Relevant bibliographies by topics / Jackal

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Academic literature on the topic 'Jackal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Jackal"

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Rhodes, C. J., R. P. D. Atkinson, R. M. Anderson, and D. W. Macdonald. "Rabies in Zimbabwe: reservoir dogs and the implications for disease control." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 353, no. 1371 (June 29, 1998): 999–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0263.

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Using detailed field study observations of the side–striped jackal ( Canis adustus ) and a simple stochastic model of the transmission dynamics of the virus and host demography, we discuss the epidemiology of rabies virus infection in the jackal population of Zimbabwe. Of the two jackal species in Zimbabwe, the other being the black–backed jackal ( Canis mesomelas ), the bulk of notified rabies cases are in side–striped jackals. Specifically, we show that the side–striped jackal population itself does not seem able to support rabies infection endemically, i.e. without frequent reintroduction from outside sources of infection. We argue that this is probably because the overall average jackal population density is too low to maintain the chain of infection. This study suggests that the disease is regularly introduced to jackals by rabid dogs from populations associated with human settlements. Given the rapidly rising dog population in Zimbabwe, estimates are derived of the future incidence of jackal rabies based on different dog vaccination scenarios.
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Ohnuma, Reiko. "The Heretical, Heterodox Howl: Jackals in Pāli Buddhist Literature." Religions 10, no. 3 (March 22, 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10030221.

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Buddhist literature in Pāli presents a world that is rich in animal imagery, with some animals carrying largely positive associations and other animals seen in a consistently negative light. Among the many species that populate the Pāli imaginaire, the jackal bears a particular status as a much-maligned beast. Jackals are depicted in Pāli literature as lowly, inferior, greedy, and cunning creatures. The jackal, as a natural scavenger, exists on the periphery of both human and animal society and is commonly associated with carrion, human corpses, impurity, and death. In this paper, I am interested in the use of the jackal as an image for both heresy and heterodoxy—that is, the jackal’s consistent association with heretical Buddhist figures, such as Devadatta, and with heterodox teachers, such as the leaders of competing samaṇa movements. Why was the jackal such an appropriate animal to stand for those who hold the wrong views? And how does association with such an animal sometimes result in a particularly nefarious sort of dehumanization that goes against the teachings of Buddhism?
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Stoyanov, Stoyan. "Cranial variability and differentiation among golden jackals (Canis aureus) in Europe, Asia Minor and Africa." ZooKeys 917 (March 9, 2020): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.917.39449.

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Golden jackal (Canis aureus) expansion in the last decades has triggered research interest in Europe. However, jackal phylogeny and taxonomy are still controversial. Morphometric studies in Europe found differences between Dalmatian and the other European jackals. Recent genetic studies revealed that African and Eurasian golden jackals are distinct species. Moreover, large Canis aureus lupaster may be a cryptic subspecies of the African golden jackal. Although genetic studies suggest changes in Canis aureus taxonomy, morphological and morphometric studies are still needed. The present study proposes the first comprehensive analysis on a wide scale of golden jackal skull morphometry. Extensive morphometric data of jackal skulls from Europe (including a very large Bulgarian sample), Asia Minor, and North Africa were analysed, by applying recently developed statistical tools, to address the following questions: (i) is there geographic variation in skull size and shape among populations from Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus?, (ii) is the jackal population from the Dalmatian coast different?, and (iii) is there a clear distinction between the Eurasian golden jackal (Canis aureus) and the African wolf (Canis lupaster sensu lato), and among populations of African wolves as well? Principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis were applied on the standardized and log-transformed ratios of the original measurements to clearly separate specimens by shape and size. The results suggest that jackals from Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus belong to one subspecies: Canis aureus moreotica (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1835), despite the differences in shape of Dalmatian specimens. The present study confirmed morphometrically that all jackals included so far in the taxon Canis aureus sensu lato may represent three taxa and supports the hypothesis that at least two different taxa (species?) of Canis occur in North Africa, indicating the need for further genetic, morphological, behavioural and ecological research to resolve the taxonomic uncertainty. The results are consistent with recent genetic and morphological studies and give further insights on golden jackal taxonomy. Understanding the species phylogeny and taxonomy is crucial for the conservation and management of the expanding golden jackal population in Europe.
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Halász, Tibor, Gábor Nagy, István Nagy, and Ágnes Csivincsik. "Micro-Epidemiological Investigation of Echinococcus multilocularis in Wild Hosts from an Endemic Area of Southwestern Hungary." Parasitologia 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia1030017.

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Echinococcus multilocularis is a tapeworm causing severe zoonotic disease in temperate Europe. Between 2018 and 2020, 68 golden jackals and 94 red foxes were investigated to determine the prevalence of E. multilocularis infection and its driving factors. The overall prevalence (golden jackal: 41.2%; red fox: 12.5%) significantly differed, whereas the mean intensities did not. The spatial scan statistics revealed three significant clusters of E. multilocularis infection. The binary logistic and ordinal regression results revealed that the golden jackal is more likely to become infected than the red fox, and the probability of infection level was also higher in jackals. Our findings highlight the golden jackal’s role, which could be as important as the red fox in the spread of this severe zoonotic agent. This micro-epidemiological approach can advance the knowledge on local drivers which facilitate the spread of E. multilocularis and could cause a relevant public health problem on the continent.
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Ćirović, D., I. Pavlović, A. Penezić, Z. Kulišić, and S. Selaković. "Levels of infection of intestinal helminth species in the golden jackal Canis aureus from Serbia." Journal of Helminthology 89, no. 1 (August 13, 2013): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x13000552.

