Books: 'Jain Community'

1

Guardians of the transcendent: An ethnography of a Jain ascetic community. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002.

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2

Sangave, Vilas Adinath. Jaina religion and community. Long Beach, Calif: Long Beach Publications, 1997.

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3

Malaka, Tan. From jail to jail. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1991.

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4

1953-, Cort John E., ed. Scripture and community: Collected essays on the Jains. Atlanta, Ga: Scholars Press, 1993.

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5

Praschl, Gerald. Roland Jahn: Ein Rebell als Behördenchef. Berlin: Links, 2011.

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6

The universe as audience: Metaphor and community among the Jains of North India. Shimla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 1999.

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7

Communist jail Tibet: Mizo Tibet rama chanchin tha pu luttu chanchin : revised & enlarged. 2nd ed. Pokhara, Nepal: Zothansangi, 2014.

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8

Neuhaus, Manfred, and Jahn Wolfgang. In memoriam Wolfgang Jahn: Der ganze Marx : alles Verfasste veröffentlichen, erforschen und den "ungeschriebenen" Marx rekonstruieren : Kolloquium, Halle, 3. November 2001. Hamburg: Argument, 2002.

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9

Jim, Moore. How I got out of jail and ran for governor of Indiana: The Jim Moore story as told to Claire Burch. Oakland, CA: Regent Press, 1995.

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10

Diroll, David. The use of community corrections and the impact of prison and jail crowding on sentencing: A survey of Ohio judges for the Governor's Committee on Prison and Jail Crowding. [Ohio]: Governor's Office of Criminal Justice Service, 1989.

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11

Connecticut. Dept. of Mental Health and Addiction Services. The costs and effectiveness of jail diversion: A report to the joint standing committee[s] of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters pertaining to the Judiciary, Public Health and Appropriations ; pursuant to Public Act 99-2. [Hartford]: Dept. of Mental Health & Addiction Services, 2000.

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12

Arquivo Público do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Guia das coleções particulares: Daniel Aarão Reis Filho, Jair Ferreira de Sá, Jean Marc van der Weid. Niterói: A Coordenadoria, 1994.

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13

Arquivo Público do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Guia das coleções particulares: Daniel Aarão Reis Filho, Jair Ferreira de Sá, Jean Marc van Der Weid. Niterói: A Coordenadoria, 1994.

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14

Beyond community standards and a constitutional level of care?: A review of services, costs, and staffing levels at the corrections medical receiver for the District of Columbia Jail : hearing before the Subcommittee on the District of Columbia of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session, June 30, 2000. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2001.

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15

Šedivý, Zdeněk F. Světlana: I. ČSL. partyzánská brigáda Jana Žižky z Trocnova ve třetím odboji. Vimperk: Papyrus, 1997.

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16

Babb, Lawrence A. The Jain Community. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195137989.003.0006.

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17

Benton, Gregor. Prophets Unarmed Vol. 81: Chinese Trotskyists in Revolution, War, Jail, and the Return from Limbo. BRILL, 2014.

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18

Prophets Unarmed: Chinese Trotskyists in Revolution, War, Jail, and the Return from Limbo. Haymarket Books, 2017.

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19

McCracken, Jill. Learning with Women in Jail: Creating Community-Based Participatory Research. Springer, 2019.

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20

Grua, David W. Joseph Smith’s Missouri Prison Letters and the Mormon Textual Community. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190274375.003.0006.

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During winter 1838–1839, the Mormon community faced existential crisis. On 27 October 1838, Missouri Governor Lilburn W. Boggs declared all Mormons to be enemies of the state, and unless they disavowed their religion they would be required to depart Missouri or risk “extermination.” Missouri officials charged Joseph Smith and other church leaders with treason and other crimes and confined them in a county jail. David W. Grua’s chapter, “Joseph Smith’s Missouri Prison Letters and the Latter-day Saint Textual Community,” places Smith’s letters from jail within the historical genre of the prison letter. Grua contends that Smith’s letters sought to make the church’s catastrophe in Missouri comprehensible by connecting suffering with a foundational tenet of the Mormon religion—revelation. Smith’s prison epistles functioned as ligatures that textually bound the scattered Latter-day Saint community together.

