To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Jamaica. Dept. of Agriculture.
Journal articles on the topic 'Jamaica. Dept. of Agriculture'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Jamaica. Dept. of Agriculture.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Woodsong, Cynthia. "Old farmers, invisible farmers: Age and agriculture in Jamaica." Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 9, no. 3 (July 1994): 277–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00978215.
Full text
2
Schnelle, Mike, Scott Palmer, and Jim Criswell. "158 Oklahoma Department of Agriculture Inspector Training." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 469C—469. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.469c.
Full textAbstract:
Oklahoma Dept. of Agriculture field inspectors are rarely horticulturists. Yet, they are often expected to provide inspections and suggestions to nursery, greenhouse, and garden center operators. Because of their lack of formal training in ornamental horticulture and related fields, Oklahoma State Univ. extension faculty set out to provide training in horticulture, entomology, and plant pathology-type issues. Results of statewide training workshops will be discussed, including, but not limited to, specific topics such as plant identification and culture, phytotoxicity in the greenhouse and nursery, and worker protection standards. Last, evaluation feedback regarding inspectors' interest for future training workshops will be addressed.
3
Benkeblia, N. "ROLE OF HORTICULTURE IN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT AND FOOD SECURITY IN JAMAICA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 921 (December 2011): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.921.4.
Full text
4
Alexeev, V. P. "Future Plans and Perspectives of the Archaeological Institute, Moscow." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 1, no. 3 (1995): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005794x00174.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSince the 19th c. Russian archaeologists have studied the legacy of classical civilization in a broad area from S. Russia to the Caucasus and Central Asia, and its interaction with local cultures. The work of the Dept. of Classical Archaeology of the Institute of Archaeology focusses on 10 important Classical sites in the former USSR and on the history of the Bosporan and Chersonesite states. A new trend is the complex investigation of ancient cities and their chora (esp. of areas under threat from agriculture, building and a general deterioration of the ecology). The Dept. of Classical Archaeology collaborates in this work with several foreign research centres and ensures a wide distribution of its results through works for the general reader and exhibitions.
5
Thompson, T. E., and L. J. Grauke. "Pecan Nut and Kernel Traits Are Related to Shelling Efficiency." HortScience 38, no. 4 (July 2003): 586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.38.4.586.
Full textAbstract:
The U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service conducts the largest and oldest pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] breeding program in the world. This program evaluates thousands of nut and kernel samples each year using a standard nut and kernel evaluation system developed and refined for more than 70 years. This report relates the effectiveness of these evaluations to commercial shelling efficiency by direct comparison of these data to commercially shelled samples from the same clone performance test. Visual ratings of shelled kernel samples (1-5, with 1 = best) were correlated with time required to hand clean kernel samples (r = 0.55). As percent kernel increased, visual ratings of shelled kernels improved (decreased) (r = -0.73). More intact halves were recovered from shelled samples with the best (lowest) visual ratings (r = -0.67). Conversely, fewer pieces of any size were present in samples with the best visual ratings. Visual ratings improved as nut density decreased (r = 0.33). Samples with the lightest kernel color also had the best visual ratings (r = 0.38). These data show that the standard U.S. Dept. of Agriculture pecan nut and kernel evaluation system needs to be refined by modifying selection pressure placed on various standard evaluation traits.
6
Thompson, Maxine M. "Chromosome Numbers of Rubus Species at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository." HortScience 30, no. 7 (December 1995): 1447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.7.1447.
Full textAbstract:
The U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR), Corvallis, Ore., maintains Rubus germplasm representing worldwide diversity of the genus. Chromosome numbers were counted for 201 plants representing 124 taxa (species and varieties). There are new reports for 42 taxa, confirmation for 72 previously reported, and 10 counts for plants unidentified to species. The basic chromosome number was seven, and ploidy levels ranged from 2x to 12x.
7
Garrick, L. D. "The Black River Lower Morass: a threatened wetland in Jamaica." Oryx 20, no. 3 (July 1986): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300020007.
Full textAbstract:
The Black River Lower Morass is Jamaica's largest wetland, and is a refuge for two endangered species—the American crocodile and the West Indian manatee—as well as for a host of other plants and animals. It is internationally important for many birds and a vital economic resource for 20,000 people. Proposals for peat mining and drainage for agriculture now threaten this valuable area. The author has a long-standing interest in the wetland, having studied the American crocodile there since 1975.
8
Hennessey, Michael K., Robert J. Knight, and Raymond J. Schnell. "Antibiosis to Caribbean Fruit Fly in Avocado Germplasm." HortScience 30, no. 5 (August 1995): 1061–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.5.1061.
Full textAbstract:
Seventeen avocado selections from the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Miami National Clonal Germplasm Repository were bioassayed for antibiosis to Caribbean fruit fly eggs and larvae. Two colony-reared strains of flies were used. Fourteen of the selections did not support any development of immature stages to the adult stage. The results support the contention that highly resistant cultivars would not pose a high risk of spreading Caribbean fruit fly to foreign markets even without postharvest disinfestation treatment.
9
Polomski*, Robert F., Carri Carver Wallace, Mary Taylor Haque, Lisa K. Wagner, James E. Arnold, Amy D. Craddock, Christian Maloney Cicimurri, and Lisa D. Chancellor. "Designing a Children's Garden for Experiential Learning in the South Carolina Botanical Garden." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 810E—811. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.810e.
Full textAbstract:
An interdisciplinary team of Clemson Univ. faculty, graduate students, and undergraduate students partnered with the South Carolina Botanical Garden staff and children from the “Sprouting Wings” after-school garden program to plan and design a 2.5-acre Children's Garden. Imaginative and educational, the plans call for a series of outdoor theme gardens. Proposals for 13 theme gardens include a “Dinosaur Dig”, a “Food for Thought Garden”, a “Hide-and-Seek Garden”, a “Terraced Sitting Garden”, an “Ethnobotany Garden”, a “Wonders of Water Garden”, a “Learning from Nature Outdoor Classroom”, a “Carolina Fence Garden”, a “Cottage Garden”, a “Bold View Butterfly Garden”, a “Woodland Wonderland”, a “Playful Plaza Garden,” and an “Arbored Entrance and Exit Garden.” Project methodology included research, case studies, site analysis, program development, preliminary plans, master plan, and individual garden designs with plan views, elevation drawings, detail drawings, and plant lists. Using an experiential learning pedagogy, a design class of 15 students contributed an estimated 2,000 hours of work while learning about landscape design. Results included 30 drawing boards depicting research, analysis, and design proposals, which were presented to the South Carolina Botanical Garden Staff for approval in Fall 2003. Note: This material is based upon work supported by the cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 2002-38411-122122. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.
