Relevant bibliographies by topics / IV-VI

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'IV-VI'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "IV-VI"

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Sharrock, R. "Suburban Odes IV - VI." English 34, no. 148 (March 1, 1985): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/34.148.39.

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Marfaing, Y. "Optoelectronics with II–VI and IV–VI compounds." Materials Science and Engineering: B 9, no. 1-3 (July 1991): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(91)90167-t.

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BAUER, G., and W. JANTSCH. "IV-VI COMPOUND DOPING SUPERLATTICES." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 48, no. C5 (November 1987): C5–293—C5–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1987564.

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Bauer, G., H. Pascher, and M. Kriechbaum. "Superlattices of IV-VI Compounds." Physica Scripta T19A (January 1, 1987): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1987/t19a/021.

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Sullens, Tyler A., and Thomas E. Albrecht-Schmitt. "Thorium(IV) chromate(VI) monohydrate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 12 (November 22, 2006): i258—i260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806047416.

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Sizov, F. F. "IV-VI Narrow-Gap Superlattices." Acta Physica Polonica A 79, no. 1 (January 1991): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.79.83.

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Auliya Vilda Ghasya, Dyoty, Asmayani Salimi, and Rio Pranata. "ANALISIS KETERLAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI KELAS TINGGI SEKOLAH DASAR PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19." Numeracy 8, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46244/numeracy.v8i1.1424.

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The research aims to describe the learning planning of Mathematics subjects that have been made by teachers in grade IV, V and VI elementary schools, describing the pattern of implementation of distance learning in mathematics subjects grade IV, V and VI elementary school, describing the difficulty of teachers in carrying out distance learning in mathematics subjects grade IV, V and VI elementary school , describe the difficulties of grade IV, V and VI elementary school students in following distance learning in Mathematics subjects, describe the advantages of the implementation pattern of distance learning in mathematics grade IV, V and VI elementary school, and describe the opinions of parents or guardians of students on distance learning of Mathematics subjects grade IV, V and VI elementary school during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses qualitative research approach with exploration study type. The result of this study is distance learning in mathematics subjects grade VI, V and VI elementary schools there are conducted online and mixed. The implementation of distance learning in mathematics subjects grade VI, V and VI received a variety of responses from teachers, students and parents or guardians. Abstrak Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perencanaan pembelajaran mata pelajaran Matematika yang telah di buat oleh guru pada kelas IV, V dan VI sekolah dasar, mendeskripsikan pola pelaksanaan pembelajaran jarak jauh mata pelajaran Matematika kelas IV, V dan VI sekolah dasar, mendeskripsikan kesulitan guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran jarak jauh pada mata pelajaran Matematika kelas IV, V dan VI sekolah dasar, mendeskripsikan kesulitan siswa kelas IV, V dan VI sekolah dasar dalam mengikuti pembelajaran jarak jauh pada mata pelajaran Matematika, mendeskripsikan kelebihan pola pelaksanaan pembelajaran jarak jauh mata pelajaran Matematika kelas IV, V dan VI sekolah dasar, dan mendeskripsikan pendapat orang tua atau wali murid terhadap pembelajaran jarak jauh mata pelajaran Matematika kelas IV, V dan VI sekolah dasar pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis studi eksplorasi. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran jarak jauh pada mata pelajaran matematika kelas VI, V dan VI sekolah dasar ada yang dilaksanakan secara online maupun campuran. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran jarak jauh pada mata pelajaran matematika kelas VI, V dan VI mendapatkan berbagai respon dari guru, siswa dan orang tua atau wali murid. Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh, Matematika, Kelas Tinggi Sekolah Dasar
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Yang, Junqiang, Yawen Chen, Juan Tong, Yin Su, Xiaoqing Gao, Jiangang He, Keliang Shi, Xiaolin Hou, and Wangsuo Wu. "Investigation on the efficient separation and recovery of Se(IV) and Se(VI) from wastewater using Fe–OOH–bent." Radiochimica Acta 109, no. 5 (February 17, 2021): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2020-0087.

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Abstract Decontamination of the toxic selenium compound, selenite (Se(IV)) and selenate (Se(VI)), from wastewater is imperative for environmental protection. Efficient approaches to remove Se(IV) and Se(VI) are in urgent needs. In this work, an accessible adsorbent Fe–OOH–bent was prepared and applied for the removal of Se(IV) and Se(VI) from wastewater. The batch experimental results demonstrate that Fe–OOH–bent exhibits high adsorption capacities of 5.01 × 10−4 and 2.28 × 10−4 mol/g for Se(IV) and Se(VI) respectively, which are higher than most of the reported bentonite based materials, especially in the case of Se(VI). Moreover, the Fe–OOH–bent displayed superior selectivity towards Se(IV) and Se(VI) even in the presence of excess competitive anions (Cl−, HCO3 −, NO3 −, SO4 2− and PO4 3−) and HA with concentrations of 1000 times higher than Se(IV) and Se(VI). By evaluating the adsorption ratio of Se(IV) and Se(VI), the reusability of Fe–OOH–bent was great through five adsorption-desorption cycles. For practical application, the column experiments were performed with simulated wastewater samples. The breakthrough and eluting curves of Se(IV) and Se(VI) were investigated through the columns packed with Fe–OOH–bent, and the results show that Se(IV) and Se(VI) can be successfully separated and recovered using 0.1 mol/L Na2SO4 (pH = 9.0) and 0.1 mol/L Na3PO4 (pH = 9.0), respectively. Our work provides a new approach for fractional separation as well as the recovery of Se(IV) and Se(VI) from wastewater.
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Volkov, Boris A. "Electronic properties of narrow gap IV – VI semiconductors." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 173, no. 9 (2003): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0173.200309j.1013.

