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Journal articles on the topic 'Jaca (Spain) Civil War, 1936-1939'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

Mulligan, Maureen. "The Spanish Civil War Described by Two Women Travelers." Journeys 19, no. 1 (2018): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jys.2018.190104.

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This article contrasts two accounts by women written between 1936 and 1939 describing their experiences of Spain during the Spanish Civil War. The aim is to question how far travel writers have a political and ethical relation to the place they visit and to what extent they deal with this in their texts. The global politics of travel writing and the distinction between colonial and cosmopolitan travel writers affect the way a foreign culture is articulated for the home market through discursive and linguistic strategies. The texts are Kate O’Brien’s Farewell Spain (1937) and Gamel Woolsey’s De

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MALAY, V. V. "PROBLEMS OF THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR, 1936-1939 IN THE CONTEXT OF ITALIAN-SOVIET RELATIONS." Scientific Notes of Orel State University 98, no. 1 (2023): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/1998-2720-2023-98-1-58-64.

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Spanish Civil War 1936-1939 became a factor that significantly determined the situation in Europe on the eve of the Second World War. In this regard, it is important to study the international aspects of this conflict in the context of Italian-Soviet relations. The author reveals how the interests of such focal countries as the USSR and Italy, which supported the opposing sides of the conflict in Spain, intersected at different levels and in different forms. The policy of Non-Intervention to Spain 1936-1939 has also aggravated bilateral, in particular, Italian-Soviet, relations. The Spanish th

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Balan, Elena G., and Olga S. Chesnokova. "Semiotics of Song Discourse During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 14, no. 3 (2023): 785–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2023-14-3-785-800.

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Song discourse, as a type of discourse, represents a special field research. A piece of music related to a certain historical context is part of the expression of culture, memory and identity of the nation. The aim of the study is the interpretation of song and poetry works from the period of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), one of the difficult stages in the history of the country, as well as a semiotic analysis of the song texts of the two fighting parties. The analysis of the lyrics makes it possible to determine the key features of the depiction of the military conflict within the linguo

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Krelenko, D. M. "Spanish Republican Fleet in 1936 Сampaign". Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 12, № 1 (2012): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2012-12-1-58-67.

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Productive forces placement in Spain in XX c. made the country dependent on the control of the basic naval communications bordering the aquatorium. Military revolt, which broke out in 1936, made the situation even worse. However, it gave the Republic the opportunity to achieve sea superiority. Several failures of the Republican fleet during the first months of the Civil War and government policy of Madrid led to the sea blockade. Thus, the rebels deprived the Republic of the initial advantages and largely predetermined their own success in 1936–1939 Civil War.

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Marco, Jorge. "Rethinking the Postwar Period in Spain: Violence and Irregular Civil War, 1939–52." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 3 (2019): 492–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009419839764.

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There is a consensus among scholars regarding the slow transformation of ‘hot-blooded terror’ into ‘cold-blooded terror’ during the Civil War and the postwar period in Spain. This article challenges this framework in two ways. First, it argues that the Spanish Civil War did not end in 1939, but lasted until 1952, divided in three stages: symmetric nonconventional warfare (July 1936 – February 1937), conventional civil war (February 1937 – April 1939), and irregular civil war (April 1939–52). Second, it argues that the narrative of ‘cold-blooded terror’ after 1939 has obscured the complexity of

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Inviyaeva, Victoria V. "American Administration and Humanitarian Aid for the Victims of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)." Vestnik Yaroslavskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. P. G. Demidova. Seriya gumanitarnye nauki 16, no. 4 (2022): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/1996-5648-2022-4-596-611.

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The article is devoted to the American humanitarian aid for the victims of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), carried out by the American Administration in 1937-1939 through the International Committee of the Red Cross and the American Red Cross, in cooperation with the American Committee of Friends on Service. The study provides analysis of the negotiation process between Spanish Republican and American politicians and social activists regarding the assistance provided; analysis of the activities of the organizations that provided the assistance. The American humanitarian aid for the victims

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Ratz, Sergey V. "Secret services of the USSR in Spain and their role in the military and political conflict of 1936–1939." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 36, no. 2 (2020): 356–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2020.212.