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AbstractDuring the past decade, golden jackal populations have substantially increased, yet little is known of their potential for transmitting parasites within animal and human hosts. In the present study, between 2005 and 2010, 447 jackals from six localities in Serbia were examined for intestinal parasites. Two species of trematodes (Alaria alata, Pseudamphistomum truncatum), three nematodes (Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum, Gongylonema sp.), and seven cestodes (Taenia pisiformis, Taenia hydatigena, Multiceps multiceps, Multiceps serialis, Mesocestoides lineatus, Mesocestoides litteratus, Dipylidium caninum) were identified. Pseudamphistomum truncatum and M. serialis species were recorded for the first time. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 10.3%. No significant differences were found in the prevalence of infection between males and females (P>0.817), between localities (P>0.502), or with regard to annual cycles (P>0.502). In the infected jackal population, 65% harboured multiple infections and one individual was a host to five different types of parasite species, the highest number of parasites we recorded in a single host. These findings indicate that although the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in the jackal population in Serbia is significantly lower than expected from earlier studies, further monitoring is required given the jackal's rapid population increase.
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Shumsky, Dimitry. "Czechs, Germans, Arabs, Jews: Franz Kafka's “Jackals and Arabs” between Bohemia and Palestine." AJS Review 33, no. 1 (March 30, 2009): 71–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s036400940900004x.

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Franz Kafka's short story “Schakale und Araber” (Jackals and Arabs) was published in October 1917 in the monthly journalDer Jude, the intellectual organ of German-speaking Zionism founded and edited by Martin Buber. The narrator, an unidentified and pleasant-mannered European man traveling in the desert, makes a stop at an oasis in an Arab area. The circumstances of his journey and its objectives are unknown. It becomes apparent from his story that the man has come to the Arab desert merely by chance “from the far North,” and that he has no intention of remaining in the area for long. All of a sudden, shortly after his “tall [and] white” Arab host has retired to the sleeping area, the narrator finds himself completely surrounded by a pack of jackals. One of them, who introduces himself as “the oldest jackal far and wide,” approaches the man and implores him to solve once and for all the long-standing dispute between the jackals and the Arabs, as the traveler alone—a man hailing from those countries in which reason reigns supreme, which is not the case among the Arabs—is capable of doing so. Once the jackal elder has related to the European traveler the story of his tribe's tribulations, and how they have been compelled to reside alongside the “filthy Arabs” from one generation to the next, another jackal produces a pair of scissors, which, according to the jackals' ancient belief, is to serve the long-awaited man of reason “from the North” to rescue them from their abhorrent and hated neighbors. But at that moment, the Arab caravan leader appears, wielding an immense whip. The reader learns that not only was the Arab awake while the jackal elder sought to persuade the European man to undertake the salvation project and listening attentively to the jackal's words, but in fact, he has been well aware of the jackals' intentions for a long time:It's common knowledge; so long as Arabs exist, that pair of scissors goes wandering through the desert and will wander with us to the end of our days. Every European is offered it for the great work; every European is just the man that Fate has chosen for them. They have the most lunatic hopes, these beasts; they're just fools, utter fools.
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Galov, Ana, Elena Fabbri, Romolo Caniglia, Haidi Arbanasić, Silvana Lapalombella, Tihomir Florijančić, Ivica Bošković, Marco Galaverni, and Ettore Randi. "First evidence of hybridization between golden jackal ( Canis aureus ) and domestic dog ( Canis familiaris ) as revealed by genetic markers." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 12 (December 2015): 150450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150450.

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Interspecific hybridization is relatively frequent in nature and numerous cases of hybridization between wild canids and domestic dogs have been recorded. However, hybrids between golden jackals ( Canis aureus ) and other canids have not been described before. In this study, we combined the use of biparental (15 autosomal microsatellites and three major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci) and uniparental (mtDNA control region and a Y-linked Zfy intron) genetic markers to assess the admixed origin of three wild-living canids showing anomalous phenotypic traits. Results indicated that these canids were hybrids between golden jackals and domestic dogs. One of them was a backcross to jackal and another one was a backcross to dog, confirming that golden jackal–domestic dog hybrids are fertile. The uniparental markers showed that the direction of hybridization, namely females of the wild species hybridizing with male domestic dogs, was common to most cases of canid hybridization. A melanistic 3bp-deletion at the K locus ( β -defensin CDB103 gene), that was absent in reference golden jackal samples, but was found in a backcross to jackal with anomalous black coat, suggested its introgression from dogs via hybridization. Moreover, we demonstrated that MHC sequences, although rarely used as markers of hybridization, can be also suitable for the identification of hybrids, as long as haplotypes are exclusive for the parental species.
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Chawla, Malaika Mathew, Arjun Srivathsa, Priya Singh, Iravatee Majgaonkar, Sushma Sharma, Girish Punjabi, and Aditya Banerjee. "Do wildlife crimes against less charismatic species go unnoticed? A case study of Golden Jackal Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758 poaching and trade in India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 15407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5783.12.4.15407-15413.

