To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: IUO.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'IUO'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'IUO.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Weller, Stephanie. "Blitzlampentemperung von transparenten leitfähigen Oxidschichten." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-235330.
Full textAbstract:
Die Temperung mittels Xenon-Blitzlampen (Flash Lamp Annealing - FLA) ist ein Kurzzeittemperverfahren mit Pulszeiten im Bereich von Millisekunden, bei dem nur die Oberfläche eines Substrats erhitzt wird. Durch die Blitzlampentemperung kann der Schichtwiderstand von tansparenten leitfähigen Oxidschichten reduziert und die Transmission im sichtbaren Licht erhöht werden. In dieser Arbeit wurde dies am Beispiel von Indium-Zinn-Oxid (ITO), Indium-Zink-Oxid (IZO) und aluminiumdotiertem Zinkoxid (AZO) gezeigt. Es wurde untersucht, welchen Einfluss verschiedene Prozessparameter wie Energiedichte und Pulszeit des Xenonlichtblitzes, die Absorption der zu behandelnden Schicht, die Gasatmosphäre während der Temperung, die Reflexion im Prozessraum und das Substratmaterial auf die optischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften der Schichten haben. Für ITO-Schichten mit einer Schichtdicke von 150 nm kann der Widerstand von 45 auf <14 Ohm verbessert werden, was vergleichbar mit einer konventionellen Temperung im Umluftofen ist.
2
Ondová, Michaela. "IPO ČSOB." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76257.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis aims to apply the theoretical approach of IPOs and financial services firm valuation on the Czech subsidiary of KBC: ČSOB. The theoretical part reviews the process of IPO with typical features of IPOs, and the pricing of IPO is discussed with the focus on theory of banks valuation. The empirical part of the thesis provides a financial analysis of the ČSOB, business plan and the valuation of the bank as of 30 September 2010 with the price of the actual IPO. This part aims at practical application of the theory of IPO and valuation. Al in all, the aim of the thesis is to apply theoretical knowledge of the IPOs on the practical case of ČSOB. Various analyses such as of KBC, ČSOB, Czech banking market, development of IPOs in CEE are used in order to apply and determine the reasons for the IPO, its timing, price and potential structure of investors.
3
Peroutka, Tomáš. "Integrace ISMS/ISO 27001/ISO 27002 do společnosti RWE." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114299.
Full textAbstract:
The main theme of this diploma thesis is Information Security Management System (ISMS) which is based on security standard ISO 27001 and ISO 27002. This thesis is one part of the project of integration ISMS to company RWE. First goal is analysis of actual documentation of RWE. Second goal is proposal of ideal structure of ISMS documentation. Third goal is assignment the parts of RWE documentation to ideal structure of ISMS documentation. Analysis of actual documentation used knowledge about RWE documentation to create overview table with all documents and their relations. Ideal structure of ISMS documentation was based on selected parts of ISO 27001 and multicriterial analysis. Third goal of this thesis was reached by assignment parts of RWE documentation to selected parts of ISO 27001 from the second goal. Contribution of this diploma thesis is the ideal structure of ISMS documentation and form of old RWE documentation assignment, because these goals are usual steps of PDCA cycle of ISMS but they are described briefly and sparsely in security standards and works related to ISMS.
4
Henningson, Anette. "IUP i skolan : Vad tycker lärare och elever om IUP och hur impementeras IUP i skolan?" Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-314.
Full textAbstract:
Den här rapporten handlar om Individuella utvecklingsplaner (IUP). Från 1/1-06 gäller en förordning om att alla barn i grundskolan, särskolan, sameskolan och specialskolan ska ha IUP. Syftet med rapporten är att undersöka vilken information lärare och elever fått om IUP, men också ta reda på deras inställning till och uppfattning om IUP.
För att få reda på detta har jag intervjuat fem lärare och fem elever. Lärarna har mellan 3-20 års erfarenhet av skolarbete. Eleverna går i skolår 1-6. Jag har utifrån litteraturen studerat synen på lärande, hur lärare ställer sig till nya utvecklingsplaner och hur det sedan faller ut i praktiken.
Resultatet av intervjuerna blev något nedslående med tanke på att förordningen om IUP redan trätt i kraft. Endast en av de fem lärare jag intervjuat hade kommit igång med sitt IUP arbete. Därför kunde de andra fyra inte svara annat än att de inte märker av IUP i skolans vardagliga arbete. Eleverna gav ungefär samma svar.
Trots det har jag dragit slutsatsen att samtliga lärare och elever har en positiv inställning till IUP och dess införande. Lärarna uppfattar IUP som ett hjälpmedel och en garanti för måluppfyllelse.
Däremot har IUP inte implementerats i det vardagliga arbetet i skolan.
Man kan också se att det saknats gemensamma diskussioner om synen på kunskap och kunskapsutveckling.
This report is about Individual Development planes (IUP). From 1/1-06 a new law requires all schools to draw an IUP for all pupils in primary schools; schools for dysfunction, ethnic schools and special schools. The purpose of this study is to examine what information teachers and pupils have about the IUP and find out what their adjustment and comprehension are to the IUP.
I decided to interview five teachers and five pupils. The teachers have 3-20 years of experience in teaching. The pupils are seven, ten and twelve years old and go to the regular Swedish school.
In the literature I studied different kind of cognitive approaches, how teachers think about new development planes and how it all turns out in reality.
The result of my interwjues was rather negative. Only one of the teachers I interviewed has been working IUP inspired for some years. All the others haven’t started yet. Therefore they couldn’t assert that IUP did any marks in the daily schoolwork. The pupils gave the same answers.
The IUP has not been realized in the daily schoolwork and you can also see that the teachers miss common discussions about cognitive approaches.
Although I have made the conclusion that all the teachers and pupils are positive to the IUP. The teachers think about the IUP as a working tool and a guarantee to attain good results in school.
5
Bomark, Niklas. "Involvement in ISO 14001 : ISO 14001 from a user perspective." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-155746.
Full textAbstract:
Today the ISO 14001 system is used within a rather wide spectrum of firms and industries, even if the early adopters of the standard mainly where organizations in the heavy industry and manufacturing sectors (Peglaue and Baxter, 2007). Many of those early adopters have now been certified for over 10 years, and during the years several surveys and case studies have been conducted to pinpoint the motives, benefits and challenges for why organizations chose to implement and maintain the system (Massoud, 2010; Jiang and Bansal, 2003). However, one issue with research about ISO 14001 up until now is that most studies have focused upon a managerial perspective where the managers´ attitudes have been in focus rather than the employees (Boiral, 2007). Therefore, this case study set out to explore how the employees, the production operators, inside one certified organization are involved in ISO 14001 through a Grounded Theory approach. The results of the study showed that the production operators relied upon different strategies in order to legitimize their involvement in ISO 14001. Further on, the study shows that the production operators where involved in ISO 14001 at a level which was required in order to keep the certification. However, they could not obtain enough legitimacy to motivate an involvement in ISO 14001 which extended what was required in order to keep the certification. Grounded in the discovery of the different strategies used by the employees, this study argues that environmental awareness could be seen as an internal barrier and as a source for unsatisfied employees. Something which risks emphasizes a feeling of being involved in a rational myth (Boiral, 2007).
6
Kahrle, Atterlord Naomi. "Framgångsfaktorer för etablering av ledningssystemstandarderna ISO 14001 och ISO 39001." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27393.
Full textAbstract:
Standarder för ledningssystem är ett hjälpmedel för företag och myndigheter att bedriva arbete i en viss fråga. Spridningen och etableringen av ledningssystemstandarder är beroende av flera faktorer. I och med lanseringen av det nya ledningssystemet för trafiksäkerhet, ISO 39001, vill Trafikverket förstå vilka framgångsfaktorer som finns för ett väletablerat ledningssystem. Detta görs genom att utvärdera ett ledningssystem som har kommit att få god global spridning och etablering, miljöledningssystemet ISO 14001. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda vilka framgångsfaktorerna är för etableringen och spridningen av miljöledningssystemet, ISO 14001, för att sedan se om dessa går att applicera på trafiksäkerhetsledningssystemet, ISO 39001. För att besvara detta genomfördes en litteraturstudie som kompletterades med en empirisk undersökning. Den empiriska undersökningen utgjordes av semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomfördes med fyra aktörer med god kännedom om den nya trafiksäkerhetsstandarden. Uppsatsen visade att de framgångsfaktorerna som kan relateras starkast till ISO 14001 är dess koppling till ISO 9001, den rådande tidsandan samt fördelar som ökade marknadsandelar genom god publicitet vid certifiering. De krav som ställdes på underleverantörer från redan certifierade företag är också en betydande faktor. Även om trafiksäkerhet fått större utrymme på världsagendan under senare år var inte trafiksäkerhetsengagemanget lika stort vid lanseringen av ISO 39001 som miljöengagemanget var vid lanseringen av ISO 14001. Spridningen av ISO 39001 beror även på regeringsstöd, med förhoppning om att den införs i lagstiftningen då nollvisionen är ett riksdagsbeslut. Den offentliga sektorn tog initiativ till arbetet med ISO 39001 och efterfrågan kan bidra till att ISO 39001 når stora framgångar inom den offentliga sektorn. ISO 39001 har föregåtts av en nollvision och en nationell branschspecifik säkerhetsstandard som har banat vägen för standarden inom vissa sektorer. De verksamheter som inför ISO 39001 kommer troligtvis göra detta för att uppfylla marknadskrav och myndighetskrav. En viktig framgångsfaktor för ISO 39001 är att den ger förutsättningar för företag att ställa krav på sina underleverantörer, något som bekräftades vid intervjuerna.
