. The TGA method favors student physical fitness and health, thus, this method is recommended when planning physical education sessions.
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Arif, Nasr. "Science, Objectivity and Ethics in Research Methodology." American Journal of Islam and Society 15, no. 1 (April 1, 1998): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v15i1.2202.
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Islam recognizes that Truth is infinite and that different methods arenecessary to reach its different aspects. In other words, in the Islamic paradigm,each methodology has its appropriate domain which admits thepossibility of certitude while allowing for openness. Clearly, this is thepolar opposite of the relativist who claims that no method can reachTruth, he denies certitude and dogmatically insists that there is no suchthing as Truth. However, the self-contradictory nahm of the assertionproves it is false.’From the Islamic point of view, no single methodology can make aclaim on all knowledge contained in all fields and at all levels. This isreflected in the traditional formula inserted at the end of scholarly matiseswu’lluhu u’lum “God knows best,” for no scholar can claim to havecome to the end of knowledge, thereby encompassing the infinite Truthin a self-contained system of thought.The Islamic approach to knowledge refuses to accept partial truth as ifit were the whole, and a single methodology as if it were the onlymethodology. Objectivity requires recognizing a partial truth for what itis, and not making monopolistic claims on knowledge with a singlemethodology. This recognition limits the abuse of power by those whowould deny other valid methodologies and “ways of knowing.’”Recognizing the multiplicity of methods requires discernment as totheir correct application in specific domains. This requires wisdom and afully operational intelligence unobscured by passion. In other words, theintelligence or ‘uql must be wholesome4e ethics and justice of theresearcher being a necessary condition for discerning appropriatemethodologies. Muslim scholars, therefore, emphasize the ethical trainingof the scientist to ensure the just selection of methodologies in eachdomain ...
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Buskin, Susan E., Neway G. Fida, Amy B. Bennett, Matthew R. Golden, and Joanne D. Stekler. "Evaluating New Definitions of Acute and Early HIV Infection from HIV Surveillance Data." Open AIDS Journal 8, no. 1 (September 30, 2014): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601408010045.
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Background : The U.S. HIV staging system is being revised to more comprehensively track early and acute HIV infection (AHI). We evaluated our ability to identify known cases of AHI using King County (KC) HIV surveillance data. Methodology : AHI cases were men who have sex with men (MSM) with negative antibody and positive pooled nucleic acid amplification (NAAT) tests identified through KC testing sites. We used KC surveillance data to calculate inter-test intervals (ITI, time from last negative to first positive test) and the serologic algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion (STARHS). For surveillance data, AHI was defined as an ITI of ≤ 30 days and early infection as an ITI ≤ 180 days or STARHS recent result. Dates of last negative HIV tests were obtained from lab reports in the HIV surveillance system or data collected for HIV Incidence Surveillance. Results : Between 2005 and 2011, 47 MSM with AHI were identified by pooled NAAT. Of the 47 cases, 36% had ITI < 1 day, 60% had an ITI < 30 days, and 70% (95% CI=55-82%) had an ITI ≤ 6 months and would have been identified as early HIV infection. Of the 47, 38% had STARHS testing and 94% were STARHS recent. Conclusion : MSM with known AHI were not identified by proposed definitions of AHI and early infection. These known AHI cases were frequently missed by HIV surveillance because concurrent negative antibody tests were not reported. Successful implementation of the revisions to the HIV staging system will require more comprehensive reporting.
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Borzenko, Helena, Tamara Panfilova, and Mikhail Litvin. "Levels taxation countries the EU and Ukraine’s." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 19 (April 2019): 131–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.19.2019.12.
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Purpose articles rassm and experience and benefits systems taxation countries European Union, manifestation iti the main limitations domestic taxlegislation and wired STI their comparisons. In general iti ways the provisiontax reporting countries Eurozone in the appropriate organs, dove STI need theintroduction Ukraine electronic methods receiving and processing such reports.define iti key directions reforming domestic tax legislation. Methodology research is to use aggregate methods: dialectical, statistical, historical, comparative. Scientific novelty is to are provided recommendations for improvement ofefficiency systems taxation of our states in international ratings characterizingtax institutions country. Therefore, despite some problems in legislation heldcomparative study systems taxation EU and Ukraine. Conclucions Coming fromof this, the main directions reforming tax systems Ukraine, in our opinion,today should become: improvement process administration, reduce scales evasiontaxes, provision more uniform distribution tax burden between taxpayers, themaximum cooperation tax bodies different levels as well adjustment systemselectronic interactions tax authorities and payers, tax system must contain ascan less unfounded benefits, consistent with the general by politics pricing.
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Jyoti, Jeevan, Roomi Rani, and Rupali Gandotra. "The impact of bundled high performance human resource practices on intention to leave." International Journal of Educational Management 29, no. 4 (May 11, 2015): 431–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-07-2014-0099.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of emotional exhaustion (EE) in between bundled high-performance human resource practices (HPHRPs) and intention to leave (ITL) in the education sector. Design/methodology/approach – A survey questionnaire method was used to collect data from a sample of 514 teachers working in different professional colleges in Jammu and Kashmir (North India). Data were validated with CFA and SEM was used to test hypothesised relations. Findings – The results show that bundled HPHRPs have greater impact on EE and ITL as compared to individual HPHRPs. Further, the study also confirmed that EE partially mediates the bundled HPHRPs and ITL relationship. Research limitations/implications – Future research need to explore same relationships in different sectors with longitudinal data at the multi-level approach. Practical implications – Educational administration should focus on the bundled HPHRPs, which will benefit not only the teachers, but the students too. It should adopt relaxation techniques like mindfulness training approach, yoga and meditation. Further, to reduce their career-related confusions management should organise career awareness programmes. Originality/value – The results from this study explored new and untested mechanism, i.e. EE as mediator between bundled HPHRPs and ITL relationship in the professional degree colleges in India, has not been previously researched.