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The article is dedicated to the activities of the Soviet intelligence agencies in Spain during the Civil War of 1936–1939. By June 1936, diplomatic relations between USSR and Spain were absent. Due to the putschist revolt and the appeal of the legitimate government of Spain to the USSR, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolshevik) made a decision to establish diplomatic, military, and trade delegations in Spain. The intelligence agencies of the USSR planned operation ‘X’ for military assistance to Spain. As part of this operation, a Soviet advisory staff concerning

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Ottanelli, Fraser. "Spain in Our Hearts: Americans in the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939." Journal of American History 104, no. 2 (2017): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jax253.

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Anikeeva, Natalia. "The USSR and Spain during the Civil War: 85 years later." Latinskaia Amerika, no. 4 (2022): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044748x0019320-1.

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The peer-reviewed publication presents speeches by famous Russian and Spanish historians, scientists, diplomats, members of the Association of Republican Pilots (Catalan division), who took part in international scientific conferences entitled &quot;The Civil War in Spain and soviet participation: 80 years later&quot; (Barcelona, 29 –May 31, 2017) and &quot;Soviet-Spanish relations during the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939&quot; (Moscow, September 12–14, 2018). Also, the collection contains documents and materials from the funds of the Russian State Military Archive.

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Acciai, Enrico. "Albanian Transnational Fighters: From the Spanish Civil War to the European Resistance Movements (1936–1945)." War in History 27, no. 3 (2019): 346–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344519829777.

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This article investigates the trajectories of a small group of Albanian veterans of the Spanish Civil War after leaving Spain, in early 1939. By focusing on the way in which Albanian veterans reached the European resistance movements between 1941 and 1943, we both enhance and problematize our understanding of the European resistance movement as a transnational phenomenon with its roots in the Spanish Civil War. This article aims to contribute further to a better understanding of the longue durée of the anti-fascist fight between 1936 and the end of the Second World War.

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Navarro Navarro, Javier. "SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC OF THE PRE-WAR PERIOD (1931-1936) AND HER MEMORY IN CINEMA IN SPAIN." Latin-American Historical Almanac 32, no. 1 (2021): 308–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2021-32-1-308-323.

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This article analyzes the memory and representation of the Second Spanish Republic, particularly its years in peace (1931-1936), in Span-ish fiction cinema and made in this country, from 1939 to the present day. The most common ideas and images in this vision of the Second Republic present in cinematography are studied, and the continuity / evolution or change in them throughout the Franco dictatorship, the Democratic Transition and to this day, taking as an example some films. Finally, some general conclusions are addressed that highlight a lower visibility of this period in Spanish cinematog

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Fouquet, Patricia Root, and Robert H. Whealey. "Hitler and Spain: The Nazi Role in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939." American Historical Review 95, no. 5 (1990): 1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2162750.

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Greene, Nathanael. "The Splintering of Spain: Cultural History and the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939." History: Reviews of New Books 34, no. 3 (2006): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2006.10526884.

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Robinson, R. "The Splintering of Spain: Cultural History and the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939." English Historical Review CXXI, no. 492 (2006): 883–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cel136.

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Keyserlingk, Robert H., and Robert H. Whealey. "Hitler and Spain: The Nazi Role in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939." German Studies Review 14, no. 1 (1991): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1430206.

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ROHR, ISABELLE. "The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939 - By Anthony Beevor." History 93, no. 309 (2008): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229x.2008.416_57.x.

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Bikše, Ginta Ieva. "Participation of Latvian Volunteers in Medical Aid to the Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)." Latvijas Universitātes Žurnāls Vēsture, no. 9-10 (2022): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/luzv.11.12.05.

