Relevant bibliographies by topics / ITRS Roadmap

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'ITRS Roadmap'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "ITRS Roadmap"

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F. Roslan, Ameer, F. Salehuddin, A. S. M.Zain, K. E. Kaharudin, H. Hazura, A. R. Hanim, S. K. Idris, B. Z. Zarina, and Afifah Maheran A.H. "3D Double Gate FinFET Construction of 30 nm Technology Node Impact Towards Short Channel Effect." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1358-1365.

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<p>This paper presents an investigation on properties of Double Gate FinFET (DGFinFET) and impact of physical properties of FinFET towards short channel effects (SCEs) for 30 nm device, where depletion-layer widths of the source-drain corresponds to the channel length aside from constant fin height (HFIN) and the fin thickness (TFIN). Virtual fabrication process of 3-dimensional (3D) design is applied throughout the study and its electrical characterization is employed and substantial is shown towards the FinFET design whereby in terms of the ratio of drive current against the leakage current (ION/IOFF ratio) at 563138.35 compared to prediction made by the International Technology Roadmap Semiconductor (ITRS) 2013. Conclusively, the incremental in ratio has fulfilled the desired in incremental on the drive current as well as reductions of the leakage current. Threshold voltage (VTH) meanwhile has also achieved the nominal requirement predicted by the International Technology Roadmap Semiconductor (ITRS) 2013 for which is at 0.676±12.7% V. The ION , IOFF and VTH obtained from the device has proved to meet the minimum requirement by ITRS 2013 for low performance Multi-Gate technology.</p>
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ZEITZOFF, PETER M., JAMES A. HUTCHBY, and HOWARD R. HUFF. "MOSFET AND FRONT-END PROCESS INTEGRATION: SCALING TRENDS, CHALLENGES, AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS THROUGH THE END OF THE ROADMAP." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 12, no. 02 (June 2002): 267–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156402001241.

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The development of advanced MOSFETs for future IC technology generations is discussed from the perspective of the 2001 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). Starting from overall chip circuit requirements, MOSFET and front-end process integration technology requirements and scaling trends are discussed, as well as some of the key challenges and potential solutions. These include the use of high-k gate dielectrics, metal-gate electrodes, and perhaps the use of non-classical devices such as double-gate MOSFETs in the later stages of the ITRS.
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Radamson, Henry H., Xiaobin He, Qingzhu Zhang, Jinbiao Liu, Hushan Cui, Jinjuan Xiang, Zhenzhen Kong, et al. "Miniaturization of CMOS." Micromachines 10, no. 5 (April 30, 2019): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10050293.

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When the international technology roadmap of semiconductors (ITRS) started almost five decades ago, the metal oxide effect transistor (MOSFET) as units in integrated circuits (IC) continuously miniaturized. The transistor structure has radically changed from its original planar 2D architecture to today’s 3D Fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) along with new designs for gate and source/drain regions and applying strain engineering. This article presents how the MOSFET structure and process have been changed (or modified) to follow the More Moore strategy. A focus has been on methodologies, challenges, and difficulties when ITRS approaches the end. The discussions extend to new channel materials beyond the Moore era.
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Radamson, Henry H., Huilong Zhu, Zhenhua Wu, Xiaobin He, Hongxiao Lin, Jinbiao Liu, Jinjuan Xiang, et al. "State of the Art and Future Perspectives in Advanced CMOS Technology." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2020): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081555.

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The international technology roadmap of semiconductors (ITRS) is approaching the historical end point and we observe that the semiconductor industry is driving complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) further towards unknown zones. Today’s transistors with 3D structure and integrated advanced strain engineering differ radically from the original planar 2D ones due to the scaling down of the gate and source/drain regions according to Moore’s law. This article presents a review of new architectures, simulation methods, and process technology for nano-scale transistors on the approach to the end of ITRS technology. The discussions cover innovative methods, challenges and difficulties in device processing, as well as new metrology techniques that may appear in the near future.
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Choe, KyeungKeun, Kee-Won Kwon, and SoYoung Kim. "Circuit Performance Prediction of Scaled FinFET Following ITRS Roadmap based on Accurate Parasitic Compact Model." Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers 52, no. 10 (October 25, 2015): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2015.52.10.033.

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Kraus, W., and D. Schmitt-Landsiedel. "Influence of gate tunneling currents on switched capacitor integrators." Advances in Radio Science 7 (May 19, 2009): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-7-225-2009.

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Abstract. In order to achieve a higher level of integration in modern VLSI systems, not only the lateral geometrical dimensions have to be scaled. Lowering the supply voltage also requires scaling down the oxide thickness of the transistors. While the oxide thickness is scaled down proportionally with the supply voltage, the gate tunneling currents grow exponentially, which results in special issues concerning deviations in charge based analog and mixed signal circuitry. The influence of gate tunneling currents on this kind of circuits will be demonstrated at a fully differential switched capacitor integrator. The used process data is derived from the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS Roadmap, 2006). The Parameter sets for the simulations are based on the Predictive Technology Model of the Arizona State University Modelling Group for the 65 nm Technology node (Predictive Technology Model, 2008).
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Arden, Wolfgang. "Future roadblocks and solutions in silicon technology as outlined by the ITRS roadmap." Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 5, no. 4-5 (August 2002): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-8001(02)00131-2.