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21

Dlugacz, Henry A. Community re-entry preparation/coordination. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0015.

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The transition from short-term incarceration in jail or longer-term prison sentences back to the community presents substantial challenges for those with mental illness. Approximately 97 percent of all inmates return to the community. This simple reality makes it in society’s enlightened self-interest to be concerned with the readiness of these former inmates to live a productive life. The criminal justice and correctional treatment systems affect an inmate’s behavior and opportunities upon release. Successful reentry planning considers multiple interrelated issues (entitlements, housing, treatment needs, and so forth) when building an individualized plan to address them. It begins at admission (or even sentencing) and continues after release. Rather than considering incarceration to be an isolated event, reentry planning views incarceration as part of a cycle to be disrupted through targeted intervention. Correctional mental health treatment is seen as part of a continuum of care extending to the community. Reentry planning for people with serious mental illness should be a primary focus of correctional mental health care integrated into the treatment function, not an afterthought to be considered only as release is imminent. While acceptance of personal responsibility is a critical antecedent to leading a lawful life, and self-determination a fundamental principle of recovery, it is unrealistic for service providers to rely on the individual to coordinate fragmented public systems. This is the job of those funded to provide services. This chapter presents the current understanding of transition support needs and practices to optimize successful community reentry.

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22

Dlugacz, Henry A. Community re-entry preparation/coordination. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0015_update_001.

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The transition from short-term incarceration in jail or longer-term prison sentences back to the community presents substantial challenges for those with mental illness. Approximately 97 percent of all inmates return to the community. This simple reality makes it in society’s enlightened self-interest to be concerned with the readiness of these former inmates to live a productive life. The criminal justice and correctional treatment systems affect an inmate’s behavior and opportunities upon release. Successful reentry planning considers multiple interrelated issues (entitlements, housing, treatment needs, and so forth) when building an individualized plan to address them. It begins at admission (or even sentencing) and continues after release. Rather than considering incarceration to be an isolated event, reentry planning views incarceration as part of a cycle to be disrupted through targeted intervention. Correctional mental health treatment is seen as part of a continuum of care extending to the community. Reentry planning for people with serious mental illness should be a primary focus of correctional mental health care integrated into the treatment function, not an afterthought to be considered only as release is imminent. While acceptance of personal responsibility is a critical antecedent to leading a lawful life, and self-determination a fundamental principle of recovery, it is unrealistic for service providers to rely on the individual to coordinate fragmented public systems. This is the job of those funded to provide services. This chapter presents the current understanding of transition support needs and practices to optimize successful community reentry.

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23

Trestman, Robert L. Transition of pharmacology from community to corrections. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0019.

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Psychopharmacology in general is a challenging field that includes much art as well as science. Clinicians usually depend upon self-report in making decisions regarding medication selection and dosing. When a patient becomes incarcerated, there are multiple potentially conflicting, or synergistic, situations. There are issues of different formularies, different environmental stressors, changed support groups, and practice patterns that all may contribute differentially to medication management decisions. Current community medications may have been determined while ongoing illicit drug use confounded the diagnostic picture. Collaboration between clinician and patient may have been poor, and subsequently treatment adherence may in turn have been marginal. Many similar issues apply when a patient transfers from a jail to a prison or from one prison to another. Preparation and review of transfer summary sheets and more detailed records are just as important in these situations and should be seen as the minimum standard in policy and in practice. Ideally, continuity of care, and any concerns about diagnosis or treatment are best shared through direct communication. A telephone exchange between treating psychiatrists is always better than simple written documentation. This chapter discusses both the issues and pragmatic management opportunities that can lead to improved patient care and enhanced functioning.

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24

Bubeníček, Petr. Politics and Adaptation. Edited by Thomas Leitch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331000.013.32.

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Chapter 32 deals with the ways the image of Jan Hus (c. 1370–1415), the Czech priest and theorist of ecclesiastical Reformation, changes in new political, social, and cultural contexts. It aims to show how the communist regime appropriated Jan Hus through Otakar Vávra’s eponymous adaptation, filmed in 1953, in which Hus is portrayed as a revolutionary. After introducing Jan Hus in his historical and theological role, it focuses on the different ways he and the Hussite movement were perceived from the eighteenth century onward. A pivotal figure in this process is the writer Alois Jirásek, whose novels and plays sought, in historical traditions, answers to the questions of Czech culture and identity. The communist appropriation of Jirásek’s work, including his drama Jan Hus (1911), claimed that Czech medieval society was headed in the direction of revolution, even if that society had no term for such a thing.

