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1
Malik, Salma, and Nasreen Akhtar. "EXPLAINING JAMMU AND KASHMIR CONFLICT UNDER INDIAN ILLEGAL OCCUPATION: PAST AND PRESENT." Margalla Papers 25, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54690/margallapapers.25.1.48.
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The Jammu and Kashmir conflict remains one of the oldest UN agenda items. However, despite the genuine plight and legitimate demand for the right to self-determination, Kashmiris in Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir continue to struggle for their lives and livelihood under Indian oppression and state-sponsored terrorism without respite. This paper, therefore, attempts to glean into the history of the conflict, which has a strong connection with the contemporary situation, while answering important questions: What circumstances compelled people to rush to Kashmir soon after the independence? How has India, over the decades, interpreted, misinterpreted, and manipulated world opinion in its favour? Why and how have the Muslim world and international community shown apathy towards the beleaguered Kashmiris? Lastly, can there be a way forward, especially after India’s illegal annexation of the UN declared disputed territory? It also highlights options available for a plausible solution to this humanitarian issue.
Bibliography Entry
Malik, Salma, and Nasreen Akhtar. 2021. "Explaining Jammu and Kashmir Conflict under Indian Illegal Occupation: Past and Present." Margalla Papers 25 (1): 23-35.
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Malik, Salma, and Nasreen Akhtar. "EXPLAINING JAMMU AND KASHMIR CONFLICT UNDER INDIAN ILLEGAL OCCUPATION: PAST AND PRESENT." Margalla Papers 25, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54690/margallapapers.25.1.48.
Full textAbstract:
The Jammu and Kashmir conflict remains one of the oldest UN agenda items. However, despite the genuine plight and legitimate demand for the right to self-determination, Kashmiris in Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir continue to struggle for their lives and livelihood under Indian oppression and state-sponsored terrorism without respite. This paper, therefore, attempts to glean into the history of the conflict, which has a strong connection with the contemporary situation, while answering important questions: What circumstances compelled people to rush to Kashmir soon after the independence? How has India, over the decades, interpreted, misinterpreted, and manipulated world opinion in its favour? Why and how have the Muslim world and international community shown apathy towards the beleaguered Kashmiris? Lastly, can there be a way forward, especially after India’s illegal annexation of the UN declared disputed territory? It also highlights options available for a plausible solution to this humanitarian issue.
Bibliography Entry
Malik, Salma, and Nasreen Akhtar. 2021. "Explaining Jammu and Kashmir Conflict under Indian Illegal Occupation: Past and Present." Margalla Papers 25 (1): 23-35.
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Malik, Salma, and Nasreen Akhtar. "EXPLAINING JAMMU AND KASHMIR CONFLICT UNDER INDIAN ILLEGAL OCCUPATION: PAST AND PRESENT." Margalla Papers 25, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54690/margallapapers.25.1.48.
Full textAbstract:
The Jammu and Kashmir conflict remains one of the oldest UN agenda items. However, despite the genuine plight and legitimate demand for the right to self-determination, Kashmiris in Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir continue to struggle for their lives and livelihood under Indian oppression and state-sponsored terrorism without respite. This paper, therefore, attempts to glean into the history of the conflict, which has a strong connection with the contemporary situation, while answering important questions: What circumstances compelled people to rush to Kashmir soon after the independence? How has India, over the decades, interpreted, misinterpreted, and manipulated world opinion in its favour? Why and how have the Muslim world and international community shown apathy towards the beleaguered Kashmiris? Lastly, can there be a way forward, especially after India’s illegal annexation of the UN declared disputed territory? It also highlights options available for a plausible solution to this humanitarian issue.
Bibliography Entry
Malik, Salma, and Nasreen Akhtar. 2021. "Explaining Jammu and Kashmir Conflict under Indian Illegal Occupation: Past and Present." Margalla Papers 25 (1): 23-35.
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Singh, Bikarma, Sumit Singh, and Bishander Singh. "New distribution records of the leopard plants Ligularia amplexicaulis DC. and Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass. (Asteraceae) in the Indian Himalaya." Journal of Threatened Taxa 10, no. 13 (November 26, 2018): 12854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4005.10.13.12854-12858.
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Two leopard plant taxa, Ligularia amplexicaulis DC. and L. sibirica (L.) Cass., are reported for the first time from Bandipora District of Jammu & Kashmir in India and are taxonomically enumerated. Ligularia amplexicaulis is a new record for the district Bandipora of the Kashmir Himalaya, which was previously reported in the elevation range of 2700–4800 m from the states of Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal, and Sikkim in India. The specimens from Bandipora extends the geographic distribution of L. amplexicaulis in Jammu & Kashmir State, from Paddar Valley of district Kishtwar to the extreme northern range of the western Himalaya. Ligularia sibirica is reported for the first time from the Kashmir Himalaya of India and its known distribution extended to southeastern Asia. The specimens from Lidder Valley represents the first report of L. sibirica from the Kashmir Himalaya and extends its distribution range from Europe, Russia, and China to northern India. The present paper deals with the taxonomic description, phenology, ecological notes, associated vegetation components, and a note on the history of species discovery of these two leopard plant taxa. This finding also presents an updated distribution map of these two Indian species in the western Himalaya.