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Arden, Wolfgang. "Future semiconductor material requirements and innovations as projected in the ITRS 2005 roadmap." Materials Science and Engineering: B 134, no. 2-3 (October 2006): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2006.07.004.

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CRISTOLOVEANU, SORIN. "FAR–FUTURE TRENDS IN SOI TECHNOLOGY: A GUESS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 12, no. 02 (June 2002): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156402001307.

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The horizon of the Silicon On Insulator (SOI) technology is explored based on the compilation of many expert viewpoints. An SOI panel was organized at WOFE'02 with the aim of 'guessing' the shape of SOI and its industrial place in 10 years from now. SOI is expected to gradually take the role of bulk-silicon CMOS, reach the final stages of the ITRS roadmap in microelectronics, and enter the nanoelectronics world. The debate exhaustively examined the strategic and critical aspects of SOI technology. Only a few issues were retained as serious challenges.
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Xu, K., S. Pichler, Kurt Wostyn, G. Cado, C. Springer, Glenn W. Gale, Michael Dalmer, et al. "Removal of Nano-Particles by Aerosol Spray: Effect of Droplet Size and Velocity on Cleaning Performance." Solid State Phenomena 145-146 (January 2009): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.145-146.31.

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As the dimensions of the structures of integrated circuits shrink, the influence of particles on device yield becomes increasingly important. According to the cleaning requirements of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) in 2007, particles of 32 nm and larger are believed to be detrimental to devices and thus have to be removed. To remove nano-particles with minimal substrate loss and no damage requires very dilute chemistries and sufficiently gentle physical forces in a cleaning process. In this work the performance of an aerosol spray based cleaning technique is evaluated with regard to the removal efficiency of nano-particles as well as substrate loss and structural damage.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ITRS Roadmap"

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Meyendorf, N., M. Oppermann, P. Krueger, M. Roellig, and K. J. Wolter. "NDE applications in microelectronic industries." SPIE, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35100.

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New concepts in assembly technology boost our daily life in an unknown way. High end semiconductor industry today deals with functional structures down to a few nanometers. ITRS roadmap predicts an ongoing decrease of the “DRAM half pitch” over the next decade. Packaging of course is not intended to realize pitches at the nanometer scale, but has to face the challenges of integrating such semiconductor devices with smallest pitch and high pin counts into systems. Advanced techniques of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) with resolutions in volume better than 1 micrometer vixen size are urgently needed for the safety and reliability of electronic systems, especially those that are used in long living applications. The development speed of integrated circuits is still very high and is not expected to decrease in the next future. The integration density of microelectronic devices is increasing, the dimensions become smaller and the number of I/O's is getting higher. The development of new types of packages must be done with respect to reliability issues. Potential damage sources must be identified and finally avoided in the new packages. In power electronics production the condition monitoring receives a lot of interest to avoid electrical shortcuts, dead solder joints and interface crac king. It is also desired to detect and characterize very small defects like transportation phenomenon or Kirkendall voids. For this purpose, imaging technologies with resolutions in the sub-micron range are required.
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Rosenbaum, Tommy. "Performance prediction of a future silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor technology using a heterogeneous set of simulation tools and approaches." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0550/document.

