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1
Hellevik, Ottar. "Ja-siing som problem i intervjuundersøkelser." Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning 61, no. 03 (August 24, 2020): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn.1504-291x-2020-03-04.
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Yevarouski, Valery. "SEARCHINGS AFTER THE COGNITIVE CENTRE (THE CASE OF BELARUS)." CREATIVITY STUDIES 3, no. 1 (October 14, 2010): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/limes.2010.02.
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The article presents the comparative analysis of the process of construction of a new cultural space with its specific history and its cognitive geography, securing a firm, which foots the intrinsic centre. Belarusian cognitive map in particular and the Eastern European one in general have their own specifics of a description of social reality. Particularly, philosophical discourse is usually used here as a main way of interaction between subject and social reality. First of all, the presentation aims at an investigation of the emergence of the Belarusian cognitive center through the writings of national intellectual history. This article intends to present the conceptual analysis of our recent attempts to re‐conceptualize and to line up the contemporary Belarusian national space with related “big picture” of Belarusian thought. Tyrinėjimai pagal kognityvinį centrą (Baltarusijos atvejis) Santrauka Straipsnyje pristatoma naujos kultūrinės erdvės konstravimo proceso komparatyvistinė analizė ir kognityvinė geografija, įtvirtinant ir apsaugant jai būdingą vidinį centrą. Baltarusijos kognityvinis žemėlapis konkrečiai ir Rytų Europos žemėlapis apskritai pasižymi specifiniu socialinės realybės atvaizdavimu. Filosofinis diskursas šiuo atveju paprastai pasitelkiamas kaip pagrindinis subjekto ir socialinės realybės sąveikavimo būdas. Straipsnio tikslas – pirma, pristatyti Baltarusijos kognityvinio centro iškilimą per nacionalinės intelektualiosios istorijos rašymą. Antra, aptarti nūdienių pastangų iš naujo konceptualizuoti ir apibrėžti Baltarusijos nacionalinę erdvę bei su ja susijusio baltarusiškosios minties „didžiojo paveikslo“ analizę.
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Rosenberg, Tiit, and Priit Pirsko. "Ajaloolane ja arhiivinduse professor Aadu Must - 65 [Historian and professor of Archival Studies Aadu Must - 65]." Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal, no. 2 (September 8, 2016): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/aa.2016.2.01.
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Aadu Must, an Estonian politician and the University of Tartu’s first Professor of Archival Studies, turned 65 on 25 March. When he went to study history at Tartu State University in 1973, Must initially proceeded along the paths of settlement history under the supervision of Professor Herbert Ligi. Over the years, the range of topics that he has dealt with has grown a great deal, encompassing family and local neighbourhood history, the colonial policy of the tsarist empire and Soviet repressions, the Estonian diaspora and Baltic German compatriots, and much more. After completing his basic university education, Must became Professor Ligi’s assistant at the university, a lecturer at the Department of General History, and later senior lecturer (1976–87). The history of the factory and town of Sindi, located in the vicinity of his home in Pärnu County, emerged at the centre of his attention, culminating in the completion of a monograph on this subject in 1985. At the end of the 1980’s, Must actively set about having his say in the ensuing political struggle, participating first in the Estonian Popular Front. He also worked for six months in Stockholm in 1991, setting up the Republic of Estonia’s information bureau there, which developed into Estonia’s embassy when the country’s independence was restored. Upon his return from Stockholm, he continued his usual work as a university lecturer while also continuing to participate in politics as time permitted, this time as a member of the Estonian Royalist Party. Since 1996, Must has been active primarily as a leading member of Estonia’s Centre Party, serving as a member of its council and board of directors, and as head of the party’s Tartu section. Must has also served as chairman of Tartu’s municipal council in 2002–07, 2009–11 and 2013–15. The intervening time periods have also included work in the Estonian Parliament, where he has served primarily on the cultural commission. At the same time, he has consistently continued his work at the university, where he built up and headed the Chair of Archival Science (1993–2014) and also served as head of the University of Tartu History Department in the interval 2004–06. In the 1990’s he completed a monograph of Estonian family names, which was issued on CD-ROM as an electronic publication (Corpus Nominum Gentilium Estonicorum). Aadu Must subsequently wrote out his broad knowledge and experiences of the study of family and local neighbourhood history in systematised form, publishing in the year Sources for the Family History of Estonians, a book providing instruction on historical sources. A new, updated edition of this book with a somewhat more popular and less academic approach (Handbook for the Researcher of Family History) was published in 2014. In the 1990’s, Must also began researching the repressive policies of the Soviet regime. Of his students, Aigi Rahi-Tamm defended her doctoral degree in 2004 (Post-Second World War Mass Repressions in Estonia: Sources and State of Research), Lea Leppik defended her dissertation in 2006 (Social Mobility of Employees of the University of Tartu in 1802–1918), and Indrek Paavle defended his doctoral dissertation in 2009 (Sovietisation of Local Administration in Estonia 1940–1950). Aadu Must is without a doubt the prime expert on Estonia’s archives and on archives concerning Estonians. As a historian and professor of archival studies, he has always been concerned by the condition of archives and access to historical sources. As a politician, he has time and again stressed the importance of the archive as an attribute of state. Must was one of the persons who drafted Estonia’s Archives Act. The gathering of material related to Estica in both the east and the west, however, has become his biggest project. This undertaking that has expanded from its initial form as the history of the fate of repressed Estonians to the current more general research of the diaspora of Estonians and persons from Estonia in the former Russian and Soviet empires has taken him to archives in St. Petersburg, Novgorod, Pskov, Tomsk, Omsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Vladivostok, Kazakhstan and elsewhere in Russia. All of this has placed an extensive base of sources at his disposal for planning and carrying out large-scale research projects. In recent years, many substantial studies have started emerging from Must’s pen on the history of Estonian settlers and settlements, Estonians who made careers in Russia, and Baltic German compatriots who shaped the Russian Empire’s colonial policy. Starting up the Kleio periodical for historians in 1988 is also part of the enumeration of A. Must’s accomplishments. Ten years later, Kleio restored itself as the successor of the Ajalooline Ajakiri (Estonian Historical Journal) that was first started up in 1922. Must was also part of the group that relaunched the Akadeemiline Ajalooselts (Academic Historical Society), which had been shut down in 1940.
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Vartazarova, L., and I. Kobrinskaya. "Development of EU-China Relations: Expert Opinions and Forecasts, Risks and Opportunities for Russia." Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, no. 2 (2021): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/afij-2021-2-57-70.
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On November 30, 2021 the online Situation Analysis organized by the Center of Situation Analysis of the IMEMO RAS and devoted to the range of problems of the European Union and China relations to date took place. The major factors affecting the development of these relations were identified and analyzed, including the position of the US and the global economic and political trends. The experts participating in the Situation Analysis came to a conclusion that there is a transition of the EU-China relations into the phase of a more rigid and pragmatic interaction, limited by the parties' interests and by mutual wariness and lack of trust. The situation is further aggravated by the US strategic orientation towards preventing China from taking leadership in the Asia-Pacific region and the world. At the same time, the EU strategy towards China will likely be a compromise, taking into account the interests of the Member States. Expansion of the EU practice of sanctions pressure on China can also be expected. For Russia, the main challenge would be to keep a balance in its relations with the EU and the rising partner China. The expert analysis and the publication's conclusions can be also useful as a basis for the verification of forecasting studies. The experts of the Center of Situation Analysis, Center of Asia Pacific Studies, Center of North American Studies, Center of European Studies, Department of European Political Studies, Center of Development and Modernization Studies and the Laboratory 'Center of the Middle East Studies' of the IMEMO took part in the discussion and presented their notes that formed the basis of this publication: V.G. Baranovsky, O.V. Bogaevskaya, L.S. Vartazarova, K.R. Voda, K.A. Gemueva, A.A. Davydov, I.V. Danilin, E.A. Desiatsky, S.S. Dmitriev, V.Yu. Zhuravleva, I.E. Ibragimov, Yu.D. Kvashnin, E.V. Kirichenko, S.A. Kislitsyn, I. Ja. Kobrinskaya, A.V. Lomanov, S.A. Lukonin, V.V. Mikheev, M.V. Sadovnikova, N.Yu. Surkov, P.P. Timofeev, S.V. Utkin, A.N. Fedorovskiy, B.E. Frumkin, Е.S.Khesin, V.G. Shvydko. The review of the Situation Analysis was prepared by Ludmila S. Vartazarova, Doct. Sci. (Econ.), Chief Researcher of the Group of Analysis of the Current Economic Problems of the IMEMO RAS (vls38@mail.ru, ORCID: 0000-0001-7804-1169) and Irina Ya. Kobrinskaya, Cand. Sci. (Hist.), Head of the Center of Situational Analysis, IMEMO RAS. (psifoundation@imemo.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-4419-0681).
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Lee, Yong Kwon. "Acoustic Characteristics of the Glide /j/ and Vowel /i/ in Russian." Korean Association of Slavic Languages 27, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30530/jsl.2022.27.2.1.