7
Lönnqvist, Lisa. "Juristrollen och juristutbildningen : från "varde Ius" till en "Ius framtid"." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-101061.
Full text
8
Baldeón, Vellon Francisco Javier. "El sentimiento ius et veritas : viviendo con la familia “ius”." IUS ET VERITAS, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122651.
Full text
9
Fingal, Charlotte, and Sara Ahmad. "ISO 14001 - Hinder eller möjligheter ISO 14001 - Obstacles or oppotunities." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21476.
Full textAbstract:
Arbetet med miljöfrågorna är svåra att strukturera och därför har olika internationella miljöstandarder skapats. SS-EN ISO 14000 är en serie internationella miljöstandarder, som i dagligt tal kallas ISO 14000 och i denna standard ingår ISO 14001 vilken kan användas som grund vid uppbyggandet av ett miljöledningssystem och det är införandet av denna som analysen vilar på. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka hinder som kan uppstå vid införandet av ISO 14001-standarden. Även att identifiera vilka lösningar som finns att tillgå gällande hindren. Dessutom utforskas vilka de olika incitamenten är som driver en verksamhet till att vilja integrera miljöfrågor bland övriga beslut. Slutligen granskas fördelar med att införa miljöledningssystemet ISO 14001.
10
Tillmann, Martin. "Innovative Prozesskettenoptimierung (IPO)." Aachen Apprimus-Verl, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&docl̲ibrary=BVB01&docn̲umber=017109421&linen̲umber=0001&funcc̲ode=DBR̲ECORDS&servicet̲ype=MEDIA.
Full text
11
Tillmann, Martin. "Innovative Prozesskettenoptimierung (IPO)." Aachen Apprimus-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992672562/04.
Full text
12
Hansson, Romina, and Sara Holmberg. "IUP - individuell utvecklingsplan." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-34887.
Full text
13
Garaffini, Eliana Vanina. "Normas ISO 9001." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 2015. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/7528.
Full text
14
Rääf, Sofie. "IUP, en väg till bedömning? : Hur påverkar IUP bedömningen av eleverna?" Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-2315.
Full textAbstract:
Syftet med studien är att undersöka sambandet mellan bedömning i ämnet idrott och hälsa och elevens IUP (Individuella utvecklingsplan) samt hur bedömningen kan bli rättvis. För att uppnå syftet i studien använde jag mig av tre frågeställningar. Är IUP en väg till bedömning enligt lärarna? Påverkar arbetet med IUP eleverna i ämnet Idrott och hälsa anser idrottslärarna? Kan en bedömning bli rättvis om IUP är olika utformade enligt lärarna? Studien har en kvalitativ ansats i form av intervjuer. Jag intervjuade sex idrottslärare på fem olika skolor i Sverige. Skolorna var storleksmässigt likvärdiga och lärarna hade liknande utbildningar. Jag valde skolor enligt bekvämlighetsprincipen vilket innebär vad som var lättast genomförbart för mig. Ramfaktorteorin och skolperspektivet är de teoretiska perspektiven som används i studien. Resultatet visar att IUP är ett dokument som används på olika sätt i skolan. De flesta skolorna arbetar enbart med dokumentet inför och vid utvecklingssamtal. Detta beror till stor del på ramfaktorernas påverkan, det vill säga tid och resurser. Lärarna använder IUP som verktyg för bedömning. Då för att få en överblick om en betygsättning skulle vara oklar. Lärarna tror att IUP påverkar eleverna positivt då det är en formativ form av bedömning. Detta kräver dock att dokumentet faktiskt används i större utsträckning än idag. Lärarna anser att dokumentet bör se likadant ut i hela landet. Detta för att underlätta för alla parter. Slutsatsen i studien är att om tiden fanns skulle dokumentet vara ett mer brukbart medel vid bedömning och även som stöd vid den formativa undervisningen. IUP bör även vara ett lika utformat dokument som används på lika användningsområden i hela landet detta skulle skapa en större förståelse samt mer naturlig användning av dokumentet för alla inblandade parter. Vad gäller rättvis bedömning är det ett av lärarens uppdrag som visat sig vara mycket svår och komplext.Studiegång Idrott, fritidskultur och hälsa skolår 7-9. Vt 2012
15
Neupane, Suman. "Transparency in IPO mechanism : information production, IPO pricing and investors' participation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7170.
Full textAbstract:
In this doctoral thesis we bring together some empirical analysis on investors’ participation
in initial public offering (IPOs) from a market whose characteristics are unique and
significantly different from US and other important IPO markets. There are two important
features which distinguishes the Indian IPO market. First, the Indian IPO market is
characterised by a high level of transparency. Information on the participation of different
investor categories is publicly available during the offer period on a real time basis. Second,
Indian IPO firms are also required to reserve and allocate pre-determined fraction of total
shares on offer to different investor categories participating in the IPO.
Our first empirical study shows that the transparency in the mechanism creates highly
inelastic demand curves for a large number of IPOs. Analysis of demand over-time shows
that while institutional investors take the lead in subscribing to strong IPOs, noninstitutional
investors do so in weak IPOs, but perhaps not always with an honest intent.
Our analysis of IPO pricing shows that favourable demand by uninformed investors is
positively associated with a high IPO price. Further, while reputed underwriters appear to
exercise far more caution and restraint in setting prices, we find that in a large number of
IPOs, less reputed underwriters ignore information produced during the offer period and set
the price at the upper bound of the price range. Our findings suggest that the transparency
in allocation mechanism appears to be a double edged sword for the uninformed (retail)
investors. We recommend a change in the current regulation to protect investor’s welfare.
We also examine the influence of the participation of different investor categories on initial
returns. Unsurprisingly, we find that while the participation of both the informed investor
categories significantly influences initial returns, the participation of retail investor losses
its significance in explaining initial returns for bookbuilding and auction IPOs. We also
analyse the participation of informed institutional investors to examine whether the
presence of new bank loans at the time of the IPO reduces information asymmetry. Our
results show that presence of bank loans do not appear to reduce information asymmetry as
institutional investors participate significantly less in IPOs with new bank loans. While this
result is contrary to prior studies on bank loan announcements, it is consistent with a recent
study which shows that prior studies on bank loan announcements are plagued by sample
selection issues.
In our final empirical analysis we examine the participation of employees in IPOs and
analyse whether such participation can predict superior financial and operating performance
of the firm. We find that IPOs with high employee participation offer significantly higher
initial returns than IPOs with low employee participation. We also find that firms with high
employee participation in their IPOs exhibit superior post IPO operating performance.
Further, we find that the prior participation of other investor categories, in particular the
institutional investors, does not appear to influence the participation of employees in IPOs.
Our results suggest that employees have valuable private information about the quality of
the firm. The evidence presented in the study suggests that in the context of Indian IPOs,
where data on investors’ participation is available on a real time basis, uninformed
investors may use information on employee participation to select well performing IPOs.
16
Vaičiūnaitė, Raimonda. "Statybos įmonės veiklos valdymas įdiegus ISO 9000 ir ISO 14000 standartus." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080925_115102-41434.