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Les procédés bipolaires semi-conducteurs complémentaires à oxyde de métal (BiCMOS) peuvent être considérés comme étant la solution la plus généralepour les produits RF car ils combinent la fabrication sophistiquée du CMOSavec la vitesse et les capacités de conduction des transistors bipolaires silicium germanium(SiGe) à hétérojonction (HBT). Les HBTs, réciproquement, sontles principaux concurrents pour combler partiellement l'écart de térahertzqui décrit la plage dans laquelle les fréquences générées par les transistors etles lasers ne se chevauchent pas (environ 0.3 THz à 30 THz). A_n d'évaluerles capacités de ces dispositifs futurs, une méthodologie de prévision fiable estsouhaitable. L'utilisation d'un ensemble hétérogène d'outils et de méthodes desimulations permet d'atteindre successivement cet objectif et est avantageusepour la résolution des problèmes. Plusieurs domaines scientifiques sont combinés, tel que la technologie de conception assistée par ordinateur (TCAO),la modélisation compacte et l'extraction des paramètres.Afin de créer une base pour l'environnement de simulation et d'améliorerla confirmabilité pour les lecteurs, les modèles de matériaux utilisés pour lesapproches hydrodynamiques et de diffusion par conduction sont introduits dèsle début de la thèse. Les modèles physiques sont principalement fondés surdes données de la littérature basées sur simulations Monte Carlo (MC) ou dessimulations déterministes de l'équation de transport de Boltzmann (BTE).Néanmoins, le module de TCAO doit être aussi étalonné sur les données demesure pour une prévision fiable des performances des HBTs. L'approchecorrespondante d'étalonnage est basée sur les mesures d'une technologie depointe de HBT SiGe pour laquelle un ensemble de paramètres spécifiques àla technologie du modèle compact HICUM/L2 est extrait pour les versionsdu transistor à haute vitesse, moyenne et haute tension. En s'aidant de cesrésultats, les caractéristiques du transistor unidimensionnel qui sont généréesservent de référence pour le profil de dopage et l'étalonnage du modèle. Enélaborant des comparaisons entre les données de références basées sur les mesureset les simulations, la thèse fait progresser l'état actuel des prévisionsbasées sur la technologie CAO et démontre la faisabilité de l'approche.Enfin, une technologie future de 28nm performante est prédite en appliquantla méthodologie hétérogène. Sur la base des résultats de TCAO, leslimites de la technologie sont soulignées
Bipolar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (BiCMOS) processescan be considered as the most general solution for RF products, as theycombine the mature manufacturing tools of CMOS with the speed and drivecapabilities of silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistors(HBTs). HBTs in turn are major contenders for partially filling the terahertzgap, which describes the range in which the frequencies generated bytransistors and lasers do not overlap (approximately 0.3THz to 30 THz). Toevaluate the capabilities of such future devices, a reliable prediction methodologyis desirable. Using a heterogeneous set of simulation tools and approachesallows to achieve this goal successively and is beneficial for troubleshooting.Various scientific fields are combined, such as technology computer-aided design(TCAD), compact modeling and parameter extraction.To create a foundation for the simulation environment and to ensure reproducibility,the used material models of the hydrodynamic and drift-diffusionapproaches are introduced in the beginning of this thesis. The physical modelsare mainly based on literature data of Monte Carlo (MC) or deterministicsimulations of the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE). However, the TCADdeck must be calibrated on measurement data too for a reliable performanceprediction of HBTs. The corresponding calibration approach is based onmeasurements of an advanced SiGe HBT technology for which a technology specific parameter set of the HICUM/L2 compact model is extracted for thehigh-speed, medium-voltage and high-voltage transistor versions. With thehelp of the results, one-dimensional transistor characteristics are generatedthat serve as reference for the doping profile and model calibration. By performingelaborate comparisons between measurement-based reference dataand simulations, the thesis advances the state-of-the-art of TCAD-based predictionsand proofs the feasibility of the approach.Finally, the performance of a future technology in 28nm is predicted byapplying the heterogeneous methodology. On the basis of the TCAD results,bottlenecks of the technology are identified
Bipolare komplementäre Metall-Oxid-Halbleiter (BiCMOS) Prozesse bietenhervorragende Rahmenbedingungen um Hochfrequenzanwendungen zurealisieren, da sie die fortschrittliche Fertigungstechnik von CMOS mit derGeschwindigkeit und Treiberleistung von Silizium-Germanium (SiGe) Heterostruktur-Bipolartransistoren (HBTs) verknüpfen. Zudem sind HBTs bedeutendeWettbewerber für die teilweise Überbrückung der Terahertz-Lücke, derFrequenzbereich zwischen Transistoren (< 0.3 THz) und Lasern (> 30 THz).Um die Leistungsfähigkeit solcher zukünftigen Bauelemente zu bewerten, isteine zuverlässige Methodologie zur Vorhersage notwendig. Die Verwendungeiner heterogenen Zusammenstellung von Simulationstools und Lösungsansätzenerlaubt es dieses Ziel schrittweise zu erreichen und erleichtert die Fehler-_ndung. Verschiedene wissenschaftliche Bereiche werden kombiniert, wie zumBeispiel der rechnergestützte Entwurf für Technologie (TCAD), die Kompaktmodellierungund Parameterextraktion.Die verwendeten Modelle des hydrodynamischen Simulationsansatzes werdenzu Beginn der Arbeit vorgestellt, um die Simulationseinstellung zu erläuternund somit die Nachvollziehbarkeit für den Leser zu verbessern. Die physikalischenModelle basieren hauptsächlich auf Literaturdaten von Monte Carlo(MC) oder deterministischen Simulationen der Boltzmann-Transportgleichung(BTE). Für eine zuverlässige Vorhersage der Eigenschaften von HBTs muss dieTCAD Kon_guration jedoch zusätzlich auf der Grundlage von Messdaten kalibriertwerden. Der zugehörige Ansatz zur Kalibrierung beruht auf Messungeneiner fortschrittlichen SiGe HBT Technologie, für welche ein technologiespezifischer HICUM/L2 Parametersatz für die high-speed, medium-voltage undhigh-voltage Transistoren extrahiert wird. Mit diesen Ergebnissen werden eindimensionaleTransistorcharakteristiken generiert, die als Referenzdaten fürdie Kalibrierung von Dotierungspro_len und physikalischer Modelle genutztwerden. Der ausführliche Vergleich dieser Referenz- und Messdaten mit Simulationengeht über den Stand der Technik TCAD-basierender Vorhersagenhinaus und weist die Machbarkeit des heterogenen Ansatzes nach.Schlieÿlich wird die Leistungsfähigkeit einer zukünftigen Technologie in28nm unter Anwendung der heterogenen Methodik vorhergesagt. Anhand derTCAD Ergebnisse wird auf Engpässe der Technologie hingewiesen
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Musick, Ryland Wayne Jr. "Network Roadway Surface Friction and Its Usage to Improve Safety and Project Performance along West Virginia Highways." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96020.

