Relevant bibliographies by topics / ITRT

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Academic literature on the topic 'ITRT'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "ITRT"

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Piatkowska, Magdalena, Jan Styczynski, Beata Kolodziej, Beata Kurylo-Rafinska, Malgorzata Kubicka, Monika Pogorzala, Krzysztof Czyzewski, et al. "Individualized Tumor Response Testing (ITRT) Profile Has a Prognostic Value in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Acute Non-Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ANLL): The Multicenter Non-Interventional Long-Term Follow-up Study of Polish Pediatric Leukemia Study Group." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.1456.1456.

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Abstract Abstract 1456 BACKGROUND: Individualized tumor response testing (ITRT) is a recently accepted term for ex vivo drug resistance profile testing in cancer patients. Previous studies have shown that ITRT results in children correspond with clinical response in initial acute lymphoblastic leukemia (iALL), but not in initial acute myeloid leukemia (iAML). ITRT combined profile to prednisolone, vincristine, and L-asparaginase (PVA score) showed a strong association with clinical outcome in iALL (Den Boer et al JCO; Hollemann et al, NEJM). OBJECTIVE: Polish Pediatric Leukemia Study Group carried out between 1999–2010 a multi-institutional, non-interventional study on correlation between ITRT profile and clinical response in long-term follow-up. The objective of the study was to assess the role of ITRT profile as prognostic factor in childhood iALL and iAML. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total number of 998 children (median age 6.5 yrs, range 3 days - 21 yrs) were enrolled into the study, including 817 with initial ALL (iALL) and 181 children with initial AML (iAML). The median follow-up was 4.6 yrs (range 0–10,4). ITRT (ex vivo drug resistance profile) was determined by the MTT assay. Following drugs were tested: prednisolone (P), vincristine (V), L-asparaginase (A), daunorubicin (D), doxorubicin (Dox), idarubicin (I), mitoxantrone (M), cytarabine (C), busulfan (B) and etoposide (E). Apart from ITRT to single drugs, combined ex vivo drug resistance profiles PVA, PVADC, PVADoxC in iALL and CVIDM in iAML were also determined. Probability of DFS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in Cox regression model. RESULTS: (1) For iALL patients, neither single drug nor 3-drugs PVA combined ITRT profile had prognostic value for pDFS. 5-drug PVADC and PVADoxC profiles had predictive values, with p-values 0.049 and 0.017, respectively. For 295 iALL patients with ITRT-sensitive PVADC profile, 5-year pDFS=0.892. No ITRT factor was discriminative between very early, early and late ALL relapses. In univariate analysis in Cox model, following factors had prognostic value for pDFS in iALL: steroid resistance by day 8 (p=0.002), bone marrow (BM) response by day 15 (p=0.005), BM response by day 33 (p=0.001) and PVADC ITRT profile (p=0.052). In multivariate analysis in Cox model, only BM response by day 33 (p=0.001) had prognostic value for pDFS in iALL, while bone marrow BM by day 15 had borderline significance (p=0.055). (2) For iAML patients, ITRT to cytarabine had an impact on pDFS (0.81 vs 0.63, p=0.047). For 55 iAML patients with ITRT-sensitive to cytarabine, 5-year pDFS=0.816. 5-drug CVIDM profile had also predictive values, with p-value 0.020. No ITRT factor was discriminative between very early, and late AML relapses. In univariate analysis in Cox model, no factor had prognostic value for pDFS in iAML, while ITRT to cytarabine almost reached significance (p=0.054). Multivariate analysis for iAML was not performed. CONCLUSION: Ex vivo drug resistance profile (ITRT) can be regarded as a risk factor in childhood acute leukemias. Combined ITRT profile to prednisolone, vincristine, L-asparaginase, daunorubicin and cytarabine (PVADC) has predictive value in pediatric iALL, while ITRT profile to cytarabine has prognostic value in pediatric iAML. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Supported by grants: EFS-POKL.04.01.01-00-191/08-00 nr 1/2010; MNiSW Nr N N407 541339; MNiSW Nr N407 078 32/2964; UMK 09/2009; UMK 10/2009. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Styczynski, Jan, Anna Jaworska-Posadzy, Malgorzata Kubicka, Robert Debski, Beata Kurylo-Rafinska, Beata Kolodziej, Monika Pogorzala, Magdalena Piatkowska, Krzysztof Czyzewski, and Mariusz Wysocki. "Patterns of Individual Tumor Response Testing (ITRT) and Bone Marrow Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) On Day 15 of Therapy in Childhood Precursor-B-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): MRD and Ex Vivo Drug Resistance Have Similar Predictive Value of Relapse." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 2448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2448.2448.

