Journal articles: 'Jackal'

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Rhodes, C. J., R. P. D. Atkinson, R. M. Anderson, and D. W. Macdonald. "Rabies in Zimbabwe: reservoir dogs and the implications for disease control." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 353, no. 1371 (June 29, 1998): 999–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0263.

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Using detailed field study observations of the side–striped jackal ( Canis adustus ) and a simple stochastic model of the transmission dynamics of the virus and host demography, we discuss the epidemiology of rabies virus infection in the jackal population of Zimbabwe. Of the two jackal species in Zimbabwe, the other being the black–backed jackal ( Canis mesomelas ), the bulk of notified rabies cases are in side–striped jackals. Specifically, we show that the side–striped jackal population itself does not seem able to support rabies infection endemically, i.e. without frequent reintroduction from outside sources of infection. We argue that this is probably because the overall average jackal population density is too low to maintain the chain of infection. This study suggests that the disease is regularly introduced to jackals by rabid dogs from populations associated with human settlements. Given the rapidly rising dog population in Zimbabwe, estimates are derived of the future incidence of jackal rabies based on different dog vaccination scenarios.

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Ohnuma, Reiko. "The Heretical, Heterodox Howl: Jackals in Pāli Buddhist Literature." Religions 10, no. 3 (March 22, 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10030221.

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Buddhist literature in Pāli presents a world that is rich in animal imagery, with some animals carrying largely positive associations and other animals seen in a consistently negative light. Among the many species that populate the Pāli imaginaire, the jackal bears a particular status as a much-maligned beast. Jackals are depicted in Pāli literature as lowly, inferior, greedy, and cunning creatures. The jackal, as a natural scavenger, exists on the periphery of both human and animal society and is commonly associated with carrion, human corpses, impurity, and death. In this paper, I am interested in the use of the jackal as an image for both heresy and heterodoxy—that is, the jackal’s consistent association with heretical Buddhist figures, such as Devadatta, and with heterodox teachers, such as the leaders of competing samaṇa movements. Why was the jackal such an appropriate animal to stand for those who hold the wrong views? And how does association with such an animal sometimes result in a particularly nefarious sort of dehumanization that goes against the teachings of Buddhism?

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Stoyanov, Stoyan. "Cranial variability and differentiation among golden jackals (Canis aureus) in Europe, Asia Minor and Africa." ZooKeys 917 (March 9, 2020): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.917.39449.

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Golden jackal (Canis aureus) expansion in the last decades has triggered research interest in Europe. However, jackal phylogeny and taxonomy are still controversial. Morphometric studies in Europe found differences between Dalmatian and the other European jackals. Recent genetic studies revealed that African and Eurasian golden jackals are distinct species. Moreover, large Canis aureus lupaster may be a cryptic subspecies of the African golden jackal. Although genetic studies suggest changes in Canis aureus taxonomy, morphological and morphometric studies are still needed. The present study proposes the first comprehensive analysis on a wide scale of golden jackal skull morphometry. Extensive morphometric data of jackal skulls from Europe (including a very large Bulgarian sample), Asia Minor, and North Africa were analysed, by applying recently developed statistical tools, to address the following questions: (i) is there geographic variation in skull size and shape among populations from Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus?, (ii) is the jackal population from the Dalmatian coast different?, and (iii) is there a clear distinction between the Eurasian golden jackal (Canis aureus) and the African wolf (Canis lupaster sensu lato), and among populations of African wolves as well? Principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis were applied on the standardized and log-transformed ratios of the original measurements to clearly separate specimens by shape and size. The results suggest that jackals from Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus belong to one subspecies: Canis aureus moreotica (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1835), despite the differences in shape of Dalmatian specimens. The present study confirmed morphometrically that all jackals included so far in the taxon Canis aureus sensu lato may represent three taxa and supports the hypothesis that at least two different taxa (species?) of Canis occur in North Africa, indicating the need for further genetic, morphological, behavioural and ecological research to resolve the taxonomic uncertainty. The results are consistent with recent genetic and morphological studies and give further insights on golden jackal taxonomy. Understanding the species phylogeny and taxonomy is crucial for the conservation and management of the expanding golden jackal population in Europe.

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Halász, Tibor, Gábor Nagy, István Nagy, and Ágnes Csivincsik. "Micro-Epidemiological Investigation of Echinococcus multilocularis in Wild Hosts from an Endemic Area of Southwestern Hungary." Parasitologia 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia1030017.

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Echinococcus multilocularis is a tapeworm causing severe zoonotic disease in temperate Europe. Between 2018 and 2020, 68 golden jackals and 94 red foxes were investigated to determine the prevalence of E. multilocularis infection and its driving factors. The overall prevalence (golden jackal: 41.2%; red fox: 12.5%) significantly differed, whereas the mean intensities did not. The spatial scan statistics revealed three significant clusters of E. multilocularis infection. The binary logistic and ordinal regression results revealed that the golden jackal is more likely to become infected than the red fox, and the probability of infection level was also higher in jackals. Our findings highlight the golden jackal’s role, which could be as important as the red fox in the spread of this severe zoonotic agent. This micro-epidemiological approach can advance the knowledge on local drivers which facilitate the spread of E. multilocularis and could cause a relevant public health problem on the continent.

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Ćirović, D., I. Pavlović, A. Penezić, Z. Kulišić, and S. Selaković. "Levels of infection of intestinal helminth species in the golden jackal Canis aureus from Serbia." Journal of Helminthology 89, no. 1 (August 13, 2013): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x13000552.

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AbstractDuring the past decade, golden jackal populations have substantially increased, yet little is known of their potential for transmitting parasites within animal and human hosts. In the present study, between 2005 and 2010, 447 jackals from six localities in Serbia were examined for intestinal parasites. Two species of trematodes (Alaria alata, Pseudamphistomum truncatum), three nematodes (Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum, Gongylonema sp.), and seven cestodes (Taenia pisiformis, Taenia hydatigena, Multiceps multiceps, Multiceps serialis, Mesocestoides lineatus, Mesocestoides litteratus, Dipylidium caninum) were identified. Pseudamphistomum truncatum and M. serialis species were recorded for the first time. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 10.3%. No significant differences were found in the prevalence of infection between males and females (P>0.817), between localities (P>0.502), or with regard to annual cycles (P>0.502). In the infected jackal population, 65% harboured multiple infections and one individual was a host to five different types of parasite species, the highest number of parasites we recorded in a single host. These findings indicate that although the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in the jackal population in Serbia is significantly lower than expected from earlier studies, further monitoring is required given the jackal's rapid population increase.

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Shumsky, Dimitry. "Czechs, Germans, Arabs, Jews: Franz Kafka's “Jackals and Arabs” between Bohemia and Palestine." AJS Review 33, no. 1 (March 30, 2009): 71–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s036400940900004x.