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Roadway surface friction along the West Virginia Division of Highways' roadway network is key to the safety of all traveling motorists. Being geographically located in the rugged Appalachian Mountains, the West Virginia Division of Highways' roadway network is flooded with innumerable geometric and design challenges, causing drivers to have to exercise the most care and attention when navigating the network. This dissertation introduces the concept of roadway surface friction management to this network. For decades, roadway surface friction has only been tested and checked on an as-needed basis at crash sites and intersections, in legal situations, and pavement acceptance on construction projects. It also seeks to use the acquired data through a case study to insure proper methodology of roadway surface friction management, to develop sample safety performance functions and best crash estimates, and to apply this decision-making data to provide assistance and guidance in the selection of projects in the West Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program. This dissertation follows the manuscript format and is composed of three papers. The first chapter of the dissertation examines the usage of Method 3 of the AASHTO Guide for Pavement Friction and the modifications to this method to collect existing roadway surface friction data along the District Ten portion of the network. The second chapter of the dissertation discusses the development of sample safety performance functions to estimate the average number of crashes along each of the tested roadway categories: Interstate Routes, United States Routes, and West Virginia Routes. It also discussed the development of best crash estimates using the Empirical Bayes Method. This is essential to be able to forecast how crash counts should improve, given the application of various roadway improvements. The third and final chapter of the dissertation develops the case study based on the District Ten portion of the network and shows how to enhance project selection in the West Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program. This is completed by applying the safety performance functions and best crash estimates from the second chapter to arrive at real friction numbers for the network and their project impacts.
Doctor of Philosophy
Roadway surface friction along the West Virginia Division of Highways' roadway network is key to the safety of all traveling motorists. Being geographically located in the rugged Appalachian Mountains, the West Virginia Division of Highways' roadway network is flooded with innumerable geometric and design challenges, causing drivers to have to exercise the most care and attention when navigating the network. This dissertation introduces the concept of roadway surface friction management to this network. For decades, roadway surface friction has only been tested and checked on an as-needed basis at crash sites and intersections, in legal situations, and pavement acceptance on construction projects. It also seeks to use the acquired data through a case study to insure proper methodology of roadway surface friction management, to develop sample safety performance functions and best crash estimates, and to apply this decision-making data to provide assistance and guidance in the selection of projects in the West Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program. This dissertation follows the manuscript format and is composed of three papers. The first chapter of the dissertation examines the usage of Method 3 of the AASHTO Guide for Pavement Friction and the modifications to this method to collect existing roadway surface friction data along the District Ten portion of the network. The second chapter of the dissertation discusses the development of sample safety performance functions to estimate the average number of crashes along each of the tested roadway categories: Interstate Routes, United States Routes, and West Virginia Routes. It also discussed the development of best crash estimates using the Empirical Bayes Method. This is essential to be able to forecast how crash counts should improve, given the application of various roadway improvements. The third and final chapter of the dissertation develops the case study based on the District Ten portion of the network and shows how to enhance project selection in the West Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program. This is completed by applying the safety performance functions and best crash estimates from the second chapter to arrive at real friction numbers for the network and their project impacts.
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Gonzalez-Velez, Enrique. "Safety Evaluation of Roadway Lighting Illuminance Levels and its Relationship with Nighttime Crash Injury Severity for West Central Florida Region." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3122.