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Abstract Abstract 2448 Introduction: The speed of blast clearance during therapy is a major prognostic factor of outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Blast count in the peripheral blood on day 8, or in the bone marrow on day 15 and day 33, have been widely used to deliver risk-directed therapy. Another approach to measure the speed of leukemia clearance is the detection of minimal residual disease during induction therapy, as well as at days 33 and 78 of therapy. In vitro measurements of drug resistance (called recently as ITRT, individual tumor resistance testing) in leukemic cells obtained at diagnosis have been of prognostic significance in the prediction of clinical outcome in selected groups of patients. Objective: The analysis of the prognostic impact of (A) residual disease (MRD) at day 15 of induction therapy; (B) in vitro drug resistance at diagnosis (ITRT), (C) correlation of MRD and ITRT, and (D) multivariate analysis of prognostic role of MRD, ITRT, initial factors and initial therapy response to the risk of relapse. Patients and Methods: A total number of 87 children (aged 1–18 years) diagnosed for pre-B-ALL, treated either with ALL-BMF-90 or ALL-IC-2002 protocol were included into the study. ITRT was tested at diagnosis by the MTT assay. Residual disease at day 15 was measured by flow cytometry and determined for cut-off value BML15<0.5%. The median follow-up was 8.9 yrs (range, 0–11.5). Following drugs were tested: prednisolone, dexamethasone, vincristine, L-asparaginase, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, etoposide and cytarabine. PVA score was determined as combined ITRT profile to prednisolone, vincristine and L-asparaginase. Results: (A) The overall pDFS was 0.721±0.052 and the mean survival 9.1 yrs (95%CI=8.2–9.9). Patients with BML15<0.5% had pDFS=0.816±0.055, while those with BML15>0.5% had pDFS=0.542±0.098 (p=0.009, log-rank). The risk of relapse in BML15-positive patients was 3.0-fold higher (1.3–7.1, p=0.013). (B) pDFS was significantly better for patients with sensitive ITRT profile to: PVA (1.00±0.00 vs 0.61±0.06, p=0.002), prednisolone (0.89±0.05 vs 0.54±0.08, p=00002), vincristine (0.84±0.06 vs 0.61±0.08, p=0.035), daunorubicin (0.094±0.04 vs 0.51±0.08, p=0.00002), and L-asparaginase (0.84±0.06 vs 0.59±0.08, p=0.009). In multivariate analysis in Cox model, the prognostic value was retained only for ITRT for prednisolone (p=0.013, HR=0.08, 95%CI=0.01–0.6) and daunorubicin (p=0.004, HR=0.05, 95%CI=0.01–0.4), while ITRT for PVA score was below of significance (p=0.068, HR=0.03, 95%CI=0.01–1.3). (C) Patients with MRD-positive ALL at day 15 (BML15>0.5%) had higher ITRT for following drugs: doxorubicin (p=0.005, RR=1.8, Mann-Whitney U test), L-asparaginase (p=0.029, RR=3.2), and etoposide (p=0.055, RR=4.1), while no differences were found for other drugs. In multivariate logistic regression, the significance impact to development of BML15>0.5% was found for doxorubicin (p=0.035, OR=0.33) and etoposide (p=0.048, OR=0.14). (D) In multivariate analysis in Cox model for relapse risk, three factors had predictive value: BML15>0.5% (p=0.010, OR=3.3, 95%CI=1.3–8.2), ITRT for prednisolone (p=0.012, OR=4.4, 95%CI=1.4–13) and ITRT for daunorubicin (p=0.018, OR=5.9, 95%CI=1.4–26), while age, prednisolone-poor-response at day 8, BM response at day 15, BM response at day 33, and BCR-ABL rearrangement had no significant value. Conclusions: Patients with residual disease at day 15 had 3-fold higher risk of relapse. Patients with resistant ITRT profile to prednisolone and daunorubicin had respectively 12- and 20-fold higher risk of relapse. Presence of residual blasts at day 15 correlates with ITRT to etoposide and doxorubicin. Finally, persistence of blast in marrow at day 15 (BML15>0.5%) and ex vivo drug resistance (ITRT) to prednisolone and to daunorubicin were the strongest prognostic factors predicting relapse in childhood ALL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Li, Peng, Peng Guan, Jun Zheng, Bin Dou, Hong Tian, Xinsheng Duan, and Hejuan Liu. "Field Test and Numerical Simulation on Heat Transfer Performance of Coaxial Borehole Heat Exchanger." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 5471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205471.

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Ground thermal properties are the design basis of ground source heat pumps (GSHP). However, effective ground thermal properties cannot be obtained through the traditional thermal response test (TRT) method when it is used in the coaxial borehole heat exchanger (CBHE). In this paper, an improved TRT (ITRT) method for CBHE is proposed, and the field ITRT, based on the actual project, is carried out. The high accuracy of the new method is verified by laboratory experiments. Based on the results of the ITRT and laboratory experiment, the 3D numerical model for CBHE is established, in which the flow directions, sensitivity analysis of heat transfer characteristics, and optimization of circulation flow rate are studied, respectively. The results show that CBHE should adopt the anulus-in direction under the cooling condition, and the center-in direction under the heating condition. The influence of inlet temperature and flow rate on heat transfer rate is more significant than that of the backfill grout material, thermal conductivity of the inner pipe, and borehole depth. The circulating flow rate of CBHE between 0.3 m/s and 0.4 m/s can lead to better performance for the system.
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Lin, Lanjin, Guohao Sun, Ziyang Cheng, and Zishu He. "Long-Time Coherent Integration for Maneuvering Target Detection Based on ITRT-MRFT." IEEE Sensors Journal 20, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 3718–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2019.2960323.

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Takayama, Toshio, Masahiko Tsurumaru, Yoshiaki Kajiyama, Yoshimi Iwanuma, Natsumi Tomita, Takayuki Amano, Fuyumi Isayama, and Tomoaki Ito. "Setting of the candidate exposure conditions in an individualized tumor response testing (ITRT) toward an individual chemotherapy for esophageal cancer." Esophagus 5, no. 2 (June 2008): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10388-008-0154-z.

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Wunderlich, Kerstin, Esmeralda van der Helm, Dirk Spek, Mark Vermeulen, Adile Gecgel, Maria Grazia Pau, Jort Vellinga, and Jerome Custers. "An alternative to the adenovirus inverted terminal repeat sequence increases the viral genome replication rate and provides a selective advantage in vitro." Journal of General Virology 95, no. 7 (July 1, 2014): 1574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.064840-0.

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During the development of human adenovirus 35-derived replication-incompetent (rAd35) vaccine vectors for prevention of infectious diseases, we detected mutations in the terminal 8 nt of the inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) of rAd35. The switch from the plasmid-encoded sequence 5′-CATCATCA-3′ to the alternative sequence 5′-CTATCTAT-3′ in the ITRs was found to be a general in vitro propagation phenomenon, as shown for several vectors carrying different transgenes or being derived from different adenovirus serotypes. In each tested case, the plasmid-encoded ITR sequence changed to exactly the same alternative ITR sequence, 5′-CTATCTAT-3′. The outgrowth of this alternative ITR version should result from a growth advantage conferred by the alternative ITR sequence. Indeed, replication kinetics studies of rAd35 harbouring either the original or alternative ITR sequence confirmed an increase in replication speed for rAd35 vectors with the alternative ITR sequence. These findings can be applied to generate recombinant adenoviral vectors harbouring the alternative ITR sequence, which will facilitate the generation of genetically homogeneous seed virus batches. Moreover, vector production may be accelerated by taking advantage of the observed improved replication kinetics associated with the alternative ITR sequence.
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Styczynski, Jan, Beata Kurylo-Rafinska, Malgorzata Kubicka, Beata Kolodziej, Monika Pogorzala, Krzysztof Czyzewski, Robert Debski, et al. "Differential in Vitro Drug Resistance Profile Between First and Second Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia in Children." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 3696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3696.3696.