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This purpose of this study is to examine the acoustic characteristics of Russian glide /j/ and vowel /i/ through the size of the cross-sectional area of constriction of these sounds. First, the structural difference between /j/ and /i/ is investigated through the tube model of the source-filter theory, and then the F1 and size of the cross-sectional area of constriction of the two sounds is obtained through the pronunciation of a Russian native speaker, and based on these data, I tried to suggest the acoustic characteristics of the Russian glide /j/, which is distinct from the vowel /i/. According to the tube model of the source-filt theory, the glide /j/ and vowel /i/ belong to the threetube model, and unlike the vowel /i/, the glide /j/ has a catenoid shape, indicating the transition process of the glide /j/. And looking at the F1 of the /i/ and /j/ revealed in the table 2 and 3, the size of F1 decreases as the volume of the posterior cavity increases in both sounds, but it can be confirmed that the F1 of /i/ is higher than /j/ at the same location. Unlike the vowel /i/, the F1 of the glide /j/ has different sizes depending on the following vowel /e, a, o, u/, so it is reasonable to examine them by series /je, ja, jo, ju/. For Russian female speakers, it can be seen that the average F1 of the vowel /i/ is 380 Hz, and the average F1 of the glide /j/ is 271.40 Hz in /je/, 318.93 Hz in /ja/, 261.47 Hz in /jo/, and 241.13 Hz in /ju/. And it was found that the size of the cross-sectional area of constriction of the Russian vowel /i/ is 0.351 cm2, and that of the glide /j/ is 0.152 cm2 in the /je/, 0.256 cm2 in the /ja/, 0.133 cm2 in /jo/, and 0.095 cm2 in the /ju/ series. Since the size of the cross-sectional area of the constriction of the glide /j/ is smaller than that of the vowel /i/, it can be said that the Russian glide /j/ is out of scope of the vowel, and considering that the size of the supraglottal constriction of the unvoiced fricatives /s/ and /š/ is 0.05 to 0.15 cm2, it was found that the size of the cross-sectional area of the constriction of the glide /j/ of the /je/, /jo/, and /ju/ series, has an acoustic characteristic close to that of a Russian fricative. And it was found that the fricative phenomenon caused by the narrow constriction of the glide /j/ is well reflected in the waveform and spectrogram of the glide /j/, and in the sound wave of the Russian glide /j/, a non-periodic sound wave of turbulent noise is seen, in addition to thiese, F1 cutback, partial peach cutback, and the relatively weak intensity of the turbulent noise portion were also observed in the Russian glide /j/.
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Yousafzai, Abdul Wahab. "POLITICAL POLARIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH: WHERE DO WE STAND?" KHYBER MEDICAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.22777.
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Political and social polarization is the division of people in to distinct groups with contrasting viewpoints and minimum likelihood to converge on a uniform agenda. It has varied connotations in the field of social science. However, the given political climate of polarization and its impact on mental health, it is imperative to focus the issue in a scientific way. Furthermore, in recent years the situation has been made more volatile and complicated by social media amplifications with greater effects on psychosocial well-being of people. There is plenty of literature, suggesting that polarization is widely perceived as a loss or gain of social status, which has a direct link with psychological disorders.1
There is scarcity of research in developing world about the psychosocial effects of polarization. Most of the research looking at the psychological adverse implications of this phenomenon has been carried out in the west. For example, a study conducted by Smith KB, reported that adverse effects of recent American polarization in politics and contrasting political views on psychosocial well-being were not less than a public health concern, leading to damaged friendships, persistent fatigue and even suicidal behavior in significant number of population.2
Similarly, the stress associated with political disagreements has the add-on effect on psychosocial well-being of people holding diverse political views leading to deleterious effect on mental and physical health. The harming effects of political polarization is a known perpetuating stressor, cluttering society and traversing daily life through media, various internet platforms and persisting news feed.3 Additionally, the American Psychological Association identified politics as a major source of stress for American adults.4
The findings of a recently conducted survey showed that nearly 40% Americans reported that they were stressed out because of politics and nearly 20% had lost sleep due to the effects of social upheaval and almost same number were tired of political news.5 In addition to psychological consequences political stress, French JA et al, reported increased blood cortisol, increased skin conductance and decreased testosterone levels in people engaging in emotionally draining political debates.6
It’s equally, important to understand the mechanism through which the polarized politics harm the psychological health, and how it should be managed in order to ward off its deleterious consequences? The mechanism is well understood that people can’t isolate themselves from politics bearing in mind the vast array of information feed on daily basis. Secondly, as part of human society one can’t get away with social network and individual identity. As far the negative effects are concerned, they, permeate through various means, irrespective of people being either actively involved in politics or passive only observer. For, instance, the harassment, bullying, grandstanding attitude on social media is not uncommon while personal political debates, demeaning comments and its association with psychosocial sickness is well documented.7
The cult indoctrination is another distressing phenomenon, where the leaders coerce the followers through persuasions, thoughts reformation and brainwashing leading to immense suffering of exposed population to such condition, at times along with their family, friends and community at large.8 There is large body of research pointing towards the abusive effects of cultic politics and its adverse emotional consequences. The psychological damages perpetrated by cultic indoctrination, fake and occult information have been extensively reported in scientific publications over the last many years.9
Pakistan is a South Asian Muslim country of more than 220 million population with relatively unstable political history and abysmal socio-economic and health indicators. Mental health statistics are staggering with a wide treatment gap and no dedicated budgetary allocation of annual gross domestic product (GDP).10
In addition to the existing heavy burden of mental health issues and traditional entrenched religious intolerance in Pakistan, the recent wave of political intolerance has polarized the society to an unprecedented level. This wave of political polarization has permeated into all stratums of society, with sporadic reports of violence, which is likely to deteriorate further in the presence of unregulated and excessive use of social media. The widespread consumption of social media reports without verification of its authenticity could be one of the sources of social and political polarization which may cause further deterioration in near future.11
Regrettably, the young population constitute about 60% of the Pakistani population has been found to be affected more easily by the polarized environment in the country, which otherwise should be the most productive segment of society. As a matter of fact, depriving them of critical thinking and ability to formulate and ask appropriate questions tantamount to a huge social capital loss. Scientific literature shows that younger population is more impressionable and highly vulnerable to become radicalized easily in a polarized a society, unfortunately, Pakistan is not an exception, currently a fertile ground to support the growth of such tendencies.12 The recent published reports in lay press pointing to a shocking situation of violence in various part of the country due to political rivalry and contrasting posts on social media.
The vulnerability of people being affected psychologically by political polarization has been reported extensively by previously published research. Various reports indicate that perpetuating exposure to political stress is associated with increased rates of psychiatric disorders like anxiety, depression and even suicidal behavior.1
Similarly, mental health professionals are also facing the dilemma of unfriendly environment generated around politics, which highlights the need for further training to deal with such issues without being judgmental or biased in clinical setting.13
It is the right time that scientific community, social scientists, political and religious opinion makers open a dialogue to raise awareness about the possible causes and devastating effects of polarization on the society. Country like ours with entrenched religious intolerance, economical inequalities, social disparity and alarming mental health statistics can’t afford to get plunged into yet another social and psychological chaos in the background heated polarized political discourse. We need to encourage our younger generation to be more tolerant and equipped with critical thinking to meet the social challenges with grace and scientific reasoning in order to ward off the impending onslaught of polarization, radicalization and psychosocial sickness. There is dire need to bring back the lost political sanity and put a full stop to the rising psychosocial turmoil in Pakistan.
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Koshan, Jennifer. "R v JA." Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 30, no. 2 (August 2018): 323–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.30.2.06.
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Pentz, Mary Ann, David Mares, Steve Schinke, and Louise Ann Rohrbach. "Political Science, Public Policy, and Drug Use Prevention." Substance Use & Misuse 39, no. 10-12 (January 2004): 1821–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ja-200033226.
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Nérard, François-Xavier. "Sof´ja A. Čujkina, Dvorjanskaja pamjat´." Cahiers du monde russe 48, no. 48/4 (December 2, 2007): 705–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/monderusse.6077.
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Lavonen, Jari. "How the Finnish compulsory school science curriculum emphasises scientific literacy." Eesti Haridusteaduste Ajakiri. Estonian Journal of Education 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/eha.2021.9.2.02a.
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Soome põhikooli ülemise astme riiklikus õppekavas käsitletakse loodusaineid eraldi õppeainetena. Õppekava keskendub hoiakute kujundamisele, mis toetavad teaduslike teadmiste kasutamist erisugustes uurimuslikes olukordades ja kontekstides. Õppekava kohaselt on loodusainete õpetamise eesmärk anda õpilastele loodusteaduslik pädevus, mis võimaldab neil teaduslikele teadmistele tuginedes kirjeldada, selgitada ja prognoosida loodusnähtusi, märgata ja määratleda elukeskkonnas esinevaid probleeme ning tõlgendada andmeid ja tõendusmaterjale. Õppekavas pannakse suurt rõhku ülekantavate pädevuste omandamisele, näiteks kriitilise ja loova mõtlemisoskuse ning mitmekesiste töötamisviiside omandamisele. Õppekava keskendub ka omandatud teadmiste kasutamisele uurimistöös ning elulistes ja ühiskondlikes olukordades. Üldiselt püütakse loodusainete õpetamise peamise eesmärgi kirjeldamisel ühendada Robertsi esimest visiooni (kontseptuaalne lähenemine) teise visiooniga (kontekstipõhine lähenemine), millega saavutatakse loodusteadusliku kirjaoskuse areng.
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Aukee, Ranja. "Kansalaisuus ja kansanterveys [Citizenship and Public Health]." International Sociology 21, no. 3 (May 2006): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580906063026.
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Tillonen, Mia, and Johan Edelheim. "Matkailun korkeakoulutuksen henkeä etsimässä." Matkailututkimus 18, no. 1 (September 8, 2022): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33351/mt.113507.