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Dąbrowska-Gruszczyńska, Katarzyna, and Marcin Gruszczyński. "Nominal exchange rates EUR/GRD and EUR/ITL in the context of leaving the euro zone by Greece and Italy." Journal of Economics and Management 43 (2021): 293–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.22367/jem.2021.43.14.
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Aim/purpose – The aim of this paper is to present two cases of crises in Greece and Italy and to evaluate the shadow exchange rates of hypothetical new currencies (re)introduced after Grexit and Italexit. Design/methodology/approach – Both shadow exchange rates are estimated using speculative pressure index concept that emphasizes the importance of changes in foreign exchange reserves and interest rate differentials in the absence of an independent nomi- nal exchange rate. The research sample covers Greece in 1989-2020 and Italy in 1989- 2020. Findings – The research presented the estimation of shadow exchange rates EUR/GRD and EUR/ITL during the euro zone membership period. Leaving the euro area one can expect the following market rates: EUR/GRD 600 and EUR/ITL 1850. That would mean 75% depreciation and 5% appreciation to the current euro parities EUR/GRD 340.75, and EUR/ITL 1936.27, respectively. Research implications/limitations – After potential Grexit Greek authorities could expect significant nominal depreciation of a new currency (or should introduce it with a substantial discount). In the case of Italexit, the new currency would preserve its nomi- nal value. The limitations of the research methodology are: a long period of the analysis covers structural changes of financial markets, crisis events, political factors (e.g., QE programs). Originality/value/contribution – The originality of this approach lies in the combina- tion of two important economic concepts – the idea of shadow exchange rate and the index of speculative pressure. Combined together they help to prepare the methodology of shadow exchange rates evaluation for currencies that are currently in the common currency system (e.g., currency union). These results can help in economic and political discussions on effects of leaving the currency union. Keywords: nominal exchange rates, euro area, financial crises. JEL Classification: F21, F31, F37, F38, G15
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Olondriz, Joannes, Josu Jugo, Iker Elorza, Santiago Alonso-Quesada, and Aron Pujana-Arrese. "A Feedback Control Loop Optimisation Methodology for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines." Energies 12, no. 18 (September 10, 2019): 3490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183490.
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Wind turbines usually present several feedback control loops to improve or counteract some specific performance or behaviour of the system. It is common to find these multiple feedback control loops in Floating Offshore Wind Turbines where the system perferformance is highly influenced by the platform dynamics. This is the case of the Aerodynamic Platform Stabiliser and Wave Rejection feedback control loops which are complementaries to the conventional generator speed PI control loop when it is working in an above rated wind speed region. The multiple feedback control loops sometimes can be tedious to manually improve the initial tuning. Therefore, this article presents a novel optimisation methodology based on the Monte Carlo method to automatically improve the manually tuned multiple feedback control loops. Damage Equivalent Loads are quantified for minimising the cost function and automatically update the control parameters. The preliminary results presented here show the potential of this novel optimisation methodology to improve the mechanical fatigue loads of the desired components whereas maintaining the overall performance of the wind turbine system. This methodology provides a good balance between the computational complexity and result effectiveness. The study is carried out with the fully coupled non-linear NREL 5-MW wind turbine model mounted on the ITI Energy’s barge and the FASTv8 code.
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Kozłowska, Justyna. "A Methodology of Strategic Analysis for Servitization of the Manufacturing Company." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (January 5, 2021): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.14.
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Servitization in manufacturing companies often involves reformulating or building new strategies. Itis a complex and challenging process that is very prone to failure if carried out without careful strategic planning.The scientific literature strictly regarding strategic analysis methodology in the context of servitization is ratherlimited. Only a few studies were identified which indicate strategic analysis methods that are useful for buildingservitization strategies. Whereas the catalog of methods for strategic analysis is wide and varied. Therefore, thisstudy aims to fill this gap and give an answer to the following research question: How to conduct a strategicanalysis (with which methods and tools) so that the obtained information would improve the decision-makingprocess in the context of servitization in manufacturing? A survey conducted in the Polish machinerymanufacturing sector shows that there is a relationship between conducting strategy analysis in the context ofproduct-service activity and the level of service income in manufacturing companies. Likewise, if the companyanalyzed service-related business areas along with the product-related, it has reported an increase in serviceincome in recent years. Based on these findings and the outcomes of the review of servitization strategies and theconditions of successful implementation of these strategies, the author developed an 8-stage methodology ofstrategic analysis. It enables to gather the most relevant and needed information about the company resourcesand its environment to facilitate making decisions in the context of product and service integration. An originaltool for assessing the orientation of organizational culture is proposed. The developed methodology was verifiedby application in two manufacturing companies, and that allowed to formulate a list of recommendations forfuture application of the methodology
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Lattuada, Pier Luigi. "Integral Transpersonal Inquiry." Integral Transpersonal Journal 15, no. 15 (December 2020): 13–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32031/itibte_itj_15-itiq.