Full textAbstract:
Magistro darbe nagrinėjamas statybinės įmonės veiklos valdymas įdiegus kokybės ir aplinkos apsaugos vadybos standartus, išaiškinamos ISO 9000 serijos standarto kokybės vadybos sistemų diegimo problemos visuotinės kokybės vadybos atžvilgiu. Išsamiai analizuojami vadybos sistemų integravimo ypatumai, kokybės ISO 9000 ir aplinkos apsaugos ISO 14000 vadybos sistemos standartų reikalavimai bei juos įtakojantys veiksniai, kokybės bei aplinkosaugos sistemų naudą įmonėje. Teoriniai sprendimai pagrįsti: Abramavičiaus Š., Adomėno V., Jucevičiaus R., Paulauskaitės N., Rutkausko J., Vanago P., Gardin D., Hoyle D., Tsiakals J., West J. bei kitų autorių moksliniais straipsniais ir knygomis, kuriose teoriniais aspektais analizuojamos ISO 9000 serijos standarto kokybės vadybos sistemų diegimo problemos, vadybos sistemų integravimo ypatumai, Aplinkos vadybos sistemų diegimas Lietuvos įmonėse. Atlikta anketinė apklausa, siekiant identifikuoti įmonės veiklos valdymą įdiegus kokybės ir aplinkos apsaugos vadybos sistemas. Patvirtinama autorės suformuluota mokslinio tyrimo hipotezė, kad VKV – į kokybę orientuotas UAB „NCC titanas“ vadovavimo būdas, pagrįstas visų jos narių dalyvavimu, siekiant ilgalaikės sėkmės tenkinant klientą ir naudos visiems savo organizacijos nariams bei visuomenei. Tačiau visgi UAB „NCC titanas“ reiktų didesnį dėmesį skirti paslaugų ir darbuotojų veiklos kokybės gerinimui, VKV žinių tobulinimui, komunikavimo procesui bei vidinių ir išorinių klientų lūkesčių tenkinimui.This work analyses the practice of constructional enterprise administration after introducing into it the quality and anti-pollution standards, also the problems of ISO 9000 quality of standard management system implemention regard to general quality management. The management system integration peculiarities are analysed as well as the requirements for quality of ISO 9000 series and anti-pollution ISO 14000 series management system standarts, factors that influence them, quality and anti-pollution systems benefit in enterprise. Theoretical decisions are based on: Abramavičius Š., Adomėnas V., Jucevičius R., Paulauskaitė N., Rutkauskas J., Vanagas P., Gardin D., Hoyle D., Tsiakals J., West J. and other authors memoirs and books in which the ISO 9000 series quality standards of management systems implemention problems and pecularities, anti-pollution management system installation in Lithuania companies and so on are analysed by theoretical aspects. The survey was made by seeking to identify the administration of enterprise after implemention of quality and anti-pollution management systems. The hypothesis of author that the style of leadership TQM, which is oriented to JSC „NCC titanas“ and based on participation of all members, trying to reach permanent success to meet the requirements of customer and get a big benefit for all members of organization and society was confirmed. Though still JSC „NCC titanas“ should pay more attention to development of the service and the... [to full text]
17
Dittmar, Falko [Verfasser]. "Angriffe auf Computernetzwerke. : ›Ius ad bellum‹ und ›ius in bello‹. / Falko Dittmar." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1238348211/34.
Full text
18
BERGGREN, DENNIS. "IPO Underpricing and techvaluation An empirical study of the Swedish IPO market." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223891.
Full text
19
Duarte, Alexandra Silva. "Transição da norma ISO 9001:2008 para a norma ISO 9001:2015." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16639.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialAs organizações implementam cada vez mais os padrões de gestão desenvolvidos pela International Organization for Standardization (ISO) para se manterem competitivas. Ao longo dos anos, a investigação na área da certificação da qualidade pela norma ISO 9001 tem vindo a aumentar. No entanto, ainda existem poucos estudos que abordam as transições da norma, particularmente da norma ISO 9001:2008 para a norma ISO 9001:2015. Com base em 356 respostas recolhidas através de um questionário enviado via e-mail para as empresas portuguesas certificadas pela norma ISO 9001, procedeu-se à análise da perceção das empresas em relação à transição para a norma ISO 9001:2015. A importância atribuída às alterações recentes da norma ISO 9001 variam consoante a dimensão da empresa, a estratégia de internacionalização e o tipo de indústria onde a empresa opera. Os resultados obtidos mostram ainda que as melhorias organizacionais internas, a melhoria da satisfação dos clientes, a melhoria da imagem da empresa e a melhoria da qualidade do produto/serviço são as principais motivações, segundo a perceção dos gestores, da implementação da norma ISO 9001. E mostram também que os principais benefícios, segundo a perceção dos gestores, da implementação da norma ISO 9001 são a melhoria contínua do desempenho, o aumento do prestígio e reputação da empresa, a melhoria da eficiência dos processos e o aumento da satisfação dos clientes.
The organizations are increasingly implementing the management standards developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in order to remain competitive. Over the years, research into quality certification of ISO 9001 has been increasing greatly. However, there are still few studies that address the transitions of the standard, particularly from ISO 9001:2008 to ISO 9001:2015. Based on the 356 replies collected by a questionnaire, which was sent by e-mail to the portuguese companies certified by ISO 9001, this study analyze their perception regarding the transition to the ISO 9001:2015. The importance attributed to the recent changes in ISO 9001 vary according to the size of the company, the internationalization strategy and the type of industry where the company operates. The results obtained also show that internal organizational improvements, improvement of customer satisfaction, improvement of company image and improvement of product/service quality are the main motivations according to the perception of managers of the implementation of ISO 9001. And also show that the main benefits, according to the perception of managers, the implementation of ISO 9001 are the continual improvement of performance, increase the prestige and reputation of the company, improving process efficiency and increased customer satisfaction.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
20
Dreyer, Florian. "Siremobil Iso–C 3D." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-84344.
Full text
21
Vogt, Patrick. "Erfolgsfaktoren des IPO-Managements /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013177014&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full text
22
Sanz, Teresa, and Maria Högberg. "Personalpolitiken inom IMO AB." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-394.
Full text
23
Vogt, Patrick. "Erfolgsfaktoren des IPO-Managements." Hamburg Kovač, 2004. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-1844-4.htm.
Full text
24
Dumrongwong, Konpanas. "Analysis of IPO advertising." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15277.
Full textAbstract:
This research investigated the market conditions caused by IPO advertising by examining the impact of IPO advertising, based on the US stock market from 1986 to 2009. The relationship between advertising intensity in the IPO year and the degree of IPO underpricing was examined. It was found that IPO advertising is an inappropriate way to convey a firm's true value of IPO to market participants. An increase in advertising intensity around an IPO event increases the degree of initial returns. Simultaneously, however, advertising intensity around an IPO event also increases the post-IPO initial-return uncertainty, which raises the question as to whether advertising serves primarily as a mechanism to convey a firm's true value to investors. The theoretical valuation of IPO, the relation between IPO advertising and the degree of stock overvaluation and the relation between IPO advertising and long-run performance of IPO are discussed. Based on the Peasnell (1982)'s residual income valuation framework (henceforth RIV), IPO advertising was proved to cause stock price to be more overvalued in the secondary market: a positive relationship was found between advertising and the degree of stock overvaluation relative to its theoretical value. The stock price tends to revert back to its fundamental value in the long run a few years after IPO. The link between advertising intensity and long-run performance was investigated. The Fama French 3-factor model and Carhart 4-factor model were employed, with investment horizons of one, two, three and four years. While advertising is relevant to a firm’s value in the IPO year, the degree of advertising in the IPO year is unrelated to its value two and three years following the IPO event. The view that advertising serves primarily as a form of intangible asset that enhances future earnings (i.e., a 4 firm's value) is unable to account for the degree of underpricing. Accordingly, an alternative hypothesis, that advertising inflates the short-run stock price, was proposed. The results of this study are consistent with the view of Purnanandam and Swaminathan (2004), namely that the stock price of newly listed firms can be overvalued.
25
Leppänen, S. (Samu). "Hirsirakenteinen huoneistohotelli Iso-Syötteelle." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201906042326.
Full textAbstract:
Tiivistelmä. Tämä diplomityö on suunnitelmapainotteinen työ, jonka aiheena on uusi hirsirakenteinen huoneistohotelli Iso-Syötteen laskettelukeskukseen. Suunnitelma on toteutettu osana Moderni Hirsikaupunki -hanketta, joka tutkii nykyaikaisen hirsirakentamisen käyttömahdollisuuksia kaupunkiympäristössä, sen haasteita ja hyötyjä. Diplomityö on tehty syksyn 2018 ja kevään 2019 aikana, Moderni Hirsikaupunki -hankkeen loppupuolen arviointivaiheessa, mutta työn suunnittelullisen aiheen vuoksi se kuuluu varsinaisesti hankkeen suunnittelututkimusvaiheeseen. Suunnittelutyön aihe on saatu Hotelli Iso-Syötteen johtajalta, jonka aikeena on ollut rakentaa laskettelukeskuksen ala-aseman läheisyyteen uusi huoneistohotelli. Toiveena oli tutkia mahdollisuutta toteuttaa suhteellisen suurikokoinen hotellirakennus hirsirakenteisena, mihin tässä diplomityössä onkin tartuttu. Annetut lähtötiedot itse suunnittelulle olivat suhteellisen niukat, sisältäen lähinnä suunnittelualueen suurpiirteisen rajauksen ja toivotun huoneistojen määrän, joten suunnittelussa on otettu paljon vapauksia esimerkiksi muun tilaohjelman sekä arkkitehtuurin suhteen.