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Of more than 100 Latvian volunteers that participated in the Spanish Civil War, 15 were involved in providing medical aid to the Spanish Republic. Among these volunteers were both men and women, who worked not only as nurses but also as doctors. The aim of the article is to analyse the participation of Latvian volunteers in the Republican medical service (1936–1939) focusing on their motivation, arrival in Spain, activities during the conflict and departure from Spain. This article also includes information about Spanish Civil War participants of Latvian origin that had lost Latvian citizenshi

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Bikše, Ginta Ieva. "The Latvian Unit Named After Leons Paegle in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)." Latvijas Universitātes Žurnāls Vēsture, no. 19 (July 4, 2025): 51–62. https://doi.org/10.22364/luzv.19.03.

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The unit named after Leons Paegle was one of the largest Latvian units formed within the International Brigades. However, its composition remained unclear even after recollections of some of the unit’s members were published during the Soviet occupation. The aim of the article is to analyse the composition of the unit named after Paegle and its characteristics, focusing on its motivation for being in Spain. The battle experience of its members has been described only briefly. Most of the unit members had communistic beliefs and saw their time in Spain as useful for political purposes of the pa

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Pacheco, José M. "Mobility and Migration of Spanish Mathematicians during the Years around the Spanish Civil War and World War II." Science in Context 27, no. 1 (2014): 109–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889713000409.

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ArgumentThis paper considers some aspects of the reception and development of contemporary mathematics in Spain during the first half of the twentieth century, more specifically between 1910 and 1950. It analyzes the possible influence of scientists’ mobility in the adoption of newer views or theories. A short overview of key points of the social and scientific background in nineteenth-century Spain locates the expounded facts in an appropriate context. Three leading threads are followed. First is the consideration of the mobility of some Spanish mathematicians during a period including World

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Ganin, Andrey V. "“So he remained only ours and only his own...”: Dragoljub Jovanović about Fyodor Makhin." Slavic Almanac, no. 3-4 (2021): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2021.3-4.6.02.

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This is a publication of a fragment of memoirs of the Yugoslav politician and scientist Dragoljub Jovanović that describes his meeting and working together with a prominent Russian emigrant in Yugoslavia, Fedor Yevdokimovich Makhin. The main focus of the published essay is on the organization of assistance to Republican Spain during the Civil War of 1936–1939, as well as to the anti-fascist movement in Europe.

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Nelson, Sioban, Paola Galbany-Estragués, and Gloria Gallego-Caminero. "The Nurses No-One Remembers: Looking for Spanish Nurses in Accounts of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)." Nursing History Review 28, no. 1 (2019): 63–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1062-8061.28.63.

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Accounts of Spanish nursing and nurses during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) that appear in the memoirs and correspondence of International Brigade volunteers, and are subsequently repeated in the secondary literature on the war, give little indication of existence of trained nurses in country. We set out to examine this apparent erasure of the long tradition of skilled nursing in Spain and the invisibility of thousands of Spanish nurses engaged in the war effort. We ask two questions: How can we understand the narrative thrust of the international volunteer accounts and subsequent historio

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Pérez Baquero, Rafael. "Rethinking the Historiography of the Spanish Civil War: Multifarious approaches to a contested past." Historia Y Memoria, no. 25 (July 6, 2022): 275–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/20275137.n25.2022.11552.

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This paper aims to delve into the underlying trends of the contemporary historiography of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).Under the guidance of historical accounts developed outside Spain before the end of the Francoist dictatorship (1939-1977), and during the transition to democracy (1977-1983), some Spanish historians strove to write a bias-free and fact-based depiction of the war and its aftermath. By relying on closereadings of historical documents, those historians assumed their methodology to be the most accurate when dealing with historical events that are so contested. However, recen

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Maldonado-Alemán, Manuel. "Escritura y testimonio. Ruth Rewald y la Guerra Civil española." Revista de Filología de la Universidad de La Laguna, no. 50 (2025): 131–50. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.refiull.2025.50.07.