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The human experience appears as an integral participatory dialogue between the individual and his environment. This article will outline the essential lines for an Integral Transpersonal Inquiry (ITIq) a method of research able to study the Circuit of Experience by framing the individual feeling-thinkingacting within an integral dynamic process that includes the subject of experience, the object of investigation and the field. I’ll present the ontology, the epistemology and the methodology of an integral transpersonal approach to research in the psychological field, focusing on inner experiences, its contents and vehicles.
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Malara, P., and L. B. Dobrzański. "Screw-retained full arch restorations – methodology of computer aided design and manufacturing." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 83 (January 2, 2017): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.7538.
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Purpose: The aim of the paper is to present the designing and manufacturing process ofthe screw-retained superstructure of the dental arch in the maxilla based on six implants usingCAD/CAM technology.Design/methodology/approach: The methodology is presented on the example of theimplantoprosthetic treatment in a 55-year-old female patient with a significant deficit of the alveolarbone. 6 implants were placed to achieve a good anchorage for the ceramic suprastructure. Theprosthetic reconstruction was milled out of a zirconium dioxide block and covered with veneeringceramics to obtain good aesthetics of the restoration. Special copings were designed andmanufactured to achieve stabile connection between the implants and the suprastructure.Findings: To properly plan the prosthetic work rebuilding the alveolar ridge on dental implantsit is necessary to plan the final prosthetic work before implant placement planning the numberof implants and their location in the bones and the possibility of using a fixed or a mobilesuprastructure.Practical implications: Design of the suprastructure has to take into account the followingfactors: 1. The number of implants, copings and openings for the abutment screws, 2.Arrangement of teeth in the prosthesis, 3. The shape of the alveolar ridge, 4. The shape of thespace for the porcelain and for the individual crowns, which will be pasted on the suprastructure.Originality/value: For technological reasons it is not possible to make an extensivesuprastructure in a single piece. It is necessary to execute the foundation of the reconstructionof the alveolar ridge and the teeth in one piece and separately the individual crowns. Itis possible, however, to design and manufacture the complex screw-retained prostheticsuprastructures by means of CAD/CAM technology.
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Bohle, Philip, Angela Knox, Jack Noone, Maria Mc Namara, Julia Rafalski, and Michael Quinlan. "Work organisation, bullying and intention to leave in the hospitality industry." Employee Relations 39, no. 4 (June 5, 2017): 446–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-07-2016-0149.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine relationships between work organisation, bullying and intention to leave (ITL) in the Australian hospitality industry, using pressure, disorganisation and regulatory failure (PDR) to measure work organisation. Design/methodology/approach Cross-sectional survey data were collected from 72 workers in Australian accommodation hotels. They were aged 20-65 years (M=38.26, SD=12.60) and 57.1 per cent were female. The proposed path model was tested with the Mplus (v.7) statistical package using Hayes’ (2009) procedure for mediation analysis. Findings There were positive bivariate correlations between all variables. The path model indicated that disorganisation and regulatory failure had direct positive associations with bullying. Financial pressure and bullying had direct positive associations with ITL. Research limitations/implications The small sample may not be representative and the cross-sectional design and self-report data risk common method variance effects and preclude attributions of causality. Future studies should use more representative samples and longitudinal designs to address common method variance issues and facilitate causal inferences. Originality/value Bullying and turnover are significant problems in the hospitality industry, but the contribution of work organisation variables is poorly understood. The present study provides promising preliminary evidence on the potential role of PDR as an antecedent of both bullying and ITL.
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Elers, Steve, and Phoebe Elers. "Tāme Iti and Twitter: a voice from prison." Media International Australia 169, no. 1 (October 8, 2018): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x18803380.
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This is the first known study concerning the use of social media by an imprisoned campaigner of Indigenous rights. We used grounded theory to analyse Twitter messages of imprisoned Māori rights campaigner, Tāme Iti, who was arrested during the 2007 Terror Raids in Rūātoki, New Zealand. The approach undertaken is grounded in kaupapa Māori, a critical, anti-oppressive, emancipatory and decolonising Indigenous research methodology. Our grounded theory analysis categorised three themes within the data: (1) Māramatanga: Insights from Prison, (2) Māoritanga: Living Māori Culture and (3) Tōrangapū: Thoughts on the Outside. We show that social media can be used to dismantle the communication barriers of spatial confinement and as a tool to counter dominant narratives.
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Paley, W. Bradford. "Interface and Mind — A “Paper Lecture” about a Domain-Specific Design Methodology based on Contemporary Mind Science Benutzerschnittstelle und Verstand — Über eine Design-Methodik basierend auf aktuellen Erkenntnissen der Psychologie." it - Information Technology 51, no. 3 (May 2009): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/itit.2009.0533.
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Sung, Han-Yu, and Yu-Liang Chi. "Applications of Semantic Web in integrating open data and bibliographic records: a development example of an infomediary of Taiwanese indigenous people." Electronic Library 39, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-09-2020-0258.