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Franz Kafka's short story “Schakale und Araber” (Jackals and Arabs) was published in October 1917 in the monthly journalDer Jude, the intellectual organ of German-speaking Zionism founded and edited by Martin Buber. The narrator, an unidentified and pleasant-mannered European man traveling in the desert, makes a stop at an oasis in an Arab area. The circumstances of his journey and its objectives are unknown. It becomes apparent from his story that the man has come to the Arab desert merely by chance “from the far North,” and that he has no intention of remaining in the area for long. All of a sudden, shortly after his “tall [and] white” Arab host has retired to the sleeping area, the narrator finds himself completely surrounded by a pack of jackals. One of them, who introduces himself as “the oldest jackal far and wide,” approaches the man and implores him to solve once and for all the long-standing dispute between the jackals and the Arabs, as the traveler alone—a man hailing from those countries in which reason reigns supreme, which is not the case among the Arabs—is capable of doing so. Once the jackal elder has related to the European traveler the story of his tribe's tribulations, and how they have been compelled to reside alongside the “filthy Arabs” from one generation to the next, another jackal produces a pair of scissors, which, according to the jackals' ancient belief, is to serve the long-awaited man of reason “from the North” to rescue them from their abhorrent and hated neighbors. But at that moment, the Arab caravan leader appears, wielding an immense whip. The reader learns that not only was the Arab awake while the jackal elder sought to persuade the European man to undertake the salvation project and listening attentively to the jackal's words, but in fact, he has been well aware of the jackals' intentions for a long time:It's common knowledge; so long as Arabs exist, that pair of scissors goes wandering through the desert and will wander with us to the end of our days. Every European is offered it for the great work; every European is just the man that Fate has chosen for them. They have the most lunatic hopes, these beasts; they're just fools, utter fools.

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Galov, Ana, Elena Fabbri, Romolo Caniglia, Haidi Arbanasić, Silvana Lapalombella, Tihomir Florijančić, Ivica Bošković, Marco Galaverni, and Ettore Randi. "First evidence of hybridization between golden jackal ( Canis aureus ) and domestic dog ( Canis familiaris ) as revealed by genetic markers." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 12 (December 2015): 150450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150450.

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Interspecific hybridization is relatively frequent in nature and numerous cases of hybridization between wild canids and domestic dogs have been recorded. However, hybrids between golden jackals ( Canis aureus ) and other canids have not been described before. In this study, we combined the use of biparental (15 autosomal microsatellites and three major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci) and uniparental (mtDNA control region and a Y-linked Zfy intron) genetic markers to assess the admixed origin of three wild-living canids showing anomalous phenotypic traits. Results indicated that these canids were hybrids between golden jackals and domestic dogs. One of them was a backcross to jackal and another one was a backcross to dog, confirming that golden jackal–domestic dog hybrids are fertile. The uniparental markers showed that the direction of hybridization, namely females of the wild species hybridizing with male domestic dogs, was common to most cases of canid hybridization. A melanistic 3bp-deletion at the K locus ( β -defensin CDB103 gene), that was absent in reference golden jackal samples, but was found in a backcross to jackal with anomalous black coat, suggested its introgression from dogs via hybridization. Moreover, we demonstrated that MHC sequences, although rarely used as markers of hybridization, can be also suitable for the identification of hybrids, as long as haplotypes are exclusive for the parental species.

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Chawla, Malaika Mathew, Arjun Srivathsa, Priya Singh, Iravatee Majgaonkar, Sushma Sharma, Girish Punjabi, and Aditya Banerjee. "Do wildlife crimes against less charismatic species go unnoticed? A case study of Golden Jackal Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758 poaching and trade in India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 15407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5783.12.4.15407-15413.

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Wildlife crimes pertaining to lesser-known species do not usually garner adequate focus or interest by enforcement and conservation agencies. Additionally, illegal wildlife trade fuelled by religious beliefs in sorcery and superstition is an oft-neglected field of research. To draw attention to these two broad issues, we provide a baseline analysis of open-source reports on Golden Jackal Canis aureus poaching and trade in India. We highlight the pervasiveness of an active local and transnational ‘jackal horn’ trade, which is severely under-reported and insufficiently researched. News reports and government seizure data reveal that, between 2013 and 2019, 126 skins, eight tails, more than 370 ‘jackal horns’, 16 skulls and two live jackals have been seized. The demand for the illusionary ‘jackal horn’ appears to be driven by extensive online endorsement and unsubstantiated claims made by religious practitioners, targeted primarily at south Asian markets. This preliminary study is an urgent call for concerted efforts to monitor the illegal trafficking and trade of this common species, with a particular focus on the demand and supply chains.

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Lanszki, J., M. Heltai, and L. Szabó. "Feeding habits and trophic niche overlap between sympatric golden jackal (Canis aureus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the Pannonian ecoregion (Hungary)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 11 (November 2006): 1647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-147.

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The feeding ecology of the golden jackal ( Canis aureus L., 1758) and its interspecific trophic relationship with the sympatric red fox (Vulpes vulpes (L., 1758)) was investigated in an area of recent range expansion of the golden jackal in Hungary, central Europe. Diet composition was determined by scat analysis (over 4 years: jackal 814 scats; fox 894 scats). Compared with jackals, foxes consumed more small mammals (mean biomass consumed: jackal 77%; fox 68%) and to a lesser extent plant matter (6% and 18%, respectively). The importance of other prey, such as wild boar ( Sus scrofa L., 1758), cervids, brown hare ( Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778), birds, reptiles, fish, invertebrates, and domestic animals, was minimal. Both mesocarnivores consumed primarily small animals (<50 g: 92% and 87%, respectively); this implies a typical searching and solitary hunting strategy. The trophic niche breadth of both species was very narrow and the fox proved to be more of a generalist. The food overlap index between the two canids was high (mean, 73%) and varied with the decreasing availability and consumption of small mammals. Based on prey remains found in scats, small-mammal specialization over a 2-year period and seasonal predation upon wild boar piglets (mainly by the jackal), seasonal fruit eating (mainly by the fox), and scavenging on wild or domestic ungulates (both predators) were found.

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Rozhenko, Mykola. "The current state of the golden jackal population in the Lower Dnister National Nature Park." Theriologia Ukrainica 2021, no. 21 (July 1, 2021): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tu2109.