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Independentwriter, Victoria Schofield. "Plebiscite Conundrum in Jammu and Kashmir." Strategic Studies 42, no. 1 (August 4, 2022): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.042.01.00138.
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Since 1947 the expectation that the fate of the disputed former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir would be decided by a plebiscite has been part of the narrative of the state’s history. Seventy-five years later, the plebiscite has never been held, the state remaining de facto divided between India and Pakistan, both accusing each other of illegally occupying the territory the other controls, while a significant proportion of the inhabitants of the state maintain that they have never been allowed their ‘right of self-determination.’[1] This paper examines the reasoning behind holding a plebiscite, the challenges of holding a unitary plebiscite in a state where the inhabitants of the major regions of the state have differing allegiances and aspirations and the reasons why the plebiscite was not held. It also explains why successive governments of Pakistan have clung to the notion of holding a plebiscite, whereas successive Indian governments have long since decided that a plebiscite is no longer necessary. Finally this paper will examine whether, in a changed demographic environment, with the state de facto divided for over half the time it was ever a united administrative unit, the holding of a plebiscite would resolve the issue or whether it would create more disaffection among disappointed minorities.
[1] Pakistani maps and rhetoric describe the area of the state occupied by India as ‘illegally occupied disputed territory’; Indian maps describe the area of the state occupied by Pakistan as ‘Pakistan Occupied Kashmir’ (POK).
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Shaikh, Aijaz Ahmed, and Safdar Ali. "An Analysis of Historical and Political Evolution of Kashmir State." PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2, no. 2 (December 12, 2021): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.68.
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The innocent people of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) continuously struggled for the protection of their lives. In most of the areas which are under the administrative control of Indian Military, the survival of Kashmiris is becoming more challenging due to the imposed social, political and economic sanctions posed by the Indian government. The first part of this paper examines the historical legacy of Kashmir and the middle of the paper attempts to highlight how the people are demanding their rights as well as freedom from the Indian troops. Even thou, the international media has highlighted and unveiled the true picture of Indian brutality and the open murder of Kashmiri public. But, unfortunately the world community is still salient and watching the cruel actions taken by the Indian forces in the valley. Overall, this paper attempts to highlight the analytical approach about the history, status, equity and struggle of freedom of the Kashmiris.
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Komissaruk, Ekaterina L. "The Struggle for Native Language in Ladakh: A History of a Journal." Observatory of Culture, no. 2 (April 28, 2015): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2015-0-2-137-141.
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Considers the problem of the native language of the people of Ladakh, a region of India in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The situation is analysed in relation to the history of the “Ladags Melong” journal (1992-2005) published in English and Ladakhi and the regional educational system.
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Khan, Bilal Ahmad. "Demography of Jammu and Kashmir in Historical Perspective." Asian Review of Social Sciences 7, no. 3 (November 5, 2018): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2018.7.3.1453.
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At the time of the birth of India and Pakistan, the state of J&K with a population of four million people, most of it concentrated in the fertile valley of the Jhelum River of the Indus River system, was one of the least developed regions in the Indian sub-continent. The economy of the state was overwhelmingly rural and agricultural in character. Nearly 90 percent of people lived in villages and derived their livelihood from agricultural and related pursuits using traditional and low productivity techniques. The extreme backwardness of the state was reflected by the abysmal mass poverty, low literacy, high birth and death rate, low life expectancy, low population density etc. The size of population and its growth have a direct bearing on the economic development, social well being and political stability of a region. The history of population growth in the Jammu and Kashmir State is a record of constant impulses of immigration from the north-west, west-south and east directions. The main objective of the paper is to look the nature and trends of population change since the birth of Jammu and Kashmir and also examine thedemographic trends in view of historical perspectives of Jammu & Kashmir State. The State has great diversity in its terrain, climatic conditions and resource base which resulted uneven distribution of population.
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M. K., Vinod, Amanjoth Kaur, Kamal Devgan, and Jagdeepak Singh. "Rare case of rhinosporidiosis: a case report from Jammu." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 3, no. 1 (December 28, 2016): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20164820.
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<p class="abstract"><span>Rhinosporidiosis is an uncommon chronic granulomatous infection that affects the nasal mucosa, ocular conjunctiva and other mucosa. The disease is most common in southern India and Sri Lanka. It is rare in northern states of India. </span>The present report of rhinopsoridiosis constitutes the very few reported cases of rhinosporidiosis in a resident of Jammu and Kashmir state of India, who has no history of travel to any of the areas endemic for the disease in India or elsewhere<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>
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Ramzan, Younus, Syed Tariq Ahmed Bukhari, Mohd Ashraf, Umeair Farooq Kazime, and Asma Wani. "Van der Knaap disease: a case report." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 9 (August 25, 2020): 1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20203661.
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Van der Knaap disease or megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) is a rare autosomal recessive degenerative disorder characterized by megalocephaly, cerebral leukoencephalopathy, and motor deterioration. Most cases reported with this disease are from our country India, belong to Agarwal community, who have high rates of consanguinity. We report a 4 and 1/2year old boy, with a history of delayed motor milestones, ataxia, increasing head circumference and abnormal body movements, who is belonging to the Bhat family of Handwara town of Kupwara district of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Gupta, Rajiv Kumar, Rashmi Kumari, Bhavna Langer, Parveen Singh, Najma Akhtar, and Riya Gupta. "Prevalence, patterns and determinants of smoking among migrant workers in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 2682. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20183251.