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Suomessa matkailun korkeakoulutasoista opetusta järjestetään viidessätoista oppilaitoksessa. Yhteensä 35 alemman ja ylemmän tason tutkintoa on tarjolla ammattikorkeakouluissa ja yliopistoissa suomeksi, ruotsiksi ja englanniksi. Monet koulutusohjelmat muistuttavat toisiaan, mutta osalla niistä on näkyvissä selkeämmin oma profiili, henki ja arvomaailma, jonka pohjalta opiskelijoita opetetaan. Artikkelissa tutkimme näitä koulutusohjelmia käyttäen Jafarin (1990) koroketeoriaa ja sen viimeaikaisia kehityssuuntia. Laadullisen tutkimuksemme tavoite on valaista, mille arvopohjalle matkailun korkeakoulukoulutus Suomessa rakentuu ja millaisen hengen tämä luo matkailun tuleviin ammattilaisiin. Tuloksissa esitämme kuvan nykytilanteesta, joka kapitalistisen realismin muovaamana keskittyy liiketaloudelliseen kasvumentaliteettiin, eettisyyden ja henkisyyden kustannuksella. Artikkelimme johtopäätöksissä avaamme keskustelun Suomen matkailun korkeakoulutuksen tulevaisuudesta, ja esitämme niin matkailun kouluttajille kuin tutkijoille kysymyksiä siitä, miten matkailun koulutuksen toivotaan kehittyvän.
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Kaplinski, Jaan, and Fiona Sampson. "Summers and Springs (from Mitu Suve ja Kevadet)." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 25, no. 3 (July 2000): 411–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030437540002500315.
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Kippola-Pääkkönen, Anu, Aila Järvikoski, and Kristiina Härkäpää. "ICF ja käyttäytymisen muutosteoriat kuntoutuksessa." Kuntoutus 45, no. 3 (October 12, 2022): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37451/kuntoutus.122240.
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Toimintakyvyn, toimintarajoitteiden ja terveyden kansainvälinen luokitus (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, ICF) tarjoaa eri ammattiryhmien käyttöön soveltuvan biopsykososiaalisen viitekehyksen ja luokitusjärjestelmän toimintakyvyn arviointiin ja kuvaamiseen. Kuntoutuksessa ja kuntoutumisprosessissa tavoitellaan usein myönteistä muutosta ihmisen toimintakykyyn ja selviytymiseen. Muutosteorioilla pyritään selittämään sitä, kuinka ja millaisin keinoin muutosta saadaan aikaan ja millaisia yksilöön ja ympäristöön liittyviä mekanismeja muutosten taustalla on vaikuttamassa. Tässä katsauksessa kuvataan ICF-viitekehyksen ja luokitusjärjestelmän käyttöä sekä keskeisiä käyttäytymisen muutosteorioita ja niiden hyödyntämistä kuntoutuksessa. Eri lähestymistapojen integrointi voi tarjota lisäymmärrystä arkisten kuntoutusinterventioiden toimeenpanoon ja toteutukseen sekä osaltaan edistää vaikuttavampaa kuntoutusta.
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Laamanen, Susanna, and Juhana Venäläinen. "Matkailun affektiivisuus 2010-luvun suomalaisessa populaarimusiikissa." Matkailututkimus 18, no. 1 (September 8, 2022): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33351/mt.112020.
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Artikkelissa analysoidaan matkailun affektiivisuuden kuvauksia 2010-luvun suomenkielisessä populaarimusiikissa. Tarkastelu kohdistuu lauluihin, jotka kertovat ulkomaille suuntautuvasta vapaa-ajan matkailusta niin toteutuneiden kuin toteutumattomienkin matkojen myötä. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on lisätä ymmärrystä suomalaisessa populaarimusiikissa esitetyistä matkailutarinoista, niiden muutoksesta ja yhteydestä nykyhetkeen. Lauluilla on mahdollisuus tuoda esiin matkailuun liittyviä tunteita, kokemuksia ja trendejä, sanallistaa matkailun maailmaa yhteisesti jaettavaksi. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu 84:stä hakusanapohjaisesti kerätystä kappaleesta, jotka edustavat niin tunnettujen kuin indie-artistien tuotantoa. Teoriaohjaava sisällönanalyysi kohdistui ensisijaisesti laulujen lyriikoihin, mutta tarkastelussa huomioitiin myös kappaleiden sävellys, sovitus ja genre tarinoiden rakentajina. Matkailun affektiivisuutta jäsennettiin neljän analyysissa tunnistetun tunnesävyn, pakenemisen, yltäkylläisyyden, muistelun ja jäämisen avulla. Analyysissä kappaleet kiinnitettiin yhteen leimallisimpaan tunnesävyyn, mutta laulujen tarinoissa eri tunnesävyt voivat myös liukua päällekkäin ja sulautua yhteen. Määrällisesti eniten lauluissa matkailu kiinnittyi pakenemiseen, joka näyttäytyi karnevalismina, levon tarpeena sekä eskapismina arjesta ja kotimaan ilmastosta. Nomadisuuteen ja kosmopoliittisuuteen kiinnittyvä yltäkylläisyys rakensi lauluissa uudenlaista matkailukuvastoa rajattoman ja pröystäilevän matkailun muodossa. Muistelun tunnesävy näyttäytyi kappaleissa erityisesti menneeseen parisuhteeseen ja yhteiseen matkakokemukseen liittyvänä omaelämäkerrallisuutena. Jäämisen tunnesävy esitettiin lauluissa niin köyhyyteen, ilmastonmuutokseen, kotiseuturakkauteen kuin matkailun keskiluokkaisuuden kritiikkiin liittyvien tarinoiden avulla. 2010-luvun suomalaisen populaarimusiikin matkailukappaleet ovat monilta osin jatkumoa edellisten vuosikymmenten laulujen matkakuvastolle, mutta mukana on myös uusia matkailun kasvuun ja arkipäiväistymiseen liittyviä esityksiä sekä matkailun kestävyyden sosiaalista ja ekologista kritiikkiä.
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Marionneau, Virve, and Johanna Järvinen-Tassopoulos. "Suomi ja Venäjän rahapelimarkkinat." Idäntutkimus 28, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33345/idantutkimus.110175.
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Rajaseuduille sijoittunut rahapelitoiminta on kansainvälisesti yleistä, mutta Suomessa rahapelien vienti rajojen yli on ollut vähäistä. Käsittelemme tässä artikkelissa Suomesta Venäjälle suuntautunutta rahapelitarjontaa 1990-luvulta tähän päivään aiemman kirjallisuuden ja olemassa olevan tilastoaineiston valossa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on kuvata, millaista rahapelitarjonta Suomesta Venäjälle ja venäläisille on ollut, ja millaiset poliittiset ja taloudelliset seikat ovat vaikuttaneet tähän suhteeseen. Tarkastelu jaksottuu kolmeen ajanjaksoon, jotka liittyvät etenkin venäläisen rahapelijärjestelmän muutoksiin sääntelytasolla, ja suomalaisten rahapelitoimijoiden mahdollisuuksiin. Näitä ovat venäläisten rahapelimarkkinoiden kasvuaika 1990-luvulla, vuoden 2006 rahapeliuudistuksen rajoittama markkinaympäristö ja uusien markkinoiden synty sekä vuoden 2014 jälkeinen aika, johon on liittynyt niin ruplan romahtaminen kuin koronapandemian tuomat haasteet matkailulle
Finland and the Russian gambling market
Gambling operations in border regions are common internationally, but Finnish cross-border gambling offers have been scarce. This paper discusses how Finnish gambling operators have attempted to access the Russian market since the 1990s, based on previous literature and existing statistical information. The aim is to describe whether and how Finnish actors have exported gambling to Russia or Russians, and what kind of political and economic factors have influenced the commercial relationship. The analysis focuses on three periods determined by regulatory changes in Russian gambling and the related possibilities for the Finnish gambling offer. These are the growth period of the 1990s, the restrictive gambling law of 2006 and the new market environment, and the period starting from 2014 characterised by challenges to tourism and business following the financial crisis and the coronavirus pandemic.
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Hin�ber, Oskar. "P?lisamaya und Sanskritsam?ja." Indo-Iranian Journal 29, no. 3 (July 1986): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00959108.
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Andrew, Mandy, Ines García-Sánchez, Anne Hendry, and Cinzia Giammarchi. "Face up to frailty - advantage ja." International Journal of Integrated Care 19, no. 4 (August 8, 2019): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.s3223.
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Bräuninger, Thomas, Franz Urban Pappi, and Anna-Sophie Kurella. "Ja. Die Mehrheitswahlkomponente sollte gestärkt werden. Eine Replik." Politische Vierteljahresschrift 61, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11615-019-00214-5.
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Stenberg, Johanna, Minna Parkkila, Johanna Nukari, and Erja Poutiainen. "Työttömyysuhanalaisten nuorten ja aikuisten oppimisen vaikeudet, rinnakkaiset mielenterveyden ongelmat, opiskelu ja hyvinvointi." Kuntoutus 45, no. 4 (December 14, 2022): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37451/kuntoutus.125399.
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Väestössä hyvin yleiset oppimisen ja mielenterveyden haasteet heikentävät nuorten ja aikuisten hyvinvointia ja mahdollisuuksia suoriutua opinnoista ja työllistyä. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin kehityksellisten oppimisen vaikeuksien ohella mahdollisesti esiintyvien mielenterveysongelmien yhteyttä koulupolun aikaiseen ja jälkeiseen elämään vertaamalla vain oppimisen vaikeuksia omaavien ja oppimisen vaikeuksien ohella mielenterveyden ongelmia raportoivien antamia tietoja opiskelusta ja hyvinvoinnista toisiinsa. Aineisto (n = 137) koostuu vuosina 2014–2017 NUTTU – Nuoret tuella työelämään -hankkeeseen ohjautuneista työttömistä tai työttömyysuhanalaisista nuorista ja aikuisista, joilla oli todettavissa kehityksellinen oppimisen vaikeus (esim. lukivaikeus). Arvioita opiskelusta ja hyvinvoinnista kartoitettiin strukturoidulla haastattelulla ja tuloksia vertailtiin sen mukaan, oliko henkilö raportoinut oppimisen vaikeuden ohella diagnosoidun mielenterveyden häiriön vai ei. Yhtäaikaisia oppimisen ja mielenterveyden haasteita kokevilla oli itsearvioiden mukaan enemmän ajankohtaista pitkäaikaistyöttömyyttä, jo ala-asteella koettuja vaikeuksia, toisen asteen opintojen keskeytymisiä, nukkumisen ongelmia, syömisen epäsäännöllisyyttä, huumekokeiluja ja itsetuhoisuutta kuin heillä, joilla tunnistettiin ainoastaan oppimisen vaikeuksia. Odotetusti vain oppimisen vaikeuksia omaavilla oli harvemmin säännöllinen lääkitys tai psykiatrinen hoitokontakti. Aiempiin tutkimuksiin sopien oppimisen vaikeuksien rinnalla esiintyvä mielenterveyden häiriö näyttäisi korostavan opinnoissa ja hyvinvoinnissa koettuja haasteita suhteessa tilanteeseen, jossa on pelkästään oppimisen vaikeuksia.