10
Hopen, Herbert J. "Herbicides Available for Commercial Cabbage Producers during 1965-94." HortTechnology 5, no. 1 (January 1995): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.5.1.25.
Full textAbstract:
Through cooperation of state agricultural research stations, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture-Cooperative States Research Service (USDA-CSRS) Interregional Project Four (IR-4), manufacturers and grower organizations, new herbicide labels for cabbage have been granted recently. Labels for the herbicides consist of national, regional, and state need and state emergency use labels. These herbicides provide adequate choices of labels for cabbage producers in the major commercial production areas. Starting with only three herbicides available in 1965 to a choice of 10 herbicides in 1994, growers can be more effective in control of weeds in cabbage.
11
Thompson, Maxine M. "Chromosome Numbers of Rubus Cultivars at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository." HortScience 30, no. 7 (December 1995): 1453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.7.1453.
Full textAbstract:
Chromosome numbers were counted for 90 Rubus cultivars and selections maintained at the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, Ore. To my knowledge, 37 of the counts are new, including five that are corrections of previously published counts, 30 that are confirmations of numbers that were previously published but assumed from their parentage rather than actually counted, and 23 that are confirmations of previous counts. The basic number was 7, and 2n numbers ranged from 2x to 14x, including odd-ploids and aneuploids.
12
Moulton, Alex A., and Jeff Popke. "Greenhouse governmentality: Protected agriculture and the changing biopolitical management of agrarian life in Jamaica." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 35, no. 4 (November 22, 2016): 714–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775816679669.
Full textAbstract:
This paper draws upon Foucauldian theories of governmentality and biopower to examine the recent growth of greenhouse cultivation on the island of Jamaica. Greenhouse farming has been widely promoted as a means to enhance the efficiency, technological sophistication, and profitability of the island’s traditional small-scale farmers. Following Foucault, and drawing on a series of interviews with greenhouse growers, we read this intervention as form of governmentality acting on the conduct and attitudes of Jamaican farmers. As a form of governmentality, greenhouse farming also represents a new and distinctive regime of biopower, one that intervenes with greater precision into the metabolism between the natural processes of the rural population and the vital properties of growing plants. Viewed as a form of biopower, the greenhouse calls particular attention to the ways in which assemblages of materials and technologies enable new forms of control and surveillance over the life processes associated with crop cultivation, thereby generating new kinds of affective relations and agrarian subjectivities. This capital- and chemical-intensive biopolitics, we argue, threatens to re-engineer Jamaica’s agrarian milieu in ways that favor elite agricultural interests at the expense of long-standing traditional farming practices and the forms of socio-ecological metabolism upon which they are based.
13
Parr, James F., and Sharon B. Hornick. "Agricultural use of organic amendments: A historical perspective." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 7, no. 4 (December 1992): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300004781.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAgricultural research conducted in the United States since establishment of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture and Land-Grant University System in 1862 has shown that regular and proper additions of organic materials are very important for maintaining the tilth, fertility, and productivity of agricultural soils, protecting them from wind and water erosion, and preventing nutrient losses by runoff and leaching. Several millennia earlier, Roman agriculturists were advocating crop rotations, green manuring, composts, legumes, farmyard manures, crop residues, wood ashes, seaweed, and sewage wastes for supplying humus and nutrients to restore or enhance soil productivity. Even earlier, Asian farmers also used these practices to maintain healthy and productive soils. Today the most serious problem in U.S. agriculture and agriculture worldwide is the widespread degradation of agricultural soils through erosion and the consequential decline in productivity. In view of how much information is available on the benefits of organic recycling on agricultural lands, one wonders why we aren't doing a better job of protecting and conserving our land resource base. We discuss strategies for using organic resources more effectively to achieve a more sustainable agriculture for the future.
14
Guenthner, Joseph F. "Forecasting Annual Vegetable Plantings." HortTechnology 2, no. 1 (January 1992): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.1.89.
Full textAbstract:
Vegetable producers and marketers make business decisions based on supply estimates. The U.S. Dept. of Agriculture provides estimates of planting intentions for field crops but not for most vegetable crops. This study developed models that can be used to forecast vegetable crop plantings. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the factors that influence plantings of potatoes and onions. Field crop planting intentions, industry structure, lagged values of plantings, prices received, price volatility, and the price of sugar beets were found to be significant factors. The models and/or methods used in this study should be useful to those interested in forecasting vegetable plantings.
15
Evensen, Kathleen B., Joseph M. Russo, and Harriet Braun. "Grading Criteria for Judging Potatoes for Chip Quality and Yield." HortTechnology 2, no. 3 (July 1992): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.3.408.
Full textAbstract:
Grading criteria are proposed for judging potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) for chip quality and yield. The criteria were derived from a decision-making scheme developed from expert opinions, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture grades, and a statistical evaluation of stored potatoes. The criteria are presented as ranges of acceptable values for a limited set of variables found to be important for chip quality and yield. These variables include bruising, cracks, cuts, fusarium dry rot, lesions, and scab. The proposed criteria, besides being a practical decision-making tool for processors, could serve as a knowledge base for potato expert systems and the development of mechanized sorting equipment.
16
van der Zwet, Tom, and Richard L. Bell. "Response of Central European Pyrus Germplasm to Natural Fire Blight Infection and Artificial Inoculation." HortScience 30, no. 6 (October 1995): 1287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.6.1287.
Full textAbstract:
Of 133 Pyrus accessions (predominantly P. communis L.), collected in Central Europe and previously rated in the resistant U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA) blight scores 10–6, only 77 (57.0%) remained in these scores after an additional 5 years of exposure to fire blight [Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winsl. et al.]. Of these, 24 originated from three states in former Yugoslavia. Following several years of severe blight epiphytotics, only 5 (10.4%) of 52 accessions released from quarantine since 1986 and planted at Appalachian Fruit Research Station scored 6 or above. All accessions were highly susceptible to artificial blossom inoculation, and only 10 accessions were at least moderately resistant to artificial shoot inoculations.