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With the advent of the golden jackal in the Lower Dnister, certain changes have taken place in natural complexes, which are primarily related to the impact of the new species on the local fauna. Under such conditions, the number of jackals in certain areas, the spatial structure and location of separate packs are important information for the development of measures aimed at maintaining an optimal abundance of this species. Given the active impact of wildlife on natural systems, there are a number of both biological and purely social problems that need to be addressed. The effectiveness of solving such problems directly depends on the level of study of various aspects of biology and ecology of jackals. In addition, knowledge of the current state of the Dnister jackal population allows timely and effective response to new environmental challenges, which are associated with an increase in the abundance of new species and in its impact on the native mammal fauna. The results of the research indicate a certain competition of the jackal with other species of predatory mammals, in particular the fox and the raccoon dog. Thus, within the territories where the study was carried out, with the appearance of the jackal at the lower course of the Dnister, the red fox was not observed at all and the number of raccoon dogs decreased significantly. Habitats of separate jackal groups within the Lower Dnister National Nature Park have been identified and their total abundance has been established. The dynamics of settlement by the species of the Lower Dnister area is analysed, the conservatism of the species in relation to the residential areas is indicated. It has been established that in some parts of the park, in particular on the northern bank of the Dnister Estuary, the density of animals is about 12 individuals per 1000 hectares, which significantly exceeds the permissible sanitary and epidemiological standards. At the same time, in some parts of the floodplains of the Lower Dnister, density exceeds 0.5 individuals per 1000 ha, which indicates a complex spatial distribution of separate packs and groups of jackals. Mapping of the number of jackals in the park showed that groups far from the estuary are smaller in number (6–14 individuals), whereas groups near the estuary are more abundant (13–20 individuals).

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Urban, Peter, Nuno Guimarães, and Jozef Bučko. "Golden jackal, a natural disperser or an invasive alien species in Slovakia? A summary within European context." Folia Oecologica 47, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2020-0011.

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AbstractThis summary provides an overview of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) categorization in Europe with particular focus on its presence in Slovakia. The distribution range of this species in Europe has been expanding in recent decades. Currently, European population is in constant and fast increase, widening their ranges towards Central and Eastern Europe and more recently in some western countries. All over Europe, the categorization of the golden jackal status is discussed with some controversial. A recent genetic study helped to determine that golden jackals do not meet the established three criteria, which categorize a species as an invasive alien species. In Slovakia, golden jackals’ numbers grown considerably in the last decade and with an increasing of their distribution through the country it became a permanent species of the Slovak fauna. The only internal status is the hunting Act no. 274/2009, which classifies it as, game species. The fast adaptation and dispersion through Slovakia can be considered similar to the behaviour of an invasive species, as suggested in previous studies in Hungary. Based on widely accepted definitions, agreed under international legal instruments, it is quite clear that the term ‘Invasive Alien Species’ only encompasses non-native species specifically introduced by humans (intentionally or accidentally). Following this Invasive Alien Species terminology, golden jackals cannot be categorized as such in Slovakia. The natural expansion, the growing ranges, and the increase in numbers of the golden jackal in Slovakia in the last decades points to a need to improve the knowledge of the species.

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Kamler, Jan F., Christin Minge, Susana Rostro-García, Tazarve Gharajehdaghipour, Rachel Crouthers, Visattha In, Chen Pay, Chanratana Pin, Prum Sovanna, and David W. Macdonald. "Home range, habitat selection, density, and diet of golden jackals in the Eastern Plains Landscape, Cambodia." Journal of Mammalogy 102, no. 2 (March 20, 2021): 636–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab014.

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Abstract We used radiocollars and GPS collars to determine the movements and habitat selection of golden jackals (Canis aureus) in a seasonally dry deciduous forest with no human settlements in eastern Cambodia. We also collected and analyzed 147 scats from jackals to determine their seasonal diet and prey selection. The mean (± SE) annual size of home-range ranges (47.1 ± 2.5 km2; n = 4), which were mutually exclusive between mated pairs, was considerably larger than that previously reported for this species, resulting in an extremely low density (0.01 jackal/km2). The unusually large home ranges and low density probably were due to the harsh dry season when most understory vegetation is burned and nearly all waterholes dry up, thereby causing a large seasonal decline in the availability of small vertebrate prey. Resident groups consisted of an alpha pair, but no betas, and were situated only in areas not occupied by leopards (Panthera pardus) and dholes (Cuon alpinus). Jackals avoided dense forests and streams, and had a strong selection for dirt roads, possibly to avoid larger predators. Overall the jackal diet was diverse, with at least 16 prey items identified, and there was no significant difference in diet composition between the cool-dry and hot-dry seasons. Scat analysis showed that the main food items consumed by jackals were processional termites (Hospitalitermes spp.; 26% biomass consumed), followed by wild pig (Sus scrofa; 20%), muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis; 20%), and civets (17%). Compared to available biomass, jackals were not random in their consumption of ungulates because muntjac were selectively consumed over larger ungulate species. Dietary overlap with dholes and leopards was relatively low, and consumption patterns indicated jackals were preying on ungulates rather than scavenging from kills of larger carnivores. Our results showed that the jackal is an extremely adaptable and opportunistic species that exhibits unique behaviors to survive in an extreme environment near the edge of its distribution.

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Temu, S. E., C. L. Nahonyo, and P. D. Moehlman. "Comparative Foraging Efficiency of Two Sympatric Jackals, Silver-Backed Jackals (Canis mesomelas) and Golden Jackals (Canis aureus), in the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania." International Journal of Ecology 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6178940.

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The foraging efficiency of two sympatric species of jackals, silver-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) and golden jackals (Canis aureus), was studied in the Ngorongoro crater from July 2014 through May 2015. The focal animal observation method was used and individuals of both species were followed as they foraged from morning to evening. Observations of individuals of both jackal species were made from a vehicle using binoculars and a spotting scope. Three major parameters were used for determination of foraging efficiency: distance travelled while foraging, time spent foraging, and amount of food secured in foraging period. The Mann–Whitney U test showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in distance travelled per unit time of foraging between the two species in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Golden jackals secured a significantly higher amount of food than the silver-backed jackals in the wet season (Mann–Whitney U test, P<0.05, U=1035.4). Hunting of prey larger than Thomson’s gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii) fawns was not common. Both species mainly fed on smaller prey such as invertebrates and rodents and scavenged opportunistically. Efficient foraging is crucial for both jackal species especially during their breeding season when they are provisioning dependent pups.

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Tănăsescu, Mihnea, and tefan Constantinescu. "How Knowledge of the Golden Jackal (Canis aureus) is Formed: Report from the Danube Delta." Environmental Values 28, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 665–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096327119x15579936382545.

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This paper analyses the ways in which human knowledge of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) is formed in the case of a rural community of the Romanian Danube Delta. We focus on the territory where humans and jackals overlap and, by using wildlife monitoring alongside interviews and participant observation with humans, we detail how villagers come to have a particularly negative view of this resident canid. Foregrounding the jackal's highly symbolic nature, we trace the development of the community's knowledge of this animal via historical, ecological and geographical factors. Finally, we recommend ways in which our findings could be used in future management plans and draw out the implications for future rewilding practices.