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Kurti, Dilaver. "Tumat IV, V, VI, VII të Burrelit /Les tumuli IV, V, VI, VII de Burrel." Iliria 17, no. 1 (1987): 85–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/iliri.1987.1429.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "IV-VI"

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Neves, Antonio Alvaro Ranha. "Nanocristais coloidais de semicondutores II-VI e IV-VI." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277507.

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Orientador: Carlos Lenz Cesar
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Nesta tese são estudados nanocristais coloidais de semicondutores II-VI e IV-VI no regime de confinamento quântico (pontos quânticos). Este trabalho em sistemas coloidais é o primeiro do nosso grupo. O interesse nesse tipo de sistema ocorre para poder explicar a quebra de linha do estado fundamental, devido à presença do "stress-strain" na interface dos pontos quânticos em matriz vítrea. As sínteses destes nanocristais utilizam métodos recentes para fabricar nanocristais quase monodispersos de CdSe com raios da ordem de 1,7 nm e dispersão de 3,8%. Pode-se observar a dependência do tamanho com adição de água no sistema, cuja tendência é aumentar. Apresentamos também uma discussão sobre a cinética da reação com ênfase no alargamento e estreitamento da distribuição de tamanho, dependendo do tamanho do raio crítico. Além da síntese dos colóides, as técnicas experimentais adotadas nesse trabalho foram a microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e a absorção óptica. Para a absorção óptica, foi aplicada a teoria do k . p , já estudada pelo nosso grupo, desta vez aplicada a um material de estrutura wurtzita. Foi elaborado um programa para determinar os níveis de energia para os parâmetros tabelados. Os resultados deste modelo foram utilizados em nossas interpretações dos resultados experimentais
Abstract:This thesis studies colloidal nanocrystals of II-VI and IV-VI in the quantum confinement regime (quantum dots). This work with colloidal systems is the first in our group. The interest on these systems comes from the fact that it could explain the splitting of the fundamental state, due to the presence of stress-strain on the quantum dots interface with the glass matrix. The synthesis of these nanocrystals utilizes recent methods to produce nearly monodisperse CdSe nanocrystals with radius of about 1,7 nm and a dispersion of 3,8%. The dependence of size when water is added to the system can be observed, whose tendency is to increase. We have presented a discussion about the reaction kinetics with emphasis on the broadening and narrowing of the size distribution, depending on the size of the critical radius. Besides the colloidal synthesis, the experimental techniques adopted in this work where: transmission electron microscopy and optical absorption. For the optical absorption, we used the theory, already studied by our group, now applied to a wurtzite material. A program was elaborated to determine the energy levels for tabulated parameters. The results of this model were used in our interpretation of the experimental results
Mestrado
Física
Mestre em Física
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2

Romano, Ricardo. "Nanocompositos e nanoestruturas de semicondutores das familias II-VI e IV-VI." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249039.

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Orientador: Oswaldo Luiz Alves
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: O desenvolvimento das nanoestruturas e suas aplicações compõem uma das áreas científicas em mais dinâmica ascensão. Grande parte dos estudos na área concentra-se nos métodos de preparação e, de uma forma geral, podem ser divididos em métodos físicos ou químicos. Os primeiros reúnem processos baseados em sistemas de feixes moleculares ou litografia, enquanto os últimos envolvem reações químicas em meios onde o crescimento dos cristais possa ser controlado e estabilizado. Nesta Tese foram preparadas nano(micro)estruturas de semicondutores II-VI e IV-VI a partir de três abordagens químicas distintas. Na primeira, foram obtidos nanocompósitos pelo encapsulamento de nanocristais de CdS e PbS no ambiente microporoso de um vidro transparente, comercialmente conhecido por Vycor®. A técnica envolvida foi a impregnação de peças do vidro com precursor single-source seguida por tratamento térmico visando a pirólise in situ do precursor. Efeitos de confinamento quântico no espectro óptico e micrografias eletrônicas de transmissão confirmaram a natureza nanométrica da fase ocluída. Na segunda, foram obtidos cristais nano e micrométricos de CdS, PbS e ZnS através da técnica conhecida por moldagem molecular por solvente coordenante, na qual precursores single-source foram tratados solvotermicamente em solventes coordenantes e levaram à formação de bastões de CdS, microestrelas de PbS e intercalatos de ZnS com etilenodiamina. Na última abordagem, nanocristais coloidais de CdSe com diferentes faixas de tamanho (2 a 7 nm) foram preparados com a finalidade de se estudar o comportamento da estrutura local e dinâmica vibracional do CdSe em função da redução no tamanho e substituição do agente de recobrimento usado na síntese
Abstract: The development of nanostructures and their applications constitute one of the most exciting scientific areas. A great number of studies in this area concern the preparation methods. Generally, they are classified in physical and chemical methods. The former class is based on molecular beam and lithography techniques, while the latter involves chemical reactions where crystal growth can be controlled and stabilized. In this Thesis, II-VI and IV-VI semiconductor nano(micro)structures were prepared according to three different approaches. In the first one, nanocomposites were obtained through the encapsulation of CdS and PbS nanocrystals into a porous and transparent commercial glass, named Vycor®. Glass pieces were impregnated with single-source precursors and, then, thermally treated in order to achieve in situ pyrolysis, making use of the porous environment as the stabilizer for the crystal growth. Quantum confinement effects in the optical spectrum and transmission electron micrographs characterized the nanometric dimensions of the occluded phase. In the second approach, a technique known as molecular templating by coordenant solvents was employed in order to obtaining CdS, PbS and ZnS nano(micro)crystals showing unusual morphologies. Single-source precursors were solvothermically treated in such solvents leading to CdS nanowires, PbS microstars and ZnS-ethylenediamine intercalates. In the last approach, colloidal CdSe nanocrystals with different size ranges (2 up to 7 nm) were prepared and employed in the study of the local structure and vibrational dynamics of CdSe as a function of crystal size reduction and substitution of the covering agent used in the synthetic procedure
Doutorado
Quimica Inorganica
Doutor em Ciências
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Liffey, Ryan Michael. "Asymmetric synthesis with sulfur(IV) and sulfur(VI)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49793/.