17
Creamer, N. G., and J. P. Mueller. "687 Implementation of Long-term Farming Systems Studies: Challenges and Opportunities." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 517C—517. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.517c.
Full textAbstract:
The Center for Environmental Farming Systems (CEFS) is dedicated to developing farming systems that are environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable. Established in 1994 at the North Carolina Dept. of Agriculture Cherry Farm near Goldsboro, CEFS has >2000 acres (1000 cleared). This unique center is a partnership among North Carolina State Univ., North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State Univ., North Carolina Dep. of Agriculture and Consumer Services, nongovernmental organizations, and other state and federal agencies, farmers, and citizens. Long-term cropping systems that integrate the broad range of factors involved in agricultural systems is the focus of the Cropping Systems Unit at CEFS. The USDA SARE program has provided funding to help establish a comprehensive long-term, large-scale experiment. Data collection and analyses include comprehensive soil and water quality, pests and predators (weeds, insects, and disease), crop factors (growth, yield, and quality), economic factors (viability, on/off farm impact, and community), and energy issues. Systems being compared are a successional ecosystem, plantation forestry/wood lot, integrated crop/animal production system, organic production system, and a cash-grain cropping system (BMP). An interdisciplinary team of scientists from almost every department from the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, along with faculty from North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State Univ., NGO representatives, and farmers are collaborating in this endeavor. Challenges and opportunities in building collaborative teams and setting up such long-term trials will be discussed.
18
Bahagia, Bahagia, Fachruddin Majeri Mangunjaya, Zuzy Anna, and Rimun Wibowo. "INDIGENIOUS KNOWLEDGE OF URUG SOCIETIES FOR AGRICULTURE IRRIGATION IN BOGOR WEST JAVA." JURNAL SOSIAL HUMANIORA 11, no. 2 (October 12, 2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jsh.v11i2.3226.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this research to investigate traditional agricultural irrigation based on indigenious knowledge of customary urug societies in Bogor West Java. The research method use is Ethnoecology qualitative approach. This method is implemented because research have conection among human (cultural & social) and environment including traditional agriculture water management as well as the knowledge about environment. Data are collected by in-depth interview, observation and documentation. In order to determine respondents as major sources information use purposive sampling technique. The outcome is analized with combination numerous of method such as in-dept interview, observation, and documentation (triangulation data). There are some results including rice paddy field in Urug societies exert traditional terrascering for inventing land for cultivating of paddy because geograhpycally location of wet land paddy is mountainious. The another is traditional irrigation of Urug slue river water (main sources of irrigation) to to susukan (traditional reservoir). After that water is flowed to Selokan and continue to rice paddy field. The person who have mandatory for water agriculture management is mentioned as Ulu-ulu. Ulu-ulu is pivotal person because have chores for ensuring all farmer received water from river, Susukan and selokan. The other finding is Urug customary societies applicate gotong royong (mutual cooperation) among member of societies typically in traditional agriculture irrigatin activity. Keywords: Indigenious Knowledge, Susukan, Ulu-ulu, Traditional irrigation, traditional agriculture
19
Johnson, Lauren C. "Work at the Periphery: Issues of Tourism Sustainability in Jamaica." Culture Unbound 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 949–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.146949.
Full textAbstract:
The tourism industry in Jamaica, as elsewhere in the Caribbean, has provided government interests and tourism stakeholders with increasingly profitable economic benefits. The development and prosperity of the ‘all-inclusive’ vacation model has become a significant aspect of these benefits. Vacationers from North America and Europe are particularly attracted to tourism destinations providing resort accommodations that cater to foreign visitors, offering ‘safe spaces’ for the enjoyment of sun, sand, and sea that so many leisure-seekers desire. Safety and security are progressively becoming more relevant within the contexts of poverty, crime, and tourist harassment that are now commonplace in many of these island destinations. This model of tourism development, however, represents a problematic relationship between these types of hotels and the environmental, political, and economic interests of the communities in which they are located. The lack of linkage between tourist entities and other sectors, such as agriculture and transportation, leaves members of local communities out of the immense profits that are generated. Based on a review of relevant literature and ethnographic research conducted in one of Jamaica’s most popular resort towns, this paper considers the ways in which the sociocultural landscape of a specific place is affected by and responds to the demands of an overtly demanding industry. Utilizing an anthropological approach, I explore local responses to tourism shifts, and analyse recent trends in the tourism industry as they relate to the concept of sustainability.
20
Thompson, Tommy E., and L. J. Grauke. "Genetic Resistance to Scab Disease in Pecan." HortScience 29, no. 9 (September 1994): 1078–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.9.1078.
Full textAbstract:
Thirty-six cultivars and 948 seedlings from 15 controlled crosses in the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] breeding program at Brownwood, Texas, were rated for susceptibility to nut scab [Cladosporium caryigenum (Ell. et Lang.) Gottwald] to determine heritability of this trait. Differences between parents and progenies, and within progenies, were highly significant. Within most families, a complete range of resistance reactions were evident, from fully susceptible to fully resistant. Heritability of resistance was determined by regressing individual progeny values on female, male, and midparent values, with the midparent heritability estimate being the highest (0.54). This moderate level of additive gene action and the identification of superior parents in this study will contribute to the efficiency of breeding resistant cultivars.
21
Dangler, James M. "Alabama's Foundation Sweetpotato Program Maintains Root Quality." HortTechnology 4, no. 3 (July 1994): 224b—227. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.4.3.224b.
Full textAbstract:
Many sweetpotato growers produce their own transplants to control quality, assure timely availability, and reduce production costs. The Alabama Crop Improvement Association, Inc., maintains Foundation, Registered, and Certified stocks to provide sweetpotato producers with high-quality sweetpotatoes. These sweetpotato roots are available to growers in any state to improve the quality of their rootstock. Sweetpotatoes produced in the crop improvement program are examined in the bed and the field. They are inspected by the Alabama Dept. of Agriculture and Industries, stored in approved facilities, graded, and shipped in clean crates that are tagged prior to transport and delivery to producers. As a result of the program, sweetpotatoes are produced free of serious diseases and pests, and exhibit the characteristics of the variety.