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Šarapov, Valeri. "Sürja traditsioon Põhja-Venemaa ja Siberi käsitöönduses ja rahvakunstis." Eesti Rahva Muuseumi aastaraamat 63, no. 1 (October 21, 2021): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33302/ermar-2020-004.
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The article deals with the term “Zyryanskoe” in the traditional designations of the material objects and art technologies among the people who live in the boundary territories with Komi-Zyryan’s. The article considers the ethnographic material that was gathered under the research project “The nomadic ornament: ethnic identity in the ornamental tradition of Izhma and Nenets reindeer herders”. The article is based on the published and contemporary field data. The author supposes that widely spread “Zyryan designations” among the Northern Russian, Nenets and Ob-Ugric people is the result of the high level of development and uniqueness of some traditional technologies of Komi-Zyryan. Also, this article presents recent field data on the ornamental tradition in the technique of decorating fur products among those modern Izhma Komi and Nenets, who live together in reindeer-herding settlements of the Nenets and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. The article discusses the ideas of Komi and Nenets masters about what represents the ethnic and cultural specifics in the artistic decoration of fur products. Also, this article focuses on the question of the reasons for loss of ethnic identity in the modern arts and crafts of the Komi. Special attention is paid to how Komi ethnicity is visualized in modern folk art. Finally the possibility of a correct translation of the ethnocultural heritage in the works of modern masters of Komi Republic is discussed.
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Kotiranta, Heidi, and Sinikka Hiekkala. "Erityistä ja vaativaa erityistä tukea tarvitsevien nuorten työllistymistilanne ammatillisesta koulutuksesta valmistumisen jälkeen." Kuntoutus 45, no. 4 (December 14, 2022): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37451/kuntoutus.125400.
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Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää erityistä ja vaativaa erityistä tukea tarvitsevien nuorten arkea, kyvykkyyksiä ja työllistymistilannetta puoli vuotta ammatillisesta koulutuksesta valmistumisen jälkeen. Tutkimus tehtiin osana ESR-rahoitteista Tulevaisuuden työelämän starat -hanketta (2019 - 2022). Nuoret jakautuivat interventioryhmään (n = 23) sekä verrokkiryhmään (n = 19) sen perusteella, olivatko he osallistuneet hankkeessa kehitettyihin, työelämälähtöisiin oppisisältöihin. Nuoret vastasivat kahteen sähköiseen kyselyyn, josta ensimmäinen täytettiin valmistumisen kynnyksellä ja toinen noin puolen vuoden kuluttua valmistumisesta. Kysely muodostettiin taustakysymyksistä, esimerkiksi ikä ja koulutusala, oppisisältöihin liittyvistä kysymyksistä, esimerkiksi opintoihin kuuluneet oppisisällöt sekä Kykyviisarin ja Elämäntilanteen selvittämisen ympyrän kysymyksistä. Interventio- ja verrokkiryhmän välillä ei ollut tilastollisesti merkitsevää eroa puolen vuoden kuluttua valmistumisesta kyvykkyyksissä, elämäntilanteessa tai työtilanteessa. Pitkittäistarkastelussa tapahtui positiivinen muutos toimeentulossa ja rahankäytössä, muutoin tilastollisesti merkitseviä eroja ei ollut ensimmäisen ja toisen kyselyn välillä. Nuoret kokivat työelämässä oppimisen kehittäneen heidän työskentelytaitojaan ja auttaneen arvioimaan itseä työntekijänä muiden työntekijöiden kanssa työskentelyn kautta. Lisäksi työpaikkaohjaajan ja/tai opettajan tuki työpaikalla auttoi nuorta suoriutumaan paremmin.
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Poudel, Arati N., Rebekah E. Holtsclaw, Athen Kimberlin, Sidharth Sen, Shuai Zeng, Trupti Joshi, Zhentian Lei, et al. "12-Hydroxy-Jasmonoyl-l-Isoleucine Is an Active Jasmonate That Signals through CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 and Contributes to the Wound Response in Arabidopsis." Plant and Cell Physiology 60, no. 10 (May 31, 2019): 2152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcz109.
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Abstract 12-hydroxy-jasmonoyl-isoleucine (12OH-JA-Ile) is a metabolite in the catabolic pathway of the plant hormone jasmonate, and is synthesized by the cytochrome P450 subclade 94 enzymes. Contrary to the well-established function of jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) as the endogenous bioactive form of jasmonate, the function of 12OH-JA-Ile is unclear. Here, the potential role of 12OH-JA-Ile in jasmonate signaling and wound response was investigated. Exogenous application of 12OH-JA-Ile mimicked several JA-Ile effects including marker gene expression, anthocyanin accumulation and trichome induction in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genome-wide transcriptomics and untargeted metabolite analyses showed large overlaps between those affected by 12OH-JA-Ile and JA-Ile. 12OH-JA-Ile signaling was blocked by mutation in CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1. Increased anthocyanin accumulation by 12OH-JA-Ile was additionally observed in tomato and sorghum, and was disrupted by the COI1 defect in tomato jai1 mutant. In silico ligand docking predicted that 12OH-JA-Ile can maintain many of the key interactions with COI1-JAZ1 residues identified earlier by crystal structure studies using JA-Ile as ligand. Genetic alternation of jasmonate metabolic pathways in Arabidopsis to deplete both JA-Ile and 12OH-JA-Ile displayed enhanced jasmonate deficient wound phenotypes and was more susceptible to insect herbivory than that depleted in only JA-Ile. Conversely, mutants overaccumulating 12OH-JA-Ile showed intensified wound responses compared with wild type with similar JA-Ile content. These data are indicative of 12OH-JA-Ile functioning as an active jasmonate signal and contributing to wound and defense response in higher plants.
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Ketola, Markus. "Jätkät ja jytkyt–Perussuomalaiset ja populismin retoriikka [Blokes and Bombshells: True Finns and Populist Rhetoric]." Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 26, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537113.2020.1751395.
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Koskenvuo, Karoliina, Hanna Rinne, and Jenni Blomgren. "Nuoren kuntoutusrahaa saavat ovat usein myös muiden etuuksien ja sosiaali- ja terveyspalvelujen saajia." Kuntoutus 45, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37451/kuntoutus.120023.
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Nuoren kuntoutusrahaa maksetaan 16–19-vuotiaille, joiden työ- tai opiskelukyky tai ammatin valitsemisen mahdollisuudet ovat olennaisesti heikentyneet ja joilla on tarve tehostetulle kuntoutukselle eli erityisille tukitoimille. Nuoren kuntoutusrahaa maksetaan opiskelun tai muun työelämään tähtäävän kuntoutuksen ajalta. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kuvata nuoren kuntoutusrahaa saaneiden sosiaaliturvaetuuksien ja sosiaali- ja terveyspalvelujen käyttöä monipuolisella rekisteriaineistolla ja tarkastella sitä, miten nuoren kuntoutusrahaa saaneiden etuuksien ja palvelujen käyttö eroaa muista saman ikäisistä nuorista. Tutkimuksessa hyödynnetään rekisteriaineistoa Oulussa vuoden 2018 ajan asuneista. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat, että nuoren kuntoutusrahaa saaneilla muiden sosiaaliturvaan kuuluvien etuuksien ja palvelujen käyttö on merkittävästi yleisempää verrattuna saman ikäisiin nuoriin. Nuoren kuntoutusrahaa saaneet ovat muita saman ikäisiä useammin muun muassa vammaistuen ja lääkekorvausten saajia ja ovat käyttäneet useammin julkisen sektorin terveyspalveluja. Terveyspalveluihin verrattuna julkisen sektorin sosiaalipalvelujen käyttö on ylipäänsä nuorilla vähäisempää, mutta nuoren kuntoutusrahaa saaneilla kuitenkin muihin saman ikäisiin nuoriin verrattuna yleisempää. Tutkimuksen tuottamaa kokonaisvaltaisempaa tietoa osatyökyisten ja tehostetumman kuntoutuksen tarpeessa olevien nuorten etuuksien ja palvelujen käytöstä voidaan hyödyntää muun muassa sosiaaliturvan uudistamistyössä, jossa yhtenä keskeisenä tavoitteena on etuuksien ja palvelujen toimiva yhteensovittaminen.
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Sanches, P. A., F. Santos, M. F. G. V. Peñaflor, and J. M. S. Bento. "Direct and indirect resistance of sugarcane to Diatraea saccharalis induced by jasmonic acid." Bulletin of Entomological Research 107, no. 6 (April 24, 2017): 828–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485317000372.