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This thesis reports findings in two projects utilising sulfur as a chiral auxiliary in asymmetric synthesis. The first section describes the enantioselective synthesis of isomeric harmonine in 8 steps with a 21% overall yield highlighting sulfinimine chemistry to selectively install the necessary chirality at the amine in the C-17 position. Ring closing metathesis was used to install the internal olefin which led to an inseparable mixture of geometric isomers. Further efforts were made towards the selective installation of the desired Z alkene. Two approaches are discussed, the first using alkyne metathesis as a key step with the second using alkenyl silanes in metathesis. The second section provides a discussion on the novel rearrangement of 2-vinylaziridine-2-carboxylates, derived from enantiopure sulfinimines, to unprecedented chiral cyclic sulfoximines. The synthesis of substituted cyclic sulfoximines has been achieved in one pot with high yields and complete stereocontrol. The mild conditions utilised allows access to a plethora of novel sulfoximine containing heterocycles in only three steps from commercially available aldehydes. A mechanistic hypothesis for the key rearrangement step is also proposed. Further functionalisation of these novel compounds provided access to a group of interesting cyclic sulfinamides in one pot using a catalytic amount of Zn(OTf)2. The formal synthesis of trachelanthamidine via the direct transformation a cyclic sulfoximine into a pyrroline is also disclosed, highlighting the use of these novel species in targeted synthesis.
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Walker, Nicholas J. "Nonlinear elastic and electrical behaviour in some (II-VI) and (IV-VI) semiconductors." Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373402.

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Moreira, Wendel Lopes. "Síntese e estabilização de pontos quânticos coloidais de semicondutores II-VI e IV-VI." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277440.

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Orientador: Carlos Lenz Cesar
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica
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Resumo: Não informado
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Física da Matéria Condensada
Mestre em Física
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6

Steczek, Lukasz. "Complexation of actinides Am(III), Th(IV), Pu(IV) and U(VI) with poly-N-dentate ligands SO3-Ph-BTP and SO3-Ph-BTBP." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT238/document.