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A large group of women writers, journalists, and photographers from various countries went to the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), which aroused enormous international interest at the time, and they assumed considerable political and professional commitment during the conflict. Among them was Ruth Rewald (1906-1942), a German writer of children’s and young adult literature who, in early November 1937, travelled to Spain from Paris, where she was living in exile, to gather information and write a book about the situation of Spanish children in the war. During the four months she stayed in Spain,

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Макарин, А. В., та С. В. Рац. "МЕСТО И РОЛЬ СССР ПО РАЗРЕШЕНИЮ ВОЕННО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КОНФЛИКТА В ИСПАНИИ (1936–1939)". Konfliktologia 15, № 1 (2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31312/2310-6085-2020-15-1-66-73.

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Nowadays, there is a strong need for the multidimensional socio-political comprehension of the Russia’s modern stage development. This stage allows us making a research on the reforms’ results in the context of the state institutions. The process of the certain results and meaning rethinking of these changes both on the post-soviet space en bloc and in Russia in particular. This article in this sense is aimed at the investigation of the state’s role and place in the historical dimension. The permanent interest to the state’s role and place as well as the variety of its interactions with other

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Alcalde, Ángel. "War Veterans and Fascism during the Franco Dictatorship in Spain (1936–1959)." European History Quarterly 47, no. 1 (2016): 78–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691416674417.

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This article argues that analysis and contextualization of the history of the Francoist veterans of the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) leads to an understanding of Franco’s dictatorship as a fascist regime typical of the late 1930s and early 1940s. It reveals the congruence of the regime with the phenomenon of neo-fascism during the Cold War era. Drawing on a large range of archival and published sources, this article examines the history of the main Francoist veterans’ organization, the Delegación Nacional de Excombatientes (DNE) of the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS (FET-JONS),

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Tilley-Lubbs, Gresilda A. "Fear and Silence Meet Ignorance." Ethnographic Edge 3 (December 4, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15663/tee.v3i1.53.

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When I studied in Spain in 1969 and 1970, I knew about the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), briefly mentioned in my Spanish history books; General.simo Francisco Franco declared victory. I knew Spain through my graduate studies in Spanish literature and through Michener’s book Iberia (1968). In 2000, I met Jordi Calvera, a Catal.n whose post-war stories conflicted with that idyllic Spain. I returned to Spain in 2013, still with no idea of the impact of the totalitarian dictatorship based on fear and silence through which Franco ruled until his death in 1975, leaving a legacy of fear and silence.

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Ismael, Ramos. "La actividad musical de Ángel Barrios durante la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939) The musical activity of Ángel Barrios during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)." Música Oral del Sur, no. 11 (December 11, 2014): 274–301. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636544.

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Resumen: El compositor Ángel Barrios tuvo una destacada participación artística y musical en Granada durante la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939) que, con posterioridad, sirvió para construir las bases del resurgimiento musical de esta ciudad durante la posguerra. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir brevemente el contexto cultural y musical de Granada durante este periodo y determinar las diversas facetas en que se vio proyectada la actividad artística y musical de Ángel Barrios durante dicho periodo: como compositor, como intérprete

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Navarro de la Fuente, Santiago. "Ultramontanismo, tradición y devoción. “El Día del Papa” durante la Guerra Civil." Vínculos de Historia Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, no. 11 (June 22, 2022): 480–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2022.11.23.

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RESUMENEl “triunfo del ultramontanismo” durante la edad contemporánea ha marcado la evolución del catolicismo de los últimos siglos, otorgando al Papa un mayor control sobre una Iglesia que ha mirado a Roma con el propósito de plegarse a las formas y disposiciones del sucesor de San Pedro. En España, esta evolución fue acompañada tanto de la vinculación de la identidad católica con la nacional como de la división entre los católicos en razón de los diferentes programas políticos desde la irrupción del liberalismo. Ambos fenómenos influyeron decisivamente en la pugna interna habida en el bando

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Sánchez León, Pablo. "Overcoming the Violent Past in Spain, 1939–2009." European Review 20, no. 4 (2012): 492–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798712000063.