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The main role of roadway lighting is to produce quick, accurate and comfortable visibility during nighttime conditions. It is commonly known that good lighting levels enable motorists, pedestrians and bicyclists to obtain necessary visual information in an effective and efficient manner. Many previous studies also proved that roadway lighting minimizes the likelihood of crashes by providing better visibility for roadway users. Appropriate and adequate roadway lighting illuminance levels for each roadway classification and pedestrian areas are essential to provide safe and comfortable usage. These levels are usually provided by national, or local standards and guidelines. The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) Plan Preparation Manual recommends a roadway lighting illuminance level average standard of 1.0 horizontal foot candle (fc) for all the roadway segments used in this research. The FDOT Plan Preparation Manual also states that this value should be considered standard, but should be increased if necessary to maintain an acceptable uniformity illuminance ratio. This study aimed to find the relationship between nighttime crash injury severity and roadway lighting illuminance. To accomplish this, the research team analyzed crash data and roadway lighting illuminance measured in roadway segments within the West Central Florida Region. An Ordered Probit Model was developed to understand the relationship between roadway lighting illuminance levels and crash injury severity. Additionally, a Negative Binomial Model was used to determine which roadway lighting illuminance levels can be more beneficial in reducing the counts of crashes resulting in injuries. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using longitudinal studies with and without roadway lighting. Results showed that on the same roadways there was a significant decrease in the number of nighttime crashes with the presence of roadway lighting. In this research, roadway lighting illuminance was measured every 40 feet using an Advanced Lighting Measurement System (ALMS) on a total of 245 centerline miles of roadway segments within the West Central Florida Region. The data were mapped and then analyzed using the existing mile post. During the process of crash data analysis, it was observed that rear-end collisions were the most common first harmful event observed in all crashes, regardless of the lighting conditions. Meanwhile, the average injury severity for all crashes, was found to be possible injury regardless of the lighting conditions (day, dark, dusk, and dawn). Finally, this research presented an Ordered Probit Model, developed to understand the existing relationship between roadway lighting illuminance levels and injury severity within the West Central Florida Region. It was observed that having a roadway lighting average moving illuminance range between 0.4 to 0.6 foot candles (fc) was more likely to have a positive effect in reducing the probability of injury severity during a nighttime crash. A Negative Binomial Model was conducted to determine if the roadway lighting average moving illuminance level, found on the Ordered Probit Model was beneficial in reducing crash injury severity during nighttime, would also be beneficial in reducing the counts of crashes resulting in injuries. It was observed that a roadway lighting average moving illuminance, range between 0.4 to 0.6 fc, was more likely to reduce the count of crashes resulting in injuries during nighttime conditions, thus increasing roadway safety. It was also observed that other factors such as pavement condition, site location (intersection or no intersection), number of lanes, and traffic volume can affect the severity and counts of nighttime crashes. The results of this study suggest that simply adding more roadway lighting does not make the roadway safer. The fact is that a reduction in the amount of roadway lighting illuminance can produce savings in energy consumption and help the environment by reducing light pollution. Moreover, these results show that designing roadway lighting systems go beyond the initial design process, it also requires continuous maintenance. Furthermore, regulations for new developments and the introduction of additional lighting sources near roadway facilities (that are not created with the intent of being used for roadway users) need to be created.
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Ishii, Kiyo, Osamu Moriwaki, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Ken-ichi Sato, Yoshiteru Jinnouchi, Masayuki Okuno, and Hiroshi Takahashi. "Efficient ROADM-ring connecting node switch architecture that utilizes waveband routing and its realization with PLC technologies." IEEE, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14030.

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Johnston, Andrew Hayden 1979. "Sustainable energy roadmap for Austin : how Austin Energy can optimize its energy efficiency." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-12-2070.

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This report asks how Austin Energy can optimally operate residential energy efficiency and demand side management programs including demand response measures. Efficient energy use is the act of using less energy to provide the same level of service. Demand side management encompasses utility initiatives that modify the level and pattern of electrical use by customers, without adjusting consumer behavior. Demand side management is required when a utility must respond to increasing energy needs, or demand, by its customers. In order to achieve the 20% carbon emissions and 800 MW peak demand reductions mandate of the Generation, Resource and Climate Plan, AE must aggressively pursue an increase in customer participation by expanding education and technical services, enlist the full functionality of a smart grid and subsequently reduce energy consumption, peak demand, and greenhouse gas emissions. Energy efficiency is in fact the cheapest source of energy that Austin Energy has at its disposal between 2010 and 2020. But this service threatens Austin Energy’s revenues. With the ascent of onsite renewable energy generation and advanced demand side management, utilities must address the ways they generate revenues. As greenhouse gas emissions regulations lurk on the horizon, the century-old business model of “spinning meters” will be fundamentally challenged nationally in the coming years. Austin Energy can develop robust analytical methods to determine its most cost-effective energy efficiency options, while creating a clear policy direction of promoting energy efficiency while addressing the three-fold challenges of peak demand, greenhouse gas emissions and total energy savings. This report concludes by providing market-transforming recommendations for Austin Energy.
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Kleven, Jay R. "Mechanical properties of excess foundry system sand and an evaluation of its use in roadway structural fill." 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/48089349.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1998.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-139).
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Books on the topic "ITRS Roadmap"

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security. The Department of Homeland Security: An assessment of the department and a roadmap for its future : hearing before the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, second session, September 20, 2012. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2013.

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Lepora, Nathan F., Paul F. M. J. Verschure, and Tony J. Prescott. A roadmap for Living Machines research. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0003.