Diplomityö jakautuu karkeasti ottaen kolmeen toisiinsa linkittyvään osaan: aiheen taustoitukseen, suunnittelupaikan tutkimiseen, sekä varsinaiseen suunnitelmaosuuteen.
Tausta -osuus on kirjallisena tehty osio, joka antaa suunnitelman kannalta olennaisia taustatietoja aiheeseen liittyen. Taustoituksessa on rrottu lyhyesti Suomen hirsirakentamisesta, sekä esitelty Pohjois-Suomen matkailuarkkitehtuurin historiaa ja pohdittu sen nykytilaa ja tulevaisuutta. Matkailuarkkitehtuuri on 1960-luvulle saakka ollut suhteellisen laadukasta, mutta sen jälkeen massaturismin alettua taso on heikentynyt ja erityisesti Suomen laskettelukeskuksiin on noussut mitä ihmeellisempiä tyylittömiä luomuksia. Eriskummallisella kulissiarkkitehtuurilla pyritään houkuttelemaan turiseja, mutta ehkä samaan lopputulokseen voitaisiin päästä myös oikeasti laadukkaalla arkkitehtuurilla.
Paikka -osuudessa on esitelty tarkemmin suunnittelualuetta, Iso-Syötettä, ja kerrottu sen historiasta ja tulevaisuudesta sekä esitelty nykyistä tilannetta suunnittelun pohjaksi. Iso-Syöte on Pohjois-Pohjanmaalla sijaitseva tunturi, jonka alueen historia ulottuu kivikaudelle asti. 1980-luvulta lähtien tunturilla on toiminut laskettelukeskus Iso-Syöte, jonka toiminta on pyörinyt pääosin menestyksekkäästi tähän päivään saakka. Iso-Syötteen ympäristö ja toiminnot tarjoavat kiinnostavat lähtökohdat diplomityön suunnitteluosuudelle.
Suunnitelma -osuus esittelee diplomityön varsinaisen suunnittelutyön, Hirsirakenteisen huoneistohotellin Iso-Syötteelle. Huoneistohotelli koostuu maantasokerrokseen ja kellariin sijoittuvista julkisista tiloista, kuten ravintolasta, baarista, liiketiloista ja saunatiloista, sekä tilaelementtitekniikalla toteutetuista majoitushuoneistoista kolmessa kerroksessa. Hotellissa on pyritty yhdistelemään klassisen luontomatkailun piirteitä, paikalla vallalla olevaan aktiiviseen laskettelumatkailuun. Suunnitelman lähtökohdat ovat vahvasti kontekstissa ja paikallisuudessa, ja perinteikästä hirsirakentamista on siinä käytetty modernilla tavalla laadukkaan arkkitehtuurin luomiseen.Log-structured apartment hotel for Iso-Syöte. Abstract. This master’s thesis is a design oriented work, whose topic is a design for a new log-structured apartment hotel, for the ski resort of Iso-Syöte. The work is done as a part of the Modern Log City (Moderni Hirsikaupunki) -research project, which studies the potential of log structures in the urban environment; the challenges and the benefits. The master’s thesis has been done during the autumn of 2018 and spring of 2019, during the evaluation period of the Modern Log City -research project, but due to the design oriented character of the work, it is more a part of the design-based research period of the project. The topic of the thesis was given by the manager of the Hotel Iso-Syöte, whose aim has been to build a new apartment hotel close to the bottom of the ski slopes. His request was to study the possibility of constructing a rather extensive hotel building using a log structure, and that is the issue which has been dealt with in this master’s thesis. The given initial data was rather scarce, including essentially the rough boundaries of the design area and the desirable amount of rooms, so a lot of liberties have been taken considering the space programme and architecture for example.
This master’s thesis is coarsely divided into three interlinking parts: the background of the subject, the examination of the site and ultimately the actual project of the apartment hotel.
The background part is a written part, presenting some essential information in relation to the subject. In the background section, the history of log buildings in Finland is being briefly described, as well as the history, present state and the future of the tourism related architecture in northern Finland. The tourism related architecture has been quite high-class until the 1960’s, but after that, since the era of mass tourism, the quality has been decreasing, and run-down architectural creations have emerged throughout the ski resorts in Finland. Odd, counterfeit architecture is being used as a method for attracting tourists, even though the same results could likewise be achieved with some genuine high-quality architecture.
The site part introduces more closely the area of interest, Iso-Syöte, by telling about its history, future and the present state as a grounding for the design work. Iso-Syöte is a fjeld in the North Ostrobothnia, and the area has a history stretching all the way to the Stone Age. Since the 1980’s the Iso-Syöte ski resort has been operating at the fjeld, doing quite successfully to this day. The environment and the activities of the Iso-Syöte provide a truly fascinating starting point for the design phase of the master’s thesis.
The design part presents the actual design work of the master’s thesis, the apartment hotel with a log structure for the ski resort of Iso-Syöte. The apartment hotel consists of some public spaces in the ground floor and basement such as a restaurant, a bar, a public sauna and some commercial spaces, as well as accommodations in three floors, conducted with prefabricated box units. With the design of the hotel, some characteristics of the classical tourism have been introduced to the existing environment of active tourism. The design is strongly based on the context and locality, and the traditional log construction has been used in a modern manner in order to achieve admirable architecture.
26
Liu, Lisa M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Portable iso-dielectrophoresis system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105981.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 60-62).
Iso-dielectrophoresis (IDS) can be used to characterize and separate cells by their electrical characteristics. An IDS system usually consist of a RF frequency voltage source up to 24 V, syringe pumps, microscope, and computer. Much of this equipment is difficult to transport, making off-site sample collection of time-sensitive samples, such as blood, difficult. The miniaturization of the IDS system would allow measurements to take place at the time of sample collection, improving the confidence in the measurement. This thesis details an attempt to miniaturize each system. The Raspberry Pi microcomputer was used to control and process signals from the hardware. A portable, affordable system for the electrical and optical equipment systems are described. A custom PCB was designed to provide voltage signals up to 3 MHz and 12 Vpp. A microscope using a Raspberry Pi camera and reversed webcam lens achieved 240x magnification with 13 [mu]m resolution. Alternatives to the syringe pump, including air pressure regulated pumps and peristaltic pumps, were considered for the fluidic component.
by Lisa Liu.
M. Eng.
27
Palermo, Humberto Nicolás Sica. "O sistema dom-ino." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7917.
Full textAbstract:
O Sistema Dom-ino, elaborado entre 1914 e 1917 por Le Corbusier, aparentemente um tema de fácil compreensão e descrição, guarda uma série de conceitos e atributos que, a exemplo do que ocorre com boa parte da obra corbusiana e, ao mesmo tempo (e pelas mesmas razões), com a arquitetura moderna, escapam à atenção da maioria dos autores e profi ssionais da arquitetura. Sintetiza idéias de diferentes tipos, ligadas a diferentes campos do conhecimento, como estética, engenharia, economia e, é obvio, arquitetura. Assim, o Dom-ino pode ser defi nido como sistema construtivo constituído por lajes planas, pilares e fundações em concreto armado, que propõe uma ordem racional entre seus elementos e sua construção, através da aplicação de subsistemas de organização, visando dotar os edifícios que a empregam de atributos formais modernos, concretos (pisos em balanço, planta e fachadas livres, pilotis, etc.) e abstratos (como economia de meios, rapidez, rigor e precisão na construção, universalidade). Analisando suas características formais percebe-se que as relações entre seus elementos são, além de físicas, dimensionais e proporcionais, superando as justifi cativas meramente funcionais para o arranjo entre seus elementos. Ao ler as justifi cativas do autor para a concepção do sistema percebe-se o conteúdo social e econômico da idéia, que propõe medidas para otimização do planejamento e construção através da préfabricação e padronização dos elementos constituintes. Finalmente, ao analisar a obra posterior de Le Corbusier, tanto seus edifícios construídos e projetados quanto suas proposições urbanísticas, executadas ou não, é fl agrante o uso de elementos que foram elaborados e lançados por intermédio do sistema Dom-ino. O que faz com que o sistema seja importante e diferenciado é a sua complexidade, justifi cada tanto pelas infl uências contidas na sua concepção quanto pelas qualidades das obras que o empregaram. Isso ratifi ca a sua condição de ponto de mutação na carreira de Le Corbusier, e consequentemente na arquitetura moderna, pois representa diversos fatos importantes, onde se identifi cam alguns dos paradigmas técnicos e arquitetônicos mais importantes do século XX, vigentes até hoje.The Dom-ino System, devised between 1914 e 1917 by Le Corbusier, is aparently a subject that affords easy understanding. However, as it is true of the majority of corbusian ideas, and of modern architecture’s, for that matter, it encompasses a number of concepts and attributes that tend to elude most writers and practitioners. The Dom-ino is a synthesis of ideas from several fi elds of knowledge like aesthetics, engineering, economics and, of course, architecture. Thus the Domino can be defi ned as a system, constituted by concrete slabs, columns and foundations, that suggests a rational ordering of its elements and construction as a way of endowing new buildings with certain attributes, both concrete and abstract, that can be described as modern. An analysis of the Dom-ino will show that the relationships that obtain among its elements are not only material but also dimensional and proportional, going much beyond the mere functional justifi cations for the its arrangement of elements. Reading Le Corbusier’s defense of the system one cannot but understand the added social and economic content of the concept, as it proposes measures for the improvement of design and construction through prefabrication and standardization. Finally, as the latter part of Le Corbusier’s OEuvre shows, the Dom-ino idea permeates the whole of his output. What makes it relevant is the complexity derived both from the sources that contributed to its conception and the high quality of the projects in which it was employed. One of the points this dissertation wishes to make is that the Dom-ino System was not just an instrumental notion but represented a turning point in Le Corbusier’s career, embodying technical and architectural paradigms still relevant.