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Purpose This study aims to develop a Web-based application system called Infomediary of Taiwanese Indigenous Peoples (ITIP) that can help individuals comprehend the society and culture of indigenous people. The ITIP is based on the use of Semantic Web technologies to integrate a number of data sources, particularly including the bibliographic records of a museum. Moreover, an ontology model was developed to help users search cultural collections by topic concepts. Design/methodology/approach Two issues were identified that needed to be addressed: the integration of heterogeneous data sources and semantic-based information retrieval. Two corresponding methods were proposed: SPARQL federated queries were designed for data integration across the Web and ontology-driven queries were designed to semantically search by knowledge inference. Furthermore, to help users perform searches easily, three searching interfaces, namely, ethnicity, region and topic, were developed to take full advantage of the content available on the Web. Findings Most open government data provides structured but non-resource description framework data, Semantic Web consumers, therefore, require additional data conversion before the data can be used. On the other hand, although the library, archive and museum (LAM) community has produced some emerging linked data, very few data sets are released to the general public as open data. The Semantic Web’s vision of “web of data” remains challenging. Originality/value This study developed data integration from various institutions, including those of the LAM community. The development was conducted based on the mode of non-institution members (i.e. institutional outsiders). The challenges encountered included uncertain data quality and the absence of institutional participation.
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Rabab'ah, Ghaleb Ahmed. "Strategic Competence in an ELT Syllabus." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 145-146 (2004): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/itl.145.0.562912.
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Abstract Communication strategies (CSs) are important in helping learners to communicate successfully when they are faced with a production problem due to their lack of linguistic knowledge. This paper aims to support the importance of developing second language learners’ strategic competence and making communication strategies part of an ELT syllabus. This paper first discusses the various definitions of strategic competence and communication strategies. Then it briefly presents various communication strategies used by second language learners to solve their communication problems. The major portion of this paper is devoted to strategy training and its advantages in language learning. Finally, the paper concludes with the importance of introducing tasks and activities on communication strategies in an EFL syllabus, and suggests ways of improving teaching methodology.
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Matino, Davide, Giancarlo Castaman, Giovanni Di Minno, Paola Giordano, Maria Elisa Mancuso, Emanuela Marchesini, Flora Peyvandi, et al. "Prospective Study of the Immunological Mechanisms of Immune Tolerance Induction in Severe Haemophilia a Patients with Inhibitors: Preliminary Analysis of a Multi-Center Longitudinal Study." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 3781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119568.
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Abstract Background The development of an immunogenic response to FVIII and the appearance of neutralizing antibodies - "inhibitors" - against FVIII is the most important adverse event in hemophilia treatment. Immune Tolerance Induction (ITI) via the long-term, intravenous administrations of high-dose FVIII is the only proven strategy to eradicate inhibitors. The success rate is about 60-70% and no formal demonstration of its mechanism of action has been provided yet. Indeed, the mechanisms underlying successful ITI have been unclear, and not much is known about the major factors determinant of success vs. failure. Our aim is to understand the process of activation and immune regulation in response to FVIII in patients undergoing ITI, and comparing the immunological events in patients who successfully eradicate anti-FVIII antibody to those in patients failing to achieve FVIII tolerance. Methods This is a multicenter, observational, prospective cohort study enrolling severe HA patients who developed high-titer inhibitors, candidate to ITI. A blood sample has been collected before starting and during the course of ITI, until ITI ends (5 blood samples during the first year, 3 during the second year if ITI treatment is not already ended, plus a final sample 30 days after ITI conclusion). Total PBMCs have been used to establish cell cultures where cells are re-stimulated with the same FVIII used during the ITI or medium alone. To identify candidate genes, key proteins and cell subsets associated to differential outcomes to ITI, immune cells are used for gene expression profiling (Human Inflammation & Immunity Transcriptome Targeted RNA Panel, Qiagen) together with extensive phenotypic characterization of immune cells via the CyTOF (Cytometry by Time Of Flight mass spectrometry) technology. To identify potential biomarkers predictors of ITI outcomes metabolomics analysis and multiplex cytokine arrays are performed in plasma collected at each time point during ITI and in supernatants from cells cultures. Plasma samples, are collected at each time point and stored at -80°C for cytokine determination and metabolomic analysis. Total anti-FVIII antibody (and their isotypes) and inhibitor titer are also determined in plasma samples by Nijmegen methodology in the central laboratory as described previously (1). Results Currently, 18 subjects have been enrolled among 8 Hemophilia Centers. Among these 5 subjects, two patients reached the study endpoint of ITI success by study criteria (negative inhibitor titer, a normal FVIII recovery, a normal FVIII half-life and the absence of anamnesis upon further FVIII exposure) while three were assessed as ITI failure. The analysis of anti-FVIII antibody isotypes revealed the presence of IgG4 as the most relevant component of the total anti-FVIII antibodies. The inhibitor clearance was also accompanied by the disappearance of IgG4 anti-FVIII antibodies in both tolerized patients, while those who failed to eradicate the inhibitor showed a sustained IgG4 anti-FVIII response (Fig. 1). The evaluation of the cytokines in the supernatants from in vitro cultured cells showed a consistent increase in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to FVIII (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-15) at