22
Meyers, Allan D. "Ethnic Distinctions and Wealth among Colonial Jamaican Merchants, 1685–1716." Social Science History 22, no. 1 (1998): 47–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021702.
Full textAbstract:
For most of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, Jamaica was the center of trade and commerce in the English Caribbean. Its economic growth was influenced little by the planter class, which was slow to develop and would not fully emerge until the mid-eighteenth century (Dunn 1973: 204; Sheridan 1965: 292–311). Jamaica grew prosperous, instead, from a merchant class that mediated international trade on one level and distributed goods to the island's inhabitants on another. It was the capital derived from such trade and commerce that ultimately fueled the island's agricultural revolution (Zahedieh 1986b), because many merchants became affluent from trade and then financed investments in sugar plantations, livestock, and secondary staples (Claypole 1970: 174–95). So, unlike other colonies in the Caribbean, where most capital investment originated in England and was sustained by agriculture, Jamaica's capital was locally generated with predominantly external commodities. The early merchants thus have a prominent position both in the history of the island and in Caribbean history in general.
23
Arnold, Roger J., J. B. Jett, and William T. Huxster. "Relationship of U.S. Department of Agriculture Grades to the Value of Fraser Fir Christmas Trees." HortScience 30, no. 2 (April 1995): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.2.369.
Full textAbstract:
Wholesale values, retail values of five eastern United States lots, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA) Christmas-tree grades, and measurements of various growth and quality traits were obtained on ≥1400 Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] (8 years old) Christmas trees. Retail lot values were similar, but average retail value correlated poorly with wholesale value within merchandising height classes. For each of the current wholesale categories (defined by the combination of 30.5-cm interval height classes and USDA grades), average values ranged widely. Some cull-grade trees, which would be unmerchantable according to USDA standards, had moderate retail value. Also, the retail mean of any one wholesale category generally was not significantly different from that of adjacent categories. Some tree quality defects that have equal impact on USDA grade, and consequently wholesale value, differed widely in their effect on retail values. This study indicates that current USDA Christmas-tree grade standards do not adequately differentiate Fraser fir trees with respect to their retail value. We propose a new method of Christmas-tree quality certification that involves computed Christmas-tree quality index values that offer greater accuracy in describing quality with respect to retail value.
24
Zewdie, Yayeh, Michael J. Havey, James P. Prince, and Maria M. Jenderek. "The First Genetic Linkages among Expressed Regions of the Garlic Genome." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 130, no. 4 (July 2005): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.130.4.569.
Full textAbstract:
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been cultivated by asexual propagation since time immemorial. The discovery of male-fertile garlic accessions has opened a venue for genetic studies and improvement through sexual recombination. An S1 family of 84 plants was generated from a single male-fertile heterozygous plant from the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Plant Introduction 540316 and used to identify the first genetic linkages in garlic based on single nucleotide polymorphisms, simple sequence repeats, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs. Thirty-seven markers formed nine linkage groups covering 415 centimorgans (cM) with average distance of 15 cM between loci; other 16 loci remained unlinked. A male fertility locus was placed on the map. This first genetic map of garlic is a seminal step toward the genetic improvement of garlic and eventual marker-assisted breeding.
25
Ehlenfeldt, M. K., A. W. Stretch, and A. D. Drape. "Sources of Genetic Resistance to Red Ringspot Virus in a Breeding Blueberry Population." HortScience 28, no. 3 (March 1993): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.3.207.
Full textAbstract:
A group of 1031 genotypes representing 245 different crosses from a joint U.S. Dept. of Agriculture-New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station blueberry breeding program was evaluated for blueberry red ringspot virus (BBRRSV) symptoms after 8 years of field exposure. Among 41 parents represented by 10 or more progeny, significant differences were observed in offspring BBRRSV expression. The species Vaccinium lamarckii Camp. (4x) and V. amoenum Ait. (6x) and the cultivars Woodard (6x) and Earliblue (4x) seem to have high frequencies of alleles for BBRRSV resistance. Significant differences were also found among 21 different crosses. The most resistant cross was `Elizabeth' x `Earliblue', which had a 23% BBRRSV incidence. Progeny evaluation revealed that none of the parents involved produced families in which all plants were resistant; hence, resistance to this virus may be under polygenic control.
26
Goyal, Manish Kumar, C. A. Madramootoo, and J. F. Richards. "Simulation of the Streamflow for the Rio Nuevo Watershed of Jamaica for Use in Agriculture Water Scarcity Planning." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 141, no. 3 (March 2015): 04014056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000802.
Full text
27
Conner, Patrick J., and Ray E. Worley. "Alternate Bearing Intensity of Pecan Cultivars." HortScience 35, no. 6 (October 2000): 1067–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.6.1067.
Full textAbstract:
The Coastal Plain Experiment Station has been evaluating pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] cultivars for over 75 years. Using annual yield data from this program, the alternate bearing intensities (I) of 66 pecan cultivars and numbered U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA) selections were determined. Values ranged from 0.19 to 0.93 in young trees, and from 0.27 to 0.91 in mature trees under high-input production practices. The adoption of fungicides, insecticides, and irrigation during the last 30 years has reduced the average I value from 0.70 to 0.55. I was negatively correlated with both nut yield and nut weight. All but one cultivar recommended for commercial production in Georgia have I values lower than the average of 0.57 for all cultivars in this test. Values calculated early in a tree's productive life cycle were highly correlated with those of mature trees.
28
Thekkan, Sangeeth, and Paulsamy S. "LEMONGRASS OIL - A MAJOR SOURCE OF INCOME FOR THE TRIBALS OF WAYANAD DISTRICT KERALA." Kongunadu Research Journal 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj147.
Full textAbstract:
Paniyas, Adiyas, Kattunaikan, Kuruman, Karimbalan and Kurchiyas are the native tribal communities and inhibiting the Wayanad district of Kerala. Most of the tribals have engaged in the collecting of minor forest produce and lemongrass cultivation. They have also involved as agriculture labours and casual laboursfor forest dept etc to meet their demand for basic livelihood. Cultivation of lemongrass for oil distillation is considered to be one of the major sources of income for them. The oil yield was determined on basis of grass biomass distilled and the quantity of oil extracted. Among the study areas, Pulpally registered higher annual biomass production of lemongrass (8380 kg/acre) followed by Ambalavayal (7800 kg/acre), Meppadi (7540 kg/acre) and Mananathavady (6440 kg/acre). Lemongrass cultivation and extraction of lemongrass oil from the host provide better job oppurtunities and fairly good economic return in Wayanad district.