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Wildlife crimes pertaining to lesser-known species do not usually garner adequate focus or interest by enforcement and conservation agencies. Additionally, illegal wildlife trade fuelled by religious beliefs in sorcery and superstition is an oft-neglected field of research. To draw attention to these two broad issues, we provide a baseline analysis of open-source reports on Golden Jackal Canis aureus poaching and trade in India. We highlight the pervasiveness of an active local and transnational ‘jackal horn’ trade, which is severely under-reported and insufficiently researched. News reports and government seizure data reveal that, between 2013 and 2019, 126 skins, eight tails, more than 370 ‘jackal horns’, 16 skulls and two live jackals have been seized. The demand for the illusionary ‘jackal horn’ appears to be driven by extensive online endorsement and unsubstantiated claims made by religious practitioners, targeted primarily at south Asian markets. This preliminary study is an urgent call for concerted efforts to monitor the illegal trafficking and trade of this common species, with a particular focus on the demand and supply chains.
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Lanszki, J., M. Heltai, and L. Szabó. "Feeding habits and trophic niche overlap between sympatric golden jackal (Canis aureus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the Pannonian ecoregion (Hungary)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 11 (November 2006): 1647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-147.

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The feeding ecology of the golden jackal ( Canis aureus L., 1758) and its interspecific trophic relationship with the sympatric red fox (Vulpes vulpes (L., 1758)) was investigated in an area of recent range expansion of the golden jackal in Hungary, central Europe. Diet composition was determined by scat analysis (over 4 years: jackal 814 scats; fox 894 scats). Compared with jackals, foxes consumed more small mammals (mean biomass consumed: jackal 77%; fox 68%) and to a lesser extent plant matter (6% and 18%, respectively). The importance of other prey, such as wild boar ( Sus scrofa L., 1758), cervids, brown hare ( Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778), birds, reptiles, fish, invertebrates, and domestic animals, was minimal. Both mesocarnivores consumed primarily small animals (<50 g: 92% and 87%, respectively); this implies a typical searching and solitary hunting strategy. The trophic niche breadth of both species was very narrow and the fox proved to be more of a generalist. The food overlap index between the two canids was high (mean, 73%) and varied with the decreasing availability and consumption of small mammals. Based on prey remains found in scats, small-mammal specialization over a 2-year period and seasonal predation upon wild boar piglets (mainly by the jackal), seasonal fruit eating (mainly by the fox), and scavenging on wild or domestic ungulates (both predators) were found.
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Rozhenko, Mykola. "The current state of the golden jackal population in the Lower Dnister National Nature Park." Theriologia Ukrainica 2021, no. 21 (July 1, 2021): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tu2109.

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With the advent of the golden jackal in the Lower Dnister, certain changes have taken place in natural complexes, which are primarily related to the impact of the new species on the local fauna. Under such conditions, the number of jackals in certain areas, the spatial structure and location of separate packs are important information for the development of measures aimed at maintaining an optimal abundance of this species. Given the active impact of wildlife on natural systems, there are a number of both biological and purely social problems that need to be addressed. The effectiveness of solving such problems directly depends on the level of study of various aspects of biology and ecology of jackals. In addition, knowledge of the current state of the Dnister jackal population allows timely and effective response to new environmental challenges, which are associated with an increase in the abundance of new species and in its impact on the native mammal fauna. The results of the research indicate a certain competition of the jackal with other species of predatory mammals, in particular the fox and the raccoon dog. Thus, within the territories where the study was carried out, with the appearance of the jackal at the lower course of the Dnister, the red fox was not observed at all and the number of raccoon dogs decreased significantly. Habitats of separate jackal groups within the Lower Dnister National Nature Park have been identified and their total abundance has been established. The dynamics of settlement by the species of the Lower Dnister area is analysed, the conservatism of the species in relation to the residential areas is indicated. It has been established that in some parts of the park, in particular on the northern bank of the Dnister Estuary, the density of animals is about 12 individuals per 1000 hectares, which significantly exceeds the permissible sanitary and epidemiological standards. At the same time, in some parts of the floodplains of the Lower Dnister, density exceeds 0.5 individuals per 1000 ha, which indicates a complex spatial distribution of separate packs and groups of jackals. Mapping of the number of jackals in the park showed that groups far from the estuary are smaller in number (6–14 individuals), whereas groups near the estuary are more abundant (13–20 individuals).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Jackal"