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Background: Rapid urbanization and industrialization is leading a massive exodus of migrant workers from rural to urban areas and from one state to another in search of green pastures. The migrant workers living in unsafe environments, working in hazardous conditions and in absence of family/friends makes them vulnerable to indulge in substance abuse. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and patterns of smoking in the migrant workers in Jammu region of J and K, India.Methods: All the migrant workers visiting the OPD of Medicine/ Surgery in Government Medical College, Jammu due to any reason were registered. Only those who gave positive history of smoking were interviewed through a questionnaire survey. Data on demographics and details regarding tobacco use were collected.Results: The prevalence of tobacco use was found to be 43.13%. Pattern of tobacco use was found to be significant in relation to the sex of the respondents (p<0.05). Among other variables associated with smoking, monthly income and literacy levels of the migrant workers were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: The prevalence and patterns observed in the present study needs to further elucidate the role of various risk factors among the migrant workers. These risk factors can be targeted for health promotion as well as intervention for the amelioration of the current smokers.
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Iqbal, Aamir. "Problems and Challenges faced by Panchayati Raj Institutions in the Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir." Shanlax International Journal of Management 8, S1-Feb (February 26, 2021): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/management.v8is1-feb.3761.
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The creation of the institution of Panchayati Raj was a landmark in Indian history for democracy to percolate deep down to the grass-root level. It is seen as a mechanism through which the unheard’s voice could find a place in the planning and implementation process. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, passed by the union government of India becomes the Panchayati Raj law, on April 24, 1993. This amendment act gave the constitutional status to the Panchayats. The power of the local bodies to govern and manage local issues is the highest level of democracy observed in India. Its outcome is the people’s involvement in running their affairs, which results in direct and participatory democracy at a local level, whereas at the national level, it is a parliamentary democracy. The concept of Panchayati Raj in Jammu and Kashmir is the original one; it was the Maharaja Hari Singh, the ruler of the erstwhile state, who introduced the concept of Panchayati Raj in the state in 1935 when he enacted the first Village Panchayati Regulation Act No 1. To see the development concerning the Panchayati Raj in other states of the nation, the government later came with new and comprehensive legislation, which is called the Jammu and Kashmir Panchayati Raj Act 19891. Even though Panchayati raj institutions provide opportunities to the local people to participate in the political and development process at the grass-root level, but these institutions still do not work suitably in the Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir.The present paper deals with the problems and challenges faced by the representatives of these institutions and emphasize the effect of militancy in the proper functioning of these institutions in the union territory of J&K.
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Kusumgar, Sheela, D. P. Agrawal, R. D. Deshpande, Rengaswamy Ramesh, Chhemendra Sharma, and M. G. Yadava. "A Comparative Study of Monsoonal and Non-Monsoonal Himalayan Lakes, India." Radiocarbon 37, no. 2 (1995): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200030630.
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Sedimentological, mineral magnetic and carbon isotopic studies on cores from Mansar Lake in the Jammu area provide paleomonsoonal history dating back to 580 bc. From ca. 580 bc to ad 300, the region experienced precipitation similar to the present, whereas from ad 300 to 1400, the monsoon was relatively subdued. A small excursion ca. ad 1100 suggests an effect of medieval warming. Studies in the Kumaon region did not provide a proper precipitation record, as anthropogenic activity interfered with sedimentation. Manasbal Lake in Kashmir gave an inversion of 14C chronology due to younger paleosols in the drainage basin. Further, the episodic nature of sedimentation in Manasbal Lake hampered the reconstruction of precipitation history in the area.
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Sikand, Yoginder. "The Emergence and Development of the Jama‘at-i-Islami of Jammu and Kashmir (1940s–1990)." Modern Asian Studies 36, no. 3 (July 2002): 705–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x02003062.
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IntroductionThe Jama‘at-i-Islami is, by far, one of the most influential Islamic movements in the world today, particularly strong in the countries of South Asia. Its influence extends far beyond the confines of the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent, and the writings of its chief ideologues have exercised a powerful impact on contemporary Muslim thinking all over the world. Much has been written about the movement, both by its leaders and followers as well as by its critics. Most of these writings have focused either on the Jama‘at's ideology or on its historical development in India and Pakistan. Hardly any literature is available on the evolution and history of the Jama‘at in the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir. This is unfortunate, because here the Jama'at has had a long history of its own, which has followed a path quite distinct from the branches of the movement in both India and Pakistan. Furthermore, the Jama‘at has played a crucial role in the politics of Kashmir right since its inception in the late 1940s, a role that has gained particular salience in the course of the armed struggle in the region that began in the late 1980s and still shows no sign of abating.
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Çelik, Hatice. "Kashmir after August 5th Decision and its Implications for South Asia." RUDN Journal of World History 12, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2020-12-2-99-111.