all time points only in patients who continued to produce high-titer inhibitors. Conclusions Here we report an interim analysis of a prospective study of the immunological mechanisms of immune tolerance induction. The preliminary results obtained so far suggest that anti-FVIII IgG4 are a major component of the total anti-FVIII antibodies and their persistence is associated with unfavourable ITI outcome. We expect that the ongoing immune gene expression profiling, immune-phenotypic characterization and determination of soluble marker of activation/regulation of the immune system in supernatants and plasma in this cohort of patients will provide substantial knowledge to increase our current understanding of the complex immunological pathways involved in the development of tolerance to FVIII. Ultimately, this could lead to the discovery of biomarkers of ITI success/failure and to the generation of focused and strategic intervention to modulate the immune system during this treatment. References 1. Matino D, Gargaro M, et al. "IDO1 suppresses inhibitor development in hemophilia A treated with factor VIII". J Clin Invest. 2015 Oct 1;125(10):3766-81. doi: 10.1172/JCI81859. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Matino: Sobi: Speakers Bureau. Peyvandi:Sobi: Speakers Bureau; Novo Nordisk: Speakers Bureau; Kedrion: Consultancy; Shire: Speakers Bureau; Roche: Speakers Bureau; Octapharma US: Honoraria; Roche: Speakers Bureau; Roche: Speakers Bureau; Novo Nordisk: Speakers Bureau; Kedrion: Consultancy; Grifols: Speakers Bureau; Octapharma US: Honoraria; Octapharma US: Honoraria; Novo Nordisk: Speakers Bureau; Roche: Speakers Bureau; Grifols: Speakers Bureau; Ablynx: Other: Member of Advisory Board, Speakers Bureau; Grifols: Speakers Bureau; Ablynx: Other: Member of Advisory Board, Speakers Bureau; Octapharma US: Honoraria; Ablynx: Other: Member of Advisory Board, Speakers Bureau; Grifols: Speakers Bureau; Shire: Speakers Bureau; Sobi: Speakers Bureau; Sobi: Speakers Bureau; Roche: Speakers Bureau; Sobi: Speakers Bureau; Sobi: Speakers Bureau; Kedrion: Consultancy; Novo Nordisk: Speakers Bureau; Shire: Speakers Bureau; Kedrion: Consultancy; Shire: Speakers Bureau; Octapharma US: Honoraria; Grifols: Speakers Bureau; Novo Nordisk: Speakers Bureau; Shire: Speakers Bureau; Kedrion: Consultancy. Santagostino:Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sobi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kedrion: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CSL Behring: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Grifols: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Octapharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Shire: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bioverativ: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novo Nordisk: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Iorio:NovoNordisk: Other: Alfonso Iorio's Institution has received project based funding via research or service agreements with Novo Nordisk; Shire: Other: Alfonso Iorio's Institution has received project based funding via research or service agreements with Shire; CSL: Other: Alfonso Iorio's Institution has received project based funding via research or service agreements with CSL; Grifols: Other: Alfonso Iorio's Institution has received project based funding via research or service agreements with Grifols; Octapharma: Other: Alfonso Iorio's Institution has received project based funding via research or service agreements with Octapharma; Bayer: Other: Alfonso Iorio's Institution has received project based funding via research or service agreements with Bayer; Pfizer: Other: Alfonso Iorio's Institution has received project based funding via research or service agreements with Pfizer; Roche: Other: Alfonso Iorio's Institution has received project based funding via research or service agreements with Roche.
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Kumaravadivelu, B. "Learner Perception of Learning Tasks." Task-Based Language Teaching 152 (2006): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/itl.152.0.2017866.
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AbstractIn the context of task-based language teaching, a challenge facing the language teaching profession is to determine how learners perceive and treat the formal and functional properties of language learning tasks. The preliminary study reported here presents the interplay between teacher objectives, task input, peer interaction and learner perception of transactional tasks. The study shows that the formal, functional and interactional dimensions of a task seem to operate in tandem when learners perform a task in order to get business done in the classroom and, by extension, in the outside world. The study also suggests that the boundaries of the three dimensions are blurred in the learners' mind, and that the degree of attention to the three dimensions is determined largely by learners themselves. This finding has implications for the study for task development, task complexity and also for larger issues of syllabus and methodology.
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Rehse, Jana-Rebecca, Sharam Dadashnia, and Peter Fettke. "Business process management for Industry 4.0 – Three application cases in the DFKI-Smart-Lego-Factory." it - Information Technology 60, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/itit-2018-0006.
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Abstract The advent of Industry 4.0 is expected to dramatically change the manufacturing industry as we know it today. Highly standardized, rigid manufacturing processes need to become self-organizing and decentralized. This flexibility leads to new challenges to the management of smart factories in general and production planning and control in particular. In this contribution, we illustrate how established techniques from Business Process Management (BPM) hold great potential to conquer challenges in Industry 4.0. Therefore, we show three application cases based on the DFKI-Smart-Lego-Factory, a fully automated “smart factory” built out of LEGO® bricks, which demonstrates the potentials of BPM methodology for Industry 4.0 in an innovative, yet easily accessible way. For each application case (model-based management, process mining, prediction of manufacturing processes) in a smart factory, we describe the specific challenges of Industry 4.0, how BPM can be used to address these challenges, and, their realization within the DFKI-Smart-Lego-Factory.
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Bourdeau, Marc, and Jean-Pierre Tubach. "Phonological planes and spaces A quantitative study on five corpora." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 113-114 (January 1, 1996): 349–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.113-114.09bou.