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25

Buchanan, Alec, and Lisa Wootton, eds. Care of the Mentally Disordered Offender in the Community. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738664.001.0001.

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This book examines the care of the mentally disordered offender in the community from a number of perspectives: the social, administrative, and clinical context; clinical aspects of care; and the relationships between psychiatric services for mentally disordered offenders and other agencies. It incorporates recent developments in treatment and policy, including an international analysis of the use of community treatment orders, which remain controversial and divide opinion. In the United States, efforts to improve treatment have focussed on improving continuity of care between prison and the community, and the book examines US jail and prison policy. Current UK health policy as applied to the mentally disordered offender is explained. Risk and risk thinking is a theme that runs through the book and is considered in terms of its effect on society, its influence on policy, and in terms of how risk assessment is applied in everyday clinical practice. Developments in psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive treatments for mentally disordered offenders are discussed, including consideration of the risk-need-responsivity model, which has become increasingly influential. The treatment of sex offenders and personality disorder offenders is considered specifically, as is pharmacological therapy. Most mentally disordered offenders are managed in the community by the Community Mental Health Team (CMHT). The role of the CMHT and its interface with specialist community forensic teams is considered, as is the interaction between mental health services and other agencies and the legal context within which they operate.

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26

Holliday, Stephanie, Nicholas Pace, Neil Gowensmith, Ira Packer, Daniel Murrie, Alicia Virani, Bing Han, and Sarah Hunter. Estimating the Size of the Los Angeles County Jail Mental Health Population Appropriate for Release into Community Services. RAND Corporation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/rr4328.

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27

Poehlmann-Tynan, Julie, Hilary Runion, Lindsay A. Weymouth, and Cynthia Burnson. Children With Incarcerated Parents. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.33.

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More than 5 million US children have experienced a co-resident parent leaving for jail or prison. When parents are arrested, jailed, or sentenced to incarceration in jail or prison and released back into the community, their children experience changes at multiple levels. Children with incarcerated parents are more likely than their peers to experience multiple risk factors and stress exposures, including chronic poverty, parental unemployment, domestic violence, neighborhood violence, homelessness, and parental mental illness and substance abuse. Some risks occur prior to incarceration, whereas others occur during or following incarceration. This chapter provides a statistical portrait of children with incarcerated parents; reviews of risks commonly experienced by these children and research findings focusing on the well-being of children with incarcerated parents; a summary of incarceration-related experiences commonly encountered by affected children; and a discussion of implications for policy and practice.

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28

Rotter, Merrill, and Virginia Barber-Rioja. Diversion programs and alternatives to incarceration. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0021.

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Decreasing the number of individuals with mental illness in the criminal justice system remains a public mental health priority – one that has even reached the U.S. Supreme Court. Diverting individuals with mental illness from jail or prison decreases their exposure to that traumatic environment and addresses security concerns of corrections professionals charged with their care and management. When diversion is coupled with the court-based, problem-solving approach of monitored care and treatment in the community, public safety is improved and the clinical success of the individual is enhanced. When treatment in the community includes an explicit focus on criminogenic factors, the ability to meet public safety goals are enhanced even further. Given these several goals, as well as the considerable variability from jurisdiction to jurisdiction in court resources, treatment resources, social supports, political philosophies, and fiscal realities, the types of diversion that will work for one community may not work for another. However, the overwhelming majority of the data is clear that diversion can be implemented with documented success in the domains described above, and that there are a number of beneficial models for client intercept and associated programming. This chapter reviews the major models used to divert those with serious mental illness from incarceration, paying attention to some of the legal and clinical issues that arise as a result of diversion initiatives. Brief overviews of those interventions, including drug and mental health courts, jail diversion programs, and alternatives to incarceration for the mentally ill, are presented.

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29

Helping hand, a Delhi prisons model: Compilation of voluntary community participation in treatment of prisoners, 2004. New Delhi: Delhi Prison Administration, 2004.