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After World War II, Great Britain's loss of power in the international system had a great impact on the start of the decolonization process (the beginning of the independence movements in colonial geographies and the acquisition of peoples' independence) and expansion of it. India, one of the most important colonies of the British Empire which is known as the empire on which the sun never sets, was also the most important representative and perhaps even the trigger of this process. The Republic of India (hereafter referred to as India) which gained independence from Britain in 1947, also witnessed the birth of another state from its territory. The newly established state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (hereinafter referred to as Pakistan) has maintained a high-tension relationship with India since the foundation. The main cause of this tension has been the dispute over the Jammu and Kashmir region. The controversial region has again become a conflictual geography with the decision of the Indian Parliament on the 5th of August 2019. By this, the autonomous status of the J&K was abolished and Pakistan and India came to the edge of confrontation. The measures and precautions of the Indian government regarding the region has increased the tension not only in J&K but also in India and in Pakistan. This study tries to analyze the Kashmir dispute in line with the recent developments and how the issue effects the regional political dynamics. In the first part of the paper; there will be a short history of the dispute, the claims of the parties, and the place of this dispute in the international system. In the second part, the current situation will be tried to investigate from the foreign policy and regional policies aspect. The general conclusion of the author is that the recent decision on autonomy of Kashmir will have cumulative negative impacts on the stability of the region in coming years.
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Kaur, Gurmeet, Kiran Bala, and Shalli . "Study of an epidemiological profile of confirmed COVID-19 positive persons in district Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 4280. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213264.
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Background: India recorded its first COVID-19 case on 30 January 2020. Though the early, extended nationwide lockdown of the country was implemented effectively, this alone was not sufficient to defeat the COVID-19 disease. Realizing the importance of the need to generate local epidemiological data through robust studies, this study was undertaken in a district Kathua of Jammu and Kashmir. The aim was to study the epidemiological profile of patients tested positive in district Kathua.Methods: Retrospective observational study was done to find the spatial distribution of corona virus infection in the five blocks in district Kathua of Jammu and Kashmir. Data from the integrated disease surveillance project (IDSP) unit of district Kathua was screened and the epidemiological information from all the positive reports which included the total number of COVID-19 positive cases, address, travel history, contact history were extracted for the period of five months April 2020 to August 2020.Results: 929 patients were found positive for COVID-19. Male outnumbered the females. More than 58.8% of males were of age group 21-40 years and the least number of positive male cases were seen in the age group >80 years. In our study 627 (67%) had a history of travel, 202 (21%) had a history of contact with a positive patient, 100 (10%) were positive with no history of travel or contact.Conclusions: Kathua block of the district was maximally affected having the 58.7% largest number of COVID-19 positive cases with cure rate of 92.46% and case fatality rate of 0.5% was observed.
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SINGH, KAMAL JEET, RAJINDER SINGH, CHRISTOPHER J. CLEAL, ANJU SAXENA, and SHAILA CHANDRA. "Carboniferous floras in siliciclastic rocks of Kashmir Himalaya, India and the evolutionary history of the Tethyan Basin." Geological Magazine 150, no. 4 (January 3, 2013): 577–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756812000921.
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AbstractThe Fenestella Shale Formation of Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya comprises latest Viséan or Serpukhovian siliciclastic deposits formed along the southern margins of the Palaeotethys Ocean. A sequence of shallowing upward and deepening upward units indicates changes from shoreface to offshore and deeper shelf conditions, probably controlled by eustatic changes in an otherwise passive depositional system. Some of the finer-grained, shallow marine deposits have yielded fossil floras dominated by sub-arborescent lycopsids (Sublepidodendron,Lepidodendropsis) sphenophytes (Archaeocalamites) and pteridophylls (Nothorhacopteris,Triphyllopteris). The assemblage compares with other Gondwanan floras of this age that have been assigned to the Paraca floral realm, and are taken to indicate relatively warm climatic conditions that existed just prior to the onset of the Carboniferous–Permian ice-age.
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Khan, Haseena Nighat, and Keyoor Pathak. "Health Status of Women in Border Areas of Jammu and Kashmir with Special Reference to Maternal and Reproductive Health: An Analysis." Journal Healthcare Treatment Development, no. 25 (September 13, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jhtd25.6.16.
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World Health Organization defined “Health refers to be complete social wellbeing of an individual”. If we see in every society, women’s maternal and reproductive health is always a matter of concern. The factors that are more important for women’s health are nutritional status, education, age, social status, and geographical location. History revealed that there is a political disturbance in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir since the partition between the two nations India and Pakistan in 1947, which impacts the lives of people residing there. In the case of women (who) are sensitive at one end and their health is affected by these circumstances. To acquaint the civil right of all individuals is said to as gender equality. Particularly, in remote border areas of Jammu and Kashmir women’s concerning a lot of suffering and challenges regarding health. Overall, they are disadvantaged in all spheres and become prone to any change. However, they are not getting proper health care in specific. Almost they are under restrictions and not allowed to make social interactions. There is no sign of mobility has been observed concerning their socioeconomic conditions. Although there is a dearth of proper health infrastructure and there is no evidence of primary health care centers. Nevertheless, structural, and contextual circumstances signify a major role to decide the health of women such as early marriages, malnutrition, anaemia, reproductive, and oral health issues, and psychological problems, which this all-lead fuel to women’s woe. Admittedly, it is to be said that due to all these challenges women are at risk of morbidity and mortality. It is reported that in the border regions there is a high rate of maternal mortality. To maintain the authenticity of my objective, I explore literature related to maternal and reproductive health and the impact of turmoil on the socio-economic life of women. This work is based on secondary sources and primarily addresses the issues of women’s health in the border areas in Jammu and Kashmir. Secondary information has also been collected from various sources such as Books, Reports, Journals, Articles, Census, and Online sources. Articles reviewed for this paper revealed the deteriorating condition of border areas of Jammu and Kashmir and how women are living under deprivation. The paper put forth recommendations to ensure that there should be civil rights for every female and inclusion in every institution which make them empowered and provide a better direction for improving the health of women.