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Abstract We describe a statistical methodology that provides a quantitative definition of the concept of phonological space that has been used for a long time as a purely qualitative description of languages. We apply this description to five corpora : four of French language, and one of Polish language. We obtain cartesian planes where the speakers are represented as points. We show that we can discriminate the five corpora. We end by pointing to applications to the learning and destruction of phonological capabilities.
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van der Grinten, Alexander, Eugenio Angriman, and Henning Meyerhenke. "Scaling up network centrality computations – A brief overview." it - Information Technology 62, no. 3-4 (May 27, 2020): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/itit-2019-0032.
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AbstractNetwork science methodology is increasingly applied to a large variety of real-world phenomena, often leading to big network data sets. Thus, networks (or graphs) with millions or billions of edges are more and more common. To process and analyze these data, we need appropriate graph processing systems and fast algorithms. Yet, many analysis algorithms were pioneered on small networks when speed was not the highest concern. Developing an analysis toolkit for large-scale networks thus often requires faster variants, both from an algorithmic and an implementation perspective. In this paper we focus on computational aspects of vertex centrality measures. Such measures indicate the (relative) importance of a vertex based on the position of the vertex in the network. We describe several common (and some recent and thus less established) measures, optimization problems in their context as well as algorithms for an efficient solution of the raised problems. Our focus is on (not necessarily exact) performance-oriented algorithmic techniques that enable significantly faster processing than the previous state of the art – often allowing to process massive data sets quickly and without resorting to distributed graph processing systems.
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Tarraf, Ahmad, and Lars Hedrich. "From transistor level to cyber physical/hybrid systems: Formal verification using automatic compositional abstraction." it - Information Technology 62, no. 5-6 (December 16, 2020): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/itit-2020-0004.
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AbstractIn this paper we present a methodology to automatically generate an accurate behavioral model from an analog circuit description. The current machine learning method is limited to circuits with up to 80 transistors, limiting our approach to small and mid size circuit blocks due to a state explosion problem. However, if complex building blocks such as IOT systems should be modeled, the current approach needs to recoup with feasible simulation and modeling time. To come up with a solution for this problem, we extend the current method by a compositional approach. The approach is illustrated upon an example from the area of autonomous driving. Our method decomposes this large example into smaller building blocks and models each of them automatically. All models are combined into a compositional hybrid automaton of the whole complex system.Compared to the original state space, the building blocks operate on smaller and reduced state spaces and hence drastically reduce the complexity. Using a back-transformation on the compositional automaton, all values from the original state space can be reconstructed. Moreover, we perform a formal verification on the generated compositional automaton. Results from a meaningful example are presented and discussed.
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Žaglinskis, Justas, Kristóf Lukács, Ákos Bereczky, and Paulius Rapalis. "THE RESEARCH OF SIMPLIFICATION OF 1.9 TDI DIESEL ENGINE HEAT RELEASE PARAMETERS DETERMINATION / 1,9 TDI DYZELINIO VARIKLIO ŠILUMOS IŠSISKYRIMO PARAMETRŲ NUSTATYMO SUPAPRASTINIMO TYRIMAS." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 6, no. 5 (December 19, 2014): 570–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2014.702.
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The investigation of modified methodology of Audi 1.9 TDI 1Z diesel engine heat release parameters’ determination is represented in the article. In this research the AVL BOOST BURN and IMPULS software was used to treat data and to simulate engine work process. The reverse task of indicated pressure determination from heat release data was solved here. T. Bulaty and W. Glanzman methodology was modified for purpose to simplify the determination of heat release parameters. The maximal cylinder pressure, which requires additional expensive equipment, was changed into the objective indicator – exhaust gas temperature. This modification allowed to simplify the experimental engine tests and also gave simulation results in an error range up to 2% of main engine operating parameters. The study results are assessed as an important point for the simplification of engine test under field conditions. Straipsnyje pateikta dyzelinio Audi variklio 1,9 TDI 1Z šilumos išsiskyrimo parametrų nustatymo metodikos ir jos modifikavimo tyrimas. Šio tyrimo procese atilikto eksperimento duomenims apdoroti ir darbo procesui modeliuoti panaudoti AVL BOOST BURN ir IMPULS programiniai paketai. Tyrime buvo sprendžiamas atvirkščias indikatorinio slėgio nustatymo iš šilumos charakteristikos duomenų uždavinys. Siekiant supaprastinti šilumos išsiskyrimo parametrų nustatymą, panaudota modifikuota T. Bulaty ir W. Glanzman metodika. Maksimalaus slėgio cilindre parametras, kurio nustatymas reikalauja papildomos brangios įrangos, buvo pakeistas objektyviu išmetamųjų dujų temperatūros parametru. Šis modifikavimas leidžia supaprastinti eksperimentinius tyrimus bei leido atlikti pagrindinių variklio darbo parametrų modeliavimą neviršijant 2 % paklaidų ribos. Tyrimo rezultatas vertinamas itin svarbiu variklių bandymų lauko sąlygomis supaprastinimo atžvilgiu.
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Bourdeau, Marc, Louise Dagenais, and Laurent Santerre. "A Quantitative Framework for Phonology." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 87-88 (January 1, 1990): 121–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.87-88.06bou.