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Abstract Introduction: In vitro drug resistance profile has so far provided information on chemosensitivity of leukemic cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Previous studies have shown that for most tested drugs, patients with relapse had higher IRTR than those with de novo ALL or AML. The objective of this study was the analysis and comparison of the individualized tumor response testing (ITRT) between first and second relapse in children with ALL or AML. Patients: A total of 186 pediatric leukemic samples (154 ALL and 32 AML) were tested for ex vivo chemosensitivity for up to 22 drugs. ALL samples included 113 samples obtained at first relapse, and 41 obtained at second relapse. AML samples included 22 samples obtained at first relapse, and 10 obtained at second leukemic relapse. The distribution of patients between first and second relapse groups was comparable. Methods: In vitro drug resistance was tested by the MTT assay. The drug concentration that was inhibitory to 50% of the cells (IC50) was calculated from the dose-response curve and was used as a measure of ex vivo drug resistance for each sample. The relative resistance (RR) between groups analyzed for each drug was calculated as the ratio of the mean values of the IC50 of the respective groups for this drug. Only patients who had a successful MTT assay at diagnosis were included in the study. The following drugs were used: prednisolone, dexamethasone, vincristine, idarubicin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, L-asparaginase, cytarabine, fludarabine, cladribine, clofarabine, treosulfan, thiotepa, melphalan, 4-HOO-cyclophosphamide, 4-HOO-ifosfamide, bortezomib, busulfan, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thioguanine. For patients with ALL, combined drug resistance profile to prednisolone, vincristine and L-asparaginase (PVA score) was also analyzed. Results: ALL: In comparison to first relapse, second relapsed childhood ALL were more resistant to most of tested drugs. Median PVA score in multiple relapsed patients was 8 vs 6 for patients at first relapse (p=0.004). The median relative resistance value between patients with multiple relapse and those with first relapse for all tested drugs was 2.0, indicating higher drug resistance on second relapse. Multiple relapsed ALL samples were more drug resistant to: prednisolone (>1.9-fold), dexamethasone (>1.5-fold), vincristine (3.1-fold), L-asparaginase (5-fold), mitoxantrone (2.4-fold), cytarabine (4.3-fold), mercaptopurine (2.2-fold), thioguanine (4.8-fold), etoposide (2.6-fold) and melphalan (2.7-fold). On the other hand, lymphoblasts at second relapse were comparably resistant to: daunorubicin, doxorubicin, 4-HOO-cyclophosphamide, 4-HOO-ifosfamide, busulfan, treosulfan, fludarabine, clofarabine and bortezomib. No drug showed a trend towards better cellular sensitivity at first versus second relapse. AML: No significant differences between ITRT at first and second relapse of childhood AML were found. Of the all drugs analyzed, no drug was found for which significantly higher resistance of myeloblasts was observed at second relapse when compared to first relapse of AML. The median RR value between second and first relapse of all tested drugs was 1.0; for 10 drugs the RR was less than 1 (i.e. assumed better sensitivity on subsequent relapse) and for another 11 drugs, the RR value was greater than 1 (i.e. higher drug resistance on subsequent relapse). No drug showed a trend towards better cellular sensitivity at first versus subsequent relapse, as the differences were not significant for each tested drug. Conclusion: In comparison to first relapse, leukemic blasts of children at second relapse of ALL are more in vitro resistant to most of tested drugs. Contrary, myeloblasts of children at second relapse of AML show drug resistance comparable to first relapse. (This study was supported by NCN Grant DEC-2011/03/D/NZ5/05749.) Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Chiorini, John A., Sandra Afione, and Robert M. Kotin. "Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Type 5 Rep Protein Cleaves a Unique Terminal Resolution Site Compared with Other AAV Serotypes." Journal of Virology 73, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 4293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.5.4293-4298.1999.

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ABSTRACT Adeno-associated virus (AAV) replication depends on two viral components for replication: the AAV nonstructural proteins (Rep) intrans, and inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequences incis. AAV type 5 (AAV5) is a distinct virus compared to the other cloned AAV serotypes. Whereas the Rep proteins and ITRs of other serotypes are interchangeable and can be used to produce recombinant viral particles of a different serotype, AAV5 Rep proteins cannot cross-complement in the packaging of a genome with an AAV2 ITR. In vitro replication assays indicated that the block occurs at the level of replication instead of at viral assembly. AAV2 and AAV5 Rep binding activities demonstrate similar affinities for either an AAV2 or AAV5 ITR; however, comparison of terminal resolution site (TRS) endonuclease activities showed a difference in specificity for the two DNA sequences. AAV2 Rep78 cleaved only a type 2 ITR DNA sequence, and AAV5 Rep78 cleaved only a type 5 probe efficiently. Mapping of the AAV5 ITR TRS identified a distinct cleavage site (AGTG TGGC) which is absent from the ITRs of other AAV serotypes. Comparison of the TRSs in the AAV2 ITR, the AAV5 ITR, and the AAV chromosome 19 integration locus identified some conserved nucleotides downstream of the cleavage site but little homology upstream.
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Wang, F., P. Zhang, Z. Y. Sun, and Q. L. Zhang. "A NONLINEAR CONVERSION MODEL FORM ITRFYY TO CGCS2000." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 7, 2020): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-535-2020.

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Abstract. At present, ITRS series reference frameworks are widely used in the world. The results of GNSS are mostly based on the ITRF framework. Transform from ITRF to CGCS2000 is not easy, which restricts the promotion and use of CGCS2000. The conversion relationship between CGCS2000 and ITRF framework has imminent practical significance. This paper constructs the epoch reduction and frame conversion two-steps model which estimated the nonlinear model to solve the appeal problem. Effective test show that the nonlinear model accesses an improvement in not only precession but also accuracy relative to the tradition model.
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Bennett, Teresa A., Sandra Sapia, Daniel Primo, Lilia Suarez, Santiago Lago, Maria Matoses, Ana Espinosa, et al. "Personalized Medicine Test of Multi-Drug Protocols Ex Vivo for Hematological Malignancies." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 2655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2655.2655.