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Wani, Gh Rasool, Nazir Ahmed, Mohd Irshad, Mohd Ashraf, and Bashir Ahmed Teli. "Clinicobacteriological profile, antibiotic sensitivity patterns and mortality of neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20191994.
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Background: Neonatal sepsis refers to generalized bacterial blood stream infection in first 28 days of life documented by positive blood cultures. It is one of leading causes of neonatal mortality. Objectives was to study clinicobacteriological, antibiotic sensitivity patterns and mortality of neonatal sepsis.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics of Government Medical College Srinagar in collaboration with Department of Microbiology of same medical college after ethical clearance from ethical committee of Government Medical College Srinagar. One hundred (100) neonates out of 731 neonates admitted between octomber2007 and September 2008 with signs and symptoms of neonatal sepsis were included in our study by random sampling method. After history, examination and laboratory investigation blood culture results were analyzed by standard statistical methods.Results: The blood culture was positive in 40% of neonates. Fifty one (51) neonates were males while as 49 were females. Sixty three (63) neonates had late onset of sepsis while as 37 had early onset sepsis. The positive blood culture was more common in males, late onset sepsis, babies born in rural areas, home born, vaginal births, preterm and other low birth weight neonates .The gram negative isolates were most common followed by positive ones .The best sensitivity of gram negative isolates was to ciprofloxacin followed by amikacin and cephalosporins while as gram positive isolates were sensitive to imipenum followed by vancomycin. Pseudomonas was most responsive to pipercillin +tazobactum combination. The neonatal mortality was 35% being higher in early onset sepsis and low birth weights.Conclusions: This study depicts a high rate of neonatal sepsis, mainly caused by gram negative organisms followed by gram positive organisms with rising drug resistance that could bear far reaching implications to the times to come, mandating the implementation of sepsis preventive measures and administration of specific antibiotics.
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Chauhan, P. K. S., Gayatri Devi, and Abha Mittal. "Site Response Study of Jammu City using Micro-tremor Measurements." International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering 5, no. 2 (July 2014): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgee.2014070102.
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Micro-tremor measurements are one of the most commonly used methods for site response studies and have been widely used by most of the researchers because of its cost effectiveness. This method gives a realistic estimate of the natural ground frequency and can be applied in the areas where large earthquakes do not occur often. Due to the close relation between the nature of micro-tremors and the fundamental dynamic behavior of the surface soil layer, they are frequently used in the field of hazard estimation. The results of micro-tremor analysis are used as an important input for seismic microzonation studies around the world. Himalayan region is one of the most active seismic zones of the world. As such Jammu city lies in Zone IV on Seismic zoning map of India. It has been rocked by 25 earthquakes in between 1828 to 2005 of magnitude 6.0 or more. Jammu, the winter capital of Jammu & Kashmir state is a fast growing city. The micro-tremor data has been collected from locations covering almost every part of Jammu city using Altus K2 SMA. The data were collected by keeping SMA at each site for few hours. On the basis of natural frequency (Nf) the entire study area has been divided into four zones. The natural frequency Nf value shows that the central part of the city is less vulnerable zone, as compared to other parts of the Jammu city. An attempt has been made to compute the vulnerability index (Kg), which could be considered as the indicator of higher damaged areas. The results are in good agreement with the past damaging history of the city.
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Dar, Jahangir Ahmad, Mustahson F. Fazili, Bilal A. Bhat, Ishfaq Nazir Wani, and Riyaz Ahmad. "Seasonal diet composition of Himalayan goral (Naemorhedus goral) in Kajinag National Park, Jammu and Kashmir, India." Mammalia 85, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 428–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2020-0151.
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Abstract In temperate environments, forage availability and quality are known to influence life history traits of wild ungulates. However, variations in foraging strategies of these mountain dwellers with changing plant availability have received little attention. The seasonal vegetation availability in temperate climatic conditions of Kajinag National Park (KNP) was assessed by plot method at different altitudes (1900–3600 m a.s.l.) from 2018 to 2020 on seasonal basis. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of availability of vegetation on seasonal diet composition of Himalayan goral (Naemorhedus goral) inhabiting the National Park. We recorded 61 plant species whose availability differed significantly across seasons (F 3,240 = 20.14, p < 0.05). We found seasonal variation in the diet composition of Himalayan goral depicting a strong relationship between plant consumption and dynamic availability in the study area. Himalayan goral consumed herbs in spring (dominated by Dioscorea deltoidea relative importance value (RIV) = 27.20, Poa pratensis RIV = 14.99 and Themeda spp. RIV = 12.87), grasses in summer (dominated by Themeda spp. RIV = 34.12, P. pratensis RIV = 30.14, Bothriochloa ischaemum RIV = 22.72) and autumn (dominated by Themeda spp. RIV = 34.64, P. pratensis RIV = 30.14, Stipa spp. RIV = 29.73) and shrubs in winter (dominated by Indigofera heterantha RIV = 47.05, Prunus tomentosa RIV = 17.51 and Lonicera spp. RIV = 16.98). The annual diet of Himalayan goral was dominated by graze species (72.66%). The proportion of graze items in the diet showed a sharp decline from spring (90.67%) to winter (19.23%) whereas that of browse showed a huge increment from spring (4.67%) to winter (74.43%). This shift shows a survival or foraging strategy of a temperate ungulate in harsh winters with limited forage availability.