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Pathare, Sneha P. "Detection of black-backed jackal in still images." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97023.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa, black-back jackal (BBJ) predation of sheep causes heavy losses to sheep farmers. Different control measures such as shooting, gin-traps and poisoning have been used to control the jackal population; however, these techniques also kill many harmless animals, as they fail to differentiate between BBJ and harmless animals. In this project, a system is implemented to detect black-backed jackal faces in images. The system was implemented using the Viola-Jones object detection algorithm. This algorithm was originally developed to detect human faces, but can also be used to detect a variety of other objects. The three important key features of the Viola-Jones algorithm are the representation of an image as a so-called ”integral image”, the use of the Adaboost boosting algorithm for feature selection, and the use of a cascade of classifiers to reduce false alarms. In this project, Python code has been developed to extract the Haar-features from BBJ images by acting as a classifier to distinguish between a BBJ and the background. Furthermore, the feature selection is done using the Asymboost instead of the Adaboost algorithm so as to achieve a high detection rate and low false positive rate. A cascade of strong classifiers is trained using a cascade learning algorithm. The inclusion of a special fifth feature Haar feature, adapted to the relative spacing of the jackal’s eyes, improves accuracy further. The final system detects 78% of the jackal faces, while only 0.006% of other image frames are wrongly identified as faces.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Swartrugjakkalse veroorsaak swaar vee-verliese in Suid Afrika. Teenmaatreels soos jag, slagysters en vergiftiging word algemeen gebruik, maar is nie selektief genoeg nie en dood dus ook vele nie-teiken spesies. In hierdie projek is ’n stelsel ontwikkel om swartrugjakkals gesigte te vind op statiese beelde. Die Viola-Jones deteksie algoritme, aanvanklik ontwikkel vir die deteksie van mens-gesigte, is hiervoor gebruik. Drie sleutel-aspekte van hierdie algoritme is die voorstelling van ’n beeld deur middel van ’n sogenaamde integraalbeeld, die gebruik van die ”Adaboost” algoritme om gepaste kenmerke te selekteer, en die gebruik van ’n kaskade van klassifiseerders om vals-alarm tempos te verlaag. In hierdie projek is Python kode ontwikkel om die nuttigste ”Haar”-kenmerke vir die deteksie van dié jakkalse te onttrek. Eksperimente is gedoen om die nuttigheid van die ”Asymboost” algoritme met die van die ”Adaboost” algoritme te kontrasteer. ’n Kaskade van klassifiseerders is vir beide van hierdie tegnieke afgerig en vergelyk. Die resultate toon dat die kenmerke wat die ”Asymboost” algoritme oplewer, tot laer vals-alarm tempos lei. Die byvoeging van ’n spesiale vyfde tipe Haar-kenmerk, wat aangepas is by die relatiewe spasieëring van die jakkals se oë, verhoog die akkuraatheid verder. Die uiteindelike stelsel vind 78% van die gesigte terwyl slegs 0.006% ander beeld-raampies verkeerdelik as gesigte geklassifiseer word.
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Bussiahn, Frans Ernst Carl. "The diet of the black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) and caracal (Felis caracal) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006489.

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The black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) and the caracal (Felis caracal) are considered by most farmers in the Eastern Cape to be responsible for excessive livestock losses (sheep and goats) and are, as such, hunted extensively within the Province. Stomach content analyses of individuals killed during predator control operations indicate that caracal are opportunistic hunters of small to medium-sized mammals, preying predominantly on antelope within farmland. Black-backed jackal are opportunistic omnivores, preying predominantly on livestock and antelope in farmland, while invertebrates and antelope constitute the major food items within a game reserve. The diet of caracal was found to be largely influenced by the age of individual animals with old and young animals being the predominant killers of livestock, whereas black-backed jackal diet is influenced primarily by the social structure exhibited by the species, with male animals exhibiting a marked summer peak in livestock killing, due to the increased energetic demands of parental care associated with a long term pair bond. Two caracal (a sub-adult male and adult female), were radio-tracked within farmland for a total of twelve months, yielding the smallest recorded homerange sizes for the species to date (2.1km² and 1.3km² respectively). No livestock losses were recorded within these homeranges for the duration of the study. These data suggest a relatively high abundance of caracal within Lower Albany and further illustrate that individual animals are capable of preying solely on natural prey species over an extended period, when occurring within livestock farming areas. The analysis of local hunt club records and questionnaires revealed a higher incidence of local black-backed jackal (15.2 PD/Kill), than caracal (34.7 PD/Kill), with a marked seasonal peak in kills, for both species, occurring during summer months. The use of hound packs was found to be more effective in reducing the overall abundance of caracal than black-backed jackal, as this technique was seen to eliminate more adult female caracal than black-backed jackal, during the respective breeding season of each species. Local hunt club owners and farmers were more accurate in identifying problem black-backed jackal (74%), than caracal (59%). Recommendations are presented for minimizing stock losses through the application of selective control of specific problem animals, the use of various control measures and encouraging natural prey abundance.
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Brassine, Mathilde Chloé. "The diet and ecological role of black-backed jackals, Canis Mesomelas, in two conservation areas in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005344.

