Journal articles: 'Iws'

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Ignacio, Malenab, Pausta, Beltran, Belo, Tanhueco, Promentilla, and Orbecido. "A Perception Study of an Integrated Water System Project in a Water Scarce Community in the Philippines." Water 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081593.

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The Integrated Water System (IWS) offers alternative water and sanitation services that can potentially benefit rural communities experiencing water scarcity. The IWS described in this study comprises three systems: The Rainwater Harvesting System (RWHS), Water Treatment System (WTS), and Eco-Toilet System (ETS). RWHS and WTS make use of rainwater, which can be utilized for several domestic uses, especially during wet season. ETS has several benefits to users including promotion of environmental and public health, as well as food security. Despite the potential benefits of the IWS components, the perceived acceptance of its users threatens the success of its implementation. This study focuses on determining the significant factors that can influence the social acceptance of IWS in the Municipality of Mulanay, Quezon Province, Philippines. This study considers behavioral intention as an indicator of social acceptance of the IWS components. The framework of this study is based on the combined technology acceptance model and theory of planned behavior (C-TAM-TPB) concept. C-TAM-TPB was analyzed using Partial Least Square–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS–SEM). The result of the C-TAM-TPB evaluation reveals that the user’s attitude towards use (ATU), including its significant predictors, can promote behavioral intention towards use of the IWS components. This study can further improve the development of IWS projects.

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Kudryavtsev, V. N. "The coupling of wind and internal waves: modulation and friction mechanisms." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 278 (November 10, 1994): 33–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112094003605.

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The interaction between internal waves (IW) and wind waves (WW) is studied. Three types of interaction are considered: spontaneous IW generation by a random field of WWs, and two feedback mechanisms - modulation and friction.The latter mechanism has not been studied before. Its influence on the IW-WW coupling is of primary importance. The modulation and friction mechanisms result in exponential attenuation of the IWs. Attenuation of IWs propagating against wind is the strongest. The IW attenuation has a dimensionless decrement of order 10-3, whereas for storm winds it attains the value of 10-2. Joint action of the spontaneous generation of IWs and their attenuation due to feedback mechanisms permits a stationary ‘wind-IW’ spectrum to exist. For strong winds the ‘wind-IW’ energy is of order 105 erg cm-2. The effect of IWs on currents in the ocean's upper layer is considered. Momentum and energy lost by IWs due to their interaction with WWs generates inertial oscillations. Under the attenuation of intensive IWs, the amplitude of inertial oscillations may be compared with the background Ekman current.

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BROOKS, PATRICIA J., and BRIAN MACWHINNEY. "Phonological priming in children's picture naming." Journal of Child Language 27, no. 2 (June 2000): 335–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900004141.

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Two experiments examined phonological priming in children and adults, using a cross-modal picture-word interference task. Pictures of familiar objects were presented on a computer screen, while interfering words (IWs) were presented over headphones. In terms of their relation to target pictures, IWs were either phonologically related, unrelated, neutral (the word go), or identical. Ninety children (30 aged 4;11 to 5;11, 30 aged 6;11 to 7;11, and 30 aged 9;5 to 11;9) and 30 adults were instructed to name the pictures as quickly as possible while ignoring the IWs. In Experiment 1, related IWs shared onset consonants with the names of the pictures. Across ages, participants named pictures faster with related IWs than with unrelated IWs. In Experiment 2, related IWs rhymed with the targets. Here, only the youngest children (five to seven-year-olds) named pictures faster with related IWs than with unrelated IWs. The results indicate that priming effects reach a peak during a time when articulatory information is being consolidated in the output phonological buffer. The disappearance of the rhyme priming effect with age may reflect the gradual emergence of the onset as an organizing structure in speech production. This increased prominence of the onset can be viewed as one component of a just-in-time, incrementalist approach to speech production that allows adults to speak more fluently than children.

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Rüsch, Nicolas, Nathalie Oexle, Lea Reichhardt, and Stephanie Ventling. "In Würde zu sich stehen – Konzept und Wirksamkeit eines peer-geleiteten Programms zu Offenlegung und Stigmabewältigung." Psychiatrische Praxis 46, no. 02 (December 3, 2018): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0800-3695.

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen stehen aufgrund verbreiteter Stigmatisierung oft vor der schwierigen Entscheidung, ob sie ihre Erkrankung anderen gegenüber offenlegen sollen. Methode Konzept und Inhalte von ‚In Würde zu sich stehen‘ (IWS), einem kompakten peer-geleiteten Gruppenprogramm, werden beschrieben. Ergebnisse IWS unterstützt Teilnehmer mit psychischen Erkrankungen bei Offenlegungsentscheidungen und Stigmabewältigung. Drei RCTs zeigen positive Effekte von IWS. Schlussfolgerungen Fragen der Wirksamkeit, Implementierung und Weiterentwicklung von IWS werden diskutiert.

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Li, Hongxing, Alasdair Cohen, Zheng Li, Shibo Lv, Zuan He, Li Wang, and Xinyi Zhang. "Intermittent Water Supply Management, Household Adaptation, and Drinking Water Quality: A Comparative Study in Two Chinese Provinces." Water 12, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051361.

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Intermittent water supply (IWS) is a relatively common phenomenon across the world as well as in rural and peri-urban areas across China, though there has been little IWS-focused research from China published to date. IWS consumers typically adopt a range of strategies to cope with insufficient water supply, poor drinking water quality, and associated inconveniences. In this study, we collected a range of data from small-scale utilities and households in two IWS systems and two continuous water supply (CWS) systems, as well as from comparison groups, in Shandong and Hubei provinces. Data collection included water quality testing, interviews, and surveys on behavioral adaptations, coping strategies, water-related health perceptions, and other metrics of consumer satisfaction. Overall, we found that the IWS coping strategies employed in northern China (Shandong) were associated with generally safe, but inconvenient, water access, whereas adaptation strategies observed in southern China (Hubei) appeared to improve convenience, but not water quality. Compared to the CWS comparison groups, we did not observe significant differences in water- and sanitation-related behaviors in the IWS groups, suggesting interventions to increase adaptive and protective behaviors at the household level might further improve safe water access for households living with IWS. Overall, although the water supply infrastructure in these study areas appeared to be in relatively good condition, in contrast to reported data on IWS systems in other countries, we observed multiple risk factors associated with the water treatment and distribution processes in these IWS systems. Among policy recommendations, our results suggest that the implementation of Water Safety Plans in China would likely improve the management of drinking water treatment and, by extension, safe drinking water supply under conditions of IWS.

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Farmani, R., Joe Dalton, Bambos Charalambous, Elizabeth Lawson, Sarah Bunney, and Sarah Cotterill. "Intermittent water supply systems and their resilience to COVID-19: IWA IWS SG survey." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 70, no. 4 (April 29, 2021): 507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2021.009.

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Abstract There is limited information about the current state of intermittent water supply (IWS) systems at the global level. A survey was carried out by the Intermittent Water Supply Specialist Group of the International Water Association (IWA IWS SG) to better understand the current state of these systems and challenges that water companies may have faced under COVID-19 pandemic and to capture successful management strategies applied by water utilities. The survey consisted of three parts: (1) general information about IWS systems, (2) current state of IWS and (3) resilience of IWS under COVID-19 conditions, as well as some questions about potential interventions in order to improve system performance in general and under future uncertain conditions. The survey responses were evaluated based on the Safe & SuRe resilience framework, assessing measures of mitigation, adaptation, coping and learning, and exploring organisational and operational responses of IWS utilities. Infrastructure capacity and water resources availability were identified as the main causes of intermittency in most water distribution systems, while intermittent electricity was considered as the main external cause. Participants indicated that some risk assessment process was in place; however, COVID-19 has surpassed any provisions made to address the risks. Lessons learnt highlighted the importance of financial resources, e-infrastructure for efficient system operation and communication with consumers, and the critical role of international knowledge transfer and the sharing of best practice guidelines for improving resilience and transitioning towards continuous water supply.

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Cuadrado, Elizabeth M., and Christine M. Weber-Fox. "Atypical Syntactic Processing in Individuals Who Stutter." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46, no. 4 (August 2003): 960–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2003/075).

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Syntactic processing was explored in individuals who stutter (IWS). Grammatic-ality judgments and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were obtained while participants read sentences, half containing verb-agreement violations. Gram-maticality judgments for an offline verb-agreement task did not differ between IWS and normal speakers (NS). However, judgment accuracy of IWS for the online task was lower than that of NS, particularly for verb-agreement violations that occurred in longer and more syntactically complex sentences. Further, while NS exhibited a classic P600 ERP response to verb-agreement violations, the P600s of IWS were reduced in amplitude and distribution. The behavioral and ERP results are consistent with the hypothesis that underlying mechanisms mediating language processing, including those related to postlexical syntactic reanalysis, may operate atypically in IWS even in the absence of speech production demands.

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Kramer, Robin, Addie Johnson, and Melcher P. Zeilstra. "The Integrated Workload Scale – Translation and validation of a subjective workload scale." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 231, no. 10 (December 20, 2016): 1123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409716683857.

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The Integrated Workload Scale (IWS) is a scale for the assessment of subjective workload in real-time that was specifically designed for use with train traffic controllers. The IWS has nine anchor points that describe the degree of workload – ranging from ‘not demanding’ to ‘work too demanding’ – and captures the multi-dimensionality of workload by incorporating items that reflect time, demand and effort. In this paper, we describe how we translated the IWS into Dutch and subsequently validated the translation by having English-language students, Dutch students and Dutch train traffic controllers rate the individual items of the IWS according to the amount of workload each item conveyed, on a scale ranging from 0 (‘no workload at all’) to 150 (‘complete overload’). A comparison between the ratings of the English and Dutch items showed no significant differences, suggesting that the English and Dutch versions of the IWS are perceived similarly. Moreover, a comparison between the Dutch students and train traffic controllers also showed no apparent differences in the items' ratings. Regression analyses showed a strong linear component reflecting that the items were roughly equidistant on the rating scale. In a final analysis, alternate translations were tested as possible substitutes for some of the original items, but were not considered to substantially improve the scale. In sum, the similarity of the Dutch IWS to the original IWS, as well as the fact that train traffic controllers and students gave similar ratings on the Dutch IWS, suggest that it is a robust and reliable tool for subjective workload assessment across different populations and that it can be reliably translated to other languages.

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Mohammadi, Ali, Mohammadreza Jalili-Ghazizadeh, Iman Moslehi, and Ehsan Yousefi-Khoshqalb. "Survival analysis of water distribution network under intermittent water supply conditions." Water Supply 20, no. 8 (September 21, 2020): 3531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.228.

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Abstract Intermittent water supply (IWS) is established temporarily or continuously in many water distribution networks (WDNs) worldwide due to prolonged drought, low rainfall periods, water scarcity and high level of leakage. IWS causes several adverse consequences on the network operation, resulting in ineffective supply and demand management. This paper presents a survival analysis of the network elements, including water mains, service connections, and valves using the Kaplan-Meier approach to determine the survival probability and the probability of failure rates of events of interest. The objective is to explore the changes in failure rates of network elements after implementing an IWS scheme. The non-parametric survival method is applied to the large zone (Zone-5) of the WDN in Tehran (Iran) based on the frequency of failures before, during, and after the implementation of an IWS regime. The results show that the probability of failure rates significantly increase after implementing the IWS scheme, and can remain for several years after, even when the network returns to continuous water supply (CWS). The results of this study can assist utility managers to understand the detrimental effects of IWS systems on increasing failure rates.

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Mouapi, Alex, Nadir Hakem, and Nahi Kandil. "Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Prediction and Efficient Management for Industrial Wireless Sensor." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 8486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238486.

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The vibrations, due to their abundance in most industrial processes, constitute an attractive solution for the power supply of Industrial Wireless Sensor (IWS). However, the amount of energy that can be harvested presents numerous fluctuations due to the engines’ different operating modes (overload, full load, or even operation without charge). Most designs do not incorporate this fluctuation in the definition of the specifications of the autonomous IWS. This paper then presents a design method to ensure the node’s energy autonomy while maximizing its Quality of Service (QoS). To precisely define the specifications of the IWS, vibration measurements were carried out at its location for one month. The recorded data was used to propose a new Predictor of the Harvestable Energy from Vibrations (PHEV). A comparative evaluation of the proposed PHEV performances with a state-of-the-art predictor is carried out. The results obtained show that the PHEV makes it possible to minimize the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) from 28.63 mW to 19.52 mW. A model of energy dissipation in IWS, considering the Internet of Things’ requirements, was established. The model is based on Long-Range (LoRa)/Long-Range Communication Wide Area Network (LoRaWan). The amount of data transmitted is then maximized according to the expected energy harvest rate by setting up a Maximization Data Size Protocol (MDSP). The proposed method makes it possible to ensure an acceptable QoS without resorting to reconfigurable circuits, which are sometimes bulky for miniature devices such as the IWS.

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Kim, Hyuna, Young Baek Son, and Young-Heon Jo. "Hourly Observed Internal Waves by Geostationary Ocean Color Imagery in the East/Japan Sea." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 35, no. 3 (March 2018): 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-17-0049.1.

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AbstractAs internal waves (IWs) are generated via internal tidal energy near the bottom shelf break of the Korea Strait, continuous evolutions of IWs are extremely difficult to observe using satellite observations. However, the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) has enabled the detection of IWs in the East/Japan Sea (EJS) on an hourly basis to investigate their propagation behavior. For an extended IW analysis, a total of seven packets were identified using GOCI chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) measurements around the Ulleung Basin and Dok Island in the EJS. The results demonstrate that the IW locations had lower Chl-a values than non-IW-affected regions on 10, 11, 13, and 14 August 2013. The lower Chl-a values are due to the significant wave heights of the IWs, which cause surface water masses to be dispersed. In addition, from the continuous trajectories of the waves in the hourly GOCI Chl-a imagery, quantitative physical parameters of the IWs, such as their pathway (northeasterly), phase speed (1.46–1.61 m s−1), amplitude (20.62–26.76 m), and period (12.29 h), could be obtained. Therefore, the advantage of using GOCI is the ability to detect and analyze the physical characteristics of IWs on an hourly time scale.

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Gist, Thomas E., Marilyn K. McQuade, Richard E. Swanson, Gary L. Lorenzen, Stephen R. Schmidt, James R. Boudot, and Robert G. Fuller. "The Air Force Academy Instructor Workstation (IWS): II. Effectiveness." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 17, no. 4 (June 1989): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/5gbn-0bvn-kk53-futn.

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This article discusses the results of measuring the in-class effectiveness of a computer controlled instructor workstation (IWS). The IWS was used in an introductory calculus-based physics course. It provided computer control of the presentation of videodisc scenes in support of the lecture. We found no significant difference in the performance of the students, but did see a significant improvement in their attitude. Instructor reaction was generally favorable. We also discuss the pedagogy used in developing the lessons, and the design of the evaluation.

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Abraham, Ema M., and Owens M. Alile. "Modelling subsurface geologic structures at the Ikogosi geothermal field, southwestern Nigeria, using gravity, magnetics and seismic interferometry techniques." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 16, no. 4 (July 12, 2019): 729–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxz034.

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Abstract We present results and a technique for imaging the subsurface structures of a geothermal field with particular focus on the Ikogosi geothermal field in Nigeria. The intent was to provide an understanding of the subsurface structural setup in the region and assess its viability for further geothermal resources exploitation. High-resolution aeromagnetic and gravity data were used for the study. A constrained 2D forward modelling technique was applied to these datasets to map the shape and corresponding depths of geologic structures in the region. This study has gone deeper to ascertain the basement structure and configurations and how it influences the heat source of the Ikogosi Warm Spring (IWS) region. The dominant host quartzite rock unit at the IWS location reaches average depths of 2.5–3.0 km and is located directly on an intruded high-density geologic formation in the subsurface. Fault structures traversing the IWS source have also been uncovered. We infer that these structural setups are central to the geothermal system of the IWS. Valid reflection responses from the profile model have been retrieved from randomly induced noise sources, using a passive seismic interferometry technique. Pre-stack depth migration of the reflected responses suitably imaged the reflectors within the subsurface of the IWS region, tracing fault boundaries and delineating intruded geological structures. This has provided pre-survey insights into the subsurface seismic imagery of the region. Results derived from this study could assist informed decision making regarding geothermal exploration and exploitation in the region.

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Weber-Fox, Christine. "Neural Systems for Sentence Processing in Stuttering." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44, no. 4 (August 2001): 814–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2001/064).

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The role of neurolinguistic factors in stuttering was investigated by determining whether individuals who stutter display atypical neural functions for language processing, even with no speech production demands. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were obtained while 9 individuals who stutter (IWS) and 9 normally fluent speakers (NS) read sentences silently. The ERPs were elicited by: (a) closed-class words that provide structural or grammatical information, (b) open-class words that convey referential meaning, and (c) semantic anomalies (violations in semantic expectation). In standardized tests, adult IWS displayed similar grammatical and lexical abilities in both comprehension and production tasks compared to their matched, normally fluent peers. Yet the ERPs elicited in IWS for linguistic processing tasks revealed differences in functional brain organization. The ERPs elicited in IWS were characterized by reduced negative amplitudes for closed-class words (N280), open-class words (N350), and semantic anomalies (N400) in a temporal window of approximately 200–450 ms after word onsets. The overall pattern of results indicates that alterations in processing for IWS are related to neural functions that are common to word classes and perhaps involve shared, underlying processes for lexical access.

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Bello, Y. A., K. M. Lawal, B. B. M. Dewu, and A. E. Ikpokonte. "LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE INVESTIGATION AROUND IKOGOSI WARM SPRING NIGERIA USING LANDSAT8 DATA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 2 (July 6, 2021): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0502-583.

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Ikogosi warm spring (IWS) is among the most visited geothermal resource by tourists in Nigeria. On that basis, it has attracted so much attention from researchers using various geophysical methods, except the retrieval of the land surface temperature (LST) from remote sensing data. This work aimed at computing LST to delineate hot zone around Ikogosi geothermal resources. The split-window approach was used to compute the LST from Landsat 8 data. The interpretation of Landsat8 data revealed that the central region of the study area is of high LST, and the temperature then drops towards the southwest direction. The result also shows that the warm spring is situated around a region with high land surface temperature (about 29 °C) which is an indication of a geothermal reservoir. The supervised classification of the LST yields two zones of the high density of pixels with high temperature, hot spot zones. The hot spot zone west of IWS is believed to be the heat source of IWS as it has high LST, and it is closer to IWS while the hot spot zone NW of IWS shows an indication of a viable geothermal resource, high LST

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Zhou, Tie, and Yong Yang. "Intelligent Wheelchair System Based on Collaborative Kansei Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1793.

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Intelligent wheelchair system (IWS) is a potential selection for the elderly and disabled people to improve and enhance the quality of their daily lives and work. Based on the theory of collaborative Kansei engineering, a new intelligent wheelchair system has been developed. The system integrates the advanced Kansei characteristics of human such as affections, feelings, emotions, etc, to the wheelchair system. This new IWS is very comprehensive, creative and humanized. Modern wheelchair with the IWS helps to add recognition, understanding, and cooperative communications between the elderly and disabled people and the wheelchair system.

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Et al., Ruzimurot Kungratovich Choriev. "Content Characteristics of Independent Work of Students (IWS): Modern Conditions and Problems." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 1289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2272.

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The article discusses the problem of organizing independent work under the guidance of a teacher, which can be considered effective only if the educational process is organized as a holistic system in each classroom and in extracurricular activities of students. However, these types of work can be partially interconnected with each other, and several types of classroom training on credit training technology have different goals, each of which has its own goal and is an ideal opportunity to perform the above training tasks. The work of independent students under the guidance of a teacher (IWS) focuses on classroom activities. At the same time, the analysis of normative documents and scientific and methodological literature, the description (IWS) are presented in the same sense in different sources, but nevertheless the main aspects of this concept are defined, and (IWS) is a joint training of students and teachers . type of activity (type of training), which is one of the aspects of ensuring the individual work of the student based on the installation, configuration and control of the teacher.

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Mehta, Bhoomi K., Jigar Raval, Abha Maheshwari, Rahul Laad, Gurlovleen Singh, and Haresh Pathak. "Significance of ITER IWS Material Selection and Qualification." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 823 (April 19, 2017): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/823/1/012030.

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Harding, Priscilla. "Beveridge's conception of welfare capitalism: DWS or IWS?" Journal of International and Comparative Social Welfare 3, no. 1-2 (January 1987): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17486838708415615.

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Zangaro, George A., and Karen L. Soeken. "Meta-Analysis of the Reliability and Validity of Part B of the Index of Work Satisfaction Across Studies." Journal of Nursing Measurement 13, no. 1 (January 2005): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jnum.2005.13.1.7.

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Nurses’ job satisfaction is a crucial factor in health care organizations. This study uses meta-analysis for reliability generalization and synthesis of construct validity of Part B of the Index of Work Satisfaction (IWS), a measure of job satisfaction. Meta-analysis was performed including assessments of study quality and descriptive coding of studies. Rater reliability was assessed for all coding and extraction of data. The mean reliability of Part B scores of the IWS based on 14 studies was .78 (df = 13, p < .05). The mean score reliability was .77 for university settings, .73 for community/acute care hospitals, .77 for multi-site studies, and .90 for other settings. For studies rated high and low quality, the mean score reliability was .77 and .83, respectively. Scores on Part B of the IWS correlated −.38 with turnover intent, .60 with organizational commitment, and −.53 with job stress. Scores on Part B of the IWS are reliable for measuring job satisfaction of nurses across samples. Construct validity needs additional testing.

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Rychtecká, Petra, and Jaromíra Dreslerová. "Important Woody Species in Poodří Floodplains (Czech Republic)." Journal of Landscape Ecology 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10285-012-0014-3.

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Important Woody Species in Poodří Floodplains (Czech Republic) The aim of this paper is to describe the species biodiversity of important woody species in the riparian zone of wide floodplains in the Protected Landscape Area (PLA) Poodří (Central Europe, Czech Republic). The analysis of growth in terms of particular species was carried out to find out their growth potential. Another task was to evaluate the diversity and health condition of all trees and to determine the occurrence frequency of important woody species (IWS) in particular geobiocoene type groups of wide alluvial plains. The tree classification pyramid (veteran-representative-successor-expectant) was built up to provide the sufficient number of diverse IWS in the area. In total, 3,419 IWS were mapped in the whole area of the PLA Poodří (81.5 km2). In wide alluvial plains, the Ulmi-fraxineta carpini sup. geobiocoene type group (GTG) shows the highest diversity. According to the surveys carried out in the area under investigation it is evident that there are a lot of IWS here deserving protection and the proposal of the appropriate management, which should be represented by the pyramid mentioned above. The pyramid would provide protection and care for the registered trees to reach a respectable age and maximum dimensions. It is necessary to preserve the species spectrum of the IWS to maintain the gene pool of initial populations and biodiversity in landscape. Some species exceed growth parameters of the same species at other floodplain sites in the Czech Republic and even in Europe.

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Halicki, Wojciech, and Katarzyna Kita. "Removal of Organic Compounds Using Improved Wetland Systems for Wastewater Reuse As an Example of Local Sustainable Water Management." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 5, no. 2 (November 25, 2016): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v5i2.10357.

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This paper discusses the efficiency of the removal of organic compounds using Improved Wetland System (IWS). IWS is used in Poland and enables reuse of treated effluent in landscape irrigation and toilet flushing. The first section of this paper discusses the advisability of removing organic compounds at the highest level. Additionally, the first section discusses the increase in frequency of treated wastewater reuse. So far, reuse of treated wastewater in local wastewater treatment systems included treatment and reuse of graywater only. The second section of this paper presents the average concentrations of organic compounds in domestic wastewater and the relationship existing between concentration of organic compounds in raw wastewater and water consumption. The second section discusses requirements for local (to 2000 population equivalent) wastewater treatment systems relating to reduction of organic compounds. The third section presents the current situation in rural areas in Poland and indicates the necessity of treated wastewater reuse mainly in these places. In Poland 43 % of the overall population occupies rural areas and about 70 % of them are not connected to a wastewater network. Implementation of water reuse technology (mainly IWS) is the easiest and the cheapest in rural areas. The fourth section presents the principle and the construction of the Improved Wetland System with water reuse. This part shows defects of Constructed Wetlands hindering reuse of treated wastewater. Additionally, this section discusses different steps and efficiency of wastewater treatment. The fifth section discusses results of removing organic compounds depending on hydraulic and contaminant loads. In addition, this section presents guidance on designing the IWS with technology that enables water reuse for flushing toilets and landscape irrigation. The last part of this paper discusses the summary and economic aspects of IWS used in Poland. In addition, the last part shows existing IWS objects in Poland which provides water reuse to flushing toilets, landscape irrigation and for retention and recreational uses.

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Rüsch, Nicolas, Luise Nehf, Julia Djamali, Nadine Mulfinger, and Sabine Müller. "In Würde zu sich stehen – Ein peer-geleitetes Gruppenprogramm für Jugendliche mit psychischen Erkrankungen." Nervenheilkunde 38, no. 01 (February 2019): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0813-9493.

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ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAngesichts in der Gesellschaft verbreiteter stigmatisierender Einstellungen kämpfen Jugendliche mit psychischen Erkrankungen häufig mit der Entscheidung, ob sie Anderen von ihrer Erkrankung berichten sollen. Die Entscheidung für oder gegen Offenlegung stellt dabei oft eine Schlüsselreaktion im Umgang mit Stigmatisierung dar. Offenlegung und Geheimhaltung können Vor- und Nachteile haben, je nach Kontext und Person. ,In Würde zu sich stehen‘ (IWS) ist ein peer-geleitetes Gruppenprogramm, um Jugendliche bei solchen Offenlegungsentscheidungen zu unterstützen. Hier werden Grundlagen, Ansatz, Aufbau, Inhalt und Daten zu Wirksamkeit sowie Erfahrungen mit IWS für Jugendliche vorgestellt. Eine randomisiert-kontrollierte Studie mit überwiegend in stationärer kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischer Behandlung befindlichen Jugendlichen zeigte signifikante positive Effekte von IWS auf Stigma-Variablen (Selbststigma, Stigma-Stress) sowie auf Lebensqualität, depressive Symptomatik, Recovery und Einstellungen zu Behandlungsteilnahme. Schließlich werden Implikationen für die Implementierung und Stigma-Interventionen diskutiert.

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Black, Kisten. "The development of IWS — an integrated workstation for librarians." Program 24, no. 1 (January 1990): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb047048.

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Christov, Michail. "Sources of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Produced at IWS “Dobroudja”." Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 7, no. 4 (January 1993): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.1993.10818723.

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Feng, Genxiang, Zhanyu Zhang, and Zemin Zhang. "Evaluating the Sustainable Use of Saline Water Irrigation on Soil Water-Salt Content and Grain Yield under Subsurface Drainage Condition." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 15, 2019): 6431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226431.

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A sustainable irrigation system is known to improve the farmland soil water-salt environment and increase crop yields. However, the sustainable use of saline irrigation water under proper drainage measures still needs further study. In this study, a two-year experiment was performed to assess the sustainable effects of saline water irrigation under subsurface drainage condition. A coupled model consisting of the HYDRUS-2D model and EPIC module was used to investigate the effects of irrigation water salinity (IWS) and subsurface drainage depth (SDD) on soil water-salt content and summer maize yield when saline water was adopted for irrigation under different subsurface drainage measures. Summer maize in the two-year experiments were irrigated with saline water of three different salinity levels (0.78, 3.75, and 6.25 dS m−1) under three different drainage conditions (no subsurface drainage, drain depth of 80 cm, and drain depth of 120 cm). The field observed data such as soil water content, soil salinity within root zone, ET and grain yield in 2016 and 2017 were used for calibration and validation, respectively. The calibration and validation results indicated that there was good correlation between the field measured data and the HYDRUS-EPIC model simulated data, where RMSE, NSE (> 0.50), and R2 (> 0.70) satisfied the requirements of model accuracy. Based on a seven × seven (IWS × SDD) scenario simulation, the effects of IWS and SDD on summer maize relative grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) were evaluated in the form of a contour map; the relative grain yield and WUE obtained peak values when drain depth was around 100 cm, where the relative yield of summer maize was about 0.82 and 0.53 at IWS of 8 and 12 dS m−1, and the mean WUE was 1.66 kg m−3. The proper IWS under subsurface drainage systems was also optimized by the scenario simulation results; the summer maize relative yield was still about 0.80 even when the IWS was as high as 8.61 dS m−1. In summary, subsurface drainage measures may provide important support for the sustainable utilization of saline water in irrigation. Moreover, the coupled HYDRUS-EPIC model should be a beneficial tool to evaluate future sustainability of the irrigation system.

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Barkan, Roy, Kraig B. Winters, and James C. McWilliams. "Stimulated Imbalance and the Enhancement of Eddy Kinetic Energy Dissipation by Internal Waves." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 1 (January 2017): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0117.1.

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AbstractThe effects of internal waves (IWs), externally forced by high-frequency wind, on energy pathways are studied in submesoscale-resolving numerical simulations of an idealized wind-driven channel flow. Two processes are examined: the direct extraction of mesoscale energy by externally forced IWs followed by an IW forward energy cascade to dissipation and stimulated imbalance, a mechanism through which externally forced IWs trigger a forward mesoscale to submesoscale energy cascade to dissipation. This study finds that the frequency and wavenumber spectral slopes are shallower in solutions with high-frequency forcing compared to solutions without and that the volume-averaged interior kinetic energy dissipation rate increases tenfold. The ratio between the enhanced dissipation rate and the added high-frequency wind work is 1.3, demonstrating the significance of the IW-mediated forward cascades. Temporal-scale analysis of energy exchanges among low- (mesoscale), intermediate- (submesoscale), and high-frequency (IW) bands shows a corresponding increase in kinetic energy Ek and available potential energy APE transfers from mesoscales to submesoscales (stimulated imbalance) and mesoscales to IWs (direct extraction). Two direct extraction routes are identified: a mesoscale to IW Ek transfer and a mesoscale to IW APE transfer followed by an IW APE to IW Ek conversion. Spatial-scale analysis of eddy–IW interaction in solutions with high-frequency forcing shows an equivalent increase in forward Ek and APE transfers inside both anticyclones and cyclones.

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Zhao, Yanru, Keqiang Yu, Chong Feng, Haiyan Cen, and Yong He. "Early Detection of Aphid (Myzus persicae) Infestation on Chinese Cabbage by Hyperspectral Imaging and Feature Extraction." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 4 (2017): 1045–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.11886.

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Abstract. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the visible/near-infrared region coupled with textural feature extraction were used to detect aphid infestation on Chinese cabbage plants. Hyperspectral images of Chinese cabbage plants, including 31 healthy plants and 32 aphid-infested plants, were captured in the region of 380 to 1030 nm with a pushbroom HSI system. A total of 160 spectra were selected from the hyperspectral images of plants. Six important wavelengths (IWs) at 550, 671, 694, 742, 911, and 968 nm were identified by x-loadings of PC-1 and PC-2 in principle component analysis (PCA). Textural features (TFs) including contrast, homogeneity, energy, and correlation based on gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) were extracted from the six selected IWs. Finally, least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) models were developed to differentiate between healthy and aphid-infested plants based on the IWs and TFs. The results showed that the reflectance and textural features at 694 and 742 nm offered good performance in distinguishing aphid-infested samples from healthy samples. The overall results revealed the feasibility of HSI for early detection of aphid infestation on Chinese cabbage plants and its promising potential in practice. Keywords: Aphid infestation, Chinese cabbage, Hyperspectral imaging, Least squares support vector machine, Principal component analysis, Textural feature extraction.

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Gouzou, Maria, Maria Karanikola, Chryssoula Lemonidou, Elizabeth Papathanassoglou, and Margarita Giannakopoulou. "Measuring professional satisfaction and nursing workload among nursing staff at a Greek Coronary Care Unit." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 49, spe (December 2015): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-6234201500000003.

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ABSTRACT Objective To explore potential associations between nursing workload and professional satisfaction among nursing personnel (NP) in Greek Coronary Care Units (CCUs). Method A cross-sectional study was performed involving 66 members of the NP employed in 6 randomly selected Greek CCUs. Job satisfaction was assessed by the IWS and nursing workload by NAS, CNIS and TISS-28. Results The response rate was 77.6%. The reliability of the IWS was α=0.78 and the mean score 10.7 (±2.1, scale range: 0.5-39.7). The most highly valued component of satisfaction was “Pay”, followed by “Task requirements”, “Interaction”, “Professional status”, “Organizational policies” and “Autonomy”. NAS, CNIS and TISS-28 were negatively correlated (p≤0.04) with the following work components: “Autonomy”, “Professional status”, “Interaction” and “Task requirements”. Night shift work independently predicted the score of IWS. Conclusion The findings show low levels of job satisfaction, which are related with nursing workload and influenced by rotating shifts.

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Agathokleous, Agathoklis, Chrystalleni Christodoulou, and Symeon E. Christodoulou. "Influence of intermittent water supply operations on the vulnerability of water distribution networks." Journal of Hydroinformatics 19, no. 6 (May 11, 2017): 838–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2017.133.

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Abstract Water authorities in countries facing water shortage problems are implementing intermittent water supply (IWS) policies, as a measure to conserve and control their national water resources. Implementation of such measures affects the behaviour of the water pipe systems during the operation stage. The research work presented herein presents a model simulating the behaviour of urban water distribution networks (WDNs) under normal operating conditions, as well as during a period of IWS operations. The modelling and analysis, based on an eight-year dataset (2003–2010) from a local Water Board, takes into account information related to breakage incidents within the WDN as well as external factors to perform vulnerability assessment of the pipe network. The results of the performed survival and cluster analysis show that during the implementation period of IWS operations, and right after that period, there is a significant increase in the deterioration rate of the affected network. Further, there is a change in the comparative importance of the factors affecting the network condition and their contribution to the WDN vulnerability.

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Imo, T., P. Amosa, V. Vaurasi, and F. Latu. "Chemical Contamination in a Typical Independent Water Scheme (IWS) Catchment." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 10, no. 12 (2019): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2019.10.12.1214.

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Shameer, Khader, and Ramanathan Sowdhamini. "IWS: Integrated Web Server for protein sequence and structure analysis." Bioinformation 2, no. 3 (November 1, 2007): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630002086.

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Burgstaller. "Umfassender Inhalt der Fragen an die Geschworenen nach Strafausschließungsgründen iwS." Juristische Blätter 129, no. 8 (August 2007): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00503-007-1181-x.

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Suchowersky, Andrew M., Martin Hua, Peter Lorentzos, and L. Andrew Ashton. "A comparison of risk profile for orthopaedic operations when utilizing individually wrapped screws (IWS) when compared with sterile screw caddies (screw racks)." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 28, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 230949902094408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499020944086.

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Introduction: There has been a global trend towards individually packaged screws for orthopaedic operations. Traditional practice makes use of screw caddies that require re-sterilization. Individually wrapped screws (IWS) are purported to decrease infection rates and avoid the deleterious effects of repeated screw sterilizations, despite marginal evidence. This review aimed to evaluate the safety, effectiveness and economics of screw caddies with IWS. Material and methods: The literature was surveyed in a systematic fashion between 1998 and 2017 and all relevant health technology assessments, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-controlled studies and case series were sought. Any benefits or otherwise of IWS over screw caddies were then evaluated in the areas of safety, effectiveness and economics. Results: Two level III-3 papers suggested the use of caddies at least as safe as individual screws. Four level III-2 papers demonstrated that screws from caddies were as effective as individual alternatives, while a level III-3 paper reported that individual screws were significantly more expensive than screw caddies. Cost increases to our regional health service from ankle open reduction and internal fixations alone of at least $50,112 (AUD) per annum were calculated. Conclusions: From the results obtained, the authors recommend the continued use of screw caddies for orthopaedic procedures.

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Haney, S., and W. R. Young. "Radiation of internal waves from groups of surface gravity waves." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 829 (September 15, 2017): 280–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.536.

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Groups of surface gravity waves induce horizontally varying Stokes drift that drives convergence of water ahead of the group and divergence behind. The mass flux divergence associated with spatially variable Stokes drift pumps water downwards in front of the group and upwards in the rear. This ‘Stokes pumping’ creates a deep Eulerian return flow that sets the isopycnals below the wave group in motion and generates a trailing wake of internal gravity waves. We compute the energy flux from surface to internal waves by finding solutions of the wave-averaged Boussinesq equations in two and three dimensions forced by Stokes pumping at the surface. The two-dimensional (2-D) case is distinct from the 3-D case in that the stratification must be very strong, or the surface waves very slow for any internal wave (IW) radiation at all. On the other hand, in three dimensions, IW radiation always occurs, but with a larger energy flux as the stratification and surface wave (SW) amplitude increase or as the SW period is shorter. Specifically, the energy flux from SWs to IWs varies as the fourth power of the SW amplitude and of the buoyancy frequency, and is inversely proportional to the fifth power of the SW period. Using parameters typical of short period swell (e.g. 8 s SW period with 1 m amplitude) we find that the energy flux is small compared to both the total energy in a typical SW group and compared to the total IW energy. Therefore this coupling between SWs and IWs is not a significant sink of energy for the SWs nor a source for IWs. In an extreme case (e.g. 4 m amplitude 20 s period SWs) this coupling is a significant source of energy for IWs with frequency close to the buoyancy frequency.

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Ahmad, Mohammad Nazir, Mohd Ismawira Mohd Ismail, Nor Hidayati Zakaria, and Mohd Khairul Maswan Mohd Redzuan. "Pertinent Knowledge Storage Processes for Central Repository Design in Domain of Interlocking Institutional Worlds." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 17, no. 2 (April 2021): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeis.2021040106.

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Designing a Central Repository (CR) for supporting the domain of Interlocking Institutional Worlds (IWs) requires a theory or model from Knowledge Storage Process (KSP) literature to govern the stakeholders' participation in the CR platform. However, current KSP theories or models have limited capabilities, so there are clear gaps in the context of designing a CR for the domain of IWs. Therefore, this paper suggests processes which include Identification, Standard, Service, and Maintain (ISSM) as a new KSP model to fill these gaps. To understand the stakeholders' participation, the authors use the case study of Flood Management (FM) to make sense of the proposed ISSM model. This gives us better understanding towards CR design using the KSP model.

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Bernard-Grand'Maison, Claire, and Wayne Pollard. "An estimate of ice wedge volume for a High Arctic polar desert environment, Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island." Cryosphere 12, no. 11 (November 20, 2018): 3589–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3589-2018.

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Abstract. Quantifying ground-ice volume on a regional scale is necessary to assess the vulnerability of permafrost landscapes to thaw-induced disturbance like terrain subsidence and to quantify potential carbon release. Ice wedges (IWs) are a ubiquitous ground-ice landform in the Arctic. Their high spatial variability makes generalizing their potential role in landscape change problematic. IWs form polygonal networks that are visible on satellite imagery from surface troughs. This study provides a first approximation of IW ice volume for the Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, a continuous permafrost area characterized by polar desert conditions and extensive ground ice. We perform basic GIS analyses on high-resolution satellite imagery to delineate IW troughs and estimate the associated IW ice volume using a 3-D subsurface model. We demonstrate the potential of two semi-automated IW trough delineation methods, one newly developed and one marginally used in previous studies, to increase the time efficiency of this process compared to manual delineation. Our methods yield acceptable IW ice volume estimates, validating the value of GIS to estimate IW volume on much larger scales. We estimate that IWs are potentially present on 50 % of the Fosheim Peninsula (∼3000 km2), where 3.81 % of the top 5.9 m of permafrost could be IW ice.

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Gist, Thomas E., Gary L. Lorenzen, Richard E. Swanson, Marilyn K. McQuade, and Robert G. Fuller. "The Air Force Academy Instructor Workstation (IWS): I. Design and Implementation." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 17, no. 4 (June 1989): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hc7k-ldby-v03e-rq4n.

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In this article we discuss the design and implementation of a computer controlled instructor workstation. The original design consisted of an AT-class computer controlling a laser videodisc player, with graphics overlay, data acquisition, administrative support, and central file serving included. We include the background leading to the decision to develop an instructor workstation, as opposed to a standalone tutorial system; goals of the system design; rationale behind the choice of programming language used; description of the system design; and description of the current configuration. As currently implemented, the system consists of a controlling computer, the videodisc player, and the central file server.

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Druzhinin, O. A., L. A. Ostrovsky, and S. S. Zilitinkevich. "The study of the effect of small-scale turbulence on internal gravity waves propagation in a pycnocline." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 20, no. 6 (November 14, 2013): 977–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-20-977-2013.

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Abstract. This paper presents the results of modeling the interaction between internal waves (IWs) and turbulence using direct numerical simulation (DNS). Turbulence is excited and supported by a random forcing localized in a vertical layer separated from the pycnocline. The main attention is paid to the internal wave damping due to turbulence and comparison of the results with those obtained theoretically by using the semi-empirical approach. It is shown that the IW damping rate predicted by the theory agrees well with the DNS results when turbulence is sufficiently strong to be only weakly perturbed by the internal wave; however, the theory overestimates the damping rate of IWs for a weaker turbulence. The DNS parameters are matched to the parameters of the laboratory experiment, and an extrapolation to the oceanic scales is also provided.

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Gilleland, Eric, Johan Lindström, and Finn Lindgren. "Analyzing the Image Warp Forecast Verification Method on Precipitation Fields from the ICP." Weather and Forecasting 25, no. 4 (August 1, 2010): 1249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010waf2222365.1.

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Abstract Image warping for spatial forecast verification is applied to the test cases employed by the Spatial Forecast Verification Intercomparison Project (ICP), which includes both real and contrived cases. A larger set of cases is also used to investigate aggregating results for summarizing forecast performance over a long record of forecasts. The technique handles the geometric and perturbed cases with nearly exact precision, as would be expected. A statistic, dubbed here the IWS for image warp statistic, is proposed for ranking multiple forecasts and tested on the perturbed cases. IWS rankings for perturbed and real test cases are found to be sensible and physically interpretable. A powerful result of this study is that the image warp can be employed using a relatively sparse, preset regular grid without having to first identify features.

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Han, Ye, Xiuping Li, and Wenquan Che. "Lessons From Professionals-The WiM Session at IWS 2019 [Women in Microwaves]." IEEE Microwave Magazine 20, no. 9 (September 2019): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmm.2019.2922143.

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El Achi, Nassim, and Michael J. Rouse. "A hybrid hydraulic model for gradual transition from intermittent to continuous water supply in Amman, Jordan: a theoretical study." Water Supply 20, no. 1 (October 4, 2019): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.142.

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Abstract Intermittent water supply (IWS) is associated with numerous negative consequences with respect to health and access along with technical impacts that aggravate the sustainable supply of water, thus rendering Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 (SDG 6.1) hardly achievable. The gradual, or zone-by-zone, transition from IWS to continuous water supply is very effective in terms of economic scarcity. This work focused on designing a theoretical ‘hybrid’ hydraulic model where both types of services, intermittent and continuous, were included in the modelling. The preliminary, not calibrated model, which was applied in a district in Amman, has shown to be efficient on both the technical and economic sides as it achieves independent district metering areas. Sustainable access to water, however, necessitates an integrated solution taking into account the technical, economic, social and psychological factors along with the modelling aspect highlighted in this work.

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Bonß, S. "Einzigartige Mess- und Regelkomponenten für zuverlässige Produktionsprozesse mit Lasertechnik." wt Werkstattstechnik online 106, no. 06 (2016): 428–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2016-06-58.

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Das Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoff- und Strahltechnik IWS Dresden betreibt anwendungsorientierte Forschung und Entwicklung in den Bereichen Laser- und Oberflächentechnologie. Schwerpunkte sind das Laserschweißen, -schneiden, -beschichten, -härten und -reinigen, die Oberflächen- und Dünnschichttechnik, Gasphasenprozesse, das Prozess-Monitoring sowie die Nanopartikeltechnologie.

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Goulooze, S., E. Krekels, M. van Dijk, T. Hankemeier, D. Tibboel, E. Ista, and C. Knibbe. "O33 Towards personalised weaning of sedatives and analgesics using mechanism-based modelling of iatrogenic withdrawal in critically ill children." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 6 (May 17, 2019): e14.3-e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-esdppp.33.

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BackgroundProlonged treatment with analgesics and sedatives can result in iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS) in children being weaned from these drugs.1Personalized weaning strategies might lower the incidence of IWS, but this requires a quantitative understanding of withdrawal over time in individual patients.MethodsData from 81 children (aged 1 month to 17 years) collected during an observational clinical study on IWS2 were used, including a total of 1782 withdrawal assessments performed by PICU nurses, on a numerical rating scale (NRSwithdrawal) from 0 (no withdrawal) to 10 (worst withdrawal possible). Population pharmacokinetic models from literature were used to generate concentration-time profiles in each patient of all key analgesics and sedatives: morphine, fentanyl, methadone, midazolam, lorazepam, propofol, esketamine and clonidine. A mechanism-based withdrawal model was developed using NONMEM 7.3 to quantify IWS over time. The final model was used to perform simulations in which different weaning strategies were compared.ResultsA novel mechanism-based withdrawal model structure was developed with a hypothetical compartment, which equilibrates with the central pharmacokinetic compartment, and which characterizes the development and disappearance of drug dependence over time. With this model and available data, withdrawal dynamics could be established with statistical significance for fentanyl (p< 10-6), morphine (p=0.043) and esketamine (p=0.002), and not for any of the other drugs. Compared with fentanyl, development and disappearance of esketamine and morphine dependence is slower.ConclusionsGiven the patient‘s use of fentanyl, morphine and esketamine, the developed model can dynamically predict IWS from these substances under different weaning strategies. The results show that the optimal strategy for weaning of drug dependent children depends on both the type of drug and the drug levels prior to weaning. In this study, there was insufficient information to characterise midazolam withdrawal dynamics, potentially because of slow midazolam weaning with insufficiently high NRSwithdrawal scores.ReferencesBest KM, Boullata JI, Curley MAQ. Risk factors associated with iatrogenic opioid and benzodiazepine withdrawal in critically ill pediatric patients: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Model. Pediatr Crit Care Med ( 2015) 16(2): 175–183.Ista E, de Hoog M, Tibboel D, Duivenvoorden HJ, van Dijk M. Psychometric evaluation of the sophia observation withdrawal symptoms scale in critically ill children. Pediatr Crit Care Med ( 2013).14(8): 761–769.Disclosure(s)Nothing to disclose

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Christodoulou, S., and A. Agathokleous. "A study on the effects of intermittent water supply on the vulnerability of urban water distribution networks." Water Supply 12, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.025.

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Faced with extended periods of drought and short supply of water, arid-weather countries have turned to intermittent water supply (IWS) as a means to reduce water consumption and to prolong their national water reserves. Unfortunately, such drastic measures usually fail to consider the effects of intermittent supply on the condition of piping networks and the resulting water losses, inefficiencies and overall maintenance cost on these networks. Presented herein is research work on the effects of IWS on the vulnerability of urban water distribution networks (UWDN) based on a 3-year dataset from major urban centres in Cyprus. The dataset includes information on breakage incidents, operating network parameters, external factors and vulnerability assessment and by use of data-mining and survival analysis techniques evaluates the effects of such intermittent supply strategies on the vulnerability of the water pipes and on the sustainability of the strategy.

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KIM, YONG CHEOL, YOON HEO, KI-TAE NAM, GYOO SUK KIM, and EUNG-PYO HONG. "BILATERAL INSTRUMENTED WHEEL SYSTEM FOR MEASURING HANDRIM FORCES DURING MANUAL WHEELCHAIR PROPULSION." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 20, no. 10 (December 2020): 2040040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519420400400.

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The purpose of this study was to design and validate a new bilateral instrumented wheel system (IWS) to measure triaxial handrim forces and torques simultaneously during the wheelchair propulsion. The designed and implemented system measures the force applied to the handrims on both sides of a manual wheelchair using 6-axis force/torque sensors. In addition, a user interface receives the measurements from the left and right IWSs. To verify the accuracy of the wheel system, we evaluate force and torque measurements during the static and dynamic tests. The maximum error in static measurements of force and torque are 4.29% and 1.95%, respectively. Likewise, dynamic tests using planar forces and axle torques provide low errors and measurements that are highly correlated with the expected values ([Formula: see text]). The results revealed that the proposed IWS can be used to measure bilateral 3D handrim reaction forces with acceptable accuracy.

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Kim, Jinuk, Jiwan Lee, Jongyoon Park, Sehoon Kim, and Seongjoon Kim. "Improvement of Downstream Flow by Modifying SWAT Reservoir Operation Considering Irrigation Water and Environmental Flow from Agricultural Reservoirs in South Korea." Water 13, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 2543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182543.

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This study aims to develop a reservoir operation rule adding downstream environmental flow release (EFR) to the exclusive use of irrigation water supply (IWS) from agricultural reservoirs through canals to rice paddy areas. A reservoir operation option was added in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to handle both EFR and IWS. For a 366.5 km2 watershed including three agricultural reservoirs and a rice paddy irrigation area of 4744.7 ha, the SWAT was calibrated and validated using 21 years (1998–2018) of daily reservoir water levels and downstream flow data at Gongdo (GD) station. For reservoir water level and streamflow, the average root means square error (RMSE) ranged from 19.70 mm to 19.54 mm, and the coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) had no effect on the improved SWAT. By applying the new reservoir option, the EFR amount for a day was controlled by keeping the reservoir water level up in order to ensure that the IWS was definitely satisfied in any case. The downstream mean wet streamflow (Q95) decreased to 5.70 m3/sec from 5.71 m3/sec and the mean minimum flow (Q355) increased to 1.05 m3/sec from 0.94 m3/sec. Through the development of a SWAT reservoir operation module that satisfies multiple water supply needs such as IWR and EFR, it is possible to manage agricultural water in the irrigation period and control the environmental flow in non-irrigation periods. This study provides useful information to evaluate and understand the future impacts of various changes in climate and environmental flows at other sites.

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Silva, Vagnára Ribeiro da, Luciane de Souza Velasque, and Teresa Tonini. "Job satisfaction in an oncology nursing team." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 70, no. 5 (October 2017): 988–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0422.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the level of attributed, perceived and real job satisfaction of oncology nursing professionals and analyze the relationships between the levels of satisfaction among these workers. Method: a descriptive, quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using the Index of Work Satisfaction (IWS) to evaluate the nursing team, nurses and technicians/auxiliaries. A total of 348 workers answered the questionnaire, of which 216 were fully completed and considered for the IWS calculation. Results: Autonomy was considered the most important item in attributed satisfaction for the nursing team and nurses. Salary was valorized most by the technicians/auxiliaries. For perceived satisfaction, Professional Status was the most important for all workers. Regarding real satisfaction, Interaction was the most important for the nursing team and technicians/auxiliaries; while the nurses valorized Autonomy. The nurses presented the greatest job satisfaction. Conclusion: a discrepancy was observed in job satisfaction among the oncology nurses, indicating the importance of further quantitative research.

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Mackay, Donald G., Christopher B. Hadley, and Joel H. Schwartz. "Relations between emotion, illusory word perception, and orthographic repetition blindness: Tests of binding theory." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 58, no. 8 (November 2005): 1514–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000728.

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This study reports effects of meaning and emotion (taboo vs. neutral words) on an illusory word (IW) phenomenon linked to orthographic repetition blindness (RB). Participants immediately recalled rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) lists consisting of two critical words (C1 and C2) containing shared letters, followed by a word fragment: for example, lake (C1) brake (C2) ush (fragment). For neutral critical words, participants often recalled C1, but not C2 or the fragment, reporting instead a nonoccurring or illusory word: here, brush (a blend of C2 and the fragment). Forward RB (defined as reduced report of orthographically similar C2s) was more common for neutral than for taboo C2s, and taboo IWs were reported significantly more often than were neutral IWs. Moreover, when both C2 and the potential IW were taboo, a new phenomenon emerged: Participants reliably reported both the IW and the intact C2. These and other results supported a binding theory of the IW phenomenon and orthographic RB.

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Lanari, Riccardo, Manuela Bonano, Francesco Casu, Claudio De Luca, Michele Manunta, Mariarosaria Manzo, Giovanni Onorato, and Ivana Zinno. "Automatic Generation of Sentinel-1 Continental Scale DInSAR Deformation Time Series through an Extended P-SBAS Processing Pipeline in a Cloud Computing Environment." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 2961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12182961.

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Abstract:

We present in this work an advanced processing pipeline for continental scale differential synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) deformation time series generation, which is based on the parallel small baseline subset (P-SBAS) approach and on the joint exploitation of Sentinel-1 (S-1) interferometric wide swath (IWS) SAR data, continuous global navigation satellite system (GNSS) position time-series, and cloud computing (CC) resources. We first briefly describe the basic rationale of the adopted P-SBAS processing approach, tailored to deal with S-1 IWS SAR data and to be implemented in a CC environment, highlighting the innovative solutions that have been introduced in the processing chain we present. They mainly consist in a series of procedures that properly exploit the available GNSS time series with the aim of identifying and filtering out possible residual atmospheric artifacts that may affect the DInSAR measurements. Moreover, significant efforts have been carried out to improve the P-SBAS processing pipeline automation and robustness, which represent crucial issues for interferometric continental scale analysis. Then, a massive experimental analysis is presented. In this case, we exploit: (i) the whole archive of S-1 IWS SAR images acquired over a large portion of Europe, from descending orbits, (ii) the continuous GNSS position time series provided by the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory at the University of Nevada, Reno, USA (UNR-NGL) available for the investigated area, and (iii) the ONDA platform, one of the Copernicus Data and Information Access Services (DIAS). The achieved results demonstrate the capability of the proposed solution to successfully retrieve the DInSAR time series relevant to such a huge area, opening new scenarios for the analysis and interpretation of these ground deformation measurements.

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