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Khan, Khursid A., Jamal A. Khan, and Narendra Mohan. "Winter food habits of the Golden Jackal Canis aureus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) in Patna Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 9 (September 26, 2017): 10656. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3301.9.9.10656-10661.

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Golden Jackal (Canis aurius indicus) survives in a wide range of environment. Its foraging adaptation varies according to quality and abundance of food sources. The food habits also fluctuate according to season and habitat. This study investigated the diet composition of Golden Jackal using scat analysis method collected between November 2012 and April 2013 from Patna Bird Sanctuary (PBS), Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 83 scats of Golden Jackal were collected and analysed. Sixteen food items were identified in Golden Jackal scats. Birds contributed maximum (ca. 38.92%) in Golden Jackal diet followed by rodents (ca. 12.14%), insects (ca. 8.92%), reptile (ca. 8.57%), vegetative matter (ca. 13.56%), rufous-tailed hare (ca. 6.07%), cattle (ca. 2.5%), squirrel (ca.1.42%), nilgai (ca.1.07%) and common palm civet (ca. 0.71 %). However (ca. 6.07 %) of prey items could not identified in Golden Jackal scats. Out of (ca. 38.92%) in bird’s contribution egret alone contributed about (ca.20.35%) in Golden Jackal diet followed by gargeny (ca. 8.93%), greater caucal (ca. 5.71%), babbler (ca.1.07%) and (ca. 2.85%) remains of birds were could not identified as per species level. This study is conducted to find out food habits of Golden Jackal and its impact on bird community structure.

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Ramkumaran, Kamaraj, Rethnaraj Chandran, Chowdula Satyanarayana, Kailash Chandra, and Tikadar Shyamal. "Density and obligatory feeding habits of an isolated Golden Jackal Canis aureus L. (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) population in Pirotan Island, Gulf of Kachchh, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 4 (April 26, 2017): 10121. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2988.9.4.10121-10124.

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Efforts to arrest the decline of carnivorous mammals in isolated ecosystems have received little attention in India. The present study assesses the population density of a small Golden Jackal population, isolated on a water covered Pirotan Island in the Gulf of Kachchh Marine National Park, India. An average of 12 Golden Jackals/km2 was found inhabiting the Island. The scat analysis revealed that the major diet of jackals was crab (89.5±2.36 %) followed by fish (2.7±0.82 %). Only 2.1% of their diets were from the Island source. They have well adapted to manage their water needs from their obligatory feeding habits.

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Pantha, Buddhi, Hem Joshi, and Naveen Vaidya. "Controlling Rabies Epidemics in Nepal with Limited Resources: Optimal Control Theory Approach." Mathematics in Applied Sciences and Engineering 99, no. 99 (December 10, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/mase/10847.

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In many developing countries, including Nepal, rabies epidemics constitute a serious public health concern, partly because of limited resources for proper implementation of control measures. In this study, we develop an extended model by incorporating various controls into the transmission dynamics model with both dog and jackal vectors. We apply the optimal control theory on the developed model system to identify optimal control strategy for mitigating rabies burden in Nepal with limited resources. Among the potential control strategies, human vaccination, dog vaccination, dog culling, dog sterilization, and jackal vaccination, considered in this study, our results show that a combination of dog vaccination and dog culling is the most effective strategy to control rabies in Nepal. Our optimal control solutions provide the strategy for optimal implementation of these controls to suppress rabies prevalence among dogs and jackals of Nepal using a minimum cost associated with controls. We found that given limited resources, implementing controls in a time-dependent manner with a higher level at the beginning of the outbreaks and reducing them during later part of the epidemics can provide maximum benefits.

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Nakonechnyi, I. V., L. V. Perots’ka, I. V. Pyvovarova, and V. A. Chornyi. "Ecological and epizootic roles of Golden jackal, genus Canis aureus in the Northwest of Black Sea coast." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 94 (July 30, 2019): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9407.

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Penetration of jackal, typical representative of Asia Minor-Balkan group, genus Canis aureus into the territory of the Northwest Black Sea coast - has become a rather unexpected phenomenon and led to environmental, zoogeographical and epizootic issues. The last one may lead to the development of potentially dangerous epizootic processes, the assessment of the threat and possible consequences require systematic researches. The purpose of this work was to study the ecological and epizootic role of Canis aureus in the territory of the Northwest Black Sea coast. The investigations concerning epizootic status of jackal were carried out during 2014–2018 in the territory of Odesa and Mykolayiv Regions with means of laboratory control samples of the materials which were selected and taken from hunters. The results of researches have shown that there is a complete, self-regulating and rather dense population of C. aureus in this region, it does not lose the rate of intensive reproduction and has a clearly expressed western line of genus penetration. In the process of migratory settlement, jackal demonstrates clear and static dependences on humidified and hydro morphed landscapes. When the bodies of animals were observed, we could find the presence of ticks and several types of fleas that could act as a biological transmission objects in the circles of spontaneous circulation of naturally occurring zoonotic pathogens, ensuring their inter-species migration and short-term reservation. According to the results of laboratory examinations of 9 samples of jackals’ blood serum, the presence of antibodies to the causative agent of erysipelas was determined in 5 (55.5%) cases. In response to a single brucellosis antigen The specific antibodies were not found in the reaction with single brucellosis antigen. The investigations on the presence of leptospirosis were carried out with test strains of 9 serogroups. Specific anti-lepidopteran antibodies were found in all investigated serum samples. The predominance of antibodies to the Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Sejroe, Bataviae serogroups, mice field rodents are their host, indicates the trophic nature of antigenic contacts. The new species for Ukraine – jackal Cainis aureus carries a significant potential epizootic threat as a host and carrier of pathogens natural-focal zoonotic infections and invasions, the most dangerous among them is rabies.

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Ojha, Aazad P., Gautam Sharma, and L. S. Rajpurohit. "Ecology and conservation of golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Jodhpur, Rajasthan." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 2491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1559.

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At north-west of India there is dry, semi arid region called as The Great Indian Thar desert. It lies between 24o and 35o 5’ N latitude and 70o 7’ and 76o 2’ E. Mammals of Thar desert includes the wolf (Canis lupus), the stripped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena), golden Jackal (Canis aureus), the Indian desert fox (Vulpes v. pusilla), wild bore (Susscrofaspc.), black buck (Antilo pecervicapra), blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus), chinkara (Gazella benneti), Hanuman langur (Semenopithecus entellus) etc. Golden Jackal is unique in distribution, occurrence, and survives at different environmental conditions in India including the hot desert. Present study has been carried out at Phitkasni village, situated south-east of Jodhpur city. Large population of golden Jackal has observed and data of their homerange, territory, inter-specific relation, conflict with human and mortality has been studied. It is concluded that regular monitoring and proper conservation management is needed in this area so Jackal and other carnivore like wolf, desert fox and hyena can also be conserved.

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Baskaran, Nagarajan, Ganesan Karthikeyan, and Kamaraj Ramkumaran. "Golden Jackal Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) distribution pattern and feeding at Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 11 (August 26, 2020): 16460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4489.12.11.16460-16468.

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Golden Jackal Canis aureus, a medium-sized omnivore belonging to the family Canidae, ranges widely from Europe and extends across the middle-east to India. It’s adaptable social system according to the distribution of food resources enabling it to range widely from desert to evergreen forests, mangroves, rural, and semi-urban human-agro-ecosystems. Despite its wide distribution, the species has not received adequate scientific attention in much of its southern India range. This study was carried out to assess its distribution pattern, diet composition, and prey preference at Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, a well-known habitat for the jackal and the only predator of the sanctuary. Data on distribution collected through extensive field surveys revealed that the species distribution is uniform in southern and southeastern parts of the sanctuary, in areas where the habitat is more open with grasslands and mudflats and is patch in the tropical dry-evergreen habitat. Analysis of 155 scat samples revealed that the diet comprised 19 species of food items, including mammals, birds, insects, other invertebrates, and plant matter characterizing omnivorous nature. Temporal variation in diet composition—with significantly higher proportion of birds during winter than in summer—coincides with abundance of prey species in relation to season, which indicate the opportunistic foraging and hunting nature of the species. Data on diet preference showed that jackals in the area preferred Black-naped Hare, Spotted Dove and Lapwing followed by Chital, Grey Francolin, Cattle Egret, and Large Egret, while Blackbuck, Bonnet Macaque, and cattle were not preferred, which is discussed under optimal foraging. The jackal being the only large-sized predator of this natural system, more detailed studies and effective measures to conserve the species are vital not only to understand the prey-predator mechanism, but also to conserve the biodiversity of this unique ecosystem.

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Torretta, Elisa, Olivia Dondina, Claudio Delfoco, Luca Riboldi, Valerio Orioli, Luca Lapini, and Alberto Meriggi. "First assessment of habitat suitability and connectivity for the golden jackal in north-eastern Italy." Mammalian Biology 100, no. 6 (October 6, 2020): 631–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42991-020-00069-z.

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AbstractCompared with the rapid expansion across Europe, the golden jackal colonization of Italy is still limited and slow. No study focused on the habitat selection or landscape connectivity for this species was performed in Italy; thus, the potential distribution and dispersal patterns in the country remain unknown. Our objectives were to evaluate the suitability of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region (north-eastern Italy) for the golden jackal, as well as to identify the ecological corridors connecting the areas currently occupied by the species. Corridors modelling allowed us both to hypothesize the dispersal dynamics occurring in the study region and to identify possible obstacles to future range expansion. We surveyed golden jackal presence in two study areas, covering an area of 500 km2, from March 2017 to February 2018. Using collected data, we modelled the species home-range scale habitat suitability based on an ensemble modelling approach. Subsequently, a habitat suitability prediction at a finer scale was used to estimate landscape resistance, starting from which, we modelled dispersal corridors among areas currently occupied by the species using a factorial least cost path and a cumulative resistant kernel approach. Our results indicated a moderate potential for large parts of the study region to support the occurrence of golden jackal family groups, whose presence seems to be mainly driven by the presence of wide areas covered by broadleaved forests and shrublands and by the absence of wide intensive agricultural areas. The predicted connectivity networks showed that three main permeable corridors are likely to connect golden jackal occurrence areas within the study region, while all the other corridors are characterized by a very low path density. Both the habitat selection and connectivity analyses showed a strong negative impact of the intensive cultivated plain on species stable presence and movement providing critical information for the conservation of the golden jackal in Italy.

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Betz, Hans Dieter, and Terence DuQuesne. "Jackal at the Shaman's Gate." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 80 (1994): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3821883.

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MAŃKO, Oliwia. "THE PROPOSAL FOR MONITORING OF GOLDEN JACKAL (Canis aureus)." Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 357, no. 56 (December 6, 2020): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2020.56.4.03.

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Golden jackal (Canis aureus) is a mesopredator. As an opportunistic species, it can both compete and pose a threat to native species. The golden jackal was first documented in Poland in 2015, where it came probably due to the natural expansion of the species distribution range. Currently, its estimated population size is based only on observations of single individuals, but this may change in the future. The recent expansion of the golden jackal, as well as its small population size in Poland, result in a low level of knowledge about this species and its impact on the native fauna and flora. The purpose of monitoring is to help in the future control of the population size, as well as to facilitate the acquisition of knowledge on the biology and the impact of this species on the environment. The monitoring method of the golden jackal presented in this article consists of the assessment of both the species’ habitat and its population. Overall, the proposed assessment of the habitat and population is based on evaluation of 7 indicators (population density, number of litters, height above sea level, presence of wolves, access to water reservoirs, scrubs, food base availability). Indicator assessment allows to determine, whether a given site is favorable for the settlement and growth of the golden jackal population. Observations carried out during the monitoring process may additionally facilitate the recognition of the species in the newly occupied areas, and allow to determine its impact on the environment.

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Machado, Fabio Andrade, and Pablo Teta. "Morphometric analysis of skull shape reveals unprecedented diversity of African Canidae." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz214.

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Abstract We conducted a geometric morphometric analysis to investigate the morphological variation of the golden wolf, Canis lupaster, and to clarify the morphological and taxonomic affinities of different taxa of the genera Canis and Lupulella. We suggest that the variation observed within the complex of Canis lupaster may be incompatible with what would be expected for a single species. We hypothesize that the nominal form C. l. soudanicus is a synonym of Lupulella adusta rather than being part of the golden wolf complex. The subspecies C. l. bea has a generalized jackal morphology (i.e., clusters together with L. mesomelas and C. aureus) and C. l. lupaster occupies an intermediate morphospace position, between jackal-like forms and wolf-like forms. These results contrast with previously published molecular analysis in which mitochondrial data failed to identify differences among golden wolf populations, and nuclear evidence points to the existence of groups that are incompatible with those recovered by morphological analysis. Regarding other jackals, our results depict the absence of morphological overlap between L. m. mesomelas and L. m. schmidti and no differences between putative subspecies of L. adusta. We call attention to the need for more integrative approaches to solve the taxonomic questions in various African Canidae.

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Rajani, Chukkath Vijayan, Harshad Sudhir Patki, Patgiri Simanta, Kalaripparambath Surjith, Padinjare Melepat Deepa, and Mampillikalam Pradeep. "Histomorphological differentiation of the skin of leopard (Panthera pardus), leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris), and golden jackal (Canis aureus)." April-2020 13, no. 4 (2020): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.827-832.

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Background and Aim: Leopard (Panthera pardus), leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris), and golden jackal (Canis aureus) are carnivores. Leopard and Bengal tiger are listed in the red list as vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources. Leopard cat and golden jackal are grouped under animals of least concern. A wide variation exists in the structure of the skin and pattern of hair follicles among domestic and wild mammals. Thus, the study aims to create a baseline data on the skin of leopard, leopard cat, Bengal tiger, and golden jackal and the data so obtained may form an indispensable tool in wildlife forensics. Materials and Methods: Skin samples of leopard (n=3), leopard cat (n=4), Bengal tiger (n=3), and golden jackal (n=4) were collected from the Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode. The samples were processed for paraffin embedding. Horizontal and vertical sections of 5 μm thickness were used for histological staining techniques. Observations on the layers and features of epidermis, hair follicle pattern and glands, namely, sweat and sebaceous were recorded. Results: Skin comprised an outer epidermis and an inner dermis. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium made up the epidermis. Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum were discernible in leopard, Bengal tiger, and golden jackal. In leopard cat, stratum basale, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum were present. Compound hair follicles were a characteristic feature of all species. However, the pattern varied. In leopard, leopard cat and Bengal tiger, a single large primary guard hair was encircled by compound follicles. The number of surrounding compound follicles ranged between five to seven in leopard, two to five in leopard cat, and three to seven in Bengal tiger. Each compound follicle, in turn contained, one to two coarse primary hair follicles and several fine secondary hair follicles. Compound follicles arranged as clusters of three were a salient attribute in jackal. The central follicle was comparatively larger than the lateral ones. Each compound follicle comprised a single long, primary hair, and six to eight smaller secondary hairs. Conclusion: Histological variation in the skin of the leopard, leopard cat, Bengal tiger, and golden jackal was established. The data form a valuable basis for comparative histology of wild carnivores. Further, the data may be of value in the identification of the unknown skin samples of wild carnivores.

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Shamsian, Aliakbar, Edoardo Pozio, Abdolmajid Fata, Zahra Navi, and Elham Moghaddas. "The Golden jackal (Canis aureus) as an indicator animal for Trichinella britovi in Iran." Parasite 25 (2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2018030.

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Nematodes of the genus Trichinella are zoonotic parasites causing trichinellosis. In Iran, these parasites occur in several animal species and rare cases have been recorded in humans. To monitor the epidemiological pattern of these parasites in the Khorasan-e-Razavi province, Northeastern Iran, muscle tissues were collected from the tongues of roadkill animals between 2016 and 2017: 295 stray dogs, one red fox (Vulpes vulpes), 12 golden jackals (Canis aureus), and one wild boar (Sus scrofa). Trichinella spp. larvae were retrieved using the artificial digestion method and identified to the species level by multiplex PCR. Larvae identified as Trichinella britovi were detected in five stray dogs (1.7%) and one golden jackal (8.3%). The results confirm the circulation of T. britovi in animals of the Khorasan-e-Razavi province, as previously documented. A review of the literature on Trichinella spp. in animals in Iran showed that these parasites were previously detected in 20.02% and 0.04% of carnivore and omnivore mammals, respectively, and that golden jackals can be screened as indicator animals for these zoonotic nematodes. Convenient sampling of Trichinella susceptible roadkill animals may provide a suitable method of monitoring the circulation of these parasites within any given region.

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Klitgaard, Kirstine, Mariann Chriél, Anastasia Isbrand, Tim K. Jensen, and René Bødker. "Identification ofDermacentorreticulatusTicks CarryingRickettsiaraoultiion Migrating Jackal, Denmark." Emerging Infectious Diseases 23, no. 12 (December 2017): 2072–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2312.170919.

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Nazareth, Peter, and Nega Mezlekia. "The God Who Begat a Jackal." World Literature Today 77, no. 3/4 (2003): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40158186.

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Hayward, Matt, and Gina Hayward. "Potential amplification of territorial advertisement markings by black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas)." Behaviour 147, no. 8 (2010): 979–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579510x499434.

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AbstractOptimality theory suggests that territorial scent marks are under selective pressure through the information they provide about competitive quality/reproductive status and so should be situated to maximize their detection to alert conspecifics that they are intruding upon the territory of a resident. Factors that increase mark detectability are consequently beneficial to both resident and intruder by allowing tactical withdrawal by intruders and, thus, reducing the costs of conflict. We tested whether black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) preferentially deposited territory marks on substrates (rocks or faeces) in two separate sites in South Africa's Addo Elephant National Park. Elephant (Loxodonta africana) dung piles were preferentially defecated upon by jackals in both sites. Where black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) was present at relatively high density, rhino middens were also preferentially marked by jackals; however, jackals resorted to defecating on elevated surfaces, such as rocks, where rhinos were scarce. We hypothesize that the odour of elephant and rhino dung may increase the detectability of jackal markings while providing an additional olfactory signal component, while rocks and elephant dung provide visual amplification. Manipulative experimentation will be necessary to confirm our multimodal amplification hypothesis.

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Sindičić, Magda, Miljenko Bujanić, Iva Štimac, Franjo Martinković, Nikolina Tuškan, Marina Špehar, and Dean Konjević. "First identification of Echinococcus multilocularis in golden jackals in Croatia." Acta Parasitologica 63, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 654–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ap-2018-0076.

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Abstract Alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is one of the world’s most dangerous zoonosis and an emerging disease with growing incidence in humans. The disease has been reported in new areas and host species in the last two decades, and the primary hosts of the parasite – red fox, golden jackal and grey wolf – are expanding their distribution in Europe. Here we report the morphological and molecular identification of Echinococcus multilocularis tapeworms in one of 29 carcasses of adult golden jackals in Croatia, where the only previous report of the parasite was in red foxes in 2016. These results suggest that alveolar echinococcosis should be treated as an emerging disease in Croatia.

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Bertè, Davide Federico. "Remarks on the skull morphology of Canis lupaster Hemprich and Herenberg, 1832 from the collection of the Natural History Museum “G. Doria” of Genoa, Italy." Natural History Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2017.318.

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Canis lupaster is a canid that lives in North Africa. In the past, this species was considered a subspecies of golden jackal (Canis aureus), a subspecies of wolf (Canis lupus), or a separated species. Since 2011 genetic data have demonstrated that C. lupaster is not a golden jackal and that it is more closely related to wolf lineage. The recent interest on C. lupaster lead to the publication of some papers on this topic, but the vast majority concerned genetic data. In this paper a morphological approach is presented. Twelve specimens, collected in Libya between 1926 and 1931 and now stored in the Natural History Museum of Genoa, are described here. C. lupaster is compared with the African golden jackal and with the wolf. MANOVA, PCA and discriminant analysis were performed. C. lupaster show many differences and is well separated both from wolf and from African golden jackal. Measures and ratios, that allow to rapidly recognise among these species, were identified. These ratios could be a useful tool for field researchers to quickly identify the correct species.

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Jirků, Miloslav, Dalibor Dostál, Jan Robovský, and Martin Šálek. "Reproduction of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) outside current resident breeding populations in Europe: evidence from the Czech Republic." Mammalia 82, no. 6 (November 27, 2018): 592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2017-0141.

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Abstract The golden jackal is a mesocarnivore with a rapidly expanding European range, where current resident breeding populations occupy much of the Balkans, Pannonian Basin and the Black and Caspian seas coasts. Despite numerous post-2000 records, breeding of this species in the newly colonized regions of Central and Northwestern Europe remained unconfirmed. Photography- and direct observation-based evidence obtained in 2017 from Central Bohemia, Czech Republic, indicates a north-western shift in the breeding range over 300 km from the closest known breeding jackal population in Pannonian Basin.

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Thomas, Samuel. "Yours in Revolution: Retrofitting Carlos the Jackal." Culture Unbound 5, no. 3 (September 26, 2013): 451–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.135451.

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This paper explores the representation of ’Carlos the Jackal’, the one-time ’World’s Most Wanted Man’ and ’International Face of Terror’ – primarily in cin-ema but also encompassing other forms of popular culture and aspects of Cold War policy-making. At the centre of the analysis is Olivier Assayas’s Carlos (2010), a transnational, five and a half hour film (first screened as a TV mini-series) about the life and times of the infamous militant. Concentrating on the various ways in which Assayas expresses a critical preoccupation with names and faces through complex formal composition, the project examines the play of ab-straction and embodiment that emerges from the narrativisation of terrorist violence. Lastly, it seeks to engage with the hidden implications of Carlos in terms of the intertwined trajectories of formal experimentation and revolutionary politics.

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Betz, Hans Dieter. "Book Review: Jackal at the Shaman's Gate." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 80, no. 1 (December 1994): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751339408000138.

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Ćirović, Duško, Dimosthenis Chochlakis, Snežana Tomanović, Ratko Sukara, Aleksandra Penezić, Yannis Tselentis, and Anna Psaroulaki. "Presence ofLeishmaniaandBrucellaSpecies in the Golden JackalCanis aureusin Serbia." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/728516.

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The golden jackalCanis aureusoccurs in south-eastern Europe, Asia, the Middle East, the Caucasus, and Africa. In Serbia, jackals neared extinction; however, during the last 30 years, the species started to spread quickly and to increase in number. Few studies in the past have revealed their potential role as carriers of zoonotic diseases. Animal samples were collected over a three-year period (01/2010–02/2013) from 12 sites all over Serbia. Of the tissue samples collected, spleen was chosen as the tissue to proceed; all samples were tested forLeishmaniaspecies andBrucellaspecies by real-time PCR. Of the 216 samples collected, 15 (6.9%) were positive forLeishmaniaspecies, while four (1.9%) were positive forB. canis. The potential epidemiologic role of the golden jackal in carrying and dispersing zoonotic diseases in Serbia should be taken under consideration when applying surveillance monitoring schemes.

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Paúl, Maria João, Jorge F. Layna, Pedro Monterroso, and Francisco Álvares. "Resource Partitioning of Sympatric African Wolves (Canis lupaster) and Side-Striped Jackals (Canis adustus) in an Arid Environment from West Africa." Diversity 12, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12120477.

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Knowledge on interference competition between species, particularly for scarce crucial resources, such as water, is a topic of increasing relevance for wildlife management given climate change scenarios. This study focuses on two sympatric canids, the African wolf and the side-striped jackal, to evaluate their group size and spatiotemporal activity patterns in the use of a limited resource by monitoring artificial waterholes in a semi-arid environment located in Senegal (West Africa). Remote cameras were deployed at five artificial waterholes to evaluate the number of individuals, age and activity patterns of resource use. African wolves (n = 71; 31% of all carnivore detections) and side-striped jackals (n = 104; 45%) were the most detected carnivore species. While both canids tended to occur alone at waterholes, they showed an evident monthly variation in group size. Both species showed a high activity overlap, with a bimodal activity pattern in waterhole use. However, we found evidence of unidirectional spatiotemporal avoidance, suggesting African wolves might be dominant over side-striped jackals. Our findings provide useful insights to investigate niche partitioning on the use of limited resources and have conservation implications for regions with a prolonged dry season.

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Papadopoulos, H., C. Himonas, M. Papazahariadou, and K. Antoniadou-Sotiriadou. "Helminths of foxes and other wild carnivores from rural areas in Greece." Journal of Helminthology 71, no. 3 (September 1997): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00015960.

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AbstractTwenty species of helminth parasites were identified from fox, wolf, jackal and wild cat material collected in Greece. Of the 314 foxes (Vulpes vulpes) examined, 18 helminth species were recovered comprising one trematode, eight cestodes, seven nematodes and two acanthocephalans, with the cestode species Mesocestoides sp. (73.2%), Joyeuxiella echinorhynchoides (24.5%) and the nematode species Uncinaria stenocephala (43.9%), and Toxocara canis (28.6%) being the most prevalent. Five cestode and three nematode species were reported from six wolves (Canis lupus), together with one trematode, three cestode and four nematode species from five jackals (Canis aureus) and two cestode and three nematode species from four wild cats (Felis silvestris) examined. The species J. echinorhynchoides, Taenia crassiceps and Onicola canisand the genera Spirometra, Rictularia and Pachysentis are reported here for the first time in Greece. The results are discussed in the light of the feeding characteristics of wild carnivores in rural areas of Greece.

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Brand, D. J., and J. A. J. Nel. "Avoidance of cyanide guns by black-backed jackal." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 55, no. 1-2 (December 1997): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1591(97)00042-7.

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Mackey, Crystal, and Christopher Kribs. "Modeling anthrax-rabies interactions in zebra-jackal cycles." Journal of Theoretical Biology 511 (February 2021): 110553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110553.

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Bhandari, Kishor, Ishfa Banu Haque, Bandana Khanal, Sandhya Joshi, and Kalu Singh Khatri. "Maxillofacial Injuries in Bear, Tiger, and Jackal Attacks." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction Open 3, no. 1 (January 2019): s—0039–1678671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1678671.