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Various parameters pertaining to selection and sequencing patterns are defined on phonological chains broadly transcribed. We apply some multivariate schemes with these parameters to produce quantitative frames for the phonological study of part of the Sankoff-Cedergren corpus of Montreal French, containing more than half a million phonological units. The frames bring a quantitative description for the notion of phonological plane with its paradigmatic and syntagmatic axes. We generalize the procedure to describe more precisely sequencing patterns of the phonological chain with various planes and spaces. We also show that there is a quantitative interpretation, in terms of our variables, for the usual but imprecise distinction between the registers of Montreal French. The same methodology can be used for the similar planes defined in the upper language hierarchy, and for a new quantitative description of perturbed languages based on the direct observation of spontaneous language chains.
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Kirtiklis, Kęstas. "AR NATŪRALISTINIAI SOCIALINIAI MOKSLAI GALI BŪTI KRITINIAI?" Problemos 82 (January 1, 2012): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2012.0.734.
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Straipsnyje nagrinėjama kritinių socialinių mokslų samprata ir jų vieta platesnėse metodologinėse šiuolaikinės socialinių mokslų filosofijos diskusijose (ypač diskusijose dėl natūralizmo). Analizuojami du pamatiniai kritinių socialinių mokslų bruožai – metodologinis antinatūralizmas ir kritinė vertybinė nuostata. Straipsnyje tvirtinama, jog kritinė vertybinė nuostata numato itin siaurą vertybių sampratą (suprantant vertybes kaip nuostatas, nurodančias tyrimo tikslus), kurios laikydamiesi kritinių socialinių mokslų filosofai nepajėgia įrodyti būtino ryšio tarp kritinės vertybinės pozicijos ir konkrečios metodologinės pozicijos. Todėl kritinę vertybinę nuostatą įmanoma sieti tiek su natūralistine, tiek su interpretacine metodologija.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: kritiniai socialiniai mokslai, natūralizmas, interpretacinė prieiga, vertybinis neutralumas socialiniuose moksluose.Are Critical Naturalist Social Sciences Possible?Kęstas KirtiklisSummaryThe article deals with the conception of critical social sciences and their place in the wider context of methodological debates, particularly in the naturalism debate in contemporary philosophy of social sciences. The article analyzes two basic characteristics of critical social sciences – methodological antinaturalism and critical axiological position. It is argued that because of excessively narrow notion of values (values as research-directing attitudes) implied by the critical axiological position philosophers of critical social sciences fail to demonstrate a necessary link between critical axiological attitude and particular methodology. Therefore, it is possible to relate critical axiology with naturalist as well as with interpretive methodology.Keywords: critical social sciences, naturalism, interpretivism, value-neutrality in social sciences.
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Zuorro, Antonio, Kariana Moreno-Sader, and Ángel González-Delgado. "Inherent Safety Analysis and Sustainability Evaluation of Chitosan Production from Shrimp Exoskeleton in Colombia." Water 13, no. 4 (February 21, 2021): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040553.
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Waste valorization strategies are key to achieve more sustainable production within the shrimp industry. The crustacean exoskeletons can be potentially used to obtain value-added products such as chitosan. A comprehensive analysis including both safety and sustainability aspects of chitosan production from shrimp shells is presented in this study. The inherent safety analysis and sustainability evaluation was performed using the Inherent Safety Index (ISI) methodology and the Sustainable Weighted Return on Investment Metric (SWROIM), respectively. The process was designed for a processing capacity of 57,000 t/year. The return on investment (%ROI), potential environmental impact (PEI output), exergy efficiency, and the total inherent safety index (ITI) were used as indicators to evaluate process sustainability. The total inherent safety index was estimated at 25 indicating that the process is inherently unsafe. The main process risks were given by handling of flammable substances, reactivity, and inventory subindices. The overall sustainability evaluation showed a SWROIM of 36.33% indicating that the case study showed higher weighted performance compared to the return on investment metric of 18.08%.
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Neverauskienė, Laima Okunevičiūtė, and Arūnas Pocius. "TRENDS OF HIDDEN EMPLOYMENT IN LITHUANIA AND PROBLEMS IN METHODICAL CALCULATIONS / NEOFICIALAUS UŽIMTUMO TENDENCIJOS LIETUVOJE IR METODINĖS SKAIČIAVIMŲ PROBLEMOS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 17, no. 3 (October 4, 2011): 484–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2011.603176.
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The article discusses the extent of hidden employment in Lithuania and its dynamics tendencies, different methodologies used for the assessment of this phenomenon are reviewed and the problems this assessment faces are discussed. Because the estimation of hidden employment extent is very complicated and multiple problem the article is based on various data sources and on the methodology of statistical researches. The article widely presents the results of survey of Statistics Lithuania and it's acummulated experience, various methodological problems of hidden employment estimation are disscused. Employed in the unofficial labour market population dynamics tendencies are estimated based on prepared methodology of calculation by the Institute of Labour and Social Research scientists). According to calculations made by authors, hidden employment in Lithuania kept growing fast and reached the maximum value of 380 thousand till 1994. Later (in 1995–2001) it declined substantially to 230 thousand. 2002–2004 were the year of temporal stabilization (with a number of 210 thousand illegally employed), after which a period of sudden fall took place (down to 120 thousand in 2008). Despite this, the favorable conditions for hidden employment growth were formed in 2009, while in the threat of the economic crisis the country experienced an especially deep recession. Increased taxes and unemployment, made the favorable conditions for shadow business. Santrauka Straipsniu siekiama įvertinti neoficialaus užimtumo apimtį ir jo dinamikos tendencijas bei apžvelgti skirtingas šio reiškinio skaičiavimų metodikas. Kadangi neoficialaus užimtumo (nelegalaus darbo) apimties įvertinimas itin sudėtinga ir įvairialypė problema, analizuojant situaciją naudotasi įvairiais duomenų šaltiniais: skirtingų institucijų apklausų duomenimis, specialių skaičiavimų rezultatais. Straipsnyje plačiai naudojami Statistikos departamento prie Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybės (toliau – Statistikos departamento) atlikto tyrimo rezultatai ir sukaupta patirtis, aptariamos įvairios metodinės neoficialaus užimtumo įvertinimo problemos. Dirbančiųjų neoficialioje darbo rinkoje dinamikos tendencijos įvertinamos remiantis Darbo ir socialinių tyrimų instituto mokslininkų parengta skaičiavimo metodika, prie kurios kūrimo prisidėjo straipsnio autoriai. Be to, siekiant geriau ištirti nagrinėjamą problemą naudojamasi Darbo ir socialinių tyrimų instituto atlikto specialaus tyrimo (“Nelegalaus darbo, teisės aktų, reglamentuojančių darbo santykius, pažeidimų, darbdavių atstovų grasinimų ar kitokio psichologinio pobūdžio įtakos darbuotojų darbo rezultatams bei saugai ir sveikatai 2004–2005 m.“) rezultatais. Kaip parodė autorių skaičiavimai, iki 1994 m. neoficialusis užimtumas Lietuvoje augo itin sparčiai ir pasiekė maksimalią 380 tūkst. reikšmę, o 1995–2001 m. labai sumažėjo (iki 230 tūkst.). 2002–2004 m. buvo laikinas stabilizacijos laikotarpis (dirbančiųjų neoficialioje darbo rinkoje buvo 210 tūkst.), po kurio šis rodiklis sparčiai mažėjo (iki 120 tūkst. 2008 m.). Nepaisant to, palankios neoficialaus užimtumo augimo sąlygos susiformavo 2009 m., kai grėsmingos ekonominės krizės metu šalyje ypač stipriai pasireiškė ūkio nuosmukis, išaugus mokesčiams ir nedarbui tiesiog suklestėjo šešėlinis verslas. Būtina pabrėžti ir tai, kad įvairūs neoficialaus užimtumo apimties vertinimai stipriai skiriasi. Autorių skaičiavimais, kurių pagrindas yra “Sodros“ duomenys, neoficialaus užimtumo mastas 2003 m. siekė apie 200 tūkst. užimtųjų, o tų metų neapskaitomos ekonomikos tyrimo duomenimis, jis siekė apie 100 tūkst. Apibendrinant skirtingus duomenų šaltinius, galima pateikti nelegalaus darbo apimties (dirbančiųjų neoficialioje darbo rinkoje skaičiaus) tikėtinas svyravimo ribas. 2003 m. šis rodiklis galėjo svyruoti nuo 100 iki 200 tūkst. Viršutinė šio intervalo riba remiasi autorių atliktais skaičiavimais. Šiuos skirtumus galima aiškinti tiek apytikriu vertinimų pobūdžiu, tiek metodiniais skaičiavimų skirtumais. Deja, nėra galimybės palyginti naujesnių rodiklių, nes neapskaitomos ekonomikos tyrimas šalyje atliekamas maždaug kas 10 metų.
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Azmi, Muhammad Bilal, Syed Adnan Ali, Sarah Shamim Azmi, Shamim A. Qureshi, and Arisha Sohail. "STRESS IN FEMALE MEDICAL DOCTORS." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 06 (June 10, 2015): 715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.06.1238.
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In present era stress remains a favorite subject of research especially in medicalprofession because with high competitive roles and responsibilities, this profession serves theneed of mankind. Objective: Assessment of professional stress in female medical doctorsemployed at different tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: The crosssectionalnon-experimental survey. Setting: Different tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. Period:November, 2012 to July, 2013. Methodology: Internationally validated and standardizedquestionnaire was used as survey tool for present research. It was distributed to total twohundred and twenty eight 228 female medical doctors. Results: Total 191 respondents filledthe research survey. 64.39% were MBBS, 20.42% were BDS and 15.18% were postgraduaterespondents. Cronbach’s alpha was 73.60%. Mean age of respondents was 29.32 ± 6.96years, average stress score was 12.09 ± 4.33 with average years of experience were 4.58 ±5.57 years. Stress scores on the basis of demographic variables like age groups, experience,qualification and marital status showed average scores in range between10-12 units. However,high frequency of respondents scored moderate to severe stress when probed on the basis oflevels of stress they have possess. Categorizing the equation for stress scores observed in thepresent survey as, MBBS respondents showed more stress units i.e., 12.50, BDS doctors havehad 11.50 units stress and postgraduate respondents had 10 units stress scores. Conclusions:Results concluded that stress in female medical professionals is never underestimated as itis clearly indicated through present survey that all female respondents possess average jobstress which need to address.