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Abstract Abstract 2655 Poster Board II-631 Introduction: The predictive power of measuring the effect of anticancer treatments on whole living tumor cells freshly removed from cancer patients, called Individualized Tumor Response Testing (ITRT), has been recently further validated in a clinical trial, the UK's LRF CLL4 trial (Bosanquet ASH 2007). It predicts resistance better than sensitivity. We present a novel approach to ITRT based on measuring drug induced apoptosis of tumor cells in whole blood ex vivo (in vitro using freshly extracted samples). It uses a novel automated flow cytometry platform (ExviTech) capable of evaluating hundreds of drugs and drug combinations used in current treatment protocols, and can address the significant scaling of potential future protocols induced by a number of new drug approvals in each indication. Patients and Methods: We evaluated 47 samples of peripheral blood or bone marrow from patients diagnosed with hematological malignancies: 20 chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), 14 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), 7 Multiple Myeloma (MM), and 6 Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML). After informed consent, samples, collected into heparin, were processed the same or the next day. Whole blood was diluted and incubated with drugs for 24 and 48 hours. Whole blood was used to retain erythrocytes and serum proteins enabling more clinically relevant physiological conditions. Three types of drugs were tested: 1) Approved drugs for each indication, including all possible pair wise combinations, and combinations administered within current and experimental protocols as advised by the PETHEMA groups in Spain. 2) Concomitant medicines (Con-Meds), including alternative drugs within the same class of antacids, antiemetics, etc… to test whether they may also induce apoptosis 3) Drugs in clinical trials, preferentially Phase III drugs, alone and in combination with approved drugs, which may form the basis of future treatment protocols. Drugs were plated at a final concentration equivalent to their reported plasma Cmax concentration. Synergistic drug combinations were identified as one drug potentiating the effect of the other. Results: The efficacy of each drug and combination tested was categorized as highly resistant, intermediate or highly sensitive. Highly resistant drug results were contraindicated. Among the highly sensitive treatments ex vivo, often those that effectively killed all malignant cells, we selected those whose drugs were significantly less toxic as treatment guidelines, highlighting those treatment protocols that act faster ex vivo (24 vs 48 hours) and/or show synergistic combinations. The final result was a set of multiple reasonable ex vivo options for hematologists. The efficacy of individual drugs varied notably from patient to patient, , as reported earlier by other methods. Drug-drug combinations show surprising results. Some combinations, effective at high doses, kill 80% of malignant cells when combined in low concentrations at which the individual drugs kill only 10%20% of these cells. On the contrary, many drug combinations were antagonistic, effectively turning them into cytoprotectors and the patient into potential resistance. Specific combinations that show consistent efficacy across samples are indicative of potential new protocols. Surprisingly, for a proportion of patients, some of the Con-Meds were highly efficient in killing malignant cells selectively. For example, in a particular CLL patient an antacid and an antiviral drug had similar efficacies as the best approved cytotoxic drugs. In other patients, drugs still in clinical trials showed high sensitivity and highly selective apoptosis – suggesting that those patients could be referred for inclusion into these trials, which could represent new alternatives especially for refractory patients with few therapeutic options available. Conclusions: We have developed a Personalized Medicine Multi-Drug ex vivo test, evaluating the efficacy of hundreds of drugs and drug combinations in whole blood. This scale could address the predictable expansion of multi-drug potential treatments as the existing extensive drug pipeline delivers new drug approvals, exploring hundreds of new protocols ex vivo. Promising results obtained ex vivo (in vitro using freshly extracted samples) need to be verified in clinical trials. Disclosures: Bennett: Vivia Biotech: Employment. Sapia:Vivia Biotech SL: Employment. Primo:Vivia Biotech SL: Employment. Suarez:Vivia Biotech SL: Employment. Lago:Vivia Biotech SL: Employment. Matoses:Vivia Biotech SL: Employment. Espinosa:Vivia Biotech SL: Employment. Tudela:Vivia Biotech SL: Employment. Arroyo:Vivia Biotech SL: Employment. Gorrochategui:Vivia Biotech SL: Employment. Jackson:Vivia Biotech SL: Employment. Okun:Vivia Biotech SL: Research Funding. Lopez:Vivia Biotech SL: Employment. Gornemann:Vivia Biotech SL: Employment. Diez:Vivia Biotech SL: Employment. Gonzáalez:Vivia Biotech SL: Consultancy. Bosanquet:Vivia Biotech SL: Consultancy. Orfao:Vivia Biotech SL: Research Funding. Ballesteros:Vivia Biotech SL: Equity Ownership.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ITRT"

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Nash, Ann. "Role clarity and instructional technology support: A naturalistic examination of various perceptions of the role of the ITRT within and across three high schools." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2975.

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Role clarity for any individual leads to more successful implementation of his or her job expectations. In a school, there are many individuals with various roles to fill. The Instructional Technology Resource Teacher (ITRT) has multiple roles within a school including: training teachers, designing integrated curriculum, managing learning resources, modeling instructional strategies, acting as a technology resource, assisting content specialists, and preview and recommending software. This study found that stakeholders in schools consistently recognize the ITRT as both a trainer and designer of integrated lessons. Other instructional support roles are recognized only by some stakeholders in schools. When a greater emphasis is placed on 21st Century skills throughout the school, there is greater consistency in the perceptions of the roles of the ITRT by stakeholders.
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Sepelyak, Mary. "The Instructional Technology Resource Teacher: A Descriptive Case Study of Deployment, Use, and Perceptions." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4592.

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This case study describes one professional development approach to support technology integration at all public schools in one large county in central Virginia. Using data obtained from daily time logs, the frequency of Instructional Technology Resource Teacher (ITRT) use by classroom teachers was analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe overall percentage of ITRT use, the various types of professional development requested by teachers, the consistency of those activities over time, and if the frequencies of activities varied as a function of school level, Title I status at the elementary level, or subject area taught by teachers at the secondary level. Qualitative data was collected via focus group interviews of the involved ITRTs, and an exploratory attempt to understand the reasons behind their use was made. Data indicated that ITRTs were used 52% of the time offered with 5% variation over 3 years. Across school levels, ITRT time was used more at the secondary level and use varied no more than 9% over time. Google Apps for Education and web-based programs represented 73% of the training requests. Over time, fluctuations in the number of requests for assistance with different applications were explained by contextual factors. Elementary schools classified as Title I accounted for 23% of the total time elementary ITRTs were used. At the secondary level, teachers of science and language arts requested ITRT assistance more often. ITRTs made sense of these results by identifying first order barriers as more influential than second order barriers. Of these, access barriers were the most frequently cited barrier by the ITRTs followed by subject culture, institution, assessment, attitude and beliefs, and knowledge and skills. Elementary ITRTs cited more instances of barriers than secondary. Recommendations for practice and future research were made.
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Carbone, Rocco. "Il GNSS per il controllo delle deformazioni crostali." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.