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30

Reynolds, Pamela. J Is for Jail: True Stories of How Parents Impact Children's Lives and Learning in Schools. a Community Approach Overcomes Obstacles. Independently Published, 2019.

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31

Turner, Susan. The Multiple Faces of Reentry. Edited by John Wooldredge and Paula Smith. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199948154.013.23.

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In recent years, prisoner reentry programs have been developed to promote the successful reintegration of offenders back into communities upon release from prison and jail. Specifically, these programs often involve a comprehensive case management approach to assist offenders in the acquisition of prosocial life skills. A variety of programs are currently used to facilitate the reentry process, including prerelease programs, drug rehabilitation, vocational training, and work programs. In addition, reentry courts have been established in several jurisdictions in an attempt to offer a more focused approach to community reintegration. This essay reviews the challenges associated with postrelease supervision and service delivery, including the potentially deleterious effects of long prison sentences and certain prison environments, as well as the development, implementation, and evaluation of prisoner reentry programs.

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32

Zahedi, Sohrab. Diagnostic review and revision. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0020.

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The criminalization of people with mental illness is a sad commentary on the United States’ mental health system. Yet, the phenomenon presents the field of psychiatry with an opportunity that is now scarce in civil society: lengths of sentence in terms of weeks to years that allow for in-depth observation and treatment of the inmate with mental illness. A few days in a hospital fails to provide the needed opportunity for a detailed and accurate evaluation. Today, people with mental illness account for more than one million annual arrests and many among these individuals will spend weeks to months in jail before being either transferred to a prison for sentences beyond one year or released back into the community. At its core, psychiatric diagnosis relies on the subjective complaints of the patient and objective signs noted on examination. Considering the chronic and fluctuating course of most psychiatric diagnoses, a thorough assessment also requires a review of past documented behaviors. When someone is hospitalized for a psychiatric condition, the first goal is often observation, followed by diagnosis, and then treatment. Psychiatric hospitals are being greatly constrained in the amount of time available for observation and accurate diagnosis; the correctional setting, as an unintended consequence of mass incarceration, provides an extended opportunity to achieve improved diagnostic accuracy. This chapter reflects on the diagnostic opportunities that a jail or a prison setting affords.

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33

Norko, Michael A., Craig G. Burns, and Charles Dike. Hospitalization. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0027.

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A significant number of people with serious mentally illness are found in correctional settings and must be provided with clinical care commensurate with their needs. Many of those needs may be met within the mental health care systems established in jails and prisons. When clinical conditions are more complex and require more intensive management, the availability of hospital level of care becomes important. The relationship for care for an incarcerated patient between acute psychiatric care in jails and prisons on the one hand and forensic or community hospitals on the other varies by jurisdiction. While the decision to pursue hospitalization for an acutely ill inmate is driven chiefly by clinical considerations, it is also influenced by security and safety concerns. These factors need to be considered on an individual basis, weighing the advantages and disadvantages of treatment in an outside hospital versus management in the prison or jail with available resources. Involuntary medication and involuntary hospital transfer implicate important legal rights, the protection of which requires due process established by federal and state laws and case precedents. Clinicians working in corrections and in hospital settings that admit inmates and detainees need to be aware of the relevant procedures required for these involuntary treatment modalities. In all jurisdictions, hospital level care is necessary for a subset of sentenced inmates and jail detainees and must therefore be made available when appropriate. This chapter discusses a variety of models linking psychiatric care across institutional boundaries.

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34

Penn, Joseph V. Standards and accreditation for jails, prisons, and juvenile facilities. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0063.

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Numerous challenges confront correctional health staff in serving the needs of incarcerated adults and juveniles. Effective screening, timely referral, and appropriate treatment are critical. Their implementation requires interagency collaboration, adherence to established national standards of care, and implementation of continuous quality improvement practices and research on the health needs of this vulnerable patient population. Effective evaluation and treatment during incarceration meets important public health objectives and helps improve health services and effective transition into the community upon release. Many types of ‘free world’ health care organizations—such as hospitals, nursing homes, and psychiatric facilities—are accredited by the Joint Commission. Similarly, jails, prisons, juvenile detention, and other correctional facilities may be accredited by the National Commission on Correctional Health Care (a spinoff from the American Medical Association), the American Correctional Association, the Joint Commission, or a combination of the above. Although national accreditation is typically voluntary, it is often a contractual requirement for universities, other health care systems, and private vendors who provide health care services to correctional systems. In addition, when facilities undergo investigation or litigation, or are placed in receivership or federal oversight, they are often mandated to establish and maintain national accreditations. This chapter presents a brief historical narrative of the events that resulted in the development and adoption of national jail, prison, and juvenile correctional health care standards; a cogent review of jail and prison standards with particular relevance to psychiatry and mental health; and discussion of accreditation programs.