28
Andrade, Marcio Calixto de. "ITO como memoria optica." [s.n.], 1987. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277168.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Sergio MoehleckeDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-14T02:53:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade_MarcioCalixtode_M.pdf: 6742037 bytes, checksum: 8c01808a57702311c1ef16a5d27ea459 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1987
Resumo: Filmes finos de óxido de índio estanho (ITO) foram crescidos utilizando o método de 'sputtering R.F.¿ reativo. As propriedades ópticas e elétricas destes filmes mostraram-se fortemente dependentes da pressão parcial de oxigênio durante a deposição. Do estudo dessa dependência e também, das condições de crescimento dos filmes, obtivemos um novo material e processo para aplicação como memória óptica. O processo de gravação baseia-se na mudança local (provocada pela luz de um 'laser') do índice de refração do material (opaco ® transparente) sem a sua destruição. Como resultado foi obtido um material sensível a laser de semicondutor de baixas potências, uma alta razão sinal/ruído de leitura e estabilidade das marcas de gravação. Este material possui características equivalentes aos outros existentes na literatura, com as vantagens que um processo não destrutivo proporciona
Abstract: Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films have been prepared by reactive r.f. sputtering. The optical and electrical properties of these films showed strong dependence with the oxygen partial pressure during deposition. From the study of this dependence and of films growth conditions, we obtained a new material and process for application as optical recording. The recording process Is based on the local change (caused by a laser light) of the refractive index of the material (opaque transparent) without Its destruction. As a result we have obtained a sensitive material to low power semiconductor lasers, a high signal noise ratio of reading and a good environmental stability. This material posses the same characteristics as the ones related in literature, with the advantage of the a non destructive process
Mestrado
Física
Mestre em Física
29
Tepsa, J. (Johanna). "Oppimisen ilo luokanopettajien kertomuksissa." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201404111271.
Full textAbstract:
Tutkimuksemme tehtävänä on selvittää luokanopettajien kokemuksia oppimisen ilosta. Tavoitteena on löytää positiivinen näkökulma koulumaailmaan ja nähdä tunteet osana oppimistapahtumaa. Suomalaisten oppilaiden viihtymättömyys koulussa ja uuden opetussuunnitelman ilon ja tunteiden painottaminen lisäsivät kiinnostustamme aiheen tutkimiseen.
Tutkimuksen teoriaosuudessa tarkastelemme ilon, oppimisen ja oppimisen ilon käsitteitä. Viitekehyksemme pohjautuu positiivisen psykologian näkemykseen siitä, että ilo ja positiiviset tunteet vaikuttavat pysyvästi yksilön toiminnan kehittämiseen (Fredrickson 2003). Oppimista käsittelemme sosiokonstruktivistisesta näkökulmasta, jonka mukaan oppimisessa korostuu erityisesti yksilön aktiivinen ja tavoitteellinen toiminta sekä vuorovaikutus (Kauppila 2007, Pruuki 2008). Oppimisen ilon käsitettä määrittelemme etenkin Rantalan (2006) ja Varila & Viholaisen (2000) tutkimuksiin pohjautuen, joissa oppimisen ilo on ilmenee oppimisprosessin aikana tai sen jälkeen koettuna onnistumisen ja osaamisen kokemuksena.
Käytimme narratiivisen tutkimuksemme aineistonkeruumenetelmänä teemahaastattelua. Haastattelun teemoina olivat opettajan ilo työssä, opettajan merkitys oppimisen iloon, oppilaan oppimisen ilo ja oppimisen ilon määrittely. Aineistomme koostuu seitsemän luokanopettajan haastattelusta.
Analyysimenetelmämme oli aineistolähtöinen. Pyrimme löytämään aineistosta nousevia teemoja mahdollisimman laajasti. Näistä lopulta osa karsiutui tutkimuksemme ulkopuolelle. Olemme jaotelleet tutkimustulokset kolmeen pääteemaan. Niitä ovat 1. Oppimisen ilo yksilön kokemuksena, 2. Oppimisen ilo jaettuna kokemuksena ja 3. Oppimisen ilon kokemuksen luonne ja laatu. Pääteemojen alle muodostui useita alateemoja. Esitämme tulokset aineistokatkelmien, tulkintojen ja teorian vuoropuheluna.
Tutkimuksemme mukaan oppimisen ilon tunteet yksilön kokemana muotoutuivat yksilön huomioimisesta, kuulluksi tulemisesta ja mahdollisuudesta vaikuttaa omaan ja luokan toimintakulttuurin. Tutkimuksestamme käy ilmi, että vuorovaikutus nähdään merkittävänä tekijänä oppimisen ilon kokemisessa niin yksilö- kuin yhteisötasolla. Turvalliset ihmissuhteet ja ilmapiiri sitouttavat oppilaan luokassa tapahtuvaan toimintaan, jolloin motivaatio ja ilo oppimiseen kasvavat. Tutkimuksemme osoittaa myös, että oppimisen ilon kokemiseen on monia eri tapoja. Jaottelimme erilaiset kokemukset Varilan ja Viholaisen (2000, 67) työnilon mallista sovellettuun neljään kategoriaan.
30
Hernández, Gazzo Juan Luis. "Viviendo ius et veritas." IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123111.
Full text
31
Ivo, Malte [Verfasser]. "Die Folgenbeseitigungslast. / Malte Ivo." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1238273157/34.
Full text
32
Botkina, Darya, and Meixin Xu. "ISO ToolMaker application development." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-201734.
Full textAbstract:
With the rapid development of manufacturing industry, there is an increasing need for different industries to communicate, exchange and share information. While, the diversity of terms being used among different organizations makes the communication hard to proceed. Due to this reason, Sandvik Coromant decided to initiate development of a new international standard ISO 13399 under the title Cutting tool data representation and exchange. The standardis developed by Sandvik Coromant, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, French Cetim (technical centre for mechanical engineers) and other organizations in the metal cutting sector. (Sandvik Coromant)ISO 13399 has been developed for years, and it has reached a stage to be tested and verified. In 2014, Sandvik starts a new project of developing an application called ISO ToolMaker for verifying and validating the development and implementation specification of ISO 13399. By2016, the framework of this application has been set up. Since the software development is still at the primary stage, there are plenty of issues need to be settled afterwards. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to promote the reform of ISO ToolMaker, adjusting existing undesired functions, adding new modules for advanced usage, and reorganize the software structure for continuous improvement. By conducting the literature research and interviewing the staff in Sandvik Coromant, an action plan was made, and a systematic method was applied to guide the procedures. Compare to the previous application, the final version has three significant advantages ‐ an extra store function for items and assemblies, a more rigorous logical connection and a one‐click output mode and, in addition, the text‐info for guiding each step and the detail design of the software. All the aspects make it a superior and user‐friendly application to work with.Med den snabba utvecklingen av industrin finns det ökande behov mellan branscherna att kommunicera, utbyta och dela information. Samtidigt försvårar mångfalden av termer som används mellan olika organisationer kommunikationen. På grund av detta beslutade Sandvik Coromant att initiera utveckling av en ny internationell standard ISO 13399 med titeln Cuttingtool data representation and exchange. Standarden är framtagen av Sandvik Coromant, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan i Stockholm, franska CETIM (tekniskt centrum för maskiningenjörer) och andra organisationer i metallbearbetningssektorn. (Sandvik Coromant) ISO13399 har utvecklats under många år och har nått ett stadium när det ska testas och verifieras. Under 2014 startade Sandvik ett nytt projekt för att utveckla ett verktyg som heter ISO ToolMaker för verifiering och validering av utvecklingen och specifikation för införande av ISO 13399. 2016 hade ramverket för detta verktyg etablerats. Eftersom mjukvaruutveckligen fortfarande är i ett tidigt skede, finns det en hel del frågor som måste lösas i efterhand. Därför är syftet med detta examensarbete att vidareutveckla ISO ToolMaker, genom att förbättra dåliga funktioner, lägga till nya moduler för avancerad användning och omorganisera mjukvarustrukturen för ständiga förbättringar. Som ett resultat av litteraturstudie och intervjuer med personal på Sandvik Coromant togs en handlingsplan fram och en systematisk metod användes för utvecklingsarbetet. Jämför med det tidigare verktyget, har den slutliga versionen tre betydande fördelar ‐ en extra lagringsfunktion för objekt och montage, en mer omfattande logisk sammankoppling och en ”one‐click”‐resultatvisning och dessutom textinfo för att styra varje steg och detaljutvecklingen av mjukvaran. Dessa egenskaper gör det till ett bekvämt och användarvänligt verktyg att arbeta med.