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AbstractTreating plants with synthetic jasmonic acid (JA) induces a defensive response similar to herbivore attack, and is a potential strategy for integrated pest management. Despite the importance of sugarcane, its JA-induced defences have not yet been studied. We investigated the effects of JA treatment on the direct and indirect resistance of sugarcane to the key-pest and specialist herbivore Diatraea saccharalis and the generalist Spodoptera frugiperda. Indirect defences were examined by testing the attraction of Cotesia flavipes, a sugarcane-borer parasitoid, to JA-induced volatile. The results showed that JA-treated sugarcane did not affect the weight gain of the two larvae. However, in dual-choice assays, both species preferred to feed on mock rather than JA-treated plants. Leaf colorimetric analyses showed that visual cues are unlikely to be involved in larval preference, whereas results from olfactometric assays revealed that D. saccharalis preferred JA-induced over mock plant volatiles. After 48 h of treatment, JA-treated plants emitted a volatile blend attractive to C. flavipes, comprised mainly of sesquiterpenes. However, the parasitoid did not discriminate JA-treated from host-damaged plant volatiles. When the wasps were given a choice between JA-treated and JA-treated + host-damaged plants, they preferred the latter, which emitted a more complex blend, suggesting that JA treatment likely does not hamper host-finding. We concluded that JA induces the emission of volatiles that are attractive to the sugarcane borer parasitoid, as well as an antixenosis type of resistance in sugarcane against the two pests, although neither volatiles nor visual cues alone are involved in the underlying mechanism.
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Suodenjoki, Sami. "Vapaan Venäjän sävelet jakolinjojen uurtajina." Idäntutkimus 29, no. 4 (January 9, 2023): 26–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33345/idantutkimus.113981.
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Artikkeli tarkastelee marssilaulun Vapaa Venäjä leviämistä, esityskonteksteja ja poliittisia merkityksiä 1920-luvulta toisen maailmansodan jälkeisiin vuosiin. Marssi levisi nopeasti Neuvosto-Venäjän, Suomen ja Pohjois-Amerikan välillä ja herätti eri poliittisissa ryhmissä hyvin erilaisia tunteita. Suomessa Vapaasta Venäjästä kehittyi yhtäältä kommunistisen työväestön protestin väline ja toisaalta sosiaalidemokraattien ja oikeistolaisten ärtymyksen kohde. Äänilevyjen välityksellä kappale kuitenkin murtautui ulos puhtaasti ideologisista tulkintakehyksistä ja kiinnittyi osaksi uuden suomalaisen populaarimusiikin aaltoa 1920-luvun lopussa. Hahmotan artikkelissa tätä kehitystä analysoimalla aikalaislehdistön kirjoittelua ja muistitietoa. Erittelen Vapaan Venäjän poliittisia merkityksiä myös vertaamalla sitä muihin aikakauden työväenlauluihin sekä samaan sävelmään tehtyyn, Neuvostoliitossa levinneeseen Slaavittaren jäähyväiset -marssiin. This article addresses the transnational trajectory of the song Vapaa Venäjä (Free Russia) into a communist anthem and the object of fierce political dispute in the interwar period. By using writings to the press and oral history as source materials, the article sheds light on how Free Russia shaped political experiences in both Finland and Finnish America. The melody of Free Russia was borrowed from the Russian military march Farewell to Slavianka, and its lyrics described the Russian Revolution. For these reasons, and for allegedly glorifying Bolshevism, the march aroused fierce criticism in the Finnish non-communist media. However, Finnish communists adopted Free Russia as their instrument for protest and for outmatching the Social Democrats. For some workers, the performance of the song also served to express unity and future hopes as they travelled from Finland or North America to the Soviet Union. However, this article shows that after being recorded by the Columbia company in 1924, Free Russia also sold well as a gramophone record and was spread to new settings such as the intimate sphere of home. This contributed to the partial transition of the march from a strictly ideological context to that of internationally produced “Finnish” popular music.
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Matras, Mathilde. "Tat´jana Saburova, Ben Eklof, Družba, sem´ja, revoljucija." Cahiers du monde russe 59, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/monderusse.10663.
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Rantakallio, Inka. "Femcees Finland, NiceRap ja vastatilojen voima." Etnomusikologian vuosikirja 33 (December 8, 2021): 67–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23985/evk.103019.
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Artikkelissa kartoitetaan suomalaisten räppäävien naisten verkostotoimintaa ja sen feministisiä piirteitä 2000- ja 2010-luvuilla. Käsittelyssä ovat erityisesti naistoimijoita koonnut Femcees Finland -verkosto sekä naisia ja sukupuolivähemmistöjä varten perustettu NiceRap-verkosto. Artikkelissa syvennytään näiden verkostojen toimintaan ja perustamisen taustoihin sisällönanalyysin ja diskurssianalyysin avulla. Artikkelin aineisto koostuu Femcees Finlandin perustajajäsenen rap-artisti Yavisin ja NiceRap-ryhmän perustajan rap-artisti Mon-Salan haastatteluista, verkostoihin liittyvistä media-artikkeleista sekä erilaisista verkkoaineistoista. Artikkelissa esitetään, että verkostojen toiminta rakentaa feminististä diskurssia naisten omista verkostoista tasa-arvoa edistävinä vastatiloina miesvaltaisessa hiphop-kulttuurissa. Verkosto- ja vertaistoimintaa on aiemmassa tutkimuksessa hahmoteltu erityisesti erilaisiin vähemmistöihin kuuluvien henkilöiden ryhmäytymiselle tyypillisenä toimintana, johon kuuluvat esimerkiksi niin sanotut turvallisemmat tilat tai separatistiset vastatilat (counterspace). Tarkentamalla naistoimijoiden verkostotoimintaan artikkeli kartoittaa tutkimuksessa piiloon jäänyttä musiikinhistoriaa, verkostotoiminnan sosiaalista merkitystä vähemmistöille ja sitä, miten rap-kentällä negatiiviseksi asiaksi mielletty naiseus voidaan muuttaa positiiviseksi voimavaraksi. Artikkelin johtopäätös on, että naistoimijoiden vähäisyyden ja verkostotoiminnan tarpeen taustalla ovat systemaattinen toiseuttaminen miesvaltaisella alalla, kuten artistien tarkastelu ensisijaisesti sukupuolensa, ei osaamisensa kautta. Artikkeli on ensimmäinen akateeminen tutkimus suomalaisten räppäävien naisten historiasta ja verkostotoiminnasta ja aiheeltaan ajankohtainen: vaikka nais- sekä sukupuolivähemmistöihin kuuluvia toimijoita on suomiräpissä ollut määrällisesti vähemmän kuin miehiä, on varsinkin viime vuosina noussut esiin kymmenittäin uusia tekijöitä samalla, kun suomirap on muodostunut joillain mittareilla Suomen suosituimmaksi genreksi.
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Hänninen, Juho. "Uuden aallon voimalla." Etnomusikologian vuosikirja 33 (December 8, 2021): 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.23985/evk.102517.
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Viimeaikainen tutkimus on osoittanut, että nuorisokulttuuri säilyy osalle osallistujista merkityksellisenä läpi elämänkulun ja vaikuttaa elämänkulun muototutumiseen. Tutkin tässä artikkelissa, miten Lepakkoluolan skenen toimijat ovat rakentaneet nuoruuden omaehtoisesta toiminnasta itselleen työuran. Aineistoni muodostuu viiden Lepakkoluolan skenen toimijan elämäntarinahaastattelusta, jotka analysoin elämänkulkuanalyysin, muistitietotutkimuksen ja grounded theoryn avulla. Erittelen haastatteluaineistoa viiden elämänkulun aksiooman, ajoittumisen, toimijuuden, sosiaalisten suhteiden, elämänkulun kertyvän luonteen ja historiallisten rakenteiden, valossa. Osoitan, että omaehtoiset urat (DIY career) rakentuvat neljän vaiheen kautta. Vaiheet ovat ensikosketus, uppoutuminen, toteutuminen ja ylläpito. Eri vaiheiden aikana henkilö tutustuu nuorisokulttuuriin, alkaa tuottaa sitä, saa työpaikan sen tuotannossa ja lopulta jatkaa uran ylläpitoa kertyneiden tietojen ja taitojen varassa. Uria leimaa skenen sosiaalisten suhteiden vahvistama toimijuus, prekaarius ja epävarmuus sekä nuorisokulttuurin parissa alkanut halu edistää kulttuuriin asemaa yhteiskunnassa. Kaupunki- ja populaarikulttuurin kasvanut suosio on mahdollistanut haastateltavieni urat, mutta samalla he ovat olleet toteuttamassa tätä yhteiskunnallista muutosta.
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Jaspers, Jan. "Griepprik: ja of nee?" Psychologie en Gezondheid 37, no. 5 (October 2009): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03080412.
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Ruusuvirta, Minna. "Hyvä paha tutkimuksen yhteiskunnallinen vaikuttavuus." Kulttuuripolitiikan tutkimuksen vuosikirja 6, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17409/kpt.125630.
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Tutkitun tiedon merkitys päätöksenteon pohjana ja lähtökohtana on vahvistunut viimeisten vuosikymmenien aikana. Tutkitulle tiedolle on tarvetta monissa eri yhteyksissä ja eri tasoilla, paikallisesti ja kansallisesti. Tiedepolitiikassa tutkimustiedon yhteiskunnallinen vaikuttavuus on keskeinen tavoite, vaikuttavuuden kautta perustellaan myös tutkimuksen julkista rahoitusta. Tutkimuksen yhteiskunnallinen vaikuttavuus on osoittautunut haasteelliseksi mitata. On kuitenkin täysin oikeutettua kysyä, mikä ylipäänsä on tutkimuksen rooli, jos sen tulokset jäävät pöytälaatikkoon pölyttymään vailla käyttöä. Aina tieteen merkittävyyttä ei ole mahdollista arvioida, eikä se saa olla tarkoituskaan. Tieteellä ja tutkimuksella on vahva itseisarvo. Uteliaisuus, pyrkimys ymmärtää asioita ja katsoa niitä eri näkökulmista ovat kaiken sivistyksen ja ihmisyyden ytimessä.