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35

Rotter, Merrill, Virginia Barber-Rioja, and Faith Schombs. Recovery and recidivism reduction for offenders with mental illness. Edited by Alec Buchanan and Lisa Wootton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738664.003.0007.

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Treatment of individuals with mental illness who have justice involvement has the same goals as the treatment of those without justice involvement: ameliorating symptoms, minimizing disability, maximizing community functioning, and supporting individualized recovery goals. The attainment of these goals are challenged, if not precluded, when a person is incarcerated, making the overrepresentation of individuals with mental illness all the more tragic, and decreasing criminal justice activity all the more important for both clinical success and public safety. Understanding and addressing the risk of criminal recidivism (i.e., re-arrest and return to jail for offenders with mental illness) is, therefore, a critical skill for the forensic clinician. In this chapter, we review risk factors for recidivism with specific focus on those relevant for offenders with mental illness, and present a holistic approach that incorporates both traditional treatment and recidivism-focused psychosocial interventions.

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36

Kenney, Padraic. “You Have the Consolation of Being Very Much in the Fight”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199375745.003.0005.

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Political prisoners leave behind a cause and a movement, and endeavor to represent them and to stay in contact while behind bars. They live in a world beyond the imagining of most of their fellow citizens. Whatever a movement loses when its leaders and enthusiasts go to jail, it faces the difficult challenge of keeping them relevant to the cause. This chapter explores the mechanics, limitations, and opportunities of letter writing, and examines the history of escapes from prison. Prisoner assistance movements in many cases—in particular Polish leftists fighting for independence, Irish Republicans, and the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa—were organized and led by women. Communists in Poland and around the world organized prisoner assistance as a way to inspire and mobilize support for the cause

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37

Jacob, Jabin T. China’s Evolving Strategy in the Indian Ocean Region. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199479337.003.0013.

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Jabin T. Jacob, an Indian analyst on China, provides a more skeptical view on the MSR and the risks China faces in that initiative. Jacob argues that the challenge of the MSR initiative for China is not just the obvious strategic benefits, but also the consequences of the potential failure of the strategy. This might happen due to China’s current economic slowdown which would affect China’s neighbours too. The potential failure of Xi Jinping’s grand foreign policy project also has consequences for his own credibility at home and for the Communist Party of China. If the cash runs out and the going gets tough, might China resort to tested methods of focusing on military assistance, not only in Pakistan, but in other South Asian countries, with potential adverse consequences for India?

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38

Lambert, Erin. Everywhere in Our Sight. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190661649.003.0005.

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This chapter focuses on the liturgy and psalm singing of a group of Dutch Reformed exiles known as the Stranger church, who found safe harbor under the leadership of Johannes a Lasco in London in the 1550s only to face expulsion after the accession of Mary I. By singing the metrical psalms of Jan Utenhove, the exiles envisioned a community that could be enacted in any place and redefined their relationship to a world in which they had no sanctioned place. Thus the Stranger church reimagined the entire earth as a place of exile and looked to heaven as their home when their bodies rose from the earth. The story of the Dutch Strangers thus separates belief from the political geography of sixteenth-century Europe, and it reveals how the turmoil of the era transformed the relationship between belief and the physical world.

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39

Reform, Committee on Government, United States Congress, and United States House of Representatives. Beyond community standards and a constitutional level of care?: A review of services, costs, and staffing levels at the corrections medical receiver for the District of Columbia Jail. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018.

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40

Appelbaum, Kenneth L. Self-injurious behaviors. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0049.