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Mammalian predators are keystone species and can have disproportionately large impacts, relative to their abundance, on the communities and ecosystems they inhabit. In addition, predator-prey interactions (including bottom-up and top-down effects) are the fundamental linkage among species in food webs. Thus, understanding the food requirements of predators is imperative. There have been no comprehensive studies on the diet of black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) across a full seasonal cycle in the Albany Thicket Biome of the Eastern Cape Province. This biome is rich in plant diversity, is highly nutritious for herbivores and supports a large number of mammalian species, yet it is poorly conserved. The aim of the present study was to establish the diet of black-backed jackals on two conservation areas where thicket vegetation dominates (Great Fish River Reserve and Kwandwe Private Game Reserve). The diet was assessed using scats collected monthly from June 2009 to May 2010 and a sample of 25 stomachs over the same period. At both sites and across all seasons, mammalian hair was encountered most often (93% of all scats) and a total of 23 mammal species were consumed. Of the mammals recorded in the scats, hair from several ungulate species was encountered most frequently and these were mostly hider species (offspring hidden in tall vegetation just after birth). On a seasonal basis, the proportion of mammalian hair was lowest in autumn. However, the contribution of fruits (Carissa haematocarpa, Diospyros lycioides and Grewia robusta) to the diet was significantly higher during this season. This suggests that black-backed jackals may employ diet switching in the Eastern Cape as a mechanism to capitalise on seasonally abundant food sources. Based on the stomach content analysis, invertebrates were consumed as frequently as mammalian prey throughout the year but mammalian prey was recorded in greater quantity (i.e. volume and mass). Thus, scat analysis may have overestimated mammalian prey and fruits and underestimated the importance of invertebrates, particularly highly digestible species (e.g. termites). In spite of these differences, scat analysis demonstrated similar general and seasonal trends as the stomach content analysis. Thus, scat analysis can provide an efficient and relatively accurate source of information on the diet of blackbacked jackals in the Eastern Cape. Both stomach content and scat collection methods depicted the black-backed jackal as a generalist and opportunistic predator, mainly relying on mammals and invertebrates. Although the results of my study suggest that black-backed jackal may be important predators of certain ungulate species, further study on their prey preferences, actual biomass ingested and the effects on the population viability of prey species is required in order to develop a robust management plan for the species in the protected areas of the Eastern Cape.
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Forbes, Ross William. "The diet of black-backed jackal (Canis Mesomelas) on two contrasting land-use types in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa and the validation of a new analytical method of mammalian hair identification." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005345.

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Diet assessments are critical for understanding the foraging behaviour, habitat use and trophic separation of mammalian predators and are vital for gaining insight into how predators influence prey populations. The aim of this research was to qualitatively describe the diet of black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas, Schreber 1775) using scat analysis on two contrasting land-use types in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Scats were collected on a monthly basis from November 2009 to October 2010 from two game reserves (Great Fish River Reserve and Shamwari Private Game Reserve) and two neighbouring livestock farms. The relative frequency of occurrence of mammal hair (33 – 47 %) and vegetation (32 – 45%)dominated jackal diet throughout the year across the four study sites. Other important prey items included invertebrates (8 – 21 %) and fruit and seeds (3 – 11 %). Birds and reptiles constituted ≤ 2 % of the diet and were only recorded on the game reserves. Significant seasonal dietary shifts were observed on the game reserves but not on the farms. Fruit and seeds were significantly more frequent in the diet during autumn at Great Fish River Reserve and invertebrates were significantly less common in the diet during winter on both reserves. In addition, vegetation was significantly more common in the diet during winter at Shamwari Private Game Reserve. The significant temporal variation of certain prey items is testament to black-backed jackals being opportunistic generalists, foraging on those food items which are most abundant, accessible and energetically beneficial. Land-use type also influenced the diet of black-backed jackals with significantly more invertebrates and, fruit and seeds being recorded on the game reserves than on the farms. By contrast, significantly more mammal hair and vegetation were present in the diet on the farms compared with the game reserves. The mammalian component of the diet was dominated by ruminants and rodents on the game reserves and by ruminants and livestock on the farms. The presence of livestock in the diet of black-backed jackals on the farms highlights their potential impact on the livestock industry in the region and may assist farmers in determining which predators are responsible for stock loss. Previous approaches for identifying mammalian hairs from predator scats have utilised dichotomous keys and reference collections but these are often time-consuming and require a trained individual to carry out the identification. Thus, I also tested the efficacy of an automated pattern recognition programme (HairSnap) for identifying mammalian hairs from black-backed jackal scats. The overall accuracy of the programme was 38 % with black-backed jackal, Greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and striped polecat (Ictonyx striatus) hairs being accurately identified more often (70 – 80 %) than any other species tested. It is likely that both the size and species composition of the sample resulted in the poor accuracy of the programme. However, with the implementation of several improvement measures (e.g. adjustment of the algorithm) the programme may offer a superior, bias-free method of mammalian hair identification. The dietary information gathered here furthers our knowledge of the biology of the blackbacked jackals, especially in the locally important thicket biome. Moreover, understanding their foraging habits allows for more effective management of the species on both game reserves and farmlands. I recommend that future research should focus on quantitatively assessing the diet of black-backed jackals in the Eastern Cape Province and elsewhere. This will compliment the dietary description provided in this study and may offer a biologically more meaningful indication of the relative importance of the prey items.
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Minnie, Liaan. "Effects of lethal management on black-backed jackal population structure and source-sink dynamics." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12658.