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Se pensiamo ad un generico punto sulla superficie terreste questo sarà soggetto allo spostamento nel tempo della propria posizione, a causa delle deformazioni della crosta terrestre. Se conosciamo l’intensità e la direzione dello spostamento possiamo esprimere la variazione delle coordinate del punto in un sistema di riferimento geodetico , in funzione del tempo. Varie teorie spiegano la causa di tali deformazioni crostali (ES. La Tettonica a Placche) , attribuendo l’origine a movimenti convettivi del mantello, determinati dalla variazione spaziale della densità ed al progressivo rilascio degli sforzi accumulati nella litosfera a causa del peso delle massi di ghiaccio che, hanno ricoperto parte della superficie terrestre nelle glaciazioni passate. Fin dagli anni’80 il GNSS è divento una tra le tecniche più idonee per andare a valutare lo spostamento della crosta terrestre rispetto ad un sistema di riferimento globale e regionale grazie all’elevato grado di precisione conseguibile.
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Rebischung, Paul. "Can GNSS contribute to improving the ITRF definition ?" Observatoire de Paris, 2014. https://hal.science/tel-02095157.

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Les systèmes globaux de navigation par satellite (GNSS) jouent un rôle fondamental dans l’élaboration du repère international de référence terrestre (ITRF). Cependant, les GNSS ne se sont jusqu’à présent pas révélés aptes à déterminer de manière fiable l’échelle terrestre ni la position du centre de masse de la Terre (géocentre) et n’ont donc pas contribué à définir l’échelle de l’ITRF ni son origine. L’incapacité des GNSS à déterminer l’échelle terrestre indépendamment de biais conventionnels de centres de phase satellites est un problème bien connu. En revanche, leur incapacité à correctement observer le mouvement du géocentre restait jusqu’alors inexpliquée. Nous avons étudié cette question sous l’angle de la colinéarité entre paramètres d’un ajustement par moindres carrés. Pour prendre en compte plusieurs particularités du problème de la détermination du géocentre par GNSS, un diagnostic de colinéarité généralisé a été développé. Il a ainsi été mis en évidence que la détermination du géocentre par GNSS est sujette à de sérieux problèmes de colinéarité à cause de l’estimation simultanée de décalages d’horloges et de paramètres troposphériques dans les analyses de données GNSS. Différentes pistes ont finalement été étudiées en vue d’une possible future contribution des GNSS à la définition de l’échelle et de l’origine de l’ITRF : l’étalonnage de l’antenne d’au moins un satellite GNSS, l’invariabilité temporelle des biais de centres de phase satellites, l’analyse simultanée de données GNSS acquises par des stations terrestres et des satellites bas, la modélisation d’horloges satellites ultra-stables et la réduction des erreurs de modélisation orbitale
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) play a fundamental role in the elaboration of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). However, GNSS have so far not proven able to reliably determine the terrestrial scale nor the location of the Earth’s center of mass (geocenter) and have thus not contributed to defining the ITRF scale nor its origin. The weak ability of GNSS to determine the terrestrial scale apart from conventional satellite phase center offsets is well understood. On the other hand, their inability to reliably monitor geocenter motion was so far not clearly explained. We investigated this question from the perspective of collinearity among the parameters of a least-squares regression. A generalized collinearity diagnosis was therefore developed and allows handling several peculiarities of the GNSS geocenter determination problem. It revealed that the determination of all three components of geocenter motion with GNSS suffers from serious collinearity issues due to the simultaneous estimation of epoch-wise station and satellite clock offsets and of tropospheric parameters in global GNSS data analyses. Several prospects were finally investigated in view of a possible future contribution of GNSS to the definition of the ITRF scale and origin: the antenna calibration of at least one GNSS satellite, the time invariability of the satellite phase center offsets, the simultaneous analysis of GNSS data collected by ground stations and low Earth orbiting satellites, the modelling of ultra-stable satellite clocks and the mitigation of orbit modelling errors
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Hitchins, Julianna. "Lost Opportunities: Ecuador's Yasuní ITT Initiative." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/170.

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In 2007, President Rafael Correa of Ecuador proposed the Yasuní ITT Initiative at the United Nations General Assembly in an effort to contribute to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and the local preservation of biodiversity. The initiative proposed enacting an indefinite ban on oil exploration and extraction within the Ecuadorian Yasuní National Park so long as the developed world was willing to contribute to half the forgone costs of drilling. However, despite initial support, the Yasuní Initiative was unsuccessful, and due to a lack of financial support, Correa terminated the proposal in August 2013. With the increasing threat of climate change, the recent Paris Agreement highlights the need for bold actions such as those proposed by the Yasuní Initiative—which represents a solution that the global community needs. This paper looks at the history of the Yasuní Initiative from its inception to ultimate termination, as a developing country’s efforts to take part in the broader discussion of global warming and climate change. The Yasuní Initiative is examined within the context of Ecuador’s relation to oil, the country’s position as a steward of primary forest habitat that acts as a major carbon sink with rich biological and cultural diversity, in addition to the effect that the oil industry has had on the country with close attention to the Amazon region.
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Athrey, Ankith Suresh. "Design and Analysis of Electric Over-actuated Vehicle Suspension." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281708.