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One of the most challenging management challenges in correctional settings is self-injurious behavior (SIB). Often, the motivations, demographics, and characteristics are distinct from SIB found in the community. In community samples, about 4% of adults report a history of SIB with no significant gender differences in rate. Despite its serious consequences in jails and prisons, reliable data on self-injury in those settings remains sparse. A survey of the 51 state and federal directors of correctional mental health services in the United States found that less than 2% of inmates per year self-injure. Although relatively few inmates engage in this behavior, they do so often enough that almost all systems that responded to the survey reported at least weekly incidents and over 70% of systems had episodes occurring several times per week to more than once per day. The most common psychiatric conditions associated with SIB include psychotic, personality, cognitive, and mood disorders. Environmental factors, which include behavioral triggers and responses, often play a key role in SIB, especially in jails and prisons. Self-injury can return a degree of control and autonomy to inmates who otherwise have limited means to affect their environment, cope with stress, or get what they want. Effective management of self-injurious behaviors in correctional settings almost always requires partnership and cooperation between health care and custody staff. This chapter reviews context and nosology, epidemiology and best practices for assessment, diagnosis, and intervention in jail and prison settings.

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41

Gehler, Michael, and Wilfried Loth, eds. Reshaping Europe. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748907855.

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How can the new dynamic in European integration politics during the second half of the 1980’s be explained? What were the driving forces behind the Single European Act, the achievement of the Single Market, the Schengen agreement, the EC’s expansion to the south, and the new steps towards Monetary Union and the Common Foreign and Security Policy? In this book, using numerous discoveries from the archives, historians from 12 countries show how the European Community reacted to the challenges of globalisation and the reform initiatives by Mikhail Gorbachev. In doing so, they write a new chapter in the history of European integration: the emergence of the European Union. With contributions by Marta Alorda, Andrea Brait, Frédéric Bozo, Eric Bussière, Deborah Cuccia, Alice Cunha, Anjo G. Harryvan, Michael Gehler, Gilles Grin, Maria Eleonora Guasconi, Georg Kreis, Wilfried Loth, Marco Lovec, N. Piers Ludlow, Simone Paoli, Nicolae Paun, Kiran Klaus Patel, Daniela Preda, Frederike Schotters, Jasper Trautsch, Jan van der Harst, Laurent Warlouzet

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42

Reinle, Christine, and Anna-Lena Wendel, eds. Das Recht in die eigene Hand nehmen? Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748924449.

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Autonomous use of violence — whether for vengeance or in a feud — can potentially endanger community safety. The contributors to this volume depict the logic and narrative strategies used to validate the autonomous use of violence on the one hand, and examine attempts to delegitimise such violence through legal and religions norms on the other. In doing so, they focus on the endeavours of theologians to discredit violence used in a feud as a danger to the salvation of an individual’s soul and as a threat to everyone’s safety. As emotions are often cited as an argument for both justifying and rejecting violent action, some of the studies in this anthology also contribute to the history of emotions. With contributions by Maria Pia Alberzoni, Zdeněk Beran, Matthias Berlandi, Simone Brehmer, Maximilian Diesenberger, Jan Hirschbiegel, Peter Hoppenbrouwers, Marius Kraus, Stephen Mossman, Christine Reinle, Stefan Tebruck, Anna-Lena Wendel, Christian Wenzel, Klaus Wolf and Lidia Luisa Zanetti Domingue.

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43

Ruse, Michael. Onward Christian Soldiers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867577.003.0005.

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In 1914, Europe went to war, because of German expansionism, but without a central moral purpose as in 1939. Christian leaders had to scramble to find justification, which they soon located in our sinful nature, and most particularly the sinful nature of the opponents. In major respects, therefore, the First World War was a religious war, battling against the infidel. Anglican leaders, like the Bishop of London, Arthur F. Winnington Ingram, urged the necessity of killing Germans; and Lutheran leaders on the other side, like Adolf von Harnack, were no less bloodthirsty. There was an often-despised pacifist minority. In England, this included the philosopher Bertrand Russell, who was very much not a Christian, and members of the “Fellowship of Reconciliation,” who very much were Christians. In America, the Episcopalian bishop of Utah, Paul Jones, got the sack because of his pacifism, and the Catholic Ben Salmon was sent to jail and refused communion by his church.