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Lethal carnivore management, aimed at reducing carnivore impacts, threatens the persistence of carnivores globally. The effects of killing carnivores will depend on their life histories and social structures. Smaller canids, like black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas), are highly adaptable and display variable population-level responses to mortality sources, which may contribute to their success in fragmented landscapes. Jackals, the dominant predator of livestock in South Africa, are widely hunted to reduce this predation. This hunting is heterogeneous across the landscape, focussed on livestock and game farms, with nature reserves acting as refuges. The aim of this research was to investigate the ecology and population dynamics of jackals in response to heterogeneous anthropogenic mortality. I hypothesized that the spatial variation in hunting results in the formation of a source-sink population structure, which contributes to the persistence of jackals. I addressed this hypothesis by evaluating two criteria, essential for the formation of a source-sink system in larger mammals. Firstly, I confirm that hunting pressures result in the formation of distinct subpopulations with asymmetrical dispersal (i.e. compensatory immigration) from unhunted reserves to neighbouring hunted farms. Secondly, I show that jackal subpopulation display asynchronous demographics, with farm populations displaying a relatively younger age structure and an associated increase in reproductive output (i.e. compensatory reproduction). This confirms the formation of a hunting-induced source-sink system. additionally, I show that jackals have a catholic diet, which confers a level of adaptability to direct (anthropogenic mortality, prey provisioning) and indirect (alteration in prey base) habitat modifications. This dietary flexibility allows jackals to obtain the appropriate resources to achieve reproductive condition. The relatively better body condition of younger jackals in sink habitats allows for compensatory reproduction which contributes to the success of jackals on hunted farms. Based on my findings, I hypothesize that the compensatory life history responses of jackals to anthropogenic mortality may be ascribed to two interconnected mechanism. Dispersal is presumably driven by density-dependent interference competition, as dominant territorial pairs outcompete subordinates in high-density reserve areas, forcing them to disperse onto low-density farms (i.e. ideal despotic model). Additionally, farms likely represent attractive habitats, owing to a reduction in conspecifics and a concomitant increase in resource availability (including anthropogenic resource provisioning). Therefore, dispersing subordinates presumably select for farms which are perceived as good quality habitats, as the high risks of anthropogenic mortality cannot be perceived by dispersing individuals. This results in the formation of an attractive sink or ecological trap. These compensatory processes will continue to counter population management actions as long as recruitment from unmanaged areas persists. This hypothesis provides a conceptual framework for future research directions in understanding jackal persistence and management (i.e. specifically focussing on controlling dispersal) of jackal populations.
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Taylor, McComas. "The fall of the indigo jackal : the discourse of division and Pūrṇabhadra's Pañcatantra /." Albany : State University of New York Press, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41322571x.

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Atkinson, Robert Peter Douglas. "The ecology of the side-striped jackal (Canis adustus Sundevall), a vector of rabies in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389001.

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James, Robert. "The population dynamics of the black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) in game farm ecosystems of South Africa." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2014. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2adb7302-01c8-4f72-aa82-8b1d9dca922f.

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Few studies have attempted to investigate carnivore dynamics in the privatised agricultural sector of South Africa. As such, the effect of lethal predator management on carnivore populations in private game-farms remains unclear. The black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) is one of a number of species that has historically been perceived as a threat to economic security and has frequently been targeted as a pest species. Despite efforts to reduce or remove C. mesomelas from livestock producing areas, recent land owner questionnaires and faecal density surveys report this species as prevalent. The mechanism by which this species persists under such circumstances is currently under debate, and remains a significant question that restricts the sustainable management of this species.
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Murison, Megan Kate. "The roles of black-backed jackals and caracals in issues of human-wildlife conflict in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018667.

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[Partial abstract]: Human-wildlife conflict is a widely observed phenomenon and encompasses a range of negative interactions between humans and wildlife. Depredation upon livestock and game species proves to be the prevalent form of this conflict and often results in the killing of carnivores. Within the South African context, despite intense lethal control, two sympatric mesopredators, the blackbacked jackal (Canis mesomelas) and the caracal (Caracal caracal), remain common enough to be considered a major threat to human livelihoods through depredation. Wildlife ranches and livestock farms dominate the landscape in the Eastern Cape Province. Moreover, human-predator conflict within the region is extensive as both the black-backed jackal and caracal are seen to be inimical by landowners. Understanding this conflict is essential for mitigating any potential adverse environmental reactions (i.e. range collapses or extinctions) and requires knowledge of anthropogenic, ecological and environmental factors. I interviewed 73 land owners across five municipal boundaries in the Eastern Cape to quantify perceptions of predator control methods.
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KARLSSON, MIKAELA. "Regntät moderiktig jacka." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17367.

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Syftet med arbetet är att konstruera en vardaglig jacka som fungerar oavsett väder, genom att undersöka krav och behov, kartlägga tillgängliga metoder, samt möjligheter att enbart använda ytbehandling som regnskydd. Kraven ställs genom att studera litteratur, samt genom en enkätundersökning. Metoderna att uppnå vattentäta textilier kategoriseras i tre grupper; mikroporösa beläggningar och laminat, hydrofila beläggningar och laminat och väldigt tätvävt material. Dess egenskaper presenteras i rapporten, framförallt tätvävt material som visade sig vara det mest passande material för jackans syfte. Möjligheten att uppnå tillräcklig vattentäthet med enbart ytbehandling testades genom att behandla olika bomullstyger, med ytbehandlingar av olika substanser. För att utvärdera effekten utfördes ett spraytest. Det visade sig att ytbehandling ger en begränsad vattenskyddande effekt, vilket inte är tillräcklig för målgruppens behov. En kombination av tätvävt material som kompletteras med membran på de mest utsatta områdena, axlar och övre delen av ryggen samt bröstet ger ett komplett skydd och kan samtidigt konstrueras utan att se teknisk ut.
Program: Textilingenjörsutbildningen
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Books on the topic "Jackal"

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Moehlman, Patricia Des Roses, 1943- ill., ed. Jackal woman: Exploring the world of jackals. New York: Scribner, 1993.