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La complexation des ions Th(IV), U(VI), Am(III) et Pu(IV) avec le ligand hydrophile SO3-Ph-BTP4- et des ions Th(IV) et Pu(IV) avec le ligand hydrophile SO3-Ph-BTBP4– a été étudiée. Ces nouveaux ligands ont été proposés dans le cadre du recyclage des combustibles nucléaires usés, pour la séparation sélective d’actinides(III) par rapport aux lanthanides(III) et aux produits de fission. L’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier la capacité de ces ligands à complexer les actinides de degré supérieur, soit IV et VI. Après des essais infructueux par spectroscopie directe, la méthode appliquée pour atteindre cet objectif est une étude par extraction liquide-liquide. Le système d'extraction est composé de deux ligands chélatants qui sont en compétition pour complexer les ions actinides: l’extractant tétraoctyldiglycolamide (TODGA), molécule neutre, lipophile, donneur oxygéné tridenté et le complexant anionique hydrophile tridenté (ou tétradenté) SO3-Ph-BT(B)P4–. La méthode consiste à mesurer l’évolution de l’extraction du cation par le TODGA (DM) lors de l’ajout de quantité croissante de complexant en phase aqueuse, tout en fixant une force ionique constante en phase aqueuse. Un modèle mathématique est établi en prenant en compte les équilibres d’extraction et de complexation, il permet d’évaluer la stœchiométrie des complexes formés et leurs constantes de stabilité relatives. Les expériences réalisées ont permis de conclure à la présence des complexes An:SO3-Ph-BTP4– 1:1 et 1:2 pour tous les actinides testés et du complexe 1:1 pour An(IV):SO3-Ph-BTBP4–.Deux séries de constantes conditionnelles de stabilité de ces complexes ont été déterminées dans nos expériences: des constantes de stabilité conditionnelles, αL,i, valables pour une solution 1 M en nitrate et faciles à évaluer et des constantes ßL,i, considérant de manière explicite la complexation des cations par les nitrates, toujours pour une force ionique I = 1 M. En considérant les constantes conditionnelles de stabilité ßL,i, des actinides pour les ligands SO3-Ph-BTP4- et SO3-Ph-BTBP4-, l'ordre suivant est observé: UO22+ < Am3+ < Th4+ < Pu(IV), conformément à l’augmentation du potentiel ionique z/r2, où z est la charge formelle et r est le rayon de l'ion métallique. L'analyse des valeurs ßL,i suggère que les effets électrostatiques jouent un rôle plus important dans la formation des complexes entre les ligands azotés polydentés et les ions actinide.Pour les complexes de Am3+ avec le ligand SO3-Ph-BTP4– tridenté, si on compare nos résultats avec l’étude menée par TRLFS (fluorescence laser à résolution temporelle) pour des complexes analogues de Cm3+, les constantes de stabilité de stoechiométrie 1:1 et 1:2, déterminées par extraction liquide-liquide sont plus faibles. En outre, la stœchiométrie 1:3 décrite pour Cm3+ n'a pas été détectée dans notre étude. Les constantes de stabilité des complexes SO3-Ph-BTP et SO3-Ph-BTBP avec les actinides(IV) n'ont pas été rapportées dans la littérature. Néanmoins les complexes supérieurs n’ont pas été observés: 1:3 avec le ligand tridenté SO3-Ph-BTP4– et 1:2 avec le ligand tétradenté SO3-Ph-BTBP4–. Ces observations surprenantes à priori peuvent provenir du traitement mathématique simplifié des équilibres chimiques et nécessiteraient des vérifications supplémentaires par des techniques permettant d’identifier les complexes en solution. Cependant, les données de partage obtenues ont permis de proposer des constantes de stabilité conditionnelles qui peuvent être exploitées pour modéliser le comportement des actinides (III), (IV) et (VI) dans un procédé de séparation
The complexation of Th(IV), U(VI), Pu(IV) and Am(III) with the hydrophilic ligand SO3-Ph-BTP4–, and of Th(IV) and Pu(IV) with the hydrophilic SO3-Ph-BTBP4– ligand was studied. These new hydrophilic aromatic poly-N-dentate ligands are proposed, in the frame of recycling spent nuclear fuel, for a selective separation of actinides(III) from lanthanides(III) and from other fission products. The aim of this work was to compare the ability of the actinide ions to coordinate these N-dentate molecules. After some disappointing tests with classical spectroscopies, the method of liquid-liquid (solvent) extraction was applied to reach this goal. The extraction system consisted of two chelating ligands that competed for the actinide ions: a lipophilic tri-O-dentate neutral molecule of dioctylamide (TODGA) and a hydrophilic tri(or tetra)-N-dentate anion SO3-Ph-BT(B)P4–. The simple model we applied, well known in literature, considered chemical equilibria resulting in accumulation of the metal complexes with the lipophilic ligand in the organic phase, and those with the hydrophilic ligand – in the aqueous phase. With increasing concentration of the hydrophilic ligand (the concentration of the lipophilic ligand being constant) the equilibrium shifted towards the complexes with the hydrophilic ligand, and the distribution ratio of the metal decreased.The results have been interpreted in terms of the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 actinide complexes with tridentate SO3-Ph-BTP4– and only single 1:1 An(IV) complexes with tetradentate SO3-Ph-BTBP4– ligands in the two-phase systems studied. Two series of conditional stability constants of the complexes have been determined in our experiments: one set of the conditional stability constants, αL,i, related to 1 M nitrate media, whereas the other, βL,i, – to aqueous solutions of ionic strength I = 1 M, where the complexation by nitrates was taken into account. In the latter case, when the effect of the actinide complexation by nitrates was deducted, the conditional stability constants, βL,1, of the actinide complexes with SO3-Ph-BTP4– increase in the order UO22+ < Am3+ < Th4+ < Pu(IV), in accordance with the increasing z/r2 ratio (where z is the formal charge and r is the radius of the metal ion). The analysis of the βL,i values suggests that the electrostatic effects play the major role in the formation of the complexes between the poly-N-dentate ligands and actinides ions.Concerning the complexation of Am3+ with the tri-N-dentate SO3-Ph-BTP4– ligand, if we compare our results with the literature values for the analogous Cm3+ complexes studied by a spectroscopic (TRLFS) technique, the stability constants of 1:1 and 1:2 complexes of Am3+ are much lower, and its 1:3 complex has not been found by the solvent extraction method. The stability constants of the SO3-Ph-BTP and SO3-Ph-BTBP complexes with the actinides(IV) have not been reported yet in literature, therefore such comparison was impossible in this case. However, the expected 1:3 complexes of Pu(IV) and Th(IV) with the SO3-Ph-BTP4– ligand have not been found in our solvent extraction experiments as well. Similarly, only 1:1 Pu and Th complexes with the tetra-N-dentate SO3-Ph-BTBP4– ligand have been found by solvent extraction, in spite of that the 1:2 complexes were also expected. These surprising results could be a result of oversimplification of the used model of extraction, and should be completed by further spectroscopic studies to identify all the complexes formed in the two-phase system studied. Nevertheless, the stability constants determined in the solvent extraction experiments (“practical” stability constants) allow us to correctly describe and to predict the behaviour of metal ions in such two-phase systems
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Blumers, Mathias [Verfasser]. "Thermoelektrische Eigenschaften dünner Schichten und Übergitterstrukturen von IV-VI- und V-VI-Verbundhalbleitern / Mathias Blumers." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1023189968/34.

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Costa, Vânia Aparecida da. "Efeitos termoelétricos em ligas e nanoestruturas de semicondutores IV-VI." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2015. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2015/01.30.11.47.