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Leon-Reyes, Antonio, Yujuan Du, Annemart Koornneef, Silvia Proietti, Ana P. Körbes, Johan Memelink, Corné M. J. Pieterse, and Tita Ritsema. "Ethylene Signaling Renders the Jasmonate Response of Arabidopsis Insensitive to Future Suppression by Salicylic Acid." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 23, no. 2 (February 2010): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-23-2-0187.
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Cross-talk between jasmonate (JA), ethylene (ET), and Salicylic acid (SA) signaling is thought to operate as a mechanism to fine-tune induced defenses that are activated in response to multiple attackers. Here, 43 Arabidopsis genotypes impaired in hormone signaling or defense-related processes were screened for their ability to express SA-mediated suppression of JA-responsive gene expression. Mutant cev1, which displays constitutive expression of JA and ET responses, appeared to be insensitive to SA-mediated suppression of the JA-responsive marker genes PDF1.2 and VSP2. Accordingly, strong activation of JA and ET responses by the necrotrophic pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola prior to SA treatment counteracted the ability of SA to suppress the JA response. Pharmacological assays, mutant analysis, and studies with the ET-signaling inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene revealed that ET signaling renders the JA response insensitive to subsequent suppression by SA. The APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR transcription factor ORA59, which regulates JA/ET-responsive genes such as PDF1.2, emerged as a potential mediator in this process. Collectively, our results point to a model in which simultaneous induction of the JA and ET pathway renders the plant insensitive to future SA-mediated suppression of JA-dependent defenses, which may prioritize the JA/ET pathway over the SA pathway during multi-attacker interactions.
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Kretzschmar, Gerald. "Kooperation: Ja - Identifikation: Nein." Zeitschrift für Pädagogik und Theologie 54, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpt-2002-540110.
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Masso, Iivi Anna. "Kremlin jalanjäljet: Suomettuminen ja vuoden 2002 vakoilukohun tausta." Journal of Cold War Studies 21, no. 1 (April 2019): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_r_00864.
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Ulum, Bakhrul, and Nurlia Latipah. "Development of Religious Activities for Science Teachers as an Effort to Integrate Islamic Values in Science Learning." JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 5, no. 1 (July 8, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jsep.v5i1.5678.
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This study aims to reveal the spiritual activities programmed by Madrasah Tsanawiyah Ja-alHaq for teachers, how Madrasah Tsanawiyah Ja-alHaq manages these activities, and the benefits of these activities for science learning in madrasas. This activity is carried out by interview technique. Data analysis was carried out by means of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results showed that the spiritual activities programmed for teachers at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Ja-alHaq included dhuha and zuhur prayers in congregation, reading sholawat, Asmaul Husna, reciting yanbu'a, monthly manaqib reading activities, recitation of the Taklim Almutaalim book and the matan salim taufiq book. These programs are determined based on the decisions of the teacher council meeting and coordination with the Ja-alhaq foundation management. To ensure the implementation of these activities, madrasah madrasas carry out monitoring and evaluation and make these activities one of the criteria for promotions or periodic salary increases for teachers. Through these activities, teachers are expected to increase their understanding of religious insight and be followed by improving the quality of worship. In teaching and learning activities for Science at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Ja-alHaq the teacher has been able to link the subject matter with the behavior of being grateful to Allah SWT for all the blessings given, the teacher also invites students to improve the quality of their worship by getting used to starting and ending learning by praying, and through learning Science students are invited to see the greatness and majesty of Allah SWT.
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Laruelle, Marlène. "Natal´ja Kosmarskaja, « Deti imperii » v postsovetskoj Central´noj Azii." Cahiers du monde russe 47, no. 47/4 (December 30, 2006): 949–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/monderusse.6813.
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Yates-Stewart, Ashley D., Adrian Pekarcik, Andy Michel, and Joshua J. Blakeslee. "Jasmonic Acid-Isoleucine (JA-Ile) Is Involved in the Host-Plant Resistance Mechanism Against the Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 6 (October 9, 2020): 2972–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa221.
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Abstract Host-plant resistance (HPR) is an important tool for pest management, affording both economic and environmental benefits. The mechanisms of aphid resistance in soybean are not well understood, but likely involve the induction of the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, and possibly other phytohormone signals involved in plant defense responses. Despite the efficacy of aphid resistance in soybean, virulent aphids have overcome this resistance through mostly unknown mechanisms. Here, we have used metabolomic tools to define the role of plant phytohormones, especially the JA pathway, in regulating interactions between aphid-resistant soybean and virulent aphids. We hypothesized that virulent aphids avoid or suppress the JA pathway to overcome aphid resistance. Our results suggested that aphid-resistant soybean increased accumulation of JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) only when infested with avirulent aphids; virulent aphids did not cause induction of JA-Ile. Further, applying JA-Ile to aphid-resistant soybean reduced subsequent virulent aphid populations. The concentrations of other phytohormones remained unchanged due to aphid feeding, highlighting the importance of JA-Ile in this interaction. These results increase our knowledge of soybean resistance mechanisms against soybean aphids and contribute to our understanding of aphid virulence mechanisms, which will in turn promote the durability of HPR.
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Heitz, Thierry, Ekaterina Smirnova, Valentin Marquis, and Laure Poirier. "Metabolic Control within the Jasmonate Biochemical Pathway." Plant and Cell Physiology 60, no. 12 (August 29, 2019): 2621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcz172.
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Abstract Regulation of defense and developmental responses by jasmonates (JAs) has been intensively investigated at genetic and transcriptional levels. Plasticity in the jasmonic acid (JA) metabolic pathway as a means to control signal output has received less attention. Although the amplitude of JA responses generally follows the accumulation dynamics of the active hormone jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), emerging evidence has identified cases where this relationship is distorted and that we discuss in this review. JA-Ile is turned over in Arabidopsis by two inducible, intertwined catabolic pathways; one is oxidative and mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes of the subfamily 94 (CYP94), and the other proceeds via deconjugation by amidohydrolases. Their genetic inactivation has profound effects on JAs homeostasis, including strong JA-Ile overaccumulation, but this correlates with enhanced defense and tolerance to microbial or insect attacks only in the absence of overinduction of negative signaling regulators. By contrast, the impairment of JA oxidation in the jasmonic acid oxidase 2 (jao2) mutant turns on constitutive defense responses without elevating JA-Ile levels in naive leaves and enhances resistance to subsequent biotic stress. This latter and other recent cases of JA signaling are associated with JA-Ile catabolites accumulation rather than more abundant hormone, reflecting increased metabolic flux through the pathway. Therefore, manipulating upstream and downstream JA-Ile homeostatic steps reveals distinct metabolic nodes controlling defense signaling output.
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Vihalemm, Rein. "Theoretical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science in the Soviet Times: Some Remarks on the Example of Estonia, 1960-1990." Studia Philosophica Estonica, March 11, 2016, 195–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/spe.2015.8.2.10.
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This part of the Soviet philosophy that corresponds approximately to theoretical philosophy and philosophy of science on the example of Estonia and proceeding from the University of Tartu is discussed. The author concentrates on the period of approximately 1960–1990, when he himself was engaged in the field, i.e. the time before 1960 is not included. The aim of this paper is not to provide an overview of the individual philosophers in Estonia at the time and their works, but to give a more general description of the philosophy of the Soviet era. The Soviet and the East European philosophy of the time have received rather little critical treatment in literature in English. However, a few general overviews trying to prove that this Soviet and East European philosophical legacy is worth studying have still been published. This paper is focused on the question what kind of philosophical researches it was possible to engage oneself in under the abnormal conditions at the time and whether some starting points and problem issues in theseresearches might be viable also today. Estonian experience confirms the general conclusion of these authors who, analyzing the legacy of Marxism, have found that although Marxism is nowadays—not to mention how it existed in the Soviet totalitarian regime—mainly not considered a serious philosophy but rather an ideological basis of a failed political doctrine, it has nevertheless quite something to offer when treated in a more depoliticized manner, in the general context of philosophical quests.Teoreetiline ja teadusfilosoofia Nõukogude ajal: mõned märkused Eesti näitel 1960-1990 (Resümee)Vaatluse all on Eesti näitel ja lähtudes Tartu ülikoolist see osa Nõukogudeaegsest filosoofiast, mis vastab umbes teoreetilisele filosoofiale ja teadusfilosoofiale. Autor peatub ajavahemikul umbes 1960–1990, mil ta ka ise tegev oli, st 1960-ndate aastate eelset aega ei käsitleta. Artikli eesmärgiks ei ole ülevaate andmine Eestis sel ajal tegutsenud filosoofidest ja nende töödest, vaid Nõukogudeaegse filosoofia üldisem iseloomustamine. Nõukogude ja selleagset Ida-Euroopa filosoofiat on ingliskeelses kirjanduses üsna vähe kriitiliselt uuritud. Üksikuid ülevaateteoseid, milles on püütud näidata, etsee Nõukogude ja Ida-Euroopa filosoofiline pärand väärib uurimist, on siiski ilmunud. Käesolevas artiklis on keskendutud eelkõige küsimusele, mis laadi filosoofilise uurimistööga sai tolle aja ebanormaalsetes tingimustes tegelda ja kas mõned lähtekohad ja probleemipüstitused selles on elujõulised ka veel nüüd. Eesti kogemus kinnitab nende autorite üldist järeldust, kes marksismi pärandit uurides on leidnud, et kuigi marksismi tänapäeval — rääkimata sellest, missugune see oli Nõukogude totalitaarses režiimis — enamasti ei peeta tõsiseltvõetavaks filosoofiaks, vaid pigem läbikukkunud poliitilise õpetuse ideoloogiliseks aluseks, on tal siiski nii mõndagi öelda, kui teda käsitleda depolitiseeritumalt, filosoofiliste otsingute üldises kontekstis. Märksõnad: dialektiline materialism, dialektika, ‘eessõna-marksism’, filosoofia põhiküsimus, Nõukogude filosoofia, ‘ontologistid’ ja ‘epistemologistid’, praktika
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Mykkänen, Markus, and Aleksi Koski. "Journalistisen tiedonhankinnan tehostaminen tekstianalyysityökaluilla: Tutkimushankkeen loppuraportti ja ohjelmistoarvioinnit toimituskäyttöön." JYU Reports, November 1, 2022, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/jyureports/2022/15.