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Although part of a wider cultural and political phenomenon in world democracies, the revival movement on memory from traumatic past events has in the case of Spain strong contextual bearings. Drawing on the concept of ‘regimes of memory’, this article discusses two successive patterns of supply and demand of discourse and policies on memory from the end of the 1936–1939 Civil War to the beginning of the twenty-first century. Describing the rhetoric of ‘total victory’ under Franco's dictatorship, and later of ‘collective and shared guilt’ under democracy, it outlines a dialectics between hegemo

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Balan, Elena G. "Key Trends in the Memorial Urban Toponymy of Francoist Spain in the 20th – 21st Centuries." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v155.

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The paper studies urban place names of the era of the Spanish Civil War (from 1936 to 1939) and the dictatorship of Francisco Franco (from 1939 to 1975) in the context of the historical memory in contemporary Spain. The material included academic articles on historical memory, publications in the mass media, pieces of legislation, and data from the National Statistics Institute (Spain). Turning to toponyms allows us to provide insights into the problem of historical memory in Spain after the end of the dictatorship in 1975. The 1977 Amnesty Law (Ley de Amnistía de 1977) stipulated the oblivion

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Marco, Jorge, and Mercedes Yusta Rodrigo. "Irregular War, Local Community and Intimate Violence in Spain (1939–1952)." European History Quarterly 49, no. 2 (2019): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691419833612.

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Spain was the first country where the anti-fascist resistance manifested itself through the violence of arms, in response to the military coup of 1936 which triggered a bloody civil war. It was also the last to lay down arms in the 1950s after a long post-war period when groups of armed opponents continued the struggle against dictatorship, especially in the countryside. This contribution analyses the specificities of the violence experienced after the official end of the war, as well as that of the groups of resistance and the repression of a large part of the rural population, suspected by t

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Peck, Mary Biggar. "Red Moon over Spain: Canadian Media Reaction to the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939." Labour / Le Travail 23 (1989): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25143215.

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Jensen, Geoffrey. "The Splintering of Spain: Cultural History and the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 (review)." Journal of Military History 70, no. 4 (2006): 1154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2006.0251.

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Kruizinga, Samuël. "Struggling to Fit in. The Dutch in a Transnational Army, 1936–1939." Journal of Modern European History 16, no. 2 (2018): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1611-8944-2018-2-183.

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Struggling to Fit In. The Dutch in a Transnational Army, 1936-1939 The Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) possessed a transnational resonance that echoed far beyond the borders of the country in which it was fought. It drew thousands of foreign fighters to Spain where, as many believed, the future of Europe would be decided. Most of them fought on the side of the embattled Republican government against an uprising supported by international Fascism. Given the foreign fighters’ similar socio-economic backgrounds and shared anti-Fascist sentiment, historians have suggested that the «International Bri

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McLauchlin, Theodore, and Álvaro La Parra-Pérez. "Disloyalty and Logics of Fratricide in Civil War: Executions of Officers in Republican Spain, 1936-1939." Comparative Political Studies 52, no. 7 (2018): 1028–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414018774373.

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Violence within armed groups in civil wars is important and understudied. Linking literatures on civil war violence and military politics, this article asks when this fratricidal violence targets soldiers who try to defect, and when it does not. It uses a unique data set of executions of officers on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War. The article finds that while much of the violence appeared to target those who actually tried to defect, many nondefectors were likely shot too, due most likely to a pervasive stereotype that officers in general were disloyal to the Republic. This stere

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Angulo Menassé, Andrea. "The Ongoing Legacy of the Spanish Civil War for One Family." Social Medicine 4, no. 3 (2009): 148–54. https://doi.org/10.71164/socialmedicine.v4i3.2009.339.