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44

Mendel, Peter, Lois Davis, Susan Turner, Gabriela Armenta, Cedric Farmer, Cheryl Branch, and Glenn Robert. Co-Design of Services for Health and Reentry (CO-SHARE): An Experience-Based Co-Design (EBCD) Pilot Study with Individuals Returning to Community from Jail and Service Providers in Los Angeles County. RAND Corporation, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/rr2844.

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45

Candilis, Philip J., and Eric D. Huttenbach. Ethics in correctional mental health. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0008.

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Working as a psychiatrist in a jail or prison presents many ethical issues, many unique to the correctional setting. Obligations to the law, professional standards, the community, and public health require a complex appreciation of competing values. It remains an extraordinary commentary on the state of mental health that the largest mental health institutions in the United States are jails and prisons. In daily practice, acknowledging healthcare, individual, and professional values in a robust vision of professionalism means advocating for clinical values and opposing mistreatment. Making the limits of confidentiality clear is a time-honored element of the informed consent process and need not be diluted in the correctional system. Honoring clear boundaries between treatment and forensic evaluation are the crux of this issue: confidentiality warnings and access to counsel cannot be one-off affairs that do not account for the cognitive, educational, or mental health vulnerabilities of the patient in a correctional setting. Developing trust, offering transparency, and delivering clear descriptions of procedural requirements are the lessons of an empirical database that supports this approach and can lead to more collaboration and less violence. This chapter presents a discussion of the critical concerns, including informed consent and coercion, dual agency, appropriate access to care, and managing professional boundaries and standards.

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Tamburello, Anthony C. Prescribed medication abuse. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0031.

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Community abuse of prescription medication is typically limited to overuse or inappropriate sharing of medication. In jails and prisons, the demand characteristics are dramatically altered, creating an elaborate laboratory for medication alteration, diversion, and abuse. While prescription medications are sometimes used to achieve a ‘high,’ they may also be sought to ease discomforts commonly experienced in a jail or prison. Some may seek stimulating medications to counteract the effects of prescribed sedatives to allow them to be ready to respond to real or perceived dangers. Thus, inmates may feign or exaggerate mood, anxiety, psychotic, or somatic symptoms with the goal of being prescribed medications with the desired effects. More insidious is the diversion of prescribed medications to a third party. Many prescribed medicines have a ‘street value’ in correctional settings. A patient with a legitimate need for medication, who may already have poor illness insight, may be enticed or coerced into transferring their medication to a peer. This creates several dangerous problems. The source inmate may worsen or fail to improve, which may lead to dose escalation, an incorrect conclusion about a treatment failure, poor functioning, and behavioral sequelae including disruptive or violent conduct. Meanwhile, the recipient is exposed to medication risks without the benefits of informed consent or medical supervision. This chapter presents data on specific classes of prescribed medication abuses, methods of abuse, and approaches to minimize abuse or diversion of prescribed medications.

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Jaffrelot, Christophe, and Pratinav Anil. India's First Dictatorship. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577820.001.0001.

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In June 1975 Prime Minister Indira Gandhi imposed a state of emergency, resulting in a twenty-one-month suspension of democracy. Jaffrelot and Anil revisit the Emergency to re-evaluate characterisations of India as the ‘world’s largest democracy.’ They explore India’s first experiment with authoritarianism, which resulted in a constitutional dictatorship with an unequal impact across states. The impact was felt more strongly in the capital, its neighbouring states and in the Hindi belt than in states ruled by the opposition—the North East and South India. This was largely due to the resilience of federalism and local socio-political factors in these regions. India’s First Dictatorship focuses on Mrs Gandhi and her son, Sanjay, who was largely responsible for the mass sterilization programs and deportation of urban slum-dwellers. However, it equally exposes the facilitation of authoritarian rule by Congressmen, Communists, trade unions, businessmen and the urban middle class, as well as the complacency of the judiciary and media. While opposition leaders eventually ended up in jail, many of them—especially in the RSS—tried to collaborate with the new regime. Those who resisted the Emergency, in the media or on the streets, were far and few between. The Emergency accentuated India’s political culture, which is reflected in the current zeitgeist, as the illiberal aspects of Indian democracy yet again resurface with the rise of Hindu nationalist authoritarian populism. This episode was neither a parenthesis nor a turning point, but a style of rule that is very much alive today.

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48

Cambridge Street study. 1991.

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Books on the topic 'Jain Community'

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