29
Anderson, Kirkland Robert. "Tourism and global logistics hub development in the Caribbean." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 9, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-11-2016-0062.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of agritourism as a development model which enables the diversification of agriculture and targets the utilization of endogenous approaches in an effective manner to distribute benefits for the majority of the community. The logistics hub is a channel by which sustainability of this model can be achieved. Methodology This explorative study used survey methodology to gather data from a cross-section of stakeholders: an influential group consisting of 20 directors and senior directors, and 146 farmers, extension and assistant extension officers from rural agriculture development agency (RADA). The study was explored in terms of six proposed sustainability indicators as demonstrated by the Mandel Model for sustainable rural poultry farming. Findings The presence of the logistics hub made possible environmentally friendly infrastructural development, quality control of agritourism services, availability of financial resources and improved publicity and promotion of services. Arising from this, economics, socio-cultural and environmental benefits are likely to be achieved. Research limitations/implications Although the research has achieved its aims, there are some limitations. First, this research was conducted in seven of the fourteen parishes of Jamaica. Second, a broader-based longitudinal study is best suited to research of this nature. Practical implications Participating rural communities are likely to experience increased economic activity and development and ultimately a better standard of living. This must be seen in the context of the need for citizens in rural Jamaica to achieve cultural and educational change. Social implications This study has implications for the development and maintenance of public services and for local customs and cultures. Originality/value It is estimated that more than 100,000 Jamaicans could improve their standard of living and ultimately this would benefit all Jamaicans.
30
Florkowski, W. J., J. C. Purcell, and E. E. Hubbard. "Importance for the U.S. Pecan Industry of Communicating about Quality." HortScience 27, no. 5 (May 1992): 462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.5.462.
Full textAbstract:
Several standards for pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] grades and the relationship between selected quality attributes and prices indicated the complexity of communicating about quality attributes. Clear communication about quality attributes preferred by end users within the pecan industry and horticulturists facilitates the improvement of cultivars and strengthens the competitive position of the industry. A survey of Georgia pecan growers provided information about knowledge and perceived adequacy of pecan quality standards. Logit models were used to identify variables influencing knowledge of pecan grades and their perceived adequacy. Estimation results suggest that larger and more experienced growers were more familiar with the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture standards for grades than small and new growers. The geographical location of a grower did not significantly affect the results. Knowledge of quality attributes demanded by the market requires familiarity with standards for grades and with industry practices to develop improved pecan cultivars.
31
Payum, Temin, Kaling Tayeng, Rajiv Mili, and Marina Langkam. "Crop diversity in jhum cultivation: A case study of Upper Siang District of Arunachal Pradesh, India." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 6, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2021.0602016.
Full textAbstract:
Crop diversity is a source of food, medicines, and fodder; it provides a proximate composition including carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, fats, essential elements, and nutraceuticals for healthy growth and development of a body. Jhum cultivation is a source of multiple crops and study on multiple sources of nutrients help in the dept understanding of diet and also framing of food policy; Present work was carried out to study the multiple cropping in Jhum agriculture field of the Upper Siang District of Arunachal Pradesh. To fulfill the objectives, field visit, open-end questionnaires and purposive samplings methods were used. A total of forty-three (43) crops were recorded to be cultivated in the Jhum field. Crops varieties of the study site could be classified into leafy vegetable crops, cereal crops, oil crops, pulses, spices crops, fruit crops, medicinal food plants, tuber crops and fiber crops.
32
Volk, Gayle M., Christopher M. Richards, Ann A. Reilley, Adam D. Henk, Philip L. Forsline, and Herb S. Aldwinckle. "Ex Situ Conservation of Vegetatively Propagated Species: Development of a Seed-based Core Collection for Malus sieversii." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 130, no. 2 (March 2005): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.130.2.203.
Full textAbstract:
Seeds and scionwood of Malus sieversii Lebed. have been collected from wild populations of apple trees in Kazakhstan. Seedlings and grafted trees were planted in the orchards at the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Plant Genetic Resources Unit in Geneva, N.Y. We developed core collections to capture the genetic and phenotypic diversity represented in the trees from each of two of the Kazakhstan collection sites. These core collections capture more than 90% of the genetic diversity of the original populations, as determined using seven unlinked simple sequence repeat markers and 19 quantitative traits. Since phenotypic evaluations of these materials have been completed, the 35 trees within each population will be used as parents in crosses so that the genetic diversity in the orchard populations can be captured as seed for long-term ex situ conservation. This strategy of storing seeds, rather than maintaining costly field collections, could be applied to other collections of wild plant materials in the National Plant Germplasm System.
33
Maness, Niels O., Donna Chrz, and Joseph C. Goffreda. "INDUCTION OF MEALINESS DURING SHORT-TERM STORAGE FOR A NOVEL PEACH GENOTYPE." HortScience 30, no. 3 (June 1995): 434a—434. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.3.434a.
Full textAbstract:
The peach mutation `Stony Hard' confers a slow softening attribute to the fruit and also confers a highly reproducible predisposal of fruit to soften abnormally to a mealy texture. Induction of mealiness required continuous 48-hour 100-ppm ethylene exposure. `Stony Hard' fruit exposed to low ethylene concentrations (l ppm) or discontinuous 100 ppm ethylene softened more rapidly than fruit exposed to ethylene-free air but to a normal texture. Ethylene treatment failed to induce mealiness in selections without the `Stony Hard' gene. As quantitative methods for assessment of mealiness, mesocarp-extractable juice decreased, and buffer soluble solids and soluble polysaccharide galacturonic acid content increased for mealy fruit. `Stony Hard' peach fruit represent the only known system in which the concentration and duration of exposure to ethylene can be used to manipulate softening and textural properties of the fruit. Supported by U.S. Dept. of Agriculture grant 93-34150-8409 and the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.
34
Abbott, Judith A. "Firmness Measurement of Freshly Harvested `Delicious' Apples by Sensory Methods, Sonic Transmission, Magness-Taylor, and Compression." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 3 (May 1994): 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.3.510.