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Rai, Mridu. "To ‘tear the mask off the face of the past’." Indian Economic & Social History Review 46, no. 3 (July 2009): 401–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001946460904600306.
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This article examines the historical and political course followed by a colonial discipline, namely the British-initiated archaeological project, as it was extended to the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir in the early twentieth century. It examines how and in what circumstances colonial archaeology was adopted both by the Dogra-Hindu rulers and their preponderantly Muslim subjects in this indirectly governed part of the British Indian Empire. This article argues that the adoption of this project emanated not so much from interest in the discipline of archaeology qua discipline, but in its ancillary political effects. It demonstrates that whereas the Hindu princely rulers modified colonial archaeology in ways that could enable them to use it buttress their sovereignty, their Kashmiri Muslim subjects appropriated it to strip the legitimacy off that very sovereignty. In the process, this article also highlights the capacity of various indigenous actors to recast aspects of colonial projects to serve their own several purposes.
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Singh, A. V., S. V. Singh, D. K. Verma, R. Yadav, P. K. Singh, and J. S. Sohal. "Evaluation of “Indigenous Absorbed ELISA Kit” for the Estimation of Seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Antibodies in Human Beings in North India." ISRN Veterinary Science 2011 (May 23, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/636038.
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In present pilot study aimed to estimate, presence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) antibodies in the human serum samples originating from North India using “Indigenous absorbed ELISA kit” (ELISA kit). The phase I, “ELISA kit” was optimized using protoplasmic antigen from native isolate of MAP “Indian Bison type” recovered from the biopsies of Crohn's disease patients. The phase II, sensitivity and specificity of the kit were estimated as 40.0 and 83.3%, respectively, when evaluated in 40 human serum samples (5 Crohn's disease and 22 ulcerative colitis patients and 13 healthy human subjects) with defined MAP status with respect to stool culture. Seroprevalence of MAP antibodies was higher in CD patients (80.0%) as compared to ulcerative colitis patients (4.5%) and normal human subjects (15.3%). The phase III, seroprevalence of MAP antibodies was estimated as 23.4%, on the basis of the screening of 452 human serum samples (without history) from different geographical regions of North India. Region-wise, 34.0, 33.3, 32.8, 25.0, 23.0, 17.7, and 12.5% samples were positive from the states of Punjab, Uttarakhand, New Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir, respectively. Study reported moderately higher presence of MAP antibodies in human population, which necessitates programs to reduce the bioburden of MAP in the environment and in animal population.
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Vasudha Bhagat and Mehtab Singh Bhagat. "Oral Hygiene (OHI-S) and DMFT Status among Type 1 Diabetic Adolescents Aged 12-19 Years: A Case-Control Study." International Healthcare Research Journal 2, no. 10 (August 17, 2019): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj.v2i10.194.
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INTRODUCTION: Diabetes in any form (type 1 or type 2) has the potential to affect the oral health of an individual.
AIM: To assess the oral hygiene status (simplified) and DMFT among adolescents aged 12-19 years with type 1 diabetes (cases) in Jammu District, Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), India
MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total of 50 patients aged 12-19 years with type 1 diabetes mellitus, screened via medical history from August 2017 to August 2018 were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 51 healthy adolescents matched for age and gender selected randomly. The DMFT index was used to record the Decayed, Missing, Filled teeth, while the OHI-S Index was used to assess the Oral Hygiene Status. The examinations were done under artificial light and data was analyzed using SPSS version 19.0. The t-test, Odd’s Ratio (OR) and multiple regression were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: Of a total of 101 participants(50 cases and 51 controls) enrolled in the study, cases reported higher values of OHI-S and DMFT as compared to controls. The cases had an OHI-S score of 3.12±3.2 indicating poor oral hygiene, the controls’ score of 2.54±1.1 revealed fair oral hygiene and no significant statistical differences were found (OR=2.1). A significant difference (p=0.03) was seen upon comparison of DMFT among cases (4.67±6.6) and controls (3.82±2.9). The cases were 1.7 (OR) times more likely to have higher DMF values as compared to controls
CONCLUSION: Efforts must be reinforced among adolescents emphasizing the importance of oral health, through more frequent dental education camps in Jammu district, J&K, India
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Kumar, Ajay. "Access to Internet and Internet Shutdown: A Rights Perspective." Journal of Advanced Research in Journalism & Mass Communication 08, no. 1&2 (July 6, 2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2395.3810.202101.
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Access to the internet is fast becoming a basic right given the plethora of information available on the net these days. In the current scenario, the issue of internet shutdown has become an important concern in India. Internet shutdown affects people socially, psychologically and economically. On one hand, many democratic countries of the world are discussing about digital freedom and human rights, while on the other hand, some countries including India are continuously practicing Internet shutdowns in different parts of their countries. India has become the top country of the world in terms of the numbers of Internet shutdowns. The Internet has become such a prominent source of information for all of us that when Internet connectivity is suspended, many people are affected as they depend on the Internet services for various purposes. Internet shutdown is not only harmful to democracy and governance but also to the economy of the country. Internet shutdowns are direct violations of digital freedom and human rights. The main objective of this paper is to argue that access to internet is a basic right and highlight the problem of Internet shutdown in India and its adverse impact on the lives of Indians. In addition, this paper attempts to highlight a brief history of Internet shutdowns in India. The paper shows how frequent clampdowns on internet affects the economy, as has been the case of Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir thereby highlighting the case for internet freedom for the survival of the economy especially in Digital India.