33
Šenkyřík, Ivo. "Analýza IPO v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-5223.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis "IPO analysis in Czech Republic" focuses on initial public offering (IPO) issue applied on the Czech capital market. The beginning of the thesis focuses on IPO characteristics and company's alternative financing. The work describes IPO process in detail in case of an issue on the Prague Stock Exchange and the long-term performance characteristics of the new issues further. The ending focuses on the current Czech capital market, the Prague Stock Exchange and the investors.
34
Romero, Matías Gastón. "Certificación de normas ISO." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 2012. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/5247.
Full textAbstract:
Es común percibir que, en la empresas pequeñas o que recién comienzan, el mecanismo de control asociado es el de observación directa por parte del propietario. En cambio para las empresas de mayor tamaño, existen mecanismos más sofisticados de control que permiten realizar un registro más profundo de las actividades, su desarrollo y por sobre todo su adecuación con los objetivos de la firma.
Más allá de ser una pequeña o gran empresa, cada una debería implementar un Sistema de Control de Gestión para facilitar el mejoramiento continuo de cada elemento de la organización.
Lecar S.A. es una empresa familiar dedicada a la compra - venta de automotores nuevos y usados en la provincia de Mendoza, que ha sufrido a lo largo de sus años varias modificaciones en su estructura, pero nunca logró establecer un orden formal en sus actividades.
Se podría decir, que un problema desde el punto de vista social, es una dificultad o
impedimento que se interpone para el desarrollo normal de una situación, y por lo tanto requiere de una solución.
Los objetivos de este trabajo se pueden disgregar en uno general que es el de formular y documentar un manual de políticas y procedimientos para las áreas operativas más importantes de Lecar S.A. y otros, un tanto más específicos, como analizar la empresa Lecar S.A. en su estado actual, analizar los beneficios y costos de los manuales de políticas y procedimientos en una empresa familiar, establecer conocimientos generales sobre calidad en la gestión y realizar un acercamiento a los instrumentos de certificación de normas de calidad en la gestión de las empresas.Fil: Romero, Matías Gastón. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.
35
Hoque, Hafiz. "Information content of insider trades, IPO lockup expiration and long-run IPO performance." Thesis, City University London, 2010. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/12096/.
Full textAbstract:
A number of previous studies have assessed whether insider trades convey information to the market. Whilst lots of research has been undertaken in the past three decades, the issue is still contentious and there is ongoing debate concerning the legality and profitability of insider trading. Regulators restrict insider trading before any material news announcements, so that insider cannot take advantage of private information. Motivated by the studies in individual and aggregate insider trading, the objective of this thesis is to understand the role of signals that insiders send to the financial market about their companies when they trade, in general and to assess the role of insider trading in the context of initial public offerings (IPOs), particularly under lockup restrictions and the high information asymmetries inherent in IPOs.
36
Ekstener, Albin, and Kristoffer Andersson. "Återanvändning av ett företags åtgärder inom ISO 9001:2015 & ISO 14001:2015." Thesis, Jönköping University, Tekniska Högskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54037.
Full textAbstract:
There are a variety of advantages to companies certifying their management system according to the ISO standards that exist. Examples of these advantages are that you get a tool that helps to conduct your business in a better way as you often get into continuous improvements in this context. This report concerns two companies, Götessons Industri AB and company X, company X was acquired just over a year ago by the Götessons Group. The Götessons Group wants all companies in the Group to be certified according to both ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 14001:2015. The purpose of the work was therefore to develop appropriate solutions to be able to certify a management system at company X in accordance with ISO requirements. This should be done by trying to take as much from the solutions that Götessons used to obtain a certificate and then apply this to company X. The work also briefly addresses why companies choose to be certified according to ISO standards, but also a description of what a functioning management system can look like. The theories used to create a foundation in the work are ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015, Management System and Management System Standard. To supplement these theories, a number of different methods have also been used in the form of document studies, literature studies, investigations, and interviews. The document study that has been carried out is to review Götesson's management system. The literature study that has been done is primarily an in-depth study at SIS on what a certification means. The investigations and interviews carried out are visits to the various companies and related interviews. The interviews have been with staff but mainly with the company's external auditor who has over 20 years of experience in certifications. The work resulted in the reuse of a large part of Götesson's management system to company X’s management system. Some parts can be transferred without further adaptation, while some parts require a greater adaptation to better suit the business. When introducing a management system within a corporate group, the strategy used in the study lead to both time savings and cost savings for the companies involved. The work also showed that in this case it will not be possible to apply all the measures as the activities differ in certain processes.
37
Nilsson, Jenny, and Andreas Sundholm. "Effectivisation of ISO 9001 and implementation of ISO 14001 in a manufacturing industry." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42184.
Full textAbstract:
This report is written as a thesis for a degree of master. In this report you can read about increasing demands from customers that want their suppliers to be certified by some type of standard, like ISO 9001 and ISO 14001. ISO 9001 is a standard of requirements for implementing a quality management system within an organisation and is built on seven main principles which the organization need to fulfil. ISO 14001 is a standard of requirements for implementing an environmental management system and is like ISO 9001 built on seven main principles. Implementation and the work with the standards are based of the PDCA-cycle. The thesis is made together with AGES Kulltorp AB, a company based in Kulltorp, Värnamo. They supply diecasted and machined products in aluminium and has realised that they are in need to get certified by ISO 14001 and needs an effectivization of their quality management system according to ISO 9001. To be able to implement a standard of this kind, it requires an involved, determined management team and an acceptance that work will be time and resource consuming. The organizations shall also be able to accept changes and the employees must be motivated and empowered to simplify the implementation. This report determines most of the theories from academic work by the practical work of updating the whole management system at AGES Kulltorp to fulfil all the requirements of ISO 9001 and ISO 14001. This report will also state what type of documents and routines that is required for the quality and environmental management system. The report will also describe how AGES Kulltorp made their journey against effectivisation of ISO 9001 and certification of ISO 14001. The survey that were performed at AGES Kulltorp expose most of the internal obstacles that the company must work with to be able to fully implement the management system to the organization.
38
Berggren, Dennis. "IPO Underpricing and tech valuation : An empirical study of the Swedish IPO market." Thesis, KTH, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209453.
Full textAbstract:
The closing price first day of trading has historically been found to exceed the offer price set in IPOs, implying that many issuing firms tend to leave money on the table in their IPO. This thesis examines the level of IPO underpricing in Sweden using unique data of IPO transactions on the largest Swedish stock exchanges during 2010-2016. It further discusses the valuation difficulties using the most common valuation methods for firms exhibiting characteristics commonly shared by technological firms. Univariate and multivariate tests confirm the existence of underpricing on Swedish stock exchanges during the period of study. Firms in the technological sector are found to experience both high average levels of underpricing and great variance in initial returns, suggesting potential difficulties valuing technological firms. Robust univariate tests do however not yield a significant result of greater variance in initial returns compared to rest of the sample. By using regression analysis, I find capital raised relative to market capitalization to have significant negative effect on initial returns.
39
Capozzi, Charles J. "Controlled self-assembly of ito nanoparticles into aggregate wire structures in pmma-ito nanocomposites." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28277.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. S.)--Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Gerhardt, Rosario; Engineering: Dr. Arun M. Gokhale; Engineering: Dr. Preet Singh; Engineering: Dr. Mohan Srinivasarao; Engineering: Dr. Meisha Shofner.
40
BENÉR, DANIEL, and SANDRA APPELTOFFT. "Ledarskap och ISO 14001 : En fallstudie om hur ledarskapet påverkas och påverkar ISO 14001." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20768.