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Este trabalho apresenta um estudo teórico das propriedades termoelétricas de ligase nanoestruturas de semicondures IV-VI. Estes materiais têm sido muito estudados por possuírem altos valores de figura de mérito e por suas nanoestruturas (superredes, fios e poços quânticos) apresentarem possibilidades na melhora da resposta termoelétrica. Dentre os modelos teóricos desenvolvidos até o momento, pode-se observar que ainda não foi possível modelar quantitativamente os coeficientes mensurados e nem determinar o principal mecanismo responsável pela resposta termoelétrica. Para contribuir nessa área, foram estudados os coeficientes de transporte de ligas \emph{Pb$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$Te}, fios quânticos e super-redes de \emph{PbTe}. Partindo do modelo \emph{k . p}, conhecido como modelo de Dimmock, foi calculada a estrutura de bandas incluindo efeitos de não parabolicidade, anisotropia e múltiplos vales. Os coeficientes de transporte do \emph{bulk} e super-rede foram calculados dentro do formalismo semiclássico que utiliza a solução da equação de Boltzmann na aproximação do tempo de relaxação. No caso do fio quântico, foi utilizado o formalismo de Landauer, onde os coeficientes de transporte são dados em termos da probabilidade de transmissão de elétrons em movimento balístico entre contatos representados por reservatórios em equilíbrio. Com base na análise das variações de temperatura, concentração de portadores, percentual de estanho do \emph{bulk}, geometria e parâmetros das nanoestrururas, foram discutidos os mecanismos para o aumento da eficiência termoelétrica destes materiais. Os resultados indicam que o modelo utilizado para o \emph{bulk} possui um bom acordo com a experiência e que o aumento de estanho em ligas \emph{Pb$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$Te} melhoraos valores de figura de mérito. Um fator de ganho foi introduzido para avaliar a resposta termoelétrica devido à alteração na dimensionalidade e empacotamento de nanoestruturas no interior de um \emph{bulk} 3D finito. Alterações na eficiência termoelétrica de super-redes IV-VI podem ser obtidas explorando a sua anisotropia o que implica em novas possilibidades de aplicação em dispositivos termoelétricos.
This work presents a theoretical study of thermoelectric properties of IV-VI semiconductor alloys and nanostructures. These materials have a been widely studied because they have high figure of merit and their nanostructures (superlattices, quantum wires and quantum wells) are able to improving the thermoelectric response. The theoretical models, developed until now, either have not been able to model quantitatively the measured coefficients and neither to determine the main mechanism responsible for thermoelectric performance. To contribute in this area, the transport coefficients of \emph{Pb$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$Te} alloys, quantum wires and \emph{PbT} e superlattices were studied. From \emph{k . p} model, known as Dimmock model, it was calculated the band structure including non parabolicity, anisotropy and multiple valleys effects. The bulk transport coefficients and superlattice were calculated within the semiclassical formalism which uses the Boltzmann equation solution in the relaxation time approximation. In the quantum wire case, it was used the Landauer formalism, where the transport coefficients are given in terms of the transmission probability of electrons in the ballistic regime, between contacts represented by reservoirs in equilibrium. Based on the analysis of temperature variations, carrier concentration, percentage of tin percentage in bulk, geometry and parameters of nanostructures, were discussed the mechanism to increase the thermoelectric efficiency of these materials. The results indicate that the model used for the bulk has a good agreement with the experiment and the increase of tin in \emph{Pb$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$Te} alloys increase the figures of merit values. A gain factor has been introduced to study the thermoelectric performance due to changes in dimensionality and nanostructures packaging within a finite-3D bulk. Changes in the thermoelectric efficiency of IV -VI superlattices can be obtained exploiting its anisotropy, this implies new possilibidades of application in thermoelectric devices.
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Santos, Osvaldo Joaquim dos. "Etude de mécanisme de transport sur les photodétecteurs IV-VI." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20090.

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Nous avons etudie des dispositifs photodiodes reposant sur des contacts redresseur du type pb/p-pbse. Les couches minces de pbse ont ete elaborees par epitaxie par jets moleculaires (ejm). Cette etude est basee sur la modelisation des processus de conduction du courant a travers la barriere (courant par effet tunnel, generation-recombinaison, diffusion, courant de fuite). Des mesures de caracteristiques i(v) entre 4-300k et c(v) a 77k ont ete realisees. Des resultats experimentaux de capacite presentent une dependance lineaire de c#-#2(v). L'etude des caracteristiques i(v) a mis en evidence qu'a basse temperature le courant par effet tunnel est dominant et alors qu'a la temperature ambiante le courant est limite par la resistance serie du contact (diffusion dans le volume du semiconducteur). Les hauteurs de barrieres determinees a partir de caracteristiques i(v) et c(v) ont permis de mettre en evidence l'existence d'une couche d'inversion a l'interface pb/p-pbse. Nous montrons que la presence d'une couche d'inversion altere considerablement la valeur de la hauteur de barriere
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Brock, Michele. "Eight-membered PNS heterocycles containing S(IV) and S(VI) centers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ31332.pdf.

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Books on the topic "IV-VI"

1

Lapidaria: IV-VI. Warszawa: Biblioteka Gazety Wyborczej, 2008.

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Bopp, Franz. Vergleichende Grammatik IV, V & VI. London: Routledge, 1999.

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Pardo, Jesús. Gradus ad mortem IV-V-VI. Madrid: Huerga y Fierro Editores, 2008.

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Pardo, Jesús. Gradus ad mortem IV-V-VI. Madrid: Huerga y Fierro Editores, 2008.

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Gradus ad mortem IV-V-VI. Madrid: Huerga y Fierro Editores, 2008.

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Gander, Terry. JagdPZ IV, V, VI and Hetzer/Jagdpanzer. Hersham: Ian Allan, 2004.

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Chaneva-Dechevska, Neli. Rannokhristii︠a︡nskata arkhitektura v Bŭlgarii︠a︡, IV-VI v. Sofii︠a︡: Universitetsko izd-vo "Sv. Kliment Okhridski", 1999.

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Chaneva-Dechevska, Neli. Rannokhristii︠a︡nskata arkhitektura v Bŭlgarii︠a︡, IV-VI v. Sofii︠a︡: Universitetsko izd-vo "Sv. Kliment Okhridski", 1999.

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Russia), Kraevedcheskie chtenii͡a (Saratov. Kraevedcheskie chtenii͡a: Doklady i soobshchenii͡a IV-VI chteniĭ. Saratov: Izd-vo Saratovskogo universiteta, 1994.

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Bolgov, Nikolaĭ Nikolaevich. Kulʹturnyĭ kontinuitet v Severnom Prichernomorʹe IV-VI vv. Nizhniĭ Novgorod: Nizhegorodskiĭ un-t, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "IV-VI"

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Cohen, Marvin L., and James R. Chelikowsky. "IV-VI Semiconductors." In Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, 172–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61338-8_11.

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Cohen, Marvin L., and James R. Chelikowsky. "IV–VI Semiconductors." In Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, 172–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97080-1_11.

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Bauer, G., and H. Pascher. "Semimagnetic IV–VI Compound Semiconductors." In Semimagnetic Semiconductors and Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors, 209–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3776-2_9.

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Lambrecht, Armin, Joachim Nurnus, Harald Beyer, and Harald Böttner. "IV-VI and V-VI Materials for Thermoelectric Nanostructures." In Interface Controlled Materials, 68–74. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/352760622x.ch11.

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Merritt, Justin, and David Castro. "IV(iv)6, vi(VI), and iii(III) (6̂ and 3̂ in the Bass)." In Comprehensive Aural Skills, 214–19. Second edition. | New York: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429275814-34.

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Zhang, Qian, Yu Xiao, Li-Dong Zhao, Eyob Chere, Zhifeng Ren, Xiao Zhang, Cheng Chang, and E. M. Levin. "IV–VI Compounds for Medium Temperatures." In Advanced Thermoelectrics, 107–94. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2017] | Series: Series in materials science and engineering: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315153766-4.

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Springholz, G., and G. Bauer. "9.1 IV-VI semiconductors: General properties." In Growth and Structuring, 415–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68357-5_72.

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Springholz, G., and G. Bauer. "9.2.1 Pseudo-binary IV-VI alloys." In Growth and Structuring, 425–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68357-5_74.

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Springholz, G., and G. Bauer. "9.3.5 Growth on IV-VI substrates." In Growth and Structuring, 443–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68357-5_80.

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Anumala, Vivek, Arunkumar Phurailatpam, and Pranabjyoti Sarma. "Schedules (I-IV and VI-VIII)." In Fruits and Vegetables as Nutraceutical, 54–162. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003230885-14.

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Conference papers on the topic "IV-VI"

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Tomashik, V. N., V. I. Grytsiv, Z. F. Tomashik, and O. V. Seritsan. "Interaction of II-VI, III-VI and IV-VI group semiconductors with metals." In Material Science and Material Properties for Infrared Optoelectronics, edited by Fiodor F. Sizov and Vladimir V. Tetyorkin. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.280466.

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Zogg, Hans, A. N. Tiwari, Stefan Blunier, Clau Maissen, and Jiri Masek. "Heteroepitaxy of II-VI and IV-VI semiconductors on Si substrates." In Physical Concepts of Materials for Novel Optoelectronic Device Applications, edited by Manijeh Razeghi. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.24409.

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Koenig, J., A. Jacquot, U. Vetter, H. Boettner, A. Lambrecht, and J. Nurnus. "Thermal characterization of IV-VI superlattice MBE films." In 2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ict.2006.331273.

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Wu, Huizhen, Jianxiao Si, Tianning Xu, and Chunfang Cao. "Progress of IV-VI Semiconductor Research in China." In 2006 Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared Millimeter Waves and 14th International Conference on Teraherz Electronics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimw.2006.368615.

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Fill, M., F. Felder, M. Rahim, A. Khiar, R. Rodriguez, H. Zogg, and A. Ishida. "IV-VI mid-infrared VECSEL on Si-substrate." In SPIE LASE, edited by Anne C. Tropper. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.905643.

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Tacke, Maurus. "Mid infrared IV/VI diode laser output characteristics." In Symposium on Integrated Optoelectronics, edited by Luke J. Mawst and Ramon U. Martinelli. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.382088.

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Sokolov, A. A., D. P. Opra, S. V. Gnedenkov, S. L. Sinebryukhov, E. I. Voit, Y. V. Suschkov, E. B. Modin, S. A. Sarin, V. Y. Mayorov, and V. V. Zheleznov. "Nanostructured anatase TiO2 microtubes doped by Zr(IV), Hf(IV) and Mo(VI)." In ADVANCES IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING: FROM THEORY TO APPLICATIONS: Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IC3E 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4998065.

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Górska, M., L. Kilanski, A. Podgórni, W. Dobrowolski, R. Szymczak, J. R. Anderson, I. V. Fedorchenko, S. F. Marenkin, V. E. Slynko, and E. I. Slynko. "Magnetic properties of clusters in IV-VI and II-IV-V2diluted magnetic semiconductors." In International Symposium on Clusters and Nanomaterials, edited by Puru Jena and Anil K. Kandalam. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2234914.

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Sharma, Neha, Sunanda Sharda, Vineet Sharma, and Pankaj Sharma. "Nonlinear optical properties of IV-V-VI chalcogenide glasses." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 57TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2012. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4791153.

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Lashkarev, George V., and M. V. Radchenko. "Ferromagnetic and ferroelectric phase transitions in IV-VI semiconductors." In Fifth International Conference on Material Science and Material Properties for Infrared Optoelectronics, edited by Fiodor F. Sizov. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.417771.

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Reports on the topic "IV-VI"

1

Szigethy, Geza. Rational Ligand Design for U(VI) and Pu(IV). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/972716.

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Delegard, C. H. Determination of the solubility of Np(IV), Pu(III) - (VI),Am(III) - (VI), and Te(IV), (V) hydroxo compounds in 0.5 - 14 M NaOH solutions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/331672.

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Fedoseev, A. M., N. N. Krot, N. A. Budantseva, A. A. Bessonov, M. V. Nikonov, M. S. Grigoriev, A. Y. Garnov, V. P. Perminov, and L. N. Astafurova. Interaction of Pu(IV,VI) hydroxides/oxides with metal hydroxides/oxides in alkaline media. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/665966.

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Clark, D. L., S. A. Ekberg, D. E. Morris, P. D. Palmer, and C. D. Tait. Actinide(IV) and actinide(VI) carbonate speciation studies by PAS and NMR spectroscopies; Yucca Mountain Project: Milestone report 3031-WBS 1.2.3.4.1.3.1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/145483.

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Ensor, D. D. Solvent extraction of thorium(IV), uranium(VI), and europium(III) with lipophilic alkyl-substituted pyridinium salts. Final report for subcontract 9-XZ2-1123E-1, June 1, 1992--December 1, 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/426966.

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Marcos Morezuelas, Paloma. Gender and Renewable Energy: Wind, Solar, Geothermal and Hydroelectric Energy. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003068.