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This paper examines the health consequences of the Spanish Civil War for a family of Repub-lican militiamen who defended the socialist project in a divided Spain between 1936 and 1939. The consequences of the Civil War are traced in their children and grandchildren. Interviews with members of a family of socialist political exiles revealed how the war against Spanish fascism affected their lives and their bodies. As children, the adults had been forced to flee Spain for their very lives, accompanying their parents first to France and later to America. Once the war was over, those who remained

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Malay, Vera. "SOVIET DIPLOMACY IN SPAIN: FROM THE PROCLAMATION OF THE SECOND REPUBLIC TO THE POPULAR FRONT." Latin-American Historical Almanac 32, no. 1 (2021): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2021-32-1-91-107.

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Based on the analysis of published and archival materials of the WUAs of the Russian Federation (7 funds) and Western European foreign poli-cy documents, the article traces the activities of Soviet diplomacy in Spain during the Civil War of 1936-1939. The tactics of the Soviet en-voy, Consul General in Barcelona, temporary attorneys, their interac-tion with Spanish politicians, military, contradictions between Soviet representatives in Madrid and Barcelona are analyzed. The activity of professional diplomats Rosenberg M., Gaikis L., Antonov-Ovseenko V. in Spain was not always correct and toler

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Anduaga, Aitor. "Towards a New Sphere of Practices and Knowledge: The Militarization of Meteorology in Francoist Spain." Science in Context 26, no. 1 (2013): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889712000282.

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ArgumentThis paper analyzes the concept of militarization in both senses of the word, that of mobilization for war and that of social control exercised by military forces. During the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), the role and nature of meteorology was transformed by the rebel band on the basis of the mythification of a Service model that was supported by victory and that would be projected as a paradigm for the postwar years. The new Servicio Meteorológico Nacional reflected the social control exerted by the Franco regime and its aeronautical and military interests. The “amphibianism” – or qu

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Druzhkin, S. M., and K. V. Igaeva. "White Emigrants’ Memories about the Civil War in Spain 1936-1939: Features of Military Narrative." Prepodavatel XXI vek, no. 1-2 (2022): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2022-1-236-243.

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Hughes, Richard, and Andrew Hakes. "Book Review of Spain in Our Hearts: Americans in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 43, no. 2 (2019): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.43.2.54-56.

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Barceló Bauzà, Gabriel. "Photography and school culture in post-war Spain (1939-1945). A look at Majorca." Encounters in Theory and History of Education 17 (November 29, 2016): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/eoe-ese-rse.v17i0.6289.

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This article forms part of more extensive research on the changes that took place in school culture during the Fascist dictatorship in the years following the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). That research is limited to the island of Majorca and draws from a variety of different sources, including photographs. The present paper focuses on analyzing the sources of such photographs, although other testimonies and sources are also taken into account when the conclusions are drawn. The elements featured here provide material for furthering the debate on the possibilities photography offers in detect

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Hernández Huerta, José Luis. "Extensions of schooling environments into the local community, and social construction of democracy in Spain (1931-1939). Contributions made by the Freinet pedagogical movement." Cadernos de História da Educação 18, no. 1 (2019): 122–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/che-v18n1-2019-7.

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This article highlights the social nature of the Freinet movement in Spain during the period of the Second Republic (1931-1936) and the Civil War (1936-1939), and investigates the community-based aspect of its schooling practices. To begin with, we examine a number of aspects of Spain’s Freinet movement which help to see it as a social movement as well as a pedagogical one. Then, we study a) the main strategies employed by teachers to facilitate the social building of democracy through the schooling system, and b) the most significant extensions of the school into the local community, which he

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Faria, Fábio Alexandre. "Passando a fronteira em tempos conturbados. Refugiados espanhóis em Portugal no decorrer da década de 1930." História: Revista da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto 13, no. 1 (2023): 54–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/0871164x/hist13_1a4.