Full textAbstract:
A rapid nondestructive method for measuring apple texture using sonic vibrational characteristics of intact apples was tested on freshly harvested `Delicious' apples from major U.S. production areas. Sonic transmission spectra and Magness-Taylor (MT) firmness were measured on whole apples and compression measurements were made on excised tissue. Two experienced Agricultural Marketing Service apple inspectors assessed each apple and assigned a ripeness score according to U.S. Dept. of Agriculture grades and standards inspection procedures (based primarily on texture). Sonic functions correlated significantly with ripeness scores, MT firmness, and forces to rupture or crush the tissue in compression. Ripeness scores were more closely correlated with the destructive firmness measurements than with sonic functions. However, sonic measurement has the advantage of being nondestructive, whereas MT and tissue compression are inherently destructive. Further research is needed to modify the Instrumentation and Sensing Laboratory`s sonic technique to improve the prediction of apple firmness before it can be adapted for on-line sorting.
35
Abbott, Judith A., Henry A. Affeldt, and Louis A. Liljedahl. "Firmness Measurement of Stored `Delicious' Apples by Sensory Methods, Magness-Taylor, and Sonic Transmission." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 4 (July 1992): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.4.590.
Full textAbstract:
`Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) from five major U.S. production areas were tested after ≈3 months of commercial storage. Soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), Magness-Taylor (MT) firmness, and sonic transmission spectra were compared with ripeness (maturity in trade terminology) scores assigned by six U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA)-licensed apple inspectors according to USDA Grades and Standards inspection procedures. USDA ripeness categories are defined by textural and flavor terms. Inspectors in this test used visual, manual, oral, and auditory sensations to make their judgments, but firmness was the paramount characteristic judged. SSC and TA did not correlate with inspectors' scores, MT, or sonic measurements and thus are not satisfactory indices of ripeness for stored apples. Sonic resonance functions correlated significantly with mean inspectors' scores and with MT firmness. Inspectors' scores correlated slightly better with MT firmness than with sonic terms. MT is destructive and site-specific; in contrast, sonic measurements are nondestructive and representative of the entire fruit.
36
Thompson, T. E., and J. F. Baker. "Heritability and Phenotypic Correlations of Six Pecan Nut Characteristics." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 3 (May 1993): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.3.415.
Full textAbstract:
Heritability estimates for pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] nut weight, nut buoyancy, nut volume, nut density, kernel weight, and percentage kernel were determined from 8748 nut samples representing 152 families collected during 25 years in the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA) pecan breeding program at Brownwood, Texas. Measurements were corrected for year-to-year environmental variability using least-squares constants of individual year effects. Adjusted values were then regressed on midparent means. Generally, heritability (h2) estimates were low to moderate: nut weight 0.35, nut buoyancy 0.18, nut volume 0.35, nut density 0.03, kernel weight 0.38, and percentage kernel 0.32. The low values are probably due to the extreme alternate bearing tendency of this species, since crop load affects pecan nut characteristics so directly. Phenotypic correlations among these traits showed that larger or heavier nuts had significantly higher kernel weight, buoyancy, and percentage kernel. Nut density increased with higher nut and kernel weight, but decreased with nut volume.
37
Zhang, Yiping, Molly Kyle, Konstantinos Anagnostou, and Thomas A. Zitter. "Screening Melon (Cucumis melo) for Resistance to Gummy Stem Blight in the Greenhouse and Field." HortScience 32, no. 1 (February 1997): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.1.117.
Full textAbstract:
Greenhouse and field evaluations of melon (Cucumis melo L.) for resistance to gummy stem blight, caused by the fungus Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm, were conducted on 798 U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Plant Introduction (PI) accessions and 24 related Cucumis species. Plants were inoculated at the three to four true-leaf stage with a virulent isolate of D. bryoniae collected from Onondaga County, N.Y., and disease indices were calculated based on foliar and stem symptoms. In greenhouse screens, 43 C. melo accessions showed a high level of resistance. Results were consistent between the optimized greenhouse screening procedure described and inoculated replicated field tests. Of these accessions, a Chinese group, PIs 157076, 157080, 157081, 157082, 157084; another group from Zimbabwe, PIs 482393, 482398, 482399, 482402, 482403, 482408; and some others from different origins, PI 255478 (Korea) and PI 511890 (Mexico), showed high levels of resistance, at least equal to that in PI 140471, the leading source of resistance to date.
38
Harmsen, Eric W., John R. Mecikalski, Victor J. Reventos, Estefanía Álvarez Pérez, Sopuruchi S. Uwakweh, and Christie Adorno García. "Water and Energy Balance Model GOES-PRWEB: Development and Validation." Hydrology 8, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8030113.
Full textAbstract:
In 2009, the University of Alabama-Huntsville configured their GOES satellited-based solar radiation product to include Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands (USVI), Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, and Cuba. The half-hourly and daily integrated data are available at 1 km resolution for Puerto Rico and the USVI and 2 km for Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Cuba. These data made it possible to implement estimates of satellite radiation-based evapotranspiration methods on all of the islands. The use of the solar radiation data in combination with estimates of other climate parameters facilitated the development of a water and energy balance algorithm for Puerto Rico. The purpose of this paper is to describe the theoretical background and technical approach for estimating the components of the daily water and energy balance. The operational water and energy balance model is the first of its kind in Puerto Rico. Model validation results are presented for reference and actual evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and streamflow. Mean errors for all analyses were less than 7%. The water and energy balance model results can benefit such diverse fields as agriculture, ecology, coastal water management, human health, renewable energy development, water resources, drought monitoring, and disaster and emergency management. This research represents a preliminary step in developing a suite of gridded hydro-climate products for the Caribbean Region.
39
Beckford, Clinton. "Sustainable Agriculture and Innovation Adoption in a Tropical Small-Scale Food Production System: The Case of Yam Minisetts in Jamaica." Sustainability 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2009): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su1010081.
Full text
40
Brown, Laurence. "Experiments in indenture: Barbados and the segmentation of migrant labor in the Caribbean 1863-1865." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 79, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2008): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002500.