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This roadmap identifies current trends in biomimetic and biohybrid systems together with their implications for future research and innovation. Important questions include the scale at which these systems are defined, the types of biological systems addressed, the kind of principles sought, the differences between biologically based and biologically inspired approaches, the role in the understanding of living systems, relevant application domains, common benchmarks, the relation to other fields, and developments on the horizon. We interviewed and collated answers from experts who have been involved a series of events organized by the Convergent Science Network. These answers were then collated into themes of research. Overall, we see a field rapidly expanding in influence and impact. As such, this report will provide information to researchers and scientific policy makers on contemporary biomimetics and its future, together with pointers to further reading on relevant topics within this handbook.
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It's Not You, It's Your Money: Your Roadmap To a Positive And Proactive Relationship With Money. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016.

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McMahon. Longitudinal Model Development for Automated Roadway Vehicles/Ucb-Its-Prr-89-5. Inst of Transportation Studies, 1992.

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Buchanan, Ben. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190665012.003.0001.

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The introduction lays out the core argument of the book: that the security dilemma—the unintentional way in which states can threaten other states—applies to cyber operations. It demonstrates that cyber operations are a fundamental part of modern statecraft, and that the tools that scholars and practitioners have long used are useful in this new domain when coupled with new sources like intrusion reports. This chapter also outlines a roadmap of the rest of the book and explains the sourcing and methods, including its use of intrusion reports and documents leaked by Edward Snowden.
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Galynker, Igor. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190260859.003.0001.

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One of the most difficult determinations a psychiatrist makes is whether the chronically suicidal patient is at risk for imminent suicide. The Introduction presents the challenges of the imminent risk assessment and explains the purpose of The Suicidal Narrative—the first clinical guide to such an assessment. It introduces the distinction between long-term and short-term suicide risk, highlights the lack of structured instruments for imminent risk assessment, and discusses the advantages of multimodal and multi-informant assessment methods. It then describes intended uses of the guide, lists its inherent limitations, and identifies possible areas of unintended misuse. The Introduction concludes by naming the main intended use of The Suicidal Narrative: as a roadmap for a comprehensive assessment of imminent suicide risk in diverse clinical settings.
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Zürn, Michael. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819974.003.0001.

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Contrary to the view of a perpetual battle between two imaginaries of world politics, it is argued in this book that world politics is now embedded in a normative and institutional structure that contains hierarchies and power inequalities and thus endogenously produces contestation, resistance, and distributional struggles. The Introduction lays out the argument, discusses its theoretical building blocks, and provides a roadmap of the arguments in the book. First, the Introduction grasps global governance as a political system that builds on normative principles and reflexive authorities. Second, it points to the central legitimation problems of the global governance system and how these legitimation problems lead to state and societal contestation by identifying endogenous dynamics. It also discusses the theoretical building blocks of a theory of global governance and includes an outline of the book.
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Kwame Harrison, Anthony. Writing Up Ethnographic Methodologies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199371785.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 offers a roadmap for presenting ethnographic methodologies that emphasizes the importance of contextualizing both the researcher and the experiences of research. Building on Chapter 2’s discussion of research design, the author argues that writing up ethnographic methodologies is less about outlining specific research steps and procedures and more about providing a good-faith accounting of the context and conditions surrounding the work. The author details the historical rise of self-consciousness in ethnography, explaining that its emergence both raised the profile of the ethnographer as an actor in research situations and, in turn, set the stage for ethnography’s reflexive, critical, and collaborative turns. The author next presents a series of goals to which contemporary ethnographers should aspire when representing their research experiences. The chapter closes with an elaboration on the different ways methodological discussions have been placed within ethnographic texts.
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Reiser, Dana Brakman, and Steven A. Dean. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190249786.003.0001.

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This introduction provides an overview of the challenges social enterprises face in raising capital and briefly describes the authors’ array of potential solutions, grounded in finance, corporate governance and contract law. It argues that to distinguish themselves from conventional for-profit ventures, social enterprises must broadcast their commitment to pursuing a social mission as well as profits. The chapter then explains that, although the law has evolved to accept the existence of social enterprises, it does not offer them a means to prove that they are what they claim to be. The introduction briefly articulates how social enterprise law could make the leap from permissive to protective—the topic the rest of the book will explore comprehensively. It concludes with a roadmap of the remaining chapters, which trace the history of social enterprise law and chart its possible future.
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Ayyar, R. V. Vaidyanatha. Revision of Programme of Action, 1986. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474943.003.0008.