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Kawoosa, Khalid, Rahid Rasool Malla, Sheeraz Ahmad Dar, and Syed Heena Kubravi. "Clinical profile of pediatric patients with urinary tract infection in a tertiary care centre in Kashmir, India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20192002.
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Background: The urinary tract is a common site of infection in pediatric patients. Author studied the clinical and microbiological profile along with the antibiotic resistance in children with UTI attending centre.Methods: It was a prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India over a period of one year from August 2017 to August 2018.A total of 250 children aged 1-36 months were included in the study. A proper history and examination were done in each case. A clean catch mid-stream urine sample was obtained from each child. Quantitative microscopy and urine culture were performed. Standard biochemical tests were done to identify the isolates and for determination of antibiotic sensitivity.Results: Out of the 250 children studied , a total of 216 children were diagnosed as UTI by positive urine culture.102 were males and 114 were females. Significant pyuria was detected in 85%patients. Fever with irritability was the most common presenting symptom (71%) followed by vomiting (63%) and abdominal pain (52%).The most common uropathogen detected was E. coli (57%) followed by Klebsiella spp. (20%), proteus (16%), pseudomonas (5%), and candida (2%). Majority of the patients responded to treatment with ceftriaxone followed by cefixime. Antibiotic resistance in vitro was least seen with amikacin (25%) followed by nitrofurantoin (11%). 91.3% of UTI detected was nosocomial. Vesicoureteral reflux was found in 49% of patients while 13% were diagnosed with posterior urethral valve.Conclusions: Urinary tract infection should be considered as one of the most important differential diagnosis in patients with fever attending pediatric OPD. Urine microscopy and culture should be a part of routine diagnostic evaluation in all febrile children. Early treatment of UTI is important to prevent later sequelae including pyelonephritis and renal scarring.
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Naqvi, Raheel Hussan, Aaina Gupta, Bhanu Khokher, Surbhi Dhar, and Shaarang Gupta. "Prospect of food bolus obstruction in a tertiary care hospital." International Surgery Journal 9, no. 9 (August 26, 2022): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20222234.
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Background: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common general surgical emergency usually caused by adhesions, bands or hernias. Food bolus impaction or bezoars remain an uncommon cause, albeit well reported in literature. The objective was to outline the frequency, demographic features, etiopathogenesis and management patterns of acute SBO due to ingested food bolus.Methods: An observational retrospective study was conducted whereby patients admitted to the surgical emergency of the associated hospital of Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India as cases of acute SBO, who underwent laparotomy, over a period extending from August 2020 to June 2022 were selected and their records reviewed for history of ingestion/intra-operative finding of food bolus obstruction. Demographic, etiological and management patterns were noted. Descriptive analysis was done using Jamovi (version 1.6) (computer software).Results: A total of 100 patients of food bolus obstruction were admitted and operated upon during the study period with a median age of 14 years, with 40% patients belonging to 11 to 20 years age group, with a male to female ratio of 3:1. Majority belonged to rural areas (86%). 97% cases were due to ingestion of date plum or persimmons (vernacular: “amlook”). Ileum was the most common site of impaction (63%). 90% cases were managed by fragmentation of bolus and milking of gut, whereas enterotomy and resection-anastomosis were performed in 5 patients each.Conclusions: Food bolus obstruction especially due to phytobezoars of Diospyros lotus (date plum or “Amlook”) is often encountered in our setup, especially in rural populations, predominantly affecting male children and adolescents.
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Fiaz Bukhari, Syeda Maria, Ghazanfar Ali, Syed Rizwan Abbas, Zeeshan Anjum, Nasim Ahmed, Ammara Munir, Abdul Wali, et al. "Ethnobotanical and Biochemical Study of Berberis lycium Royle Collected from Different Areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (September 25, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9916305.
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Berberis lycium Royle has a long history of medicinal uses to treat different diseases. It naturally grows on the mountains of Indian subcontinent. Its ethnobotanical and biochemical study from the state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K) was not previously explored. So, the objective of the current study was to explore the ethnobotanical and biochemical properties of the B. lycium Royle population of AJ&K. For this purpose, samples of B. lycium Royle were randomly collected from five districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, including thirty-five locations. Demographic features of informants such as plant part used, methods of preparation, modes of administration, conservation status, and ethnomedicinal uses were documented. It was used for treating different diseases such as diabetes, arthritis, joint pain, and stomach ulcer. This plant is very famous for providing medicinal roots, leaves, and fruits which are extensively used in many parts of the world. The biochemical analysis was conducted for total phenolic contents (TPC), chlorophyll contents, and antioxidant activity. The highest level of TPC found was 88.66 ± 1.07 µg/g of gallic acid equivalent phenolic (GAE) from leaves collected from Patikka (Chanjhal), Muzaffarabad District, AJ&K. The highest total chlorophyll contents (3.75 ± 0.53 µg/ml) were found in samples collected from Sathrian, Neelum District. The highest antioxidant activity with lowest IC50 value (33.26 µg/ml) was obtained from the root of sample collected from Bakreyali, Muzaffarabad District, as compared with other districts. The concentration of berberine was found to be 4.76 percent in the root bark of B. lycium Royle, estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In syrup composition, 0.95 mg/5 ml of berberine was used. Hence, it is concluded that amongst the five districts, the plant parts (stem, fruits, and root) collected from Muzaffarabad District, AJ&K, showed the highest medicinal potential due to its unique climatic conditions.