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Journalisteilla voi uutistyön taustalla olla toisinaan suuri aineisto. Taustamateriaalit voivat käsittää jopa tuhansia sivuja kymmenistä eri lähteistä. Toimittajille voi olla haastavaa tai ylivoimaista nähdä aineistosta, mikä olisi mielenkiintoisinta tai uutisen arvoista. Eri alojen tutkijat ovat luoneet monenlaisia tekstin louhinta-, laskenta- ja analyysiohjelmia tutkimustyöhön isojen asiakirja-aineistojen läpikäymiseen. Heillä on näihin perinpohjaisia lähestymistapoja, joilla saa aikaiseksi vankasti perusteltuja tutkimustuloksia. Toimittajien tiedontarpeet ovat kuitenkin erilaisia. Yksittäisistä uutiskriteerit täyttävistä löydöistä voi uutisoida välittömästi löydön jälkeen. Aineistoon voi palata uudestaan myöhemmin kattavampaa tarkastelua varten. Toimittaja voi käyttää omiin aineistoihinsa tutkijoiden ohjelmia ja löytää helmiä muutamalla klikkauksella. Tässä hankkeessa etsittiin ratkaisuja tähän ongelmaan eli kuinka nopeasti selata läpi aineisto ja löytää uutisarvoinen tieto? Mikä on paras työväline tähän?
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Vetis Zaganelli, Margareth, and Douglas Luis Binda Filho. "La Llei General de Protecció de Dades i les seves implicacions per a la salut." Revista de Bioética y Derecho, February 22, 2022, 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/rbd2021.54.36005.
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La Llei General de Protecció de Dades preveu la protecció de les dades personals i té implicacions significatives en nombrosos àmbits, inclòs el sanitari. En aquest, a causa de la quantitat rellevant de dades sensibles que contenen informació sobre salut, es requereix precaució per part dels agents de tractament, ja que és més probable que el seu processament causi un alt risc per als drets dels titulars. En aquest sentit, l'art. 35 del Reglament General de Protecció de Dades, la legislació europea en matèria de protecció de dades personals, determina que la realització d'Avaluacions d'Impacte és obligatòria, la qual cosa no és evident en la legislació brasilera. A través d'un estudi exploratori, basat en una enquesta bibliogràfica i documental, s'investiga la importància d'aquestes Avaluacions per part de les institucions de salut en el tractament de dades sensibles, a fi de certificar no només el compliment de la legislació, sinó també de les estipulacions presents en els codis deontològics que valoren el secret, la privacitat i la confidencialitat en la relació metge-pacient. Al principi, es discuteixen aspectes generals de la llei brasilera i una perspectiva comparada respecte a l'europea. En segon lloc, exposa l'associació entre el tractament de dades sensibles i la confidencialitat en l'assistència sanitària. Conclou que és important realitzar l'Avaluació d'Impacte sobre dades sensibles, ocasió en la qual es considera l'experiència europea d'una metodologia basada en riscos.
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Karonen, Petri, and Jussi Välimaa. "Vaikuttamista, virkistystoimintaa ja kriittistä keskustelua: Professoriliiton Jyväskylän osasto 1970-luvun alusta 2020-luvulle." JYU Reports, October 3, 2022, 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/jyureports/2022/16.
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Ajatus kirjoittaa pienimuotoinen historiateos Professoriliiton Jyväskylän osaston historiasta syntyi osaston johtokunnassa loppusyksystä 2020, kun osastossa valmistauduttiin osaston 50-vuotisjuhlallisuuksiin. Suunnitelmana oli koota tiivis esitys toiminnan pääpiirteistä ja liittää se osaksi suomalaisen korkeakoulupolitiikan, Jyväskylän yliopiston ja Professoriliiton yleisiä kehityskulkuja. Professoriliiton hallitus näytti hankkeelle omalta osaltaan vihreää valoa ja myönsi avustuksen toteutukseen. Kiitämme tuesta lämpimästi. Avustuksen turvin pystyimme palkkaamaan talvella 2021 tutkimusavustajan, johon tehtävään rekrytoitiin historianopiskelija, HuK Tapio Roiko-Jokela. Hänen tehokas ja systemaattinen työskentelytapansa aineiston keruussa helpotti merkittävästi työtämme, kiitos siitä. Samoin kiitämme osaston toiminnassa mukana olleita henkilöitä kaikilta kuudelta tähänastiselta vuosikymmeneltä sekä erityisesti professori Janne Vilkunaa luvasta julkaista hänen kirjoituksensa professoriosaston retkistä erillisenä tietolaatikkona tässä teoksessa. Julkaisukoordinaattori Sini Tuikka ja julkaisutoimittaja Timo Hautala Jyväskylän yliopiston Avoimen tiedon keskuksesta toteuttivat ripeästi ja ammattitaidolla tekstin julkaisukuntoon – kiitos siitä!showless
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"PRVA HRVATSKA ŠKOLA LIMFEDEMA – HRVATSKI NACIONALNI LIMFEDEM OKVIR – LIMFA I JA." Fizikalna i rehabilitacijska medicina 36, no. 3-4 (October 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.21751/frm-36-3-4-4.
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Hollo, Maarja. "Lapsed ja sõda. Sõjatrauma Tiina Kurnimi autobiograafias „Sõrve rahva elukeerdkäigud“ ja Ülo Tuuliku romaanis „Sõja jalus“ / Children and War. War trauma in Tiina Kurnim’s Ups and Downs in the Life of the People of Sõrve and Ülo Tuulik’s novel In the Way." Methis. Studia humaniora Estonica 23, no. 29 (June 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/methis.v23i29.19035.
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Artikkel uurib mäletamismustrit, mis joonistub välja kahes lapsepõlvekogemust vahendavas teoses, mille autorite lapsepõlv jäi Teise maailmasõja aastatesse: Tiina Kurnimi autobiograafias „Sõrve rahva elukeerdkäigud“ (2014) ja Ülo Tuuliku dokumentaalromaanis „Sõja jalus“ (1974; kärpimata versioon 2010). Nii Kurnim kui ka Tuulik vaatavad tagasi oma lapsepõlvele Saaremaal Sõrve säärel, kust sakslased evakueerisid 1944. aasta sügisel sunniviisiliselt suurema osa kohalikust elanikkonnast, nende hulgas Kurnimi ja Tuuliku ning nende perekonnad. Mõlemas teoses ilmneb selle sündmuse psühholoogiliselt traumeeriv mõju nii autoritele kui kogu Sõrve kogukonnale, mis võimaldab käsitleda neid teoseid tunnistusena.
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The article poses the question what type of remembering patterns emerge in two works communicating childhood experiences whose authors’ childhood coincided with the years of WWII. Tiina Kurnim in her 2014 autobiography Ups and Downs in the Life of the People of Sõrve recalls her childhood on the Sõrve Peninsula on the island of Saaremaa, and the author Ülo Tuulik does the same in the novel In the Way of War, first published in 1974 (the unpurged version referred to in the article came out in 2010). Childhood is of a central importance in the development of all people, for early experiences affect a child’s ability to relate to others and the external world and to express their feelings, as well as their general development. The childhood experiences of Estonians born before WWII were fashioned to a signicifant degree by the war that undermined their sense of security, as did deportations, desctruction of homes, and economic difficulties that many families had to face after the war. The events of WWII, life changes caused by the war and experiences related to death and violence that have been conveyed as explicitly traumatic, also dominate in the first third of Kurnim’s autobiography in which the author takes a retrospective look at her childhood. Tuulik’s novel does not contain many personal childhood memories of the author, but uses memories of his parents and other people from Sõrve, diary excerpts and other documentary materials.
Kurnim’s autobiography and Tuulik’s documentary novel belong to the tradition of the literature of witnessing that emerged after WWII and was initiated in Estonian literature by Tuulik’s novel. Kurnim’s autobiography fills in the gaps in the events described in Tuulik’s novel of which Tuulik, who was four at the time, has only a few fragments of memory or that he cannot recall at all. The historical context of both works is the forced evacuation of the people of Sõrve by the Germans in the autumn of 1944 that they had to participate in as children. The people of Sõrve who went through the evacuation as children in retrospect interpret the event as a tragedy, consider themselves victims of Nazism and emphasise that no one would explain to the people what was expecting them. For many of the people of Sõrve the evacuation turned out to be a traumatic experience first and foremost because it hit them unexpectedly and caused fear, suffering and death.
It is a paradoxical that speaking of individual traumas related to WWII has been shunned in both European and Estonian memory cultures. Peter Leese has claimed that acknowledging the suffering of the victims of WII has been so complicated due to social and political stigmatisation that it has led to them being silenced and rendered invisible. Sophie Delaporte has suggested that war veterans have been silent about their suffering either because of their self-effacing stance and their inabiliy to voice their experiences, or lack of people who would have listened to them. The same can certainly also be claimed about other people who suffered in the war. In addition to the above, in Eastern European countries speaking of war-related traumatic experiences has also been hindered by the political circumstances: even if those victimised by the war had empathetic listeners whom they could tell of their suffering, fear of the power in office in the country made them prefer silence.