Full textAbstract:
Vi har gjort en fallstudie som utforskar hur ledarskapet påverkar och påverkas vid entillämpning av ISO 14001, samt hur tillämpningen av standarden är utformad påstudiens företag. Analysen har genomförts med hjälp av institutionell teori somteoretisk referensram. Vi kom fram till att ISO 14001 inte leder till eninterorganisatorisk homogenisering mellan olika företag, inomsamhällsplaneringsbranschen som vårt fallföretag agerar i. Vidare fastslog vi även enparadox i utformningen av ISO 14001-systemet hos företaget; otydliga istället förtydliga krav ökar chansen för att behålla certifieringen. Till sists kom vi också framtill att ledarskapets svårighet att kommunicera aktörernas rätt att översätta ISO 14001i sin praktik, beror på att ISO 9001 och ISO 14001 hos vårt fallföretag är utformatsom ett gemensamt system. Där ISO 9001 ligger i fokus. Uppsatsen syfte är att bidratill existerande institutionell teori.Program: Civilekonomprogrammet
41
Thorman, Philip, and Adnan Yousef. "Övergångsprocessen till ISO 9001:2015 : Metoder och hjälpverktyg inför skiftet till ISO 9001:2015." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36831.
Full textAbstract:
Utgångspunkten i arbetet har varit att belysa den generella bilden vid en övergångsprocess, där metoderna och hjälpverktygen är tillämpliga på alla företag som ska göra övergången till ISO9001:2015. Vidare har case-företagets nuläge studerats ingående med en lämpliga metoder för att visa på hur detta kan göras samt vilken vikt det har för att underlätta övergången till en ny standard. Arbetet syftar därmed till att underlätta övergångsprocessen till ISO9001:2015 (Se figur 1) 1) Vilka metoder är lämpliga att använda för att kartlägga nuläget gällande ISO9001? Frågeställningen har besvarats genom att data har samlats in med hjälp av flera olika metoder. Dessa jämfördes sedan med varandra för att komma fram till vilka skillnader och likheter som fanns. Metoderna som användes var, enkätundersökning, samtal och en egenutvecklad metod ”metod för egenbedömning”. Analysen genomfördes och resultatet visar på att de olika metoderna kom fram till delvis olika resultat. Vidare är det såldes viktigt att analysera ett nuläge för mer än 1 perspektiv och genom olika metoder. 2) Vilka skillnader finns mellan ISO9001:2008 och ISO9001:2015? Den använda metoden för att fastställa de skillnader som fanns mellan standarderna utgjordes av en gap-analys. Analysen genomfördes genom att följande krav i ISO9001:2015 och dess korrelation i ISO9001:2008 jämfördes och skillnaden (gapen) kunde identifieras.(Se Figur 11) 3) Vilka hjälpverktyg passar företag inför en enkel och effektiv övergång till ISO9001:2015? Nuläget har satts i relation till 3 kritiska faktorer som enligt Poksinska[8] är avgörande vid implementering av en ny standard. Utifrån dessa faktorer har relevanta hjälpmedel konstruerats för att företag ska kunna gå från sitt nuläge till en ny standard på bästa möjliga sätt. De nya krav som fastställdes i gap-analysen måste organisationer uppfylla för att bli certifierade enligt ISO9001:2015. Relevanta metoder har därför tagits fram utifrån de upplevda svårigheterna och behov företag hade i övergångsprocessen som fastställdes i O. Makie, B. Haxha examensarbete 2016 [2]. Dessa metoder kan direkt tillämpas i alla Sveriges företag oavsett vilken verksamhet som bedrivs i syfte att smidiggöra övergångsprocessen till ISO9001:2015. Resultatet av denna studie är de hjälpverktyg och metoder som tagits fram och dessa har sitt ursprung antigen från företagets nuläge eller från gap-analysen. Det har även varit viktigt att sätta dessa verktyg och metoder i relation till den teori som behandlats för att visa på att de fyller ett syfte och har en vetenskapligrund. Hjälpverktygen kan direkt tillämpas ute hos företag och kan komma att bli en del i det vardagliga kvalitetsledningsarbetet.The key point in this thesis has been to illustrate the overall picture of a transitions process where the tools and methods are applicable on all companies that will make the transition to ISO9001:2015. Furthermore has the case company’s current situation been thoroughly studied with suitable methods to prove how this can be done and the importance it has to easen the transition to a new standard. The key is to ease the transition process to ISO9001:2015 (figure 1). Which methods are suited to determine the current situation regarding ISO9001? This has been answered by collecting data by using many different methods. The methods were then compared to each other to figure out which differences and similarities there was. The used methods are: serveys, dialogues and a self-developed method ”metod för egen bedömning” (method of self-assessment). The analysis was conducted and the results show that the different methods came to partially different results. Furthermore, it’s important to analyze a subject from more than one perspective and by using different methods. 2. What are the differences between ISO9001:2008 and ISO9001:2015? The method that were being used to determine the differences that existed between the standard systems consisted of a gap-analysis. The analysis was carried out by comparing the following demands in ISO9001:2015 and its correlation in ISO9001:2008 and the difference (the gaps) could be identified (Figure 11). 3. Which auxiliary tools are suited for companies facing a simple and effective transition to ISO9001:2015? The current situation has been put in relation to three important and critical factors which, according to Poksinska[8], are crucial when implementing a new standard. Relevant tools have been designed based on these factors to allow companies to ascend to the new standard in the best possible fashion. Companies must fulfill the new standards, determined by the gap-analysis, to be certified by ISO9001:2015. Relevant methods have been constructed from the difficulties and needs the companies experienced during the transition process as determined by O. Makie, B. Haxha thesis 2016 [2]. These methods can be directly applied to all Swedish companies, no matter what kind of business the company is conducting, to make the transition to ISO9001:2015 as simple as possible. The results from this thesis are the tools and methods that was produced and these have got their origin from the company’s current situation or from the gap-analysis. It has also been important to relate these tools and methods to the theory that has been processed to show their purpose and that they are supported by a scientific basis. The auxiliary tools can be directly applied and could come to be a part of the everyday quality management.
42
Afzal, Osman. "Harmonisering av ISO 10668 varumärkesvärdering." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-11743.
Full textAbstract:
Immateriella tillgångar har blivit allt viktigare i en globaliserad värld med stora företag som investerar och agerar i olika länder. En viktig immateriell tillgång är varumärken. För att kunna värdera ett varumärkes värde finns det flera finansiella metoder. En ny standard, ISO 10668 Requirements for monetary brand valuation, utgavs av ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 1 september 2010. Syftet med denna standard är att på ett tillförlitligt sätt kunna värdera varumärken under sin uppbyggnad, vid eventuella tvister samt vid ett företagsförvärv. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur de inblandade parterna i harmoniseringsprocessen av ISO 10668 har arbetat fram en enhetlig standard genom olika konflikter, beslut, samarbeten och kompromisser. Uppsatsen baseras på åtta intervjuer (med personer som varit inblandade i utvecklingen av standarden) samt två dokument. Resultatet som denna uppsats kommer fram till är följande: Att standarden ämnar till att vara enhetlig genom bland annat transparens krav som möjliggör att en värdering kan granskas av en extern part. För att utveckla denna standard har arbetsgruppen bestått av skilda professioner (konsulter, revisorer, marknadsförare och jurister) för att täcka in olika delar som standarden innehåller (legala, beteendemässiga och finansiella analyser). Att det har funnits vissa konflikter och kompromisser för att möjliggöra standardens existens. Konflikter har varit rörande för många finansiella metoder samt definitionen av varumärke. Kompromisser har utgjorts av att inkludera vissa metoder samt en hopskrivning av varumärkes definition. Detta har även lett till vissa grupperingar och till att ett land röstade mot standarden. Att standardens bidrag är tidigare finansiella värderingsmetoder med att koppla dessa med en legal och beteendemässig analys. Om denna standard är en enhetlig standard för varumärkesvärderingar tål att diskuteras. Detta eftersom att ett problem som existerat med varumärkesvärderingar är att det finns åtaliga metoder för att värdera ett varumärke på. Standarden är en hopskrivning av tidigare finansiella metoder med en legal analys och en beteendemässig analys.Intangible assets have become increasingly more important in a globalized world of big companies that invest and operate in different countries. An important intangible asset is trademarks or brands. To evaluate a brand's value, there are several financial methods. A new standard called ISO 10668 Requirements for monetary brand valuation was published by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) September 1st 2010. The purpose of this standard is to evaluate in a reliable way brands in their construction, during possible litigation and in mergers & acquisitions situations. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the parties involved in the process of harmonization of ISO 10668 has developed a uniform standard by various conflicts, decisions, collaboration and compromise. The essay is based on eight interviews (with individuals involved in the development of the standard) and two documents. The results of this paper are the following: The standard intends to be standardized by including transparency requirements that enable an evaluation can be audited by an external party. To develop this standard, the working group consisted of different professions (consultants, accountants, marketers and lawyers) to cover different parts of the standard contains (legal, behavioral and financial analysis). That there have been some conflicts and compromises in order to allow standard's existence. Conflicts have been on too many financial methods and the definition of brand. Compromises have included the inclusion of certain techniques and a new definition of brands. This has also led to the creation of internal groupings and that one country voted against the standard. The standard contribution is a linking of former financial valuation methods with a legal and behavioral analysis. If this standard is a standardized for the brand valuation is worth discussing. One problem that has existed with brand valuation is that there are numerous methods for valuing a brand. This standard consists of former existing financial methods with a legal analysis and a behavioral analysis.