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The main aim of this master thesis is to improve the performance of the Research Concept Vehicle (RCV). The RCV is an electric over-actuated vehicle developed at Integrated Transport Research Lab (ITRL) at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The vehicle steer, camber, drive, and brake on each wheel of the vehicle. The RCV also has various operation modes such as 2WD, 4WD, 2WS and 4WS. The RCV is used as a research platform to implement, validate, and demonstrate results of various research projects.  The RCV was developed in the year 2012. There is now a requirement to improve the performance of the vehicle to create a more dynamically capable platform to do more dynamic tests with. The main aim of this thesis is to explore the possibility of upgrading the suspension system with integrated wheel hub motor, electric steering actuator and electric camber actuator. It also involves packaging of the new battery pack system and reinforcing the chassis to reduce the flex during operation.  Steps followed involves analysis of the current electric steering and electric camber actuator systems using MBD method to test the performance. With this as the base, requirements are decided as to what must be done to improve the performance by creating another MBD model to obtain the new performance figures. Also, the new battery pack is to be positioned on the base plate of the vehicle and this is achieved by placing the new battery pack onto the existing CAD model. The chassis is to be reinforced with the help of cross members, also designed on CAD software. The damper unit needs to be repositioned to accommodate the battery pack. Based on the changes in the vehicle, new hardpoints are decided for the new steering system, camber system and suspension system.  Based on the new performance figures obtained from MBD, the requirements of the new electric steering and camber actuator systems are presented. The strength in the new frame is tested using FEM method. The new position of the damper unit is tested for performance using an MBD software.  With the end of this thesis, the requirements to develop the new and improved RCV was obtained, thereby allowing for more dynamic testing to be done with the electric vehicle.
Huvudsyftet med detta examensarbete är att förbättra prestanda för Research Concept Vehicle (RCV). RCV är ett elektriskt överaktuerat fordon utvecklat vid Integrated Transport Research Lab (ITRL) vid KTH Royal Institute of Technology. Fordonet styr, reglerar cambervinkeln, kör och bromsar med varje hjul i fordonet. RCV har också olika driftlägen som 2WD, 4WD, 2WS och 4WS. RCV används som en forskningsplattform för att implementera, validera och demonstrera resultat från olika forskningsprojekt.  RCV utvecklades år 2012. Nu är det nu ett krav att förbättra fordonets prestanda för att skapa en mer dynamiskt kapabel plattform att göra mer dynamiska tester med. Huvudsyftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka möjligheten att uppgradera upphängningssystemet med integrerad hjulnavmotor, elektrisk styrmanöverdon och elektrisk cambermanöverdon. Det handlar också om förpackning av det nya batteripaketet och förstärkning av chassit för att minska flex under drift.  Stegen som följs innefattar analys av de nuvarande elektriska styrsystemen och de elektriska camber-ställdonssystemen med MBD-metoden för att testa prestandan. Med detta som bas bestäms krav på vad som måste göras för att förbättra prestandan genom att skapa en annan MBD-modell för att erhålla de nya prestandasiffrorna. Det nya batteripaketet ska också placeras på fordonets bottenplatta med hjälp av CAD-programvara. Chassit ska förstärkas med hjälp av tvärbalkar, även utformade på CAD-programvara. Spjällenheten måste placeras om för att rymma batteripaketet. Baserat på förändringarna i fordonet bestäms nya hårda punkter för det nya styrsystemet, camber-systemet och upphängningssystemet.  Baserat på de nya prestandasiffrorna som erhållits från MBD presenteras kraven för de nya elektriska styr- och camber-ställdonssystemen. Styrkan i den nya ramen testas med FEM-metoden. Spjällenhetens nya position testas för prestanda med hjälp av en MBD-programvara.  I slutet av denna avhandling erhölls kraven för att utveckla den nya och förbättrade RCV, vilket möjliggjorde en mer dynamisk testning med elfordonet.
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7

Vilarinho, Carlyle Ramos de Oliveira. "O imposto territorial rural (ITR) no Brasil." [s.n.], 1989. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286318.

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Orientador: Jose Graziano da Silva
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-16T04:46:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vilarinho_CarlyleRamosdeOliveira_M.pdf: 7372563 bytes, checksum: 77b6813ba095229f6c9385bcaac28d96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1989
Resumo: Não informado
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Mestre em Economia
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8

Ganchozo, Moncayo Martha Inés. "Yasuní-ITT initiative: a different conservation proposal." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106749.

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Memoria (magíster en derecho internacional, inversión, comercio y arbitraje internacional)
Climate change is a reality and its adverse effects are already evident. Today, it is undeniable that temperature is rising, glaciers are melting, precipitation patterns are changing, producing heavy rains and floods in some regions; and droughts and desertification in others. As a result of these alterations in the climate, natural ecosystems and human life are being affected. Awareness with regard to the negative consequences of climate changes, the international community has established specific environmental policies and concluded international agreements so as to mitigate and avoid the occurrence of these outcomes. In this respect, the most important instruments addressing this issue are United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol, which aim at limiting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Member States through the establishment of emission reduction targets, based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. The Kyoto Protocol also created three mechanisms: The Emission Trading System (ETS), the Joint Implementation (JI) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The first two mechanisms can be used exclusively by industrialized countries to meet their binding reduction requirements. While the CDM is the only tool for coping with climate change that allows the participation of developing and least developed countries in environmental mitigation activities. This fact is considered a limitation of the current climate regime since these countries are more vulnerable to dangerous impacts of climate change due to their economies depend greatly on the exploitation of natural resources and they have limited or no financial and technological capacity to respond effectively to this challenge.
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9

Bruni, Sara. "Combination of GNSS and SLR measurements : contribution to the realization of the terrestrial reference frame." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEO001/document.