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This article intends to analyze the presence of Spanish refugees in Portugal during the 1930s. It seeks to understand the differences and similarities that characterized the various moments of arrival of refugees in the country, especially after 1931, following the establishment of the Second Republic in Spain, and between 1936 and 1939, in the contexto of the civil war. It also seeks to understand how the Salazar's regime reacted to each of them, taking into account the Iberian context of the period in question, which was highly troubled and marked by several changes in relations between coun

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Belaustegi, Unai, and Xabier Irujo. "Making Public Memory." Public Historian 44, no. 2 (2022): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2022.44.2.82.

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This case study discusses how Basque public memory of the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) and the subsequent dictatorship (1939–75) is built in part by public history associations. The authors have analyzed seventy-five associations and have drawn two conclusions. First, despite criticisms directed at their methodology, the work of investigation and dissemination carried out by these associations has been essential for society to learn about these events from the past. Second, the appearance of public history associations coincides with the internet boom and a period known in Spain as the “resurge

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Krylov, Vladimir A. "Spain and the Spaniards through the eyes of the Extraordinary British Ambassador Samuel Hoare (1940–1944)." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 23, no. 3 (2023): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2023-23-3-357-363.

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Based on the materials of the memoirs of the participants of the events and the business correspondence of the embassy with the British government, the image of the Spanish people in the representations of the British ambassador to Spain – Samuel Hoare, who held the post from 1940 to 1944, is considered. The Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939 led to a crisis in many spheres of society. The author comes to the conclusion that the conflict within the state has led to a deep cultural split in Spanish society.

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Poy Castro, Raquel. "Vencedoras y vencidas: las educadoras leonesas ante la Guerra Civil Española." Cuestiones de género: de la igualdad y la diferencia, no. 6 (December 15, 2011): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/cg.v0i6.3772.

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<p>A comienzos del siglo XX un notable número de educadoras españolas tuvieron una importante presencia pública. El artículo examina las tensiones entre el hecho de ser educadora y mujer en la España de 1936-1939 en la ciudad de León. Concluye que este periodo conflictivo impulsó a las educadoras a la acción política apoyando el movimiento de reformas en Educación o, en el lado opuesto, el tradicionalismo conservador. El trabajo relaciona las causas por las que recibieron represión física y política durante y después de la Guerra civil española.</p><p>In the early 20th centur

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Alary, Viviane. "The Spanish Tebeo." European Comic Art 2, no. 2 (2009): 253–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/eca.2009.5.

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It seems difficult to speak about comic art in Spain without considering what tebeos mean to Spaniards. This term is not simply a Spanish translation of bande dessinée. It refers to a special kind of comic strip aimed at children, which appeared in the late 1920s. Tebeos were the only available mass medium in Spain after the Civil War (1936-1939). In this contribution we want to analyse tebeos as an editorial, social and cultural phenomenon, with the aim of demonstrating that 'tebeo-culture' survived even after the collapse of the 'tebeo-industry' in the 1970s and 1980s. In addition, we will e

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Guilat, Yael, and Antonio B. Espinosa-Ramírez. "The Historical Memory Law and its role in redesigning semiotic cityscapes in Spain." Linguistic Landscape. An international journal 2, no. 3 (2016): 247–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ll.2.3.03gui.

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In its Historical Memory Law (October 2007), Spain recognized victims on both sides of its 1936–1939 Civil War and established entitlements for victims and descendants of victims of the war and the Franco regime that followed (1939–1975). The law requires authorities to remove Francoist symbols and signs from public buildings and spaces, rename streets and squares, and cleanse the public space of monuments and artifacts that glorify or commemorate the regime. By allowing exceptions on artistic, architectural, or religious grounds, however, the law triggered persistent public struggles over mon

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Searle, Alaric. "Candil, Anthony J. Tank Combat in Spain: Armored Warfare during the Spanish Civil War 1936-1939." History: Reviews of New Books 49, no. 6 (2021): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2021.1986788.

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Yanes-Mesa, Julio Antonio. "The propaganda of the Spain national radio in the Canaries during the Civil War, 1936–1939." Anàlisi, no. 41 (February 11, 2011): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7238/a.v0i41.1194.

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