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Wani, Jawad Nazir, Vivek Pandita, Saleem Yousuf, and Farhat Giri. "Clinical profile of organophosphorous poisoning in children admitted to tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 8 (July 22, 2020): 1777. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20203175.
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Background: Organosphophorous compounds are the commonly available insecticides in households. Therefore, children are vulnerable to accidental poisoning. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to study the clinical profile of organophosphorous poisoning in children.Methods: This was prospective study conducted over a period of two years from January 2018 to January 2020 in department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. All the patients in the age group of 1-18 years with history and examination suggestive of organophosphorous poisoning were included in this study.Results: In this study there were total of 54 patients. In majority of cases poisoning was accidental. Oral consumption was most common route of poisoning. The most common symptoms were excessive salivation (100%), vomiting (72%), abdominal pain (26%), diarrohea (13%), agitation (11%) and convulsions (3.7%). The most common signs were miosis (78%), bradycardia (59%), fasciculation (57%) and altered sensorium (13%). Respiratory failure and circulatory collapse were two main complications which contributed to mortality in this study.Conclusions: Organophosphorous poisoning is one of the most common poisoning in children. Early diagnosis and treatment is of pivotal importance to prevent mortality.
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Kaul, Somika, and Shahida Mir. "A study on correlation of placenta praevia with previous caesarean section and other risk factors." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 6 (May 29, 2019): 2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20192477.
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Background: Obstetric haemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable maternal mortality worldwide. One of the major contributors to obstetric haemorrhage is antepartum haemorrhage which is mainly caused by placenta praevia and abruptio placenta. The study aims to quantify the risk of placenta praevia based on the presence and number of caesarean sections and to assess other risk factors.Methods: This study was a prospective case control study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Lalla Ded hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India from August 2009 to October 2010. As per the inclusion and exclusion criteria of study 100 cases and 200 controls were selected and the association of placenta praevia with proposed risk factors was analysed statistically.Results: Present study showed that the risk of developing placenta praevia in future pregnancy increased steadily as the number of previous caesarean sections increased, risk being 2.1, 2.8 and 4 times with previous one, two and three caesarean deliveries respectively. Similarly, the risk of developing placenta praevia was more in women with history of previous abortion (risk being 2.8 and 6.5 times more in women with one and two abortions in the past). Previous dilatation and curettage and age more than 30 years also proved to be independent risk factors.Conclusions: To conclude advanced maternal age, previous abortion, dilatation and curettage and a history of previous caesarean section appear to increase the occurrence of placenta praevia. The study strongly emphasises the need to decrease the primary caesarean section rate.
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Chandrashekhar, Mamta. "DIFFERENT COLORS AND POLITICALIDEOLOGY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 2, no. 3SE (December 31, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v2.i3se.2014.3545.
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This research work based on the colorfulPolitics which existing in the different societies in the world. Everybody has a different thoughts and vision to see the world so there are different political ideologiesto represent a political party, either officially or unofficially. Political Parties in different countries with similar ideologies tend to use similar colours.They have long been associated with specific colors. This is largely due to the fact that politics became popular long before literacy did in the history of human being cultural development because the people couldn’t read and even images could get complicated, political signs and signs in general, have to express something with different colors.India has always been exalted and remembered fondly as the country of different symbolic colors. To an outsider, its colorful culture, streets and stories seem like a page out of an ancient folk tale but there is a unity too in diversity. Different Colours, in essence, has been a large part of the Indian consciousness. Different parties come to rule with their owndifferent ideologieswith different colors. The symbolic colors of politics, there many colors, For example- Saffron- BJP ruled Centre and states,Tri color- Congress ruled states,Red - Left parties ruled states. Another color-NCP ruled state (Jammu &Kashmir) Every color has its own significance , own ideology, own thinking process, own style of functioning and own importance in political life. They may be like different flowers of different colors, but they all make a fabulous common garland-that is INDIA.
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JABLONSKI, DANIEL, MUAZZAM ALI KHAN, and RAFAQAT MASROOR. "The genus Microhyla (Anura: Microhylidae) in Pakistan: species status and origins." Zootaxa 4845, no. 2 (September 2, 2020): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4845.2.11.
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The territory of Pakistan has been influenced by biota from different geographic directions, and is divided zoogeographically into the Palearctic and Oriental regions (Khan 2006; Masroor 2012). This makes Pakistan one of the important territories in Eurasia in the understanding of past biodiversity dynamics. Well-known examples of Oriental elements among its amphibian fauna are observed in all four families of toads and frogs currently known from Pakistan: Bufonidae, Microhylidae, Megophryidae, and Dicroglossidae. In this short contribution, we focused on the species status and the origins of the genus Microhyla (Microhylidae), known from the north-eastern part (Punjab, Islamabad, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir; Masroