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Journal articles on the topic 'J (Locomotive)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Mandai, K., M. Tada, Y. Yamada, et al. "POS0517 A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF SARCOPENIA, LOCOMOTIVE SYNDROME, AND FRAILTY IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: FROM THE CHIKARA STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (2021): 492.2–492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1245.

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Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have a high frequency of sarcopenia, and they commonly have reduced physical function. We previously reported that the prevalence of sarcopenia was 28%, that of frailty was 18.9%, and that of pre-frailty was 38.9% in RA patients1,2, and 13.2% of RA patients developed sarcopenia within a year 3.Objectives:To investigate the risk factors for new onset of sarcopenia, locomotive syndrome, and frailty in patients with RA and the course of each disease.Methods:Two-year follow-up data from the rural group of the prospective, observational CHIKARA study we

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2

Goss, W. F. M. "TESTS OF THE BOILER OF THE PURDUE LOCOMOTIVE." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 13, no. 1 (2009): 70–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1901.tb03373.x.

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3

Godwin, T., Ram Gopalan, and T. T. Narendran. "Locomotive assignment and freight train scheduling using genetic algorithms." International Transactions in Operational Research 13, no. 4 (2006): 299–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3995.2006.00550.x.

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4

Kashiwagura, T., M. Kobayashi, Y. Sugimura, T. Kawano, H. Sato, and Y. Shimada. "AB0196 THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN OSTEOPOROSIS AND FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT EVALUATED BY THE LOCOMO25 IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 1398.1–1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3625.

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Background:Locomotive syndrome is a condition in which activities of daily living are affected by impairment of the motor organs, most often due to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Locomo25 is a new index developed for the early detection of locomotive syndrome. It consists of 25 items associated with pain, physical activity, and subjective state of health, with a score of 7 points or higher classed as Grade 1 locomotive syndrome and a score of 16 points or higher as Grade 2. In RA, joint impairment causes the appearance of problems affecting motor organs as a whole, as well as progressive functiona

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5

Kirk, R. K., B. Svensmark, L. P. Ellegaard, and H. E. Jensen. "Locomotive Disorders Associated with Sow Mortality in Danish Pig Herds." Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 52, no. 8 (2005): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.2005.00747.x.

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6

Rouleau, Raymond. "Les médecins de Charles Guérin face au choléra." Dossier 19, no. 3 (2006): 519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/201116ar.

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Résumé Dans Charles Guérin, roman de P.-J.-O. Chauveau dont l'action débute en 1830, plusieurs figures de médecins sont à l'oeuvre. Exploitant une juxtaposition du texte romanesque et de l'histoire de la médecine au Québec, l'auteur examine la science, les savoirs, la locomotive, le livre, les pratiques de la médecine, ses agents et, en particulier, le désarroi commun devant l'épidémie de choléra morbus qui s'abat sur le Canada en 1832.

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Varjosaari, Sami E., Vladislav Skrypai, Paolo Suating, Joseph J. M. Hurley, Thomas M. Gilbert, and Marc J. Adler. "Front Cover: 1-Hydrosilatrane: A Locomotive for Efficient Ketone Reductions (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2/2017)." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2017, no. 2 (2017): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201601660.

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8

Fuentes, Romulo, Per Petersson, and Miguel A. L. Nicolelis. "Restoration of locomotive function in Parkinson’s disease by spinal cord stimulation: mechanistic approach." European Journal of Neuroscience 32, no. 7 (2010): 1100–1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07417.x.

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9

Yamada, Minoru, Kazuki Uemura, Shuhei Mori, et al. "Faster decline of physical performance in older adults with higher levels of baseline locomotive function." Geriatrics & Gerontology International 12, no. 2 (2011): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0594.2011.00757.x.

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10

Ericson, Steven J. "From Steam to Diesel: Managerial Customs and Organizational Capabilities in the Twentieth-Century American Locomotive Industry. Albert J. Churella." Isis 91, no. 4 (2000): 819–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/385010.

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11

BAE, S. Y., Y. J. JUNG, S. Y. WOO, M. H. PARK, J. Y. SEOH, and K. H. RYU. "Distinct locomotive patterns of granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes in a stable concentration gradient of chemokines." International Journal of Laboratory Hematology 30, no. 2 (2008): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-553x.2007.00914.x.

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12

Dale, B. G., and J. M. Winderbank. "The development from prototype construction to workshop production of an advanced underground locomotive: A case study." R&D Management 15, no. 1 (1985): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1985.tb00031.x.

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13

Park, Saeyoung, Namhee Jung, Seoha Myung, et al. "Differentiation of Human Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Schwann-Like Cells Improves Neuromuscular Function in a Mouse Model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1A." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 8 (2018): 2393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082393.

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Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is the most common inherited motor and sensory neuropathy, and is caused by duplication of PMP22, alterations of which are a characteristic feature of demyelination. The clinical phenotype of CMT1A is determined by the degree of axonal loss, and patients suffer from progressive muscle weakness and impaired sensation. Therefore, we investigated the potential of Schwann-like cells differentiated from human tonsil-derived stem cells (T-MSCs) for use in neuromuscular regeneration in trembler-J (Tr-J) mice, a model of CMT1A. After differentiation, we conf

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14

Roh, Chris, and Morteza Gharib. "Honeybees use their wings for water surface locomotion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 49 (2019): 24446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908857116.

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Honeybees display a unique biolocomotion strategy at the air–water interface. When water’s adhesive force traps them on the surface, their wetted wings lose ability to generate aerodynamic thrust. However, they adequately locomote, reaching a speed up to 3 body lengths·s−1. Honeybees use their wetted wings as hydrofoils for their water surface propulsion. Their locomotion imparts hydrodynamic momentum to the surrounding water in the form of asymmetric waves and a deeper water jet stream, generating ∼20-μN average thrust. The wing kinematics show that the wing’s stroke plane is skewed, and the

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15

Latash, E. M., W. H. Barnett, H. Park, et al. "Frontal plane dynamics of the centre of mass during quadrupedal locomotion on a split-belt treadmill." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 170 (2020): 20200547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0547.

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Our previous study of cat locomotion demonstrated that lateral displacements of the centre of mass (COM) were strikingly similar to those of human walking and resembled the behaviour of an inverted pendulum (Park et al. 2019 J. Exp. Biol. 222 , 14. (doi:10.1242/jeb.198648)). Here, we tested the hypothesis that frontal plane dynamics of quadrupedal locomotion are consistent with an inverted pendulum model. We developed a simple mathematical model of balance control in the frontal plane based on an inverted pendulum and compared model behaviour with that of four cats locomoting on a split-belt t

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Oliver, Tim, Micah Dembo, and Ken Jacobson. "Separation of Propulsive and Adhesive Traction Stresses in Locomoting Keratocytes." Journal of Cell Biology 145, no. 3 (1999): 589–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.145.3.589.

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Strong, actomyosin-dependent, pinching tractions in steadily locomoting (gliding) fish keratocytes revealed by traction imaging present a paradox, since only forces perpendicular to the direction of locomotion are apparent, leaving the actual propulsive forces unresolved. When keratocytes become transiently “stuck” by their trailing edge and adopt a fibroblast-like morphology, the tractions opposing locomotion are concentrated into the tail, leaving the active pinching and propulsive tractions clearly visible under the cell body. Stuck keratocytes can develop ∼1 mdyn (10,000 pN) total propulsi

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Fish, F. E., and R. V. Baudinette. "Energetics of locomotion by the Australian water rat (Hydromys chrysogaster): a comparison of swimming and running in a semi-aquatic mammal." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 4 (1999): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.4.353.

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Semi-aquatic mammals occupy a precarious evolutionary position, having to function in both aquatic and terrestrial environments without specializing in locomotor performance in either environment. To examine possible energetic constraints on semi-aquatic mammals, we compared rates of oxygen consumption for the Australian water rat (Hydromys chrysogaster) using different locomotor behaviors: swimming and running. Aquatic locomotion was investigated as animals swam in a water flume at several speeds, whereas water rats were run on a treadmill to measure metabolic effort during terrestrial locomo

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18

Deng, Jian, and C. P. Caulfield. "Horizontal locomotion of a vertically flapping oblate spheroid." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 840 (February 15, 2018): 688–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.62.

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We consider the self-induced motions of three-dimensional oblate spheroids of density $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{s}$ with varying aspect ratios $AR=b/c\leqslant 1$, where $b$ and $c$ are the spheroids’ centre-pole radius and centre-equator radius, respectively. Vertical motion is imposed on the spheroids such that $y_{s}(t)=A\sin (2\unicode[STIX]{x03C0}ft)$ in a fluid of density $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}$ and kinematic viscosity $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$. As in strictly two-dimensional flows, above a critical value $Re_{C}$ of the flapping Reynolds number $Re_{A}=2Afc/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$, the s

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Lachica, M., and J. F. Aguilera. "Estimation of the energy costs of locomotion in the Iberian pig(Sus mediterraneus)." British Journal of Nutrition 83, no. 1 (2000): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500000064.

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The energy cost of locomotion of four Iberian pigs was measured in two experiments conducted when the animals averaged 41·3 (se 0·1) kg (first experiment) and 84·1 (se 0·1) kg (second experiment). The heat production of the pigs was determined when standing or walking at a speed of 0·555 m/s on a treadmill enclosed in a confinement-type respiration chamber, on different slopes (-10·5, 0, and +10·5 % in the first experiment, and -5·25, 0 and +10·5 % in the second experiment). The energy costs of locomotion, estimated from the coefficients of linear regressions of heat production per kg body wei

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Nakanishi, Hiroki, Mitsuhiro Yamazumi, Sotaro Karakama, et al. "On-Orbit Demonstration of Tether-Based Robot Locomotion in REX-J Mission." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 29, no. 5 (2017): 792–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2017.p0792.

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Locomotion is an important factor affecting astronaut support robots that are used in construction, repair, and inspection. Its requirements include long reach, compactness, and light weight. Tether is a good candidate because it allows for a long reach but is very light. It is also compact when wound up. The authors have previously proposed a reconfigurable tether-based locomotion method. In the concept, the robot attaches/detaches its tethers to/from handrails on the spacecraft and moves by controlling the length and tension of the tethers. From August 2012 to May 2013, JAXA conducted the Ro

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21

Rosiu, Cornell, Stephen Lehmann, David Sherry, Wyman Briggs, and Peter Blanchard. "When Oil is the Lesser of Two Evils: Comparative Risk of the Shipwreck EMPIRE KNIGHT." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (2014): 299468. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014-1-299468.1.

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When Oil is the Lesser of Two Evils: Comparative Risk of the Shipwreck EMPIRE KNIGHT Cornell J. Rosiu, First Coast Guard District - Incident Management, 408 Atlantic Ave, Boston MA 02110Stephen M. Lehmann, NOAA - Office of Response and Restoration, 10 George St, #220, Lowell, MA 01852David M. Sherry, Center for Law and Military Operations, Charlottesville, VA 22903Wyman W. Briggs, USCG - Sector Northern New England, 259 High St, South Portland, ME 04106Peter J. Blanchard, Maine DEP – Div. of Response Services, #17 State House Station, Augusta, ME 04333At the height of WWII in February of 1944,

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Matar, Elie, James M. Shine, Moran Gilat, et al. "025 The neural correlates of doorway freezing in parkinson’s disease." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 89, no. 6 (2018): A10.3—A11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-anzan.24.

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IntroductionFreezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a disabling symptom of advanced PD and is frequently triggered upon passing through narrow spaces such as doorways.1 Despite being common, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. We have previously shown that increased footstep latency in a virtual reality (VR) environment is a surrogate measure of FOG.2 In this study we aimed to model doorway freezing utilising the VR paradigm in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine the neural correlates of this phenomenon.MethodsIn

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23

Alam, Mohammad Shamimul, Farjana Sultana Poly, Sadniman Rahman, and Rowshan Ara Begum. "Larval locomotion behavior in three species of Drosophila." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 47, no. 2 (2019): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v47i2.44347.

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24

Campos, Joseph J., Bennett I. Bertenthal, and Rosanne Kermoian. "Early Experience and Emotional Development: The Emergence of Wariness of Heights." Psychological Science 3, no. 1 (1992): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00259.x.

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Because of its biological adaptive value, wariness of heights is widely believed to be innate or under maturational control. In this report, we present evidence contrary to this hypothesis, and show the importance of locomotor experience for emotional development. Four studies bearing on this conclusion have shown that (1) when age is held constant, locomotor experience accounts for wariness of heights; (2) “artificial” experience locomoting in a walker generates evidence of wariness of heights; (3) an orthopedically handicapped infant tested longitudinally did not show wariness of heights so

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Prilutsky, B. I., W. Herzog, and T. L. Allinger. "Mechanical power and work of cat soleus, gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles during locomotion: possible functional significance of muscle design and force patterns." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 4 (1996): 801–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.4.801.

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Electrical activity, forces, power and work of the soleus (SO), the gastrocnemius (GA) and the plantaris (PL) muscles were measured during locomotion in the cat in order to study the functional role of these ankle extensor muscles. Forces and electrical activity (EMG) of the three muscles were measured using home-made force transducers and bipolar, indwelling wire electrodes, respectively, for walking and trotting at speeds of 0.4 to 1.8 m s-1 on a motor-driven treadmill. Video records and a geometrical model of the cat hindlimb were used for calculating the rates of change in lengths of the S

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Yamazumi, Mitsuhiro, and Mitsushige Oda. "Tether Based Locomotion for Astronaut Support Robot Introduction of Robot Experiment on JEM." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 25, no. 2 (2013): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2013.p0306.

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An astronaut support robot called Astrobot will conduct tasks to reduce workloads of astronauts and risks of hazardous incidents that include astronauts. To realize Astrobot, new technologies must be developed such as robot locomotion capability to move robot’s location so that it arrives at required workplace and returns to its storage position. We are proposing a new type of robot locomotion method that uses tethers. JAXA is conducting experiments called Robot Experiment on Japanese Experiment Module or REX-J, to evaluate the usefulness of these new technologies. This paper discusses REX-J’s

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VINTHER, JAKOB, and DEREK E. G. BRIGGS. "Machaeridian locomotion." Lethaia 42, no. 3 (2009): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00165.x.

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28

Lachica, M., C. Prieto, and J. F. Aguilera. "The energy costs of walking on the level and on negative and positive slopes in the Granadina goat (Capra hircus)." British Journal of Nutrition 77, no. 1 (1997): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500002890.

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The energy expenditure of six goats averaging 35 (SE 0·3) kg was measured when the animals were standing or walking on a treadmill enclosed in a confinement-type respiration chamber at different speeds (0·167, 0·333 and 0·500 m/s) and slopes ( — 10, — 5, 0, +5 and +10%). The energy costs of locomotion, estimated from the coefficients of linear regressions of heat production (HP) per kg body weight v. distance travelled were 1·91, 2·33, 3·35, 4·68 and 6·44 J/kg BW per m for — 10, — 5, 0, +5 and +10% inclines respectively, indicating that the energy expenditure of walking over standing changes w

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29

Dip, Goswami, and Vadakkepat Prahlad. "Rotational Stability Index (RSI) point: postural stability in planar bipeds." Robotica 29, no. 5 (2010): 705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574710000597.

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SUMMARYThe postural stability of bipedal robots is investigated in perspective of foot-rotation during locomotion. With foot already rotated, the biped is modeled as an underactuated kinematic structure. The stability of such biped robots is analyzed by introducing the concept of rotational stability. The rotational stability investigates whether a biped would lead to a flat-foot posture or the biped would topple over. The rotational stability is quantified as a ground reference point named “rotational stability index (RSI)” point. Conditions are established to achieve rotational stability dur

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Sadamoto, Tomoko, and Kanji Matsukawa. "Cardiovascular responses during spontaneous overground locomotion in freely moving decerebrate cats." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 5 (1997): 1454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.5.1454.

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Sadamoto, Tomoko, and Kanji Matsukawa. Cardiovascular responses during spontaneous overground locomotion in freely moving decerebrate cats. J. Appl. Physiol.83(5): 1454–1460, 1997.—To examine whether the cerebrum is essential for producing the rapid cardiovascular adjustment at the beginning of overground locomotion, we examined heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and integrated electromyogram (iEMG) of the forelimb triceps brachialis muscle in freely moving decerebrate cats during locomotion. Two to four days after decerebration surgery performed at the level of the precollic

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Scher, A., and D. Cohen. "Locomotion and nightwaking." Child: Care, Health and Development 31, no. 6 (2005): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2005.00557.x.

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32

PARK, Hahnkyu. "Trump versus Kim Jong-un: Four Scenarios of US-North Korea Relations." East Asian Policy 09, no. 04 (2017): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930517000319.

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In the last few months, US President Donald J Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un look like two locomotives on a collision course over North Korea’s nuclear and missile issue. There may be four possible scenarios for US-North Korea relations in the future. The two countries are likely to end up with negotiation either for denuclearisation or for nuclear freeze in order to resolve the North Korean nuclear problem.

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Minetti, A. E., L. P. Ardigò, E. Reinach, and F. Saibene. "The relationship between mechanical work and energy expenditure of locomotion in horses." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 17 (1999): 2329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.17.2329.

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Three-dimensional motion capture and metabolic assessment were performed on four standardbred horses while walking, trotting and galloping on a motorized treadmill at different speeds. The mechanical work was partitioned into the internal work (W(INT)), due to the speed changes of body segments with respect to the body centre of mass, and the external work (W(EXT)), due to the position and speed changes of the body centre of mass with respect to the environment. The estimated total mechanical work (W(TOT)=W(INT)+W(EXT)) increased with speed, while metabolic work (C) remained rather constant. A

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Berrigan, D., and J. R. Lighton. "Bioenergetic and kinematic consequences of limblessness in larval Diptera." Journal of Experimental Biology 179, no. 1 (1993): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.179.1.245.

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We report the cost of transport and kinematics of terrestrial locomotion by larval blowflies (Protophormia terraenovae, Diptera: Calliphoridae). We contrast inter- and intra-individual methods for estimating minimum cost of transport (MCOT) and the relationship between speed, contraction frequency and distance traveled per contraction. The minimum cost of transport calculated from intra-individual data is 2297 +/− 317 J kg-1 m-1 (S.E.M.) and the MCOT calculated from inter-individual comparisons is statistically indistinguishable at 1910 +/− 327 J kg-1 m-1. These values are almost ten times hig

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Self Davies, Z. T., A. J. Spence, and A. M. Wilson. "External mechanical work in the galloping racehorse." Biology Letters 15, no. 2 (2019): 20180709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0709.

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Horse locomotion is remarkably economical. Here, we measure external mechanical work of the galloping horse and relate it to published measurements of metabolic cost. Seven Thoroughbred horses were galloped (ridden) over force plates, under a racing surface. Twenty-six full strides of force data were recorded and used to calculate the external mechanical work of galloping. The mean sum of decrements of mechanical energy was −876 J (±280 J) per stride and increments were 2163 J (±538 J) per stride as horses were accelerating. Combination with published values for internal work and metabolic cos

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Heglund, N. C., and C. R. Taylor. "Speed, stride frequency and energy cost per stride: how do they change with body size and gait?" Journal of Experimental Biology 138, no. 1 (1988): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.138.1.301.

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In this study we investigate how speed and stride frequency change with body size. We use this information to define ‘equivalent speeds’ for animals of different size and to explore the factors underlying the six-fold difference in mass-specific energy cost of locomotion between mouse- and horse-sized animals at these speeds. Speeds and stride frequencies within a trot and a gallop were measured on a treadmill in 16 species of wild and domestic quadrupeds, ranging in body size from 30 g mice to 200 kg horses. We found that the minimum, preferred and maximum sustained speeds within a trot and a

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Farley, C. T., and T. C. Ko. "Mechanics of locomotion in lizards." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 16 (1997): 2177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.16.2177.

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Lizards bend their trunks laterally with each step of locomotion and, as a result, their locomotion appears to be fundamentally different from mammalian locomotion. The goal of the present study was to determine whether lizards use the same two basic gaits as other legged animals or whether they use a mechanically unique gait due to lateral trunk bending. Force platform and kinematic measurements revealed that two species of lizards, Coleonyx variegatus and Eumeces skiltonianus, used two basic gaits similar to mammalian walking and trotting gaits. In both gaits, the kinetic energy fluctuations

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KANSO, EVA. "Swimming due to transverse shape deformations." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 631 (July 17, 2009): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009006806.

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Balance laws are derived for the swimming of a deformable body due to prescribed shape changes and the effect of the wake vorticity. The underlying balances of momenta, though classical in nature, provide a unifying framework for the swimming of three-dimensional and planar bodies and they hold even in the presence of viscosity. The derived equations are consistent with Lighthill's reactive force theory for the swimming of slender bodies and, when neglecting vorticity, reduce to the model developed in Kanso et al. (J. Nonlinear Sci., vol. 15, 2005, p. 255) for swimming in potential flow. The l

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Baird, D. M. "Steam Locomotives and Bone-Colored Bones." Curator: The Museum Journal 28, no. 3 (1985): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2151-6952.1985.tb01545.x.

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Cheng, J.-Y., I. G. Davison, and M. E. Demont. "Dynamics and energetics of scallop locomotion." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 9 (1996): 1931–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.9.1931.

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A dynamic model for a swimming scallop was developed which integrates the mechanical properties of the hinge ligaments, valve inertia, the external fluid-flow reaction, the fluid pressure in the mantle cavity and the muscle contraction. Kinematic data were recorded for a swimming Placopecten magellanicus from high-speed film analysis. Dynamic loading experiments were performed to provide the required mechanical properties of the hinge for the same species. The swimming dynamics and energetics based on data from a 0.065 m long Placopecten magellanicus at 10 &deg;C were analyzed. The main co

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Wang, Runxiao, Wentao Zhao, Shujun Li, and Shunqi Zhang. "Influence of “J”-Curve Spring Stiffness on Running Speeds of Segmented Legs during High-Speed Locomotion." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1453713.

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Both the linear leg spring model and the two-segment leg model with constant spring stiffness have been broadly used as template models to investigate bouncing gaits for legged robots with compliant legs. In addition to these two models, the other stiffness leg spring models developed using inspiration from biological characteristic have the potential to improve high-speed running capacity of spring-legged robots. In this paper, we investigate the effects of “J”-curve spring stiffness inspired by biological materials on running speeds of segmented legs during high-speed locomotion. Mathematica

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Kim, Jong-Nam, Kathleen Mulligan, and Helen Sherk. "Simulated Optic Flow and Extrastriate Cortex. I. Optic Flow Versus Texture." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 2 (1997): 554–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.2.554.

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Kim, Jong-Nam, Kathleen Mulligan, and Helen Sherk. Simulated optic flow and extrastriate cortex. I. Optic flow versus texture. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 554–561, 1997. A locomoting observer sees a very different visual scene than an observer at rest: images throughout the visual field accelerate and expand, and they follow approximately radial outward paths from a single origin. This so-called optic flow field is presumably used for visual guidance, and it has been suggested that particular areas of visual cortex are specialized for the analysis of optic flow. In the cat, the lateral suprasylvian v

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Fournier, R. A., and J. M. Weber. "Locomotory energetics and metabolic fuel reserves of the Virginia opossum." Journal of Experimental Biology 197, no. 1 (1994): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.197.1.1.

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Marsupials have lower resting metabolic rates than placental mammals, but it is not clear whether particular species can extend this energetic advantage to locomotion. Some active marsupials have a low cost of locomotion, but other more sedentary species, such as the Virginia opossum, appear to run very inefficiently. Steady-state rates of O2 consumption (VO2) and CO2 production (VCO2) were measured at rest and during horizontal treadmill exercise in wild-caught, trained opossums. Average daily VO2 in in undisturbed animals was 7.73 +/- 0.40 ml O2 kg-1 min-1 (5.67 +/- 0.20 ml O2 kg-1 min-1 dur

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Glasheen, J. W., and T. A. McMahon. "Arms are different from legs: mechanics and energetics of human hand-running." Journal of Applied Physiology 78, no. 4 (1995): 1280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.78.4.1280.

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To determine whether nonlocomotor limbs (arms) differ from locomotor limbs (legs), we trained human subjects to run on their hands while supporting a fraction of their body weight. We wanted to know whether the low cost of force production and the speed-independent limb stiffness of locomotor limbs were characteristics associated with locomotion or were inherent properties of all limbs. We found that the limb stiffness of the human arm increases by 135% over less than a fourfold range in peak vertical force. In contrast, human legs and a variety of other mammalian locomotor limbs maintain a co

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SUZUKI, Satoshi, Masahiro YOSHII, Hiroki NAKANISHI, et al. "Evaluation of the tether based locomotion using image processing in the REX-J mission." Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 81, no. 824 (2015): 14–00298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.14-00298.

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Joseph, Jack. "Neurological Control of Locomotion." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 27, no. 6 (2008): 822–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1985.tb03810.x.

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Misiaszek, John E., and Keir G. Pearson. "Stretch of Quadriceps Inhibits the Soleus H Reflex During Locomotion in Decerebrate Cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 6 (1997): 2975–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.6.2975.

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Misiaszek, John E. and Keir G. Pearson. Stretch of quadriceps inhibits the soleus H reflex during locomotion in decerebrate cats. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2975–2984, 1997. Previously, it has been demonstrated that afferent signals from the quadriceps muscles can suppress H reflexes in humans during passive movements of the leg. To establish whether afferent input from quadriceps contributes to the modulation of the soleus H reflex during locomotion, the soleus H reflex was conditioned with stretches of the quadriceps muscle during bouts of spontaneous treadmill locomotion in decerebrate cats. We h

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Weatherbee, James A. "Cell Locomotion in Vitro: Techniques and Observations. C. A. Middleton , J. A. Sharp." Quarterly Review of Biology 60, no. 2 (1985): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/414335.

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Dailey, Thomas V., and N. Thompson Hobbs. "Travel in alpine terrain: energy expenditures for locomotion by mountain goats and bighorn sheep." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 10 (1989): 2368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-335.

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We used indirect calorimetry to measure energy expenditure for locomotion by three mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) and five bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in response to variation in level of activity, slope of travel, and snow conditions. The energetic increment of standing over lying averaged 26% for the two species. We could detect no difference between species in the net cost of travel on level surfaces [Formula: see text]. Energy expended by bighorn sheep and mountain goats for lifting 1 kg of body weight one vertical metre on a 21.5° slope (ca. 37 J/(kg∙m)) exceeded the highest cos

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Koch, Severine, Rob W. Holland, Maikel Hengstler, and Ad van Knippenberg. "Body Locomotion as Regulatory Process." Psychological Science 20, no. 5 (2009): 549–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02342.x.

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