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Jackal bird. Edmonton: Tesseract Books, 1995.

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The jackal. Cairo: Kitaby for Publishing, Printing and Distribution, 2012.

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Jackal: The secret wars of Carlos the Jackal. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998.

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Sharma, Rashmi. The blue jackal. Berkeley, Calif: Vidya Books, 1992.

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Alexander, Jenny. The blue jackal. Harlow: Longman, 2000.

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Ellis, Kate. The Jackal Man. London: Piatkus, 2011.

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Ellis, Kate. The Jackal Man. London: Piatkus, 2011.

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The jackal awakens. Brighton: Millivres Books International, 1995.

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Ellis, Kate. The Jackal Man. London: Piatkus, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Jackal"

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Sanders, Andrew. "The Jackal." In The Companion To ‘A Tale of Two Cities’, 69–73. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003160540-13.

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Klemm, Michael, Jean Christophe Beyler, Ronny T. Lampert, Michael Philippsen, and Philippe Clauss. "Esodyp+: Prefetching in the Jackal Software DSM." In Euro-Par 2007 Parallel Processing, 563–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74466-5_60.

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Foggin, C. M. "The Epidemiological Significance of Jackal Rabies in Zimbabwe." In Rabies in the Tropics, 399–405. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70060-6_53.

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Routledge, Christopher. "Frederick Forsyth (b. 1938), 1971: The Day of the Jackal." In 100 British Crime Writers, 285–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-31902-9_61.

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MacGregor, J. "Suez Canal—Port Said—Lake Menzaleh—The Start—Rogues—Sand Storm-Bears-Ismailia-Crocodile Lake—Murders-Guy Fawkes-Jackal—The Canoe—My Bed." In A Canoe Cruise in Palestine, Egypt and the Waters of Damascus, 1–14. 1.MacGregor, J. - Journeys - Middle East 2.Rob Roy (Canoe) 3.Canoes and canoeing- Middle East - History- 19th century 4.Jordan River - Description and travel 5.Middle East - Description and travel: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315828664-1.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Jacket." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 405. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6562.

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Weik, Martin H. "jacket." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 843. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_9654.

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Mitchell, Claudia, and Fatima S. Khan. "Jackie and Me, Jackie and Us." In Polyvocal Professional Learning through Self-Study Research, 75–91. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-220-2_5.

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Weik, Martin H. "protective jacket." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1360. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_14989.

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Dolan, Jill. "Nurse Jackie." In The Feminist Spectator in Action, 62–66. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-03291-1_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Jackal"

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Cost, R. Scott, Tim Finin, Yannis Labrou, Xiaocheng Luan, Yun Peng, Ian Soboroff, James Mayfield, and Akram Boughannam. "Agent development with Jackal." In the third annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/301136.301233.

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Mirza, U. A., M. A. Sweeney, and A. R. Dean. "Potential Effects Of Jackup Spud Can Penetration On Jacket Piles." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/5762-ms.

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Kagita, Gurumurthy, Mahesh B. Addala, Gudimella G. S. Achary, and Subramanyam V. R. Sripada. "Evaluation of Impact Loads on Offshore Jacket Platform During Float-Over Mating Operation." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95467.

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Abstract In the mating phase of float-over operation, the topsides deck load from the vessel is transferred onto the jacket either by ballasting the vessel or by the combination of ballasting and hydraulic jacking system. During this phase of operation, the topsides and jacket experience impact loads through the contact points in a short duration of time. To evaluate the impact loads and to capture the transient effects precisely, a non-linear time domain hydrodynamic analysis is required. To obtain the design loads, generally the numerical jacking simulation is initiated at the time instant of maximum wave height when the jacking system is used. However, the conservative response may also depend on the relative velocity between the jacket and topsides legs. In this paper, a series of non-linear time domain as well as linear frequency domain hydrodynamic analyses are performed to evaluate the impact loads between 9000 tonne integrated topsides deck and a 4-legged jacket in a water depth of 50 m during float-over mating operation. The simulations are performed using MOSES software. The float-over hardware such as LMUs (leg mating unit), DSUs (deck support unit), Jacks, Fenders and Mooring lines are modelled as appropriate linear / nonlinear springs. The principle of the mating operation is considered through a combination of vessel ballasting and jacking operation. This paper discusses about random wave seed selection, effect of vessel response and wave headings on the impact loads of LMUs and Jacks/DSUs.
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Damasena, Edwin, Ronald Safar, and Sonny T. Sampurno. "Installing a Jacket Structure Over a Subsea Wellhead with a Jack Up Rig." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-18593-ms.

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Damasena, Edwin, Ronald Safar, and Sonny T. Sampurno. "Installing a Jacket Structure Over a Subsea Wellhead with a Jack Up Rig." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/18593-ms.

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Kasahara, Shunichi, and Jun Rekimoto. "JackIn." In AH '14: 5th Augmented Human International Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2582051.2582097.