43
Höglund, Philip. "Kvalitetsledningssystem enligt ISO 9001 : Produktionsprocessen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-156881.
Full textAbstract:
This report is the result of a thesis work done at the Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, and includes 15 ECTS points. The work has been performed at Företag A, a company specializing in electronics whose major product has become a sophisticated tool used by authorities across northern Europe. Företag A has initiated a quality management system according to the criteria set by ISO 9001. Following demands from customers, Company A has now decided to also start working towards a certification according to SS-EN ISO 9001:2008, this work is the foundation for the thesis work. The thesis work has been limited to the production process and the aim has been to enable this process to be certified according to ISO 9001:2008. The work has been performed by analyzing the existing quality management system and the requirements for each process included, whereby the gap between the current and the target state has been mapped. Suggestions have then been made on how this gap can be filled, some of these suggestions have also been carried out during the thesis work. The conclusions drawn are that quality management does not have to be complicated, but quickly becomes so when the complexity of the processes increases. Therefore, the system's overall records should be kept clear in order to create an accessible system, while methods to generate commitment and support from staff and give them the tools to influence the content becomes a vital part.
44
Leipski, Christian. "The ISO-2MASS AGN survey." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980845564.
Full text
45
Holmström, Christian, and Gabor Posan. "ISO 14001Miljörevisionsprogram för SAS Tech." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-7753.
Full textAbstract:
The demands of environmental effects in today’s companies have been increasing more and
more. To be able to withstand customers, cooperatives and government demands the ISO
14001 certification should not be neglected.
In January 2007 the general management of SAS decided to introduce an environmental
management system for SAS Tech. The work which has been carried out is a part of the
certification process of ISO 14001 which will be completed by the end of year 2009.
The aim is to create auditroutines for the company in order to be able audit ISO 14001
standard internally which is a demand to get certified and to keep the certification in the
future. A schedule has been done which audits different part of the standard at every audit
during one year. The purpose of internalauditing is to be able to confirm that the
management system and the defined work procedures are fullfilling the demanded effect. In
order to simplify work with the audits a checklist is also created for the whole standard.
The auditroutine documents will be inserted among the documents for the environmental
management system for SAS Tech, this´ll later on be certified externally of Bureau Veritas.
46
Johansson, Karin, and Linnéa Aina Nina Matilda Langlet. "Kvalitetssäkring : ISO-certifiering av redovisningsbyråer." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6013.
Full textAbstract:
Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka redovisningsbyråernas upplevda nytta av ISO certifieringen. Med upplevd nytta avses både den nytta byråerna tror att de kommer att få och de konsekvenser certifieringen redan medfört. Undersökningen är genomförd på två olika respondentgrupper. Grupp 1 består av redan certifierade redovisningsbyråer medan grupp 2 består av byråer som har genomgått hela utbildningen men ännu inte certifierat sig. Grupperna har fått besvara varsin mailenkät vars syfte har varit att besvara studiens två frågeställningar; • Varför valde byråerna att certifiera sig? • Hur har byråerna upplevt certifieringen hittills och vilka konsekvenser tror de att den kommer att medföra på lång sikt? Utifrån ovanstående undersökning har vi kommit fram till följande slutsatser. Vi kan konstatera att det som är utmärkande för redovisningsbranschen är att krav från kunder inte har påverkat beslutet att certifiera sig. I stället verkar anledningen till certifiering vara att byråerna vill öka och förbättra sin interna kontroll, genom att dokumentera tydliga rutiner och klargöra ansvarsfördelningen inom företaget. Företagen verkar även se certifieringen som ett sätt att skapa konkurrensfördelar genom att sätta kunden i fokus. De konsekvenser som byråerna redan upplevt och de effekter de tror att certifieringen kommer att medföra stämmer väl överens med angivna anledningar till certifiering. Överlag ser byråerna en stor nytta i arbetet med att gå igenom befintliga rutiner och skapa nya gemensamma. De tror att detta kommer leda till en ökad intern kontroll som bidrar till en bättre arbetsmiljö och nöjdare medarbetare. Den största långsiktiga effekten som byråerna ser är att certifieringen skapar konkurrensfördelar, främst genom den kvalitetsstämpel som ISO-certifieringen innebär. De tror att dessa konkurrensfördelar och den effektivisering som de förbättrade interna rutinerna innebär kommer att göra dem mer lönsamma på sikt. Den mest negativa aspekten som byråerna sett med certifieringsarbetet är att det upplevs som mycket tidskrävande. Detta blir också en kostnadsfråga då det innebär att ej debiterbar tid ökar.
47
陳炳文 and Ping-man Chan. "Environmental accounting with ISO 14000." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30497504.
Full text
48
Chan, Ping-man. "Environmental accounting with ISO 14000 /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18734637.
Full text
49
Braune, Isabell. "Klinischer Stellenwert der Time of Flight FDG-PET/CT bei entzündungsspezifischen Fragestellungen." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002B-7D19-5.
Full text
50
Eeks, Mark Jurjen van. "Valuing unconventional startup funding mechanisms: crowdfunding and initial coin offerings." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94647.
Full textAbstract:
Trabalho de Projeto do Mestrado em Economia apresentado à Faculdade de EconomiaNas últimas décadas, a Internet e outros novos desenvolvimentos tecnológicos, tais como os avanços na criptografia, permitiram que as empresas se lançassem em novas formas criativas de procurar financiamento. Uma grande variedade de artigos na literatura económica têm sido escritos sobre crowdfunding e Initial Coin Offerings (ICO), embora poucos deles façam uma comparação directa entre estes mecanismos de financiamento. Este projecto de trabalho tenta preencher essa lacuna através da análise das relações entre oferta pública inicial (IPO), ICOs e projectos de crowdfunding que tiveram uma data final entre Abril de 2017 e Setembro de 2019. A principal área de foco deste trabalho foi a teoria da sinalização e o grau de subpreço / subcotação de preços (underpricing) das IPO e das ICO. Para analisar as hipóteses, utilizei um conjunto de dados transversais, que foram recolhidos de fontes secundárias como o NASDAQ.com, Kickstarter.com e Icobench.com, para produzir uma regressão linear OLS. Fiz uma regressão de múltiplos possíveis sinais em relação ao capital angariado por qualquer um dos mecanismos de financiamento anteriormente mencionados. Em primeiro lugar, testei o efeito da percentagem de retenção das ICO e das IPO. Em segundo lugar, testei o efeito do objectivo de financiamento das ICO e do crowdfunding. Por último, testei o efeito do tempo de financiamento das ICOs e do financiamento por crowdfunding. Além disso, foram discutidas três hipóteses relativas aos factores determinantes dos subpreços nas ICO e nas IPO. Testei se o montante médio de subcotação de preços, o número de emissões anteriores e o montante do capital mobilizado poderiam explicar nível de subpreço verificado. Por último, testei se o tempo decorrido até à cotação estava positivamente relacionado com o montante da subcotação de preços nas ICO. Os resultados sugerem que o ICO e os projectos de financiamento em regime de crowdfunding com um tempo de financiamento mais longo são menos financiados. Além disso, encontrei uma relação positiva entre o objetivo de financiamento e o montante do capital angariado nas ICO e no Crowdfunding.
In the last few decades, the internet and other new technology developments, such as advancements in cryptography have allowed ventures new creative ways to seek funding. In the economic literature, there is a large variety of papers that have been written on crowdfunding and Initial Coin Offerings (ICO). Though few of them do a direct comparison between these funding mechanisms. This work project tries to fill that gap by analyzing relationships between Initial public offerings (IPOs), ICOs, and reward-based crowdfunding projects that had an ending date between April 2017 and September 2019. The main area of focus of this paper was signaling theory and the degree of underpricing of IPOs and ICOs. For analyzing the hypotheses I have utilized a cross-sectional dataset, that was gathered from secondary sources such as NASDAQ.com, Kickstarter.com, and Icobench.com to conduct an OLS linear regression. I have regressed multiple possible signals on the capital raised by any of the previously mentioned funding mechanisms. Firstly, I tested the effect of the retention percentage of ICOs and IPOs. Secondly, I’ve tested the effect of the funding goal of ICOs and crowdfunding. Finally, I’ve tested the effect of the funding time of ICOs and crowdfunding. Furthermore, three hypotheses regarding the determinants of underpricing in ICOs and IPOs were discussed. I’ve tested if the average amount of underpricing, the number of previous issues, and the amount of capital raised could explain the amount of underpricing. Finally, I tested if the time to listing was positively related to the amount of underpricing in ICOs. The results suggest that ICO and crowdfunding projects with a longer funding time are less funded. Furthermore, I’ve found a positive relationship between the funding goal and the amount of capital raised in ICOs and Crowdfunding.