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This chapter describes the process and outcome of the revision of POA. The revision of POA had two objectives: first, spelling out the roadmap and a timeline for implementation of the revised policy postulates of NPE, 1986, and secondly taking stock of the implementation of the POA, 1986, and revising it in the light of the feedback from implementation. It critiques the contribution POA made to development of education. The most important contribution is the new district-based strategy it commended for universalization of elementary education; this strategy operationalized by DPEP and its progeny SSA spectacularly hastened the nation’s march towards universal elementary education. The Chapter describes the efforts of MHRD to implement the recommendations of the Ramamurti Committee regarding financing of higher education. It critiques the revision of fees by IITs and IIMs, the recommendations of the Punnayya Committee on the financing of Central universities and of the Swaminadhan Committee on technical education, and the implementation of those recommendations.
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Book chapters on the topic "ITRS Roadmap"

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Burghartz, Joachim N. "Thin Chips on the ITRS Roadmap." In Ultra-thin Chip Technology and Applications, 13–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7276-7_2.

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Hoefflinger, Bernd. "ITRS 2028—International Roadmap of Semiconductors." In The Frontiers Collection, 143–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22093-2_7.

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Hoefflinger, Bernd. "ITRS: The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors." In The Frontiers Collection, 161–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23096-7_7.

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Tanabe, R., Y. Ashizawa, and H. Oka. "CMOS Scaling Analysis based on ITRS Roadmap by Three-dimensional Mixed-mode Device Simulation." In Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices 2004, 303–6. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0624-2_71.

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Kim, HeeJoon, Tadaaki Shimizu, Itaru Kourakata, and Yoshihiko Takahashi. "Topic: Energy Recovery from Mushroom Culture Waste and the Use of Its Ash as Fertilizer." In Energy Technology Roadmaps of Japan, 455–58. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55951-1_33.

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Arenaz, Manuel, Oscar Hernandez, and Dirk Pleiter. "The Technological Roadmap of Parallware and Its Alignment with the OpenPOWER Ecosystem." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 237–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67630-2_19.

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Chaudhry, Rastee, and Abdullah Waqar Tajwar. "The Punjab Schools Reform Roadmap: A Medium-Term Evaluation." In Implementing Deeper Learning and 21st Education Reforms, 109–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57039-2_5.

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Abstract In 2010, a whole-system reform was designed and launched in the Punjab province of Pakistan called the Punjab Schools Reform Roadmap (PSRR). This reform was a direct response to the challenges of education in the province at the time, which included scale, capacity to deliver, and political will. Further, 2010 was a time at which the political and administrative landscape of Pakistan was changing: the right to education act had just been formalized and education was simultaneously devolved from a federal matter to a provincial one. This chapter studies the outcomes of the PSRR a decade after its implementation with an emphasis on three dimensions of the reform: management capacity, teacher capacity and monitoring & information systems. Specifically, we discuss the above with reference to increasing access to and quality of education in the province while also analyzing the outcomes and sustainability of the reform 10 years from its inception.
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Dalal, Priya, Gaurav Aggarwal, and Sanjay Tejasvee. "Subsequent Technologies Behind IoT and Its Development Roadmap Toward Integrated Healthcare Prototype Models." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 57–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3067-5_6.

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Yas, Murat, Hakan Aslan, and Mucahit Ozdemir. "Modern History of Islamic Finance and a Strategic Roadmap for Its Development in Turkey." In Turkish Economy, 213–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70380-0_10.

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Agostini, Marisa. "Corporate Financial Distress: A Roadmap of the Academic Literature Concerning its Definition and Tools of Evaluation." In Corporate Financial Distress, 5–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78500-4_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "ITRS Roadmap"

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Diebold, A. C. "The ITRS metrology roadmap." In 2009 International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isdrs.2009.5378220.

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Diebold, Alain C. "Impact of the ITRS Metrology Roadmap." In The 2000 international conference on characterization and metrology for ULSI technology. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1354374.

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Gargini, Paolo A. "Roadmap evolution: from NTRS to ITRS, from ITRS 2.0 to IRDS." In International Conference on Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography, edited by Paolo A. Gargini, Kurt G. Ronse, Patrick P. Naulleau, and Toshiro Itani. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2280803.

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"“Roadmap evolution: From NTRS to ITRS, from ITRS 2.0 to IRDS." In 2017 Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Energy Efficient Electronic Systems & Steep Transistors Workshop (E3S). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/e3s.2017.8246153.

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Diebold, Alain C., and David C. Joy. "1999 ITRS metrology roadmap and its implications for lithography." In Microlithography 2000, edited by Neal T. Sullivan. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.386443.

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Kahng, Andrew B. "The ITRS design technology and system drivers roadmap." In the 50th Annual Design Automation Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2463209.2488776.

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Jeong, Kwangok, and Andrew B. Kahng. "A power-constrained MPU roadmap for the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS)." In 2009 International SoC Design Conference (ISOCC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/socdc.2009.5423856.

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Carballo, Juan-Antonio, Wei-Ting Jonas Chan, Paolo A. Gargini, Andrew B. Kahng, and Siddhartha Nath. "ITRS 2.0: Toward a re-framing of the Semiconductor Technology Roadmap." In 2014 32nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2014.6974673.