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La mise en oeuvre exacte et précise du repère international de référence terrestre (ITRF) est une exigence fondamentale pour le développement des Sciences du Système Terre. La réalisation du référentiel mondial, en fait, concerne directement de nombreux domaines allant de la détermination précise des orbites des satellites, à la calibration des altimètres, à l'évaluation des étalonnages absolus d'antennes satellites pour le Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) et la validation des corrections du vecteur du centre de masse pour les véhicules spatiaux portant à bord des rétro-réflecteurs pour la technique de télémétrie laser sur satellite (SLR). En conséquence, toutes les études portant sur les mouvements de la surface de la Terre, y compris les océans et les calottes glaciaires, dépendent étroitement de la disponibilité d'un repère de référence fiable qui est fondamental pour référencer les mesures pertinentes. La réalisation de l'ITRF doit alors être périodiquement mise à jour, afin d'intégrer des nouvelles observations et progrès dans les procédures d'analyse des données et/ou des méthodes de combinaison. Toutes les nouvelles stratégies de calcul doivent viser l'amélioration de la réalisation des paramètres physiques du repère, à savoir l'origine et l'échelle, sur lesquels se fondent de façon critique un grand nombre d'études scientifiques et d'applications civiles. Ce travail se concentre sur le potentiel de combiner les observations GNSS et SLR par leur liens à bord de satellites GPS / GLONASS. En fait, les satellites GNSS équipés de rétro-réflecteurs peuvent être observés par les stations SLR, ce qui permet de déterminer les orbites des satellites à travers les deux signaux : optiques et à micro-ondes. En principe, la connexion inter-technique si réalisée pourrait être exploitée pour le calcul de l'ITRF en place des liens terrestres actuellement utilisés. Ces derniers sont connus pour être aujourd'hui un facteur limitant de la précision du repère en raison de leur distribution inhomogène et de leurs divergences avec les estimations de la géodésie spatiale en conséquence des erreurs systématiques dans les observations. Dans cette étude, la force du lien alternatif en orbite a été soigneusement analysée afin d'évaluer les performances de l'approche de combinaison sélectionnée dans les conditions opérationnelles disponibles. L'investigation porte sur la caractérisation de la précision, de la fiabilité et de la pertinence des paramètres combinés du repère de référence
The accurate and precise implementation of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) is a fundamental requirement for the development of Earth System Sciences. The actual realization of the reference frame, in fact, directly impacts a number of different tasks ranging from precise satellite orbit determination to altimeter calibration, satellite antenna offset assessment for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and validation of center of mass corrections for spacecrafts carrying on board retro-reflectors for Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). As a consequence, all the studies investigating motions of the Earth’s surface, including oceans and ice-sheets, strictly depend on the availability of a reliable TRF that is fundamental for geo-referencing the relevant measurements. ITRF realizations must then be periodically updated, in order to account for newly acquired observations and for upgrades in data analysis procedures and/or combination methods. Any innovative computation strategy should ameliorate the realization of the frame physical parameters, namely the origin and the scale, upon which a number of scientific applications critically rely. This work addresses the potential of combining GNSS and SLR observations via their co-location on board GPS/GLONASS satellites. GNSS vehicles equipped with retro-reflector arrays can be tracked by SLR ground stations, which allows determining the spacecraft orbits by means of both optical and microwave signals. In principle, the inter-technique connection so achieved could be exploited for the computation of the ITRF in place of terrestrial ties. These lasts are known to be currently a limiting factor of the frame accuracy because of their inhomogeneous distribution and of their discrepancies with space geodesy estimates due to technique systematic errors. In this study, the strength of the alternative link in orbit has been thoroughly investigated in order to evaluate the performances of the selected space tie approach under the available operational conditions. The analysis focuses on the characterization of the precision, the accuracy and the pertinence of the combined frame parameters
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Hardman, Alison. "Caught between theory and practice? : expert and practitioner views of the contributions made by universities and schools to initial teacher preparation in England." Thesis, University of Derby, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/618614.

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In November 2010, the coalition government published its seminal The White Paper, The Importance of Teaching. Its recommendations sought to reform Initial Teacher Training (ITT) so that more training was school-based; to create a new national network of ‘Teaching Schools’ that gave outstanding schools in England a leadership role in the initial training and professional development of teachers. This thesis critically analyses the subsequent changes in relationships and tensions between universities and schools as the reforms were implemented. The consequent increase in the number of routes into teaching, coupled with more autonomy devolved to schools in relation to Initial Teacher Preparation (ITP), has served to jeopardise university-based preparation. The changing notions of pedagogy and practice in school-led initial teacher preparation alter the significance of theory in ITP and ultimately question the future for university-led initial teacher education. What constitutes effective teacher preparation is explored through a series of semi-structured interviews drawn from a small, reputational sample across the field of education. This provides the data that reveals a contemporary dichotomy between ‘training’ and ‘education’ that challenges the relevance of a theoretically informed teacher education in favour of ‘on the job training.’ From the discussion of the contested data provided by reputational sample, an outcome of the current changes could result in a peripheral role for universities in ITP. In particular, undergraduate provision, such as the B.Ed, was threatened because it did not provide a sufficient depth of subject knowledge; a shift to post-graduate school-based preparation and a reliance on assessment-only routes renders the role of the universities defunct. The findings from the analysis of the reputational sample were further examined in the workplace through questionnaire given to academics and partnership school mentors working in delivering ITP in an East Midlands University. The tensions between ‘training’ and education and the role of universities in initial teacher preparation were mirrored by teachers and academics. In conclusion, the changes made by the coalition government have made the future of ‘teacher education’ uniquely fragile.
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Books on the topic "ITRT"

1

Barakat, Amad. Itre-e-nisai. Cairo: Al-Hadara Publishing, 2003.

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Industrial Toxicology Research Centre (India). The journey of ITRC. Lucknow: Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, 2003.

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Weinbrenner, Rudolf. Itt a világvége? Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1987.

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Granasztói, György. Mi történik itt? [Budapest]: Magyar Szemle Alapítvány, 2003.

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Csaba, Kiss Gy. Magyarország itt marad. Pozsony [Slovakia]: Kalligram Könyvkiadó, 1993.

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Araskog, Rand V. The ITT wars. New York: Holt, 1989.

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Ayu, Djenar Maesa. T(w)itit!: Kumpulan cerita. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2012.

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István, Zsolnai. Itt cápák vannak: Elbeszélések. Budapest: Uránusz Kiadó, 2002.

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Fenákel, Judit. Itt járt a házmesterné. Budapest: Kozmosz Könyvek, 1985.

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Rendszerváltók: Mi történik itt? Budapest: Kairosz, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "ITRT"

1

Fischer, R. X., and W. H. Baur. "ITR." In Zeolite-Type Crystal Structures and their Chemistry. 41 New Framework Type Codes, 209–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41452-7_18.

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Dagan, Aviv, and Eliezer Dekel. "ITRA under Partitions." In Next Generation Information Technologies and Systems, 97–108. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04941-5_12.

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Eickelmann, Jennifer. "Performativ(ität) (er)forschen." In Materiale Analysen, 347–67. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-12614-8_18.

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van Bergeijk, L., W. I. de Bruin, C. J. A. Doelman, R. Groote Veldman, R. Maatman, A. H. L. Mulder, R. H. F. M. Tummers, and I. Vermes. "11 Insulinetolerantietest (ITT)." In Endocrinologische functieproeven, 41–44. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-7711-4_11.

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Ergin, Ahmet Bahadir, Amir H. Hamrahian, A. Laurence Kennedy, and Manjula K. Gupta. "Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)." In The Cleveland Clinic Manual of Dynamic Endocrine Testing, 39–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13048-4_10.

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Pollmann, D., D. Wallwiener, W. Stolz, A. Ebbing, D. Heberling, M. Kaufmann, and G. Bastert. "ITT — Interstitielle-Thermo-Therapie." In Laser in der Medizin / Laser in Medicine, 212–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93548-0_47.