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This document focuses on how to incorporate a gender perspective in operations that support the construction, operation and maintenance of medium- and large-scale renewable wind, solar, geothermal and hydroelectric energy installations connected to the grid for purposes of power generation. Additionally, there is also a section on rural energy that is applicable to small installations and mini-grids, or to exceptional cases where medium- and large-scale facilities provide electricity to a community. The document (i) identifies the possible gender equality challenges and opportunities as part of the project assessment, (ii) highlights the risks and potentially negative impacts of the project on gender equality, (iii) offers recommendations for addressing, preventing and mitigating challenges and for maximizing opportunities; and (iv) presents examples of programs that have taken into account gender differences or risks. In addition, the document includes (v) key questions for analyzing gender issues in renewable energy projects, and (vi) examples of indicators for the monitoring and evaluation of operations in the renewable energy sector.
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Morrison, Andrew, María Hernández Jurado, and Andrea De la Piedra García. Diversidad 2.0: La tecnología como aliada de las empresas latinoamericanas. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003328.

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Hay evidencia empírica convincente de que las empresas más diversas en términos de raza, etnia y género son más innovadoras, más productivas y generan mayores utilidades. Chile, Colombia, México y Perú cuentan con la diversidad poblacional que les permitiría a sus empresas sacar provecho de las ventajas de la diversidad, pero esta diversidad no se ve reflejada en su fuerza laboral y varios estudios han documentado la discriminación sufrida en procesos de reclutamiento en las empresas privadas de tres de los cuatro países. Las tecnologías utilizadas en países desarrollados para la promoción de la diversidad parecen están entrando en una fase de madurez o declive donde ya no están generando un cambio significativo para lograr mayor inclusión y diversidad en las empresas. Por lo tanto, existe un imperativo de innovar e introducir nuevas tecnologías, para pasar a una versión 2.0 de la promoción de la diversidad. En este trabajo se hace un mapeo, a través de casos y ejemplos, de las oportunidades que ofrece la tecnología para promover la diversidad en las empresas en tres momentos de la gestión de recursos humanos: reclutamiento y selección de personal, desarrollo profesional y retención de talento y cultura organizacional. A partir de esta investigación, se concluye que las nuevas tecnologías presentan oportunidades importantes para promover la diversidad en las empresas latinoamericanas. Al mismo tiempo, no podemos dejar de lado que el uso de la tecnología presenta también riesgos éticos, sobre todo en el sentido de replicar los estereotipos y sesgos que existen en nuestras sociedades. El balance, sin embargo, es positivo. Las nuevas tecnologías tienen gran potencial para: (i) facilitar el reclutamiento de una fuerza laboral más diversa; (ii) generar datos e indicadores para visibilizar y hacer seguimiento de las brechas por género, raza y etnia en las empresas; (iii) identificar micromachismos, microagresiones y sesgos en el lenguaje, actitudes y comportamientos y ayudar a evitarlos; (iv) minimizar el impacto de los sesgos conscientes e inconscientes en los diferentes procesos de gestión de talento; (v) construir nuevos canales para medir percepciones y amplificar la voz de grupos minoritarios; y (vi) ofrecer nuevas metodologías de formación y sensibilización más efectivas que los métodos tradicionales.
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Bedford, Philip, Alexis Long, Thomas Long, Erin Milliken, Lauren Thomas, and Alexis Yelvington. Legal Mechanisms for Mitigating Flood Impacts in Texas Coastal Communities. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.mitigatingfloodimpactstx.

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Flooding is a major source of concern for Texas’ coastal communities. It affects the quality of infrastructure, the lives of citizens, and the ecological systems upon which coastal communities in Texas rely. To plan for and mitigate the impacts of flooding, Texas coastal communities may implement land use tools such as zoning, drainage utility systems, eminent domain, exactions, and easements. Additionally, these communities can benefit from understanding how flooding affects water quality and the tools available to restore water bodies to healthy water quality levels. Finally, implementing additional programs for education and ecotourism will help citizens develop knowledge of the impacts of flooding and ways to plan and mitigate for coastal flooding. Land use tools can help communities plan for and mitigate flooding. Section III addresses zoning, a land use tool that most municipalities already utilize to organize development. Zoning can help mitigate flooding, drainage, and water quality issues, which, Texas coastal communities continually battle. Section IV discusses municipal drainage utility systems, which are a mechanism available to municipalities to generate dedicated funds that can help offset costs associated with providing stormwater management. Section V addresses land use and revenue-building tools such as easements, eminent domain, and exactions, which are vital for maintaining existing and new developments in Texas coastal communities. Additionally, Section VI addresses conservation easements, which are a flexible tool that can enhance community resilience through increasing purchase power, establishing protected legal rights, and minimizing hazardous flood impacts. Maintaining good water quality is important for sustaining the diverse ecosystems located within and around Texas coastal communities. Water quality is regulated at the federal level through the Clean Water Act. As discussed in Section VII, the state of Texas is authorized to implement and enforce these regulations by implementing point source and nonpoint source pollutants programs, issuing permits, implementing stormwater discharge programs, collecting water quality data, and setting water quality standards. The state of Texas also assists local communities with implementing restorative programs, such as Watershed Protection Programs, to help local stakeholders restore impaired water bodies. Section VIII addresses ecotourism and how these distinct economic initiatives can help highlight the importance of ecosystem services to local communities. Section VIX discusses the role of education in improving awareness within the community and among visitors, and how making conscious decisions can allow coastal communities to protect their ecosystem and protect against flooding.
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Coulson, Saskia, Melanie Woods, Drew Hemment, and Michelle Scott. Report and Assessment of Impact and Policy Outcomes Using Community Level Indicators: H2020 Making Sense Report. University of Dundee, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001192.