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Maxillofacial injuries as a result of wild animals attack are not commonly encountered and reported in the literature. Factors such as increasing human population near forest and lack of dependable physical barriers between forest and human habitations lead to frequently encountered incidents of wild animal attacks over humans especially in far western region of Nepal. The authors present two cases of bear attacks, one case of tiger attack, and one case of jackal attack and explain the pattern of maxillofacial injuries encountered along with management strategies undertaken. It was observed that the primary site of attacks of these wild animals was facial region. The magnitude of force with which bears and tigers attack over facial region with their paws can cause significant skeletal injuries irrespective of soft tissue injuries.

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Schmitt, M. B., S. Baur, and F. von Maltttz. "OBSERVATIONS ON THE JACKAL BUZZARD IN THE KAROO." Ostrich 58, no. 3 (September 1987): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1987.9633677.

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Marinković, Darko M., Mirjana Lazarević Macanović, Nikola Krstić, Duško Ćirović, and Ingrid Gielen. "Craniomandibular osteopathy in a golden jackal (Canis aureus)." Veterinary Record Case Reports 7, no. 2 (April 2019): e000728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000728.

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Craniomandibular osteopathy is a rare disorder in dogs, characterised by subperiosteal and extraperiosteal new bone proliferations on the skull, on the mandibles in particular and occasionally on long bones. Data about craniomandibular osteopathy in the golden jackal (Canis aureus) are lacking. This paper describes craniomandibular osteopathy in a seven-month-old animal. The mandibular region and the distal section of the hindlimb were examined radiologically and by CT. Both imaging modalities showed ossifying periosteal deposits localised on the left side of the mandible and irregular periosteal ossifying deposits covering the surface of the crural bones. Histopathology revealed new bone formation in the endosteum, periosteum and trabecular bone of the mandible and in the distal section of the hindlimb, but no inflammatory cells were found. Craniomandibular osteopathy in free-living canids has not yet been reported. However, the macroscopic imaging and histopathological features in this pup were consistent with the disease.

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Drouilly, Marine, Nicoli Nattrass, and M. Justin O’Riain. "Beauty or beast? Farmers’ dualistic views and the influence of aesthetic appreciation on tolerance towards black-backed jackal and caracal." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): e0248977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248977.

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Various species of wild, adaptable, medium-sized carnivores occur outside of protected areas, often coming into contact with people and their domestic animals. Negative human-carnivore interactions can lead to antagonistic attitudes and behavior directed at such species. In the South African Karoo, a semi-arid rangeland, the predation of small-livestock by mesopredators is common and farmers typically use a combination of non-lethal and lethal methods to try and prevent livestock losses. We used ethnographic field observations and semi-structured interviews as part of a mixed methods approach, including the quantitative and qualitative analysis of farmers’ narratives to illustrate the nuanced ways in which sheep farmers relate to the two mesopredators that consume the most livestock on their farms; black-backed jackal and caracal. Overall, farmers attributed negative characteristics to jackal and caracal but farmers’ narratives provided evidence of complex perceptions in that the animals were admired as well as disliked. Both species were seen as charismatic due to traits such as their physical appearance, their “cunning” nature and their remarkable adaptability to human activities, including lethal control. Aesthetic appreciation was an important predictor of tolerance towards both species whereas negative attitudes were associated with the perception that mesopredators should only occur within protected areas. Attitudes towards jackals also appeared to have been affected by cultural representations of them as “thieves”. We showed that perceiving mesopredators as beautiful increased the average marginal probability of a farmer tolerating them, and that this strong relationship held when controlling for other covariates such as livestock predation. We advocate the importance of understanding the cultural and aesthetic aspects of predators and considering existing positive dimensions of human-wildlife relationships that may encourage increased farmers’ tolerance, which might promote coexistence.

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Pennell, C. G. L., M. P. Rolston, C. Van Koten, D. E. Hume, and S. D. Card. "Reducing bird numbers at New Zealand airports using a unique endophyte product." New Zealand Plant Protection 70 (July 25, 2017): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.55.

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Birds are a major issue for airport authorities worldwide creating hazards to operating aircraft. The effect of a species of grass, Schedonorus arundinaceus, colonised by a unique strain of the mutualistic fungal endophyte EpichloÃ© coenophiala on bird abundance was examined during a series of trials at two New Zealand airports between 2007 and 2012. Fewer birds were observed on S. arundinaceus cv. Jackal AR601 plots compared with the original uncultivated ground cover for many months of the year across many years of trials. This corresponds with data collected by airport authorities on the number of bird strikes experienced by these airports before and after the introduction and establishment of S. arundinaceus cv. Jackal AR601. This plant-fungal association was later developed into the product known as Avanex.

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Chaudhary, Shyam Chand, Akash Khandelwal, Ruchika Tandon, and Kamal Kumar Sawlani. "Rabies encephalitis." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 4 (April 2021): e239249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-239249.

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Rabies is an almost always fatal disease that physicians and patients dread due to its dismal prognosis and limited treatment options. Transmission of this disease occurs through the bite of dogs and wild animals (like jackal in our case). Other rare forms of transmission may be through inhalation in bat-infested caves and human-to-human transmission by infected corneal transplants, solid organ and tissue transplantation, and sometimes in laboratory settings. Its diagnosis is usually clinical in the absence of availability of special laboratory investigations at the point-of-care facility. Few people have described the role of imaging in diagnosis. We hereby report a patient with rabies encephalitis, having a history of jackal bite and classical MRI findings that we can use for early diagnosis in the absence of typical clinical features and specialised diagnostic testing.

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Giannatos, Giorgos, Anastasia Karypidou, Anastasios Legakis, and Rosa Polymeni. "Golden jackal (Canis aureus L.) diet in Southern Greece." Mammalian Biology 75, no. 3 (May 2010): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2009.03.003.

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Yumnam, Bibek, Tripti Negi, Jesús E. Maldonado, Robert C. Fleischer, and Yadvendradev V. Jhala. "Phylogeography of the Golden Jackal (Canis aureus) in India." PLOS ONE 10, no. 9 (September 28, 2015): e0138497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138497.

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Lewis-Williams, J. D. "The Jackal and the Lion: Aspects of Khoisan Folklore." Folklore 127, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0015587x.2015.1096503.

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Kaunda, S. K. K., and J. D. Skinner. "Black-backed jackal diet at Mokolodi Nature Reserve, Botswana." African Journal of Ecology 41, no. 1 (March 2003): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2028.2003.00405.x.

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Dhoot, V. M., S. V. Upadhye, R. M. Zinjarde, and M. R. Pande. "Handrearing of Jackal (Canis aureus) at Maharajbag Zoo, Nagpur." Zoos' Print Journal 18, no. 1 (December 21, 2002): 995–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.18.1.995-6.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Jackal'

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