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Burghartz, Joachim N. "Thin Chips on the ITRS Roadmap." In Ultra-thin Chip Technology and Applications, 13–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7276-7_2.

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Hoefflinger, Bernd. "ITRS 2028—International Roadmap of Semiconductors." In The Frontiers Collection, 143–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22093-2_7.

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Soffel, Michael, and Ralf Langhans. "From the GCRS to the ITRS." In Space-Time Reference Systems, 197–233. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30226-8_9.

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Dermanis, Athanasios. "On the Alternative Approaches to ITRF Formulation." In International Association of Geodesy Symposia, 223–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37222-3_29.

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Conference papers on the topic "ITRT"

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Villaroman, Daniel Josephus, Weijing Dai, Xinjiang Wang, Lin Gan, Ruizhe Wu, Zhengtang Luo, and Baoling Huang. "Characterization of Thermal Resistances Across CVD-Grown Graphene/Al2O3 and Graphene/Metal Interfaces Using Differential 3-Omega Technique." In ASME 2016 5th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2016-6508.

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Chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene together with a superior gate dielectric such as Al2O3, is a promising combination for next-generation high-speed field effect transistors (FET). These high-speed devices are operated under high frequencies and will generate significant heat, requiring effective thermal management to ensure device stability and longevity. It is thus of importance to characterize the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) between graphene/Al2O3 gate dielectric and graphene/metal contacts. In this work, ITRs across the single-layer graphene/Al2O3 and the graphene/metal (Al, Ti, Au) interfaces were characterized from 100 K to 330 K using the differential 3ω method. Unlike previous works which mostly used exfoliated single or few-layer graphene, we used CVD large-scale graphene, which is most promising for FET fabrication due to cost and quality control, in the experiments. To ascertain the measured results and reduce uncertainty, different sandwich configurations including metal/graphene/metal, Al2O3/graphene/Al2O3 and metal/graphene/Al2O3 were used for the measurements. The effects of post annealing on different interfaces were also investigated. Measurements of numerous samples showed an average ITR at 300K of 9×10−8 m2K/W for graphene/Al2O3, 6×10−8 m2K/W for graphene/Al, 5×10−8 m2K/W for graphene/Ti, and 7×10−8 m2K/W for graphene/Au interfaces. For the metal interfaces with graphene, the results are within the same order of magnitude as previous measurement results with graphite. However, ITR for graphene/Al2O3 is one order of magnitude higher than those reported for graphene/SiO2 interfaces. The measured ITRs for both metal and dielectric interfaces with graphene are almost temperature-independent from 100 K to 330 K, indicating that phonons are the major heat carrier. Annealing was found to have different effects on different interfaces. For graphene/Ti interfaces, ITR results measured before and after annealing consistently show a reduction of around 20%. However, such improvements on interfacial conductance were not observed for graphene/Al, graphene/Au and graphene/Al2O3 interfaces. The reduction of ITR of graphene/Ti interface is perceived to stem from the formation of Ti-C covalent bonds. However, neither the commonly used maximum transmission model nor the diffuse mismatch model explicitly considers bonding effects at the interface, which is why they poorly predict and explain all the aspects of the measurements. An improvement to the classic anisotropic DMM model was proposed by taking into account different bonding types and bonding area between graphene and Al2O3/metal layer, resulting in a better fitting with the experimental data.
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"ITST 2018 TOC." In 2018 16th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems Telecommunications (ITST). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itst.2018.8566957.

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"ITNT 2020 TOC." In 2020 International Conference on Information Technology and Nanotechnology (ITNT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itnt49337.2020.9253355.

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"ITST 2018 Index." In 2018 16th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems Telecommunications (ITST). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itst.2018.8566899.

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Gargini, Paolo A. "Roadmap evolution: from NTRS to ITRS, from ITRS 2.0 to IRDS." In International Conference on Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography, edited by Paolo A. Gargini, Kurt G. Ronse, Patrick P. Naulleau, and Toshiro Itani. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2280803.

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"“Roadmap evolution: From NTRS to ITRS, from ITRS 2.0 to IRDS." In 2017 Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Energy Efficient Electronic Systems & Steep Transistors Workshop (E3S). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/e3s.2017.8246153.

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"ITRE 2004 organising committee." In ITRE 2004. 2nd International Conference Information Technology: Research and Education. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itre.2004.1393624.

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"[ITNT 2020 Front cover]." In 2020 International Conference on Information Technology and Nanotechnology (ITNT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itnt49337.2020.9253279.

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Diebold, A. C. "The ITRS metrology roadmap." In 2009 International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isdrs.2009.5378220.

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"ITST 2018 Cover Page." In 2018 16th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems Telecommunications (ITST). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itst.2018.8566862.

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Reports on the topic "ITRT"

1

Han, Bing. ITRB Spar Domestic Source. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada578405.

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Pouffary, Y., and A. Young. ISO Transport Service on top of TCP (ITOT). RFC Editor, March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2126.

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3

Veliadis, Victor, Robert Kaplar, Jon Zhang, Sameh Khalil, Jack Flicker, Jason Neely, Andrew Binder, et al. ITRW: Formulating a Roadmap for WBG and UWBG Materials and Devices. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1762661.

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4

VAN BEEK, J. E. Project Execution Plan for Project W-211 Initial Tank Retrieval Systems (ITRS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/798001.

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VAN BEEK, J. E. Project Execution Plan for Project W-211 Initial Tank Retrieval Systems (ITRS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/802980.

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Lear, E., ed. Report from the IAB Workshop on Internet Technology Adoption and Transition (ITAT). RFC Editor, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7305.

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HALL, L. R. Project Specific Quality Assurance Plan Project (QAPP) W-211 Initial Tank Retrieval Systems (ITRS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801366.

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Williamson, David T., Timothy P. Barry, and Kristen K. Liggett. Flight Test Results of ITT VRS-1290 In NASA OV-10. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430691.

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VAN BEEK, J. E. System Engineering Management and Implementation Plan for Project W-211 Initial Tank Retrieval Systems (ITRS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/803633.

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BRIGGS, S. R. Project W-211 Initial Tank Retrieval Systems (ITRS) Description of Operations for 241-AZ-102. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801309.

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