Both Kurnim’s autobiography and Tuulik’s novel sketch a similar pattern of recollections that is characteristic of traumatic victim memory; however, while the part of Kurnim’s autobiography that mediates childhood experiences is dominated by traumatic evidence of suffering, Tuulik’s novel is marked by a tone of accusation and reproach. In Kurnim’s autobiography the author recalls the most traumatic experiences of her childhood, bringing to the reader also the experiences of other children from Sõrve during WWII. She creates a detailed picture of the conditions in which hundreds of children deprived of parental care due to the war would find themselves, as well as of the trials that the war inflicted upon their family members and to the community as a whole. Kurnim’s autobiography as witnessing is characterised by the overlapping subject positions of witnessing and confession: the confessing self that speaks of the suffering that befell her as a child simultaneously fulfills the role of the witnessing self who is giving witness of the tragic events that befell their loved ones and their community.
Tuulik’s novel is a literary witness statement in which the autobiographical, documentary and fictional elements intermingle. The devastation of a year of his childhood seems to have had a deeply traumatic effect on the author, as does the scarcity of personal memories of the time. The moral dimension of Tuulik’s novel openes up in an attempt to construct memory and, on the level of poetics, through the confessions, reasonings and deliberations of the writer as a character in the novel, as well as in three episodes depicting premature deaths. The thematisation of the novel’s writing process demonstrates how Tuulik, while drawing on his own traumatic childhood experiences, explores the aesthetic and ethical limits of representing the sufferings of the people of Sõrve who found themselves in the way of war. He is engaged in such studies also on his memory trips to the island of Saaremaa and outside Estonia, in time and space, while attempting to maintain and protect the truth of the events that occurred on the Sõrve Peninsula during WWII. Tuulik’s novel as a piece of moral witnessing has been written with the aim to counter pain and fear, and first and foremost to fight forgetfulness; häving discussed the nature of war and its effects on the civilian population, at the end of the novel Tuulik reaches the conclusion that war crimes do not expire.
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George Barrie. "FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND CAMPUS PROTESTS." Obiter 38, no. 3 (December 20, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v38i3.11433.
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Hotz v University of Cape Town (2016 (4) All SA 723 (SCA)) presented the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) with an ideal set of circumstances to incisively deal with the precise meaning and parameters of section 16(1) of the Constitution, which mandates that everyone has the right to freedom of expression and section 16(2), which states that section 16(1) does not extend to advocacy of hatred that is based on race or ethnicity and that constitutes incitement to cause harm. It also afforded the SCA an opportunity to express itself on ancillary constitutional rights such as section 17 (the right to assemble and demonstrate); section 15 (the right of freedom of opinion); section 18 (the right to freedom of association) and section 19(1) (the right to campaign for a political cause). The main focus of the judgment of the SCA (per Wallis JA), however, was on freedom of expression (s 16(1)) which will be the primary focus of this note.Vehement protests on the campus of the University of Cape Town (UCT) constituted the background to this matter being heard by the SCA as an appeal against a final interdict of the Western Cape High Court. The final interdict excluding appellants from the campus of UCT was granted by Allie J who granted leave to appeal. The appeal specifically concerned the granting of the final interdict and the factual allegations made by the university regarding the nature of the protests which led to the granting of the final interdict.
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Saarlo, Liina. "Regilaul tuulte pöörises. Eesti folkloristika poliitiliste muutuste ajajärgul 20. sajandi keskel / Regilaul in the whirlpool. Estonian folkloristics during the political changes in the middle of the 20th century." Methis. Studia humaniora Estonica 16, no. 20 (November 30, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/methis.v16i20.13888.
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Artikli eesmärk on jälgida regilaulu kui Eesti folkloristika paraadžanri käekäiku Eesti sovetiseerimise ajajärgul 1940.–1950. aastatel ja selle kaudu eesti folkloristide kohandumisi muutuva teaduspoliitikaga. Kuna sõjajärgset Eestit võib lugeda koloniseerituks Nõukogude Liidu poolt, tuvastatakse sotskolonialismi tunnuseid Eesti sõjajärgses folkloristikas. Vaatluse alla võetakse regilaulu muutuv positsioon ametlikus retseptsioonis ning folkloristlikel välitöödel. Kuna nõukogude ajajärku esitatakse sageli eesti rahvakultuuri õitseajana, vaadeldakse lähemalt rahvaloomingu viljelemist harrastajate ja professionaalsete kunstnike tasemel, rahvusliku vormi sotsialistliku sisuga täitmist. The purpose of the paper is to follow how Estonian folklorists adapted changing science policy in the 1940s and 1950s, and how an elite genre of the Estonian folklore – regilaul – was treated in the course of the Sovietization of Estonian humanities and cultural life.There are several distinctive features of the Soviet colonization in the post-war Estonian folkloristics. First, an extensive reform of the organization of the academic institutions took place in annexed Estonia, following the example of organizational structures in Soviet Russia’s Academy of Sciences.The most specific feature of the Soviet colonialism was the extremely strong dependence of the peripheries on the colonial centre. Academic life in Estonia was guided by the resolutions of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which were observed and monitored closely by local authorities at the plenary meetings of the Estonian Communist Party and further discussed at the meetings of local academic institutions. These discussions were followed by waves of reassessments, (self) criticism and repressions. Folklorists from the Baltic republics were supervised and “assisted” by Russian folklorists in terms of the methods of the Soviet folkloristics at the union-wide conferences held in Moscow, the Soviet colonial centre. Direct models were taken over to reorganize folkloristic fieldwork and research in the spirit of the new ideology.The third specific feature of the Soviet colonialism was the adaption of Soviet pidgin, colonial discourse, which proliferated especially during the last years of the Stalinist era, from 1948 to 1953. Research in any discipline was limited by the Marxist method; any deflection in it was considered renegade and therefore punishable. In Estonian folkloristics, however, the mastering of the Marxist method comprised largely of clever usage of the colonists’ slogans and formulae, such as “bourgeois-nationalist”, “formalism”, “cosmopolitanism” versus “internationalism”, “objectivism”, and “anti-patriotic” etc. Oft-repeated labels carried no actual meaning; far from any rationale, they were rather formulaic weapons of fighting with enemies, tools of revaluing and (self) criticism. In the end of the 1950s, the use of most grievous lexis declined, but in general, the Soviet discourse was adapted.The altering position of regilaul in the folkloristic writings and fieldwork is discussed in the paper. The last years of the Stalinism, the hierarchy of the folklore genres was turned upside down and classical folklore genres were marginalized because mainstream Soviet folkloristics were focused on contemporary “Soviet folklore” and amateur cultural activities. Estonian folklorists adapted the new reality expeditiously, implementing a sort of mimicry. Fieldwork was carried on in areas with vivid traditional culture, such as Setumaa and Kihnu Island, using the collection of Soviet folklore as pretext. Folklorists did not change their collecting methods and continued to collect traditional folklore genres. Examples of contemporary “folk creations” were documented randomly and unsystematically; all the more were these findings proudly brought before the public at the union-wide forums and in the local press. In these years, curiosa like eulogies to the Lenin and Stalin, collective farms and the Soviet Army in the form of regilaul were documented.After the death of Stalin, Estonian folklorists returned to the classical folklore genres, though overemphasizing the motifs of “class struggle” and “heroism of the working crowds” in the old oral poetry.Due to the existing stereotypes regarding favouring ethnic minorities and folk culture under the Soviet regime, the paper takes a closer look to the use of folklore or/and folk creations at both the amateur and professional level of cultural activities. Although Soviet propaganda hailed the blossoming of the folk cultural activities, not all branches of the folk culture were allowed to blossom. Certainly, “folk” and “national” cannot be seen as synonyms. The concept of folklore was blurred because of the parallel concept of folk creations, which included non-traditional cultural activities. Folklorists were forced to deal with amateur cultural activities. In the professional level, the slogan of “socialist content in national form” marked deterioration, simplification and impoverishment regarding means of artistic expression. Instead of folklore pieces, the national epic “Kalevipoeg” was used as an exemplary to the professional artistic creations. Because of sophisticated stylistic features and lyricist mood of regilaul, conflicting to the Soviet aesthetics, becoming inspired by the regilaul tradition was out of the question for artists of the Stalinist era. Enforced simplicity and conservatism caused innovation in literary and musical creations in 1960s, broadening the use of regilaul in professional culture.
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"“Kilpailu- ja kuluttajavirasto”." IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 52, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40319-021-01051-z.
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Sunesson, Sune. "Sociologi i kris – ja tack." Sociologisk Forskning 51, no. 3–4 (January 8, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.37062/sf.51.21841.
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Paananen, Henna. "Poliittinen johtaminen ja kuntien vuorovaikutteinen hallinta." Hallinnon Tutkimus 41, no. 3 (September 13, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.37450/ht.112108.
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Political leadership and interactive governance in finnish local government context This study investigates political leadership as embodiment of interactive governance in Finnish local government context. The article focuses on how local political leadership broadens along with adapting interactive governance ideas at local level. The empirical data consists of 15 interviews of the leading local politicians. Using abductive qualitative content analysis, it is possible to identify how interaction is intertwined throughout the whole political process. This intertwining emphasizes the meaning of interactive and networked dimension of political leadership. It is arguable, that instead of sovereign decision-maker role the focus of local political leadership is shifting towards enabling and utilizing interaction strategically and for boundary-spanning activities, which relates to more interactive governance of municipality.