Full textAbstract:
Focuses on indentured and other labour migration from Barbados to other parts of the Caribbean starting in 1863. Within the context of the sugar estate-dominated agriculture of Barbados, as well as its high population density, the author describes the policies and decisions of the governors and local assemblies regarding emigration. He points out how the sugar industry's need for labourers remained dominant in the policies, but that the drought in 1863 caused privations and unrest among the labourers, resulting in more flexibility regarding allowance of indentured emigration schemes and recruitment, such as toward St Croix and Antigua, and later toward British Guiana, and to a smaller degree Jamaica. He discusses how this led to rivalries regarding labour immigrants between colonies, and further attempts at restrictions on labour emigration and recruitment in Barbados.
41
Brown, Laurence. "Experiments in indenture: Barbados and the segmentation of migrant labor in the Caribbean 1863-1865." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 79, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2005): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-90002500.
Full textAbstract:
Focuses on indentured and other labour migration from Barbados to other parts of the Caribbean starting in 1863. Within the context of the sugar estate-dominated agriculture of Barbados, as well as its high population density, the author describes the policies and decisions of the governors and local assemblies regarding emigration. He points out how the sugar industry's need for labourers remained dominant in the policies, but that the drought in 1863 caused privations and unrest among the labourers, resulting in more flexibility regarding allowance of indentured emigration schemes and recruitment, such as toward St Croix and Antigua, and later toward British Guiana, and to a smaller degree Jamaica. He discusses how this led to rivalries regarding labour immigrants between colonies, and further attempts at restrictions on labour emigration and recruitment in Barbados.
42
Benyan, Layla A., and Azhar A. Alhaddad. "Scanning of Processed Food Contaminating Fungi and Determine the Potential Aflatoxigenic type." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 32 (October 31, 2019): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2019.180.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted in the plant protection dept., College of Agriculture, University of Basrah to investigate the food contaminated fungi in several food products involved potato chips, pasta, and popcorn to specify the potential aflatoxigenic species. Eight samples of food products were randomly collected from local market included two samples of pasta, 5 samples potato chips, and one sample of popcorn. The primary isolation was performed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) in 9 cm Petri dishes; the isolated fungi were purified then diagnosed morphologically. The isolation results revealed a presence of several species within three main fungal genera, which included, Penecillium sp., Alternaria alternata , Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. alliaceus, A. candidus, A. fumigatus and A. sclerotiorum in prevalence percentages 43.75 ,35.00 , 18.75, 27.50, 5.64, 3.75, 3.75, 3.75, 3.75 % respectively and frequency percentage 7.15, 2.60, 9.07, 10.69, 0.46, 1.28, 0.46, 1.00% respectively. A. flavus was obtained to examine its ability to produce Aflatoxin using ammonia vapor test. The results revealed that nine isolates of A. flavus showed a possible ability to produce Aflatoxin B1.
43
Greene, George M., Alvan G. Gaus, and Laura J. Lehman. "WORLD'S LARGEST, SMALL CHAMBER, RECIRCULATING, CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE (CA) STORAGE RESEARCH FACILITY." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1092e—1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1092e.
Full textAbstract:
A grant from the Pa. Dept. of Agriculture has allowed Penn State University to increase postharvest physiology research of fruit, vegetables, and mushrooms. One part of this program is a CA storage research facility described herein. An insulated pole barn (26m × 18m with 5m ceilings) houses the facility. Three coolers (6m × 7m with 10cm insulation) provide environmental control for the CA systems (-2 to 10C ±0.5C). A laboratory within the building (6m × 7m × 3m) provides space for product evaluation and for CA control equipment. A total of 239 steel drums (208-liter), fitted with 28 cm round plexiglass windows, are the CA chambers. Gas pumps provide flow to: each chamber, the gas analysis system, and the CO2 scrubbing system. A David Bishop Instruments Oxystat 2, analyzes O2 and CO2 and provides control signals. High CO2 can be removed either by lime scrubbing or by flushing with gases containing N2 and the desired O2 level. Several large experiments involving 7.8 MT of apples were started and preliminary results will be presented.
44
Sorensen, Erik J. "EVALUATING CARROT CULTIVARS IN WASHINGTON THROUGH ON-FARM TRIALS AND IN-MARKET TASTING." HortScience 31, no. 3 (June 1996): 323c—323. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.3.323c.
Full textAbstract:
Carrots are among the most important commercial vegetable crops in Washington state. Over the past decade, production by both large-scale and small-scale growers has steadily increased. To assist these growers, a variety of carrot cultivars for fresh market and processing have been evaluated in on-farm trials and in-market tasting conducted by Washington State Univ. Cooperative Extension. In 1994, 116 entries from 16 seed companies and the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture were planted for evaluation. Imperator-, Chantenay-, Nantes-, and Kuroda-type carrots were planted in separate sections of this on-farm trial. Foliage and roots of all entries were scored at 120 days after planting. Customers at the Pike Place Market were asked to evaluate the appearance, flavor, and texture of 22 of these carrots. A majority of evaluators expressed a preference for Kuroda-type carrots. Some Nantes-type carrots also received high scores. The suitability of carrot cultivars for new products, including carrot juice and carrot chips, and nutritional levels were analyzed in a related study.
45
Langhans, Robert W., and Mauricio Salamanca. "219 Food-grade Greenhouses: Development and Implementation of a HACCP Plan for the Production of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) Boston Lettuce." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 479F—480. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.479f.
Full textAbstract:
With the primary objective of assuring food safety at the production level, a HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) plan was developed and implemented in an 8000-ft2 greenhouse producing 1000 heads of lettuce per day in Ithaca, N.Y. The plan was developed following the HACCP principles and application guidelines published by the National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods (1997). The CEA glass greenhouse uses both artificial high-pressure sodium lamps and a shade curtain for light control. Temperature is controlled via evaporative cooling and water heating. Lettuce plants are grown in a hydroponic pond system and are harvested on day 35 from day of seeding. Known and reasonable risks from chemical, physical, and microbiological hazards were defined during the hazard analysis phase. Critical control points were identified in the maintenance of the pond water, the operation of evaporative coolers, shade curtains, and during harvesting and storage. Appropriate prerequisite programs were implemented before the HACCP plan as a baseline for achieving minimum working conditions. Proper critical limits for some potential hazards were established and monitoring programs set up to control them. Postharvest handling was setup in an adjacent head house that was adapted as a food manufacturing facility according to New York State Dept. of Agriculture and Markets standards. Potential applications will be discussed.