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Davide, Buondi, Equizi Giacomo, Bolognesi Linda, and Fazzi Maria Adelaide. "Jackit." In the 2014 ACM International Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2641248.2641274.

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Rodríguez, Claudio A., Paulo T. T. Esperança, Mário Moura, and Jacques Raigorodsky. "Offshore Launching of Jack-Up Units: An Experimental Approach." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10313.

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Ships and most offshore structures are commonly launched into water from dry docks. But, sometimes due to practical and economical restrictions, launching of some offshore structures takes place at floating launching platforms, usually barges. The latter type of launching is quite “usual” for jacket rigs. To assess the success of the launch operation usually numerical simulations are enough and model tests are usually not required. However, more recently, as part of the construction project of the new Brazilian jack-up oil platforms, an innovative launching operation was required: launching a jack-up using a jacket launching barge. The marked differences between the two types of structures involve hydrodynamic and structural complexities. From the hydrodynamical point of view, due to its greater volume compared to jackets, the jack-up may be subjected to greater loads as enters in water during launching, and then suffers great motions that may affect the barge motions and these, affect back, the jack-up motions. From the structural point of view, the heavier jack-up structure may cause greater stresses on the barge deck and rocker arms that should be properly addressed in order to determine the necessity for reinforcements in the jack-up and/or the barge. To assess the feasibility of this innovative launching operation, model tests were required to measure the motions of the barge and the jack-up and to evaluate the loads on the rocker arms. The present paper describes the experimental approach developed for simulating this unique launching operation. The calibration procedures are outlined and the main results of the systematic set of tests carried out are presented. Furthermore, the influence of some launching parameters such as friction coefficient, position of the center of gravity of the jack-up and initial launching angle are discussed.
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Gudmestad, Ove T. "Jackup Designed for Optimum Operational Time in Ice Conditions." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83205.

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There is at present a large interest in exploration for hydrocarbons in the Arctic. In shallow waters, up to, say, 70m, jackups are utilized outside the ice season, while there is a wish to extend the season when the jackups can be on site. We will report on an attempt to extend the operational season to earlier installation and later decommissioning than possible with present jackup designs for ice conditions. The installation of the jackup can take place after the ice cover has cleared sufficiently for the jackup to be maneuvered to site. It should be noted that remaining drifting ice ridges may represent a hazard as the drift of these into the jackup legs can damage the legs. The situation is particularly vulnerable when waves or strong currents cause the remaining of the ridges to impact with the jackup legs. During the operational season the jackup will operate in conventional mode. This phase should NOT been forgotten in the design as the wave and current load on the jackup might be higher than the ice pressure. Towards the end of the drilling season and prior to ice aggregation, the operator of a conventional jackup rig will become very cautious of the requirement to move the jackup out of the ice cover in due time before the sea freezes up and the jackup could get stuck in the ice cover. It should be noted that a jackup frozen into the ice cover and susceptible to loads from drifting ice sheet and ice ridges might collapse. Should the situation occur that the jackup be frozen into the ice cover, it would be necessary to call for costly ice breaker assistance to free the jackup. A jackup that could stay in the ice for a longer period in the fall season would extend the drilling season considerably. In the case such design be considered, the strength of the foundation should be checked to avoid loads that will exceed the foundation capacity of the mud mats. We will in this paper in particular discuss how we can deal with the problem of the requirement for an extended drilling season. The paper covers some of the main issues that are governing for the design of a jackup for arctic conditions. We will in particular cover the issue of leaving the offshore location safely as late as possible when ice has started to form. In this situation traditional jackups have problems and could need the very costly assistance of icebreakers. Other important issues that are not covered are the behavior of the jacket in ice. It should, however, be noted that the jackup is designed to leave the location prior to the ice situation becoming unmanageable.
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"Jacket back." In Industrial Engineering (CIE39). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccie.2009.5223586.

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Reports on the topic "Jackal"

1

Markov, Georgi, Miklós Heltai, Ivan Nikolov, Aleksandra Penezić, József Lanszki, and Duško Ćirović. Developmental Stability of the Golden Jackal (Canis aureus moreoticus Geoffrey 1835) Populations in Southeastern Europe. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.07.07.

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Markov, Georgi, Miklós Heltai, Ivan Nikolov, Aleksandra Penezić, József Lanszki, and Duškó Cirović. Epigenetic Variation and Distinctness of Golden Jackal (Canis aureus) Populations in its Expanding South-east European Range. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.06.09.

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Linsmeyer, Cory Allen. Hunting Jacket. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-709.

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Putshack, Chelsey. Easy Rider Moto Jacket. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-727.

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Campbell, J. R. Downtown Art Gallery Jacket. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1585.

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Morris, Kristen D. Lucent: Lightweight Waterproof Jacket. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1620.

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Baglien, Kirstin. Catacombs Gown and Evening Jacket. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1012.

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Zanoni, C. J. Evaluation of DUI Jacket" Buoyancy Compensator". Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada389850.

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Lehnen, Ashley. The Dead of Winter-Shood Boucle Jacket. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1670.

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Morris, Kristen D. Lucent Two: A Breathable Hooded Rain Jacket. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-232.

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