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Making Sense is a European Commission H2020 funded project which aims at supporting participatory sensing initiatives that address environmental challenges in areas such as noise and air pollution. The development of Making Sense was informed by previous research on a crowdfunded open source platform for environmental sensing, SmartCitizen.me, developed at the Fab Lab Barcelona. Insights from this research identified several deterrents for a wider uptake of participatory sensing initiatives due to social and technical matters. For example, the participants struggled with the lack of social interactions, a lack of consensus and shared purpose amongst the group, and a limited understanding of the relevance the data had in their daily lives (Balestrini et al., 2014; Balestrini et al., 2015). As such, Making Sense seeks to explore if open source hardware, open source software and and open design can be used to enhance data literacy and maker practices in participatory sensing. Further to this, Making Sense tests methodologies aimed at empowering individuals and communities through developing a greater understanding of their environments and by supporting a culture of grassroot initiatives for action and change. To do this, Making Sense identified a need to underpin sensing with community building activities and develop strategies to inform and enable those participating in data collection with appropriate tools and skills. As Fetterman, Kaftarian and Wanderman (1996) state, citizens are empowered when they understand evaluation and connect it in a way that it has relevance to their lives. Therefore, this report examines the role that these activities have in participatory sensing. Specifically, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in using the concept of Community Level Indicators (CLIs), which are measurable and objective sources of information gathered to complement sensor data. We describe how CLIs are used to develop a more indepth understanding of the environmental problem at hand, and to record, monitor and evaluate the progress of change during initiatives. We propose that CLIs provide one way to move participatory sensing beyond a primarily technological practice and towards a social and environmental practice. This is achieved through an increased focus in the participants’ interests and concerns, and with an emphasis on collective problem solving and action. We position our claims against the following four challenge areas in participatory sensing: 1) generating and communicating information and understanding (c.f. Loreto, 2017), 2) analysing and finding relevance in data (c.f. Becker et al., 2013), 3) building community around participatory sensing (c.f. Fraser et al., 2005), and 4) achieving or monitoring change and impact (c.f. Cheadle et al., 2000). We discuss how the use of CLIs can tend to these challenges. Furthermore, we report and assess six ways in which CLIs can address these challenges and thereby support participatory sensing initiatives: i. Accountability ii. Community assessment iii. Short-term evaluation iv. Long-term evaluation v. Policy change vi. Capability The report then returns to the challenge areas and reflects on the learnings and recommendations that are gleaned from three Making Sense case studies. Afterwhich, there is an exposition of approaches and tools developed by Making Sense for the purposes of advancing participatory sensing in this way. Lastly, the authors speak to some of the policy outcomes that have been realised as a result of this research.
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Informe de gestión 2017-2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-gest.a17-20.

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Este documento reseña la gestión del Banco de la República entre 2017 y 2020, un período durante el cual el Banco logró consolidar una inflación baja y estable, con tasas de crecimiento cada vez más cercanas al potencial. A partir de marzo de 2020 se adoptaron políticas novedosas que lograron evitar una crisis profunda en medio de la pandemia del Coronavirus, un choque de enormes dimensiones para la humanidad. De otra parte, se tomaron medidas importantes tendientes a fortalecer la Administración del Banco, con un mayor control de los recursos financieros destinados a los distintos objetivos del Plan de Desarrollo. El Banco continúa siendo la institución estatal independiente que genera mayor confianza entre los colombianos por su transparencia, su ajuste a exigentes metas de resultados macroeconómicos y empresariales, y por el cumplimiento efectivo de las funciones de banca central y culturales encomendadas por la Constitución y la ley. RESUMEN EJECUTIVO La economía colombiana enfrentó en los últimos cuatro años algunos de los eventos que mayor impacto han tenido sobre su desempeño en más de un siglo. El precio internacional del petróleo cayó a menos de la tercera parte entre junio de 2014 y enero de 2016 y, nuevamente, entre septiembre de 2018 y abril de 2020; se presentaron frecuentes choques en el precio local de los alimentos, y la pandemia reciente ocasionó uno de los mayores desastres que ha padecido la humanidad en su historia. El Banco de la República (Banrep), sus directivos y empleados tuvieron que responder rápidamente a las nuevas circunstancias, un proceso que ha implicado grandes cambios en la forma como se han ejecutado y cumplido las funciones de la banca central y las del área cultural a cargo de la organización. De otra parte, el Plan Estratégico 2017-2021 sentó las bases para el nuevo programa de modernización del Banco, y en el presente Informe de gestión 2017-2020 se describen y analizan los retos enfrentados en el período y la forma en que se adaptó y modernizó la institución para hacerles frente. También se mencionan los principales desafíos que se avizoran hacia el futuro, con el fin de contribuir al diseño de los planes de la administración entrante. En este Resumen ejecutivo se presenta una síntesis del documento completo. En la sección II se hace un recuento de la situación económica de Colombia y el mundo en el cuatrienio reciente, y las medidas de política adoptadas por la Junta Directiva del Banco de la República (JDBR) para mantener la inflación baja y estable y contribuir a la recuperación del crecimiento de la economía. En la sección III se registran los avances y logros en los temas estratégicos del Plan Estratégico 2017-2021. En particular, se mencionan la política monetaria y de estabilidad financiera, la política cambiaria, la política de pagos, y otros temas relacionados con la eficiencia y eficacia en el Plan. La sección IV está dedicada a la gestión cultural, y en la sección V se describe la evolución de los temas de apoyo táctico para el logro de los objetivos del Plan: capital humano y cultura organizacional, tecnología e infraestructura; se incluye, además, un resumen de los avances en materia ambiental. En la sección VI se presentan los principales elementos de la respuesta del Banco ante la emergencia sanitaria del COVID-19. En la sección VII se describe el manejo de las reservas internacionales y se analizan el presupuesto y las utilidades del Banco. En la sección VIII se enuncian algunos desafíos futuros.
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