46
Duncan, David R., David Hammond, Jim Zalewski, John Cudnohufsky, Wojciech Kaniewski, Mike Thornton, Jeffrey T. Bookout, Paul Lavrik, Glennon J. Rogan, and Jennifer Feldman-Riebe. "633 Field Performance of “Transgenic” Potato, with Resistance to Colorado Potato Beetle and Viruses." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 556E—557. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.556e.
Full textAbstract:
After more than 10 years of research, Monsanto scientists have developed improved seed potatoes that are protected from serious pests, including insects and disease. The first commercial products resulting from this effort were NewLeaf ® potatoes derived from `Russet Burbank' and `Atlantic' parents. The NewLeaf® product was commercialized in 1995 and contains a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (variety tenebrionis) (B.t.t.). for the production of the Cry3A protein. Potatoes expressing this gene are completely protected from the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) and need no additional chemical protection for this insect pest. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have all determined that these potatoes are the same in safety and nutritional composition as any other `Russet Burbank' and `Atlantic' potatoes. These potatoes have also been approved by Health Canada, Agri-Food Canada and Agriculture Canada and by Japan and Mexico for food use. Commercial growers across North America have experienced outstanding performance while growing NewLeaf® potatoes 3 years in a row. This level of performance is the result of stable, nonsignificant differences in expression of the Cry3A gene. The stable performance, also, is a result of an effective insect resistance management program based on maintaining CPB refuges near NewLeaf ® fields, reducing CPB populations, and monitoring for CPB surviving exposure to NewLeaf® potatoes. In 1998 NewLeaf Y®), conferring resistance to both CPB and potato virus Y, and NewLeaf Plus®, conferring resistance to CPB and potato leafroll virus will be commercially released.
47
Sibley, Jeff L., John M. Ruter, and D. Joseph Eakes. "Bark Anthocyanin Levels Differ with Location in Cultivars of Red Maple." HortScience 34, no. 1 (February 1999): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.1.137.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to determine differences in the bulk anthocyanin content of bark tissue of container-grown red maple (Acer rubrum L. and Acer ×freemanii E. Murray) at two Georgia locations with different environmental conditions. Rooted cuttings and tissue-cultured plantlets of eight cultivars were grown in either Blairsville or Tifton, Ga. [U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA) Hardiness Zones 6b and 8a; American Horticultural Society (AHS) Heat Zones 5 and 8, respectively], from June 1995 until Dec. 1996. Bark tissue from twigs of trees grown in Blairsville was visually redder and contained more total anthocyanin than did that of trees grown in Tifton. Levels of total anthocyanins were higher (P = 0.0007) at Blairsville (0.087 mg·g-1, N = 48) than at Tifton (0.068 mg·g-1, N = 47). At both locations the levels were highest in `Landsburg' (`Firedance'™), followed by `Franksred' (`Red Sunset'™) and `October Glory'. This is the first report to quantify anthocyanin differences in bark tissue of container-grown trees. Cooler nights in Blairsville might have contributed to increased coloration by reducing respiratory losses, thus leaving more carbohydrates available for pigment production.
48
Orzolek, Michael D., Cathy Thomas, Robert D. Berghage, and Paul R. Heller. "Development of a Greenhouse IPM Program in Pennsylvania." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 847E—847. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.847e.
Full textAbstract:
The dramatic reduction in available greenhouse insecticides and the potential for increased insect resistance has necessitated a change in insect control techniques. Because of the large acreage of greenhouse production in Pennsylvania and the need for a more environmentally effective method of controlling insects in greenhouses, an aggressive Integrated Pest Management research program was initiated and has been on-going since 1989. Our objectives were to develop a bibliography of major insect pests; to determine effectiveness of parasitoids on greenhouse and silverleaf whitefly, western flower thrip, and aphids; to reduce pesticide usage; and to comply with worker protection standards. The program was implemented by a joint venture among the Pennsylvania State Univ. faculty and technical staff, grower cooperators, the Pennsylvania Dept. of Agriculture, and the Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers Association. The IPM program was started with an active scouting and monitoring program in commercial houses to determine threshold levels. Control measures were implemented with biological controls, cultural management, and lastly chemical. In addition, the implementation of the results of this research to commercial growers has resulted in the formation of a Greenhouse Crop Management Association. Results of the 5-year research program are discussed.
49
Hubbard, Mark A. "Institutions of a Horticulture Curriculum at College of the Ozarks." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 901D—901. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.901d.
Full textAbstract:
College of the Ozarks is a private, liberal arts college in southwestern Missouri, and the Agriculture Dept. has recently begun instituting a variety of horticulture courses in an effort to meet the increasing student interest in horticultural science. The objective is to educate and train students in the horticulture fundamentals and specific production areas (advanced courses). Also, the College is in the process of constructing teaching and demonstration gardens to be used in conjunction with classroom instruction. These gardens will include a plant materials collection and horticultural crop production areas. Additionally, as the College requires that students work part-time at any of several work “stations” on campus, students have the opportunity to gain experience in landscaping or in production greenhouses on campus. Currently, the college has 10,000 ft2 of greenhouse space that is operated for the purposes of producing plants for campus landscaping, maintaining a ≥6000 orchid collection, and producing plants for seasonal sales. The college intends to integrate the classroom instruction, experiences in the teaching gardens, and the required work experiences to provide students with a complete horticultural education. Comments and suggestions for this budding endeavor are highly sought after.
50
Lancashire, Robert. "Jamaican Chemists in Early Global Communication." Chemistry International 40, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ci-2018-0202.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Justus von Liebig (1803-1873) has been described as “one of the founding fathers of organic chemistry and a great teacher who transformed scientific education, medical practice, and agriculture in Great Britain” [1]. His research was generally initially published in German, although in some cases an English translation was released at the same time. William Brock identified a number of people associated with providing English translations. Most of these were former students, such as John Buddle Blyth (1814-1871), John Gardner (1804-1880), William Gregory (1803-1858), Samuel William Johnson (1830-1909), Benjamin Horatio Paul (1827-1917), Lyon Playfair (1818-1898), Thomas Richardson (1816-1867), Warren De La Rue (1815-1889), as well as Edward Turner (1796-1837) and his brother Wilton George Turner (1810-1855). In this article, the emphasis is on Edward Turner, Wilton George Turner, and John Buddle Blyth, who were all born on sugar plantations in Jamaica [2].