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Chan, Wei-Ting Jonas, Andrew B. Kahng, Siddhartha Nath, and Ichiro Yamamoto. "The ITRS MPU and SOC system drivers: Calibration and implications for design-based equivalent scaling in the roadmap." In 2014 32nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2014.6974675.

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Qu, Yan, Ekachai Puttitwong, John R. Howell, Ofodike A. Ezekoye, and Kenneth S. Ball. "Drawdown-Effect of Lightpipes in Silicon Wafer Surface Temperature Measurements." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72203.

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Lightpipe radiation thermometers (LPRTs) have been widely used for temperature measurement in the semiconductor industries. According to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors 2004 (ITRS), temperatures for semiconductor wafer processing should be measurable to within an uncertainty of ± 1.5°C at 1,000 °C with temperature calibration traceable to ITS (international temperature standard)-90. To achieve this uncertainty, there are several issues associated with LPRTs to be resolved. The “draw-down effect” is the one that will be examined in this paper. We discuss this effect both experimentally and numerically in the temperature range of 500°C to 900°C.
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Reports on the topic "ITRS Roadmap"

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Veliadis, Victor, Robert Kaplar, Jon Zhang, Sameh Khalil, Jack Flicker, Jason Neely, Andrew Binder, et al. ITRW: Formulating a Roadmap for WBG and UWBG Materials and Devices. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1762661.

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Altamirano, Álvaro, and Nicole Amaral. A Skills Taxonomy for LAC: Lessons Learned and a Roadmap for Future Users. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002898.

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This note brings together lessons from the IDBs and other institutions efforts to adapt a skills taxonomy for Latin America and the Caribbean countries. These efforts have focused primarily on the ability to gather and make use of labor market information on skills demand from non-traditional data sources like online job vacancies. Most of these efforts have used the European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations (ESCO) taxonomy to underpin the identification and classification of skills. This note is intended to be a starting point and set of considerations for policymakers who may be considering, or already embarking on, similar efforts to use ESCO or other taxonomical structures to help better analyze, understand and use skills-level information for decision making. It also seeks to motivate the need for additional classification systems that help governments take stock of its citizens skills in increasingly complex and rapidly changing labor markets.
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Tarko, Andrew P., Qiming Guo, and Raul Pineda-Mendez. Using Emerging and Extraordinary Data Sources to Improve Traffic Safety. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317283.

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The current safety management program in Indiana uses a method based on aggregate crash data for conditions averaged over several-year periods with consideration of only major roadway features. This approach does not analyze the risk of crashes potentially affected by time-dependent conditions such as traffic control, operations, weather and their interaction with road geometry. With the rapid development of data collection techniques, time-dependent data have emerged, some of which have become available for safety management. This project investigated the feasibility of using emerging and existing data sources to supplement the current safety management practices in Indiana and performed a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the new data sources and their relevance to traffic safety analysis. In two case studies, time-dependent data were acquired and integrated to estimate their effects on the hourly probability of crash and its severity on two selected types of roads: (1) rural freeways and (2) signalized intersections. The results indicate a considerable connection between hourly traffic volume, average speeds, and weather conditions on the hourly probability of crash and its severity. Although some roadway geometric features were found to affect safety, the lack of turning volume data at intersections led to some counterintuitive results. Improvements have been identified to be implemented in the next phase of the project to eliminate these undesirable results.
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Adsit, Sarah E., Theodora Konstantinou, Konstantina Gkritza, and Jon D. Fricker. Public Acceptance of INDOT’s Traffic Engineering Treatments and Services. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317280.

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As a public agency, interacting with and understanding the public’s perspective regarding agency activities is an important endeavor for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). Although INDOT conducts a biennial customer satisfaction survey, it is occasionally necessary to capture public perception regarding more specific aspects of INDOT’s activities. In particular, INDOT needs an effective way to measure and track public opinions and awareness or understanding of a select set of its traffic engineering practices. To evaluate public acceptance of specific INDOT traffic engineering activities, a survey consisting of 1.000 adults residing within the State of Indiana was conducted. The survey population was representative in terms of age and gender of the state as of the 2010 U.S. Census. The survey was administered during the months of July and August 2020. Public awareness regarding emerging treatments not currently implemented in Indiana is low and opposition to the same new technologies is prominent. Older or female drivers are less likely to be aware of emerging treatments, and older drivers are more likely to oppose potential implementation of these treatments. Although roundabouts are commonplace in Indiana, multi-lane roundabouts remain controversial among the public. Regarding maintenance and protection of traffic during work zones and considering full or partial roadway closure, public preference is for partial closure; this preference is stronger in rural areas. The public equally agrees and disagrees that INDOT minimizes construction related traffic delays. Approximately 76% of Indiana drivers believe themselves to above average drivers, while an additional 23% believe themselves to be average. Driver perceptions of average highway speeds speed are not aligned with posted speed limit as the perceived average speed on Indiana’s urban freeways and rural and urban state highways is considerably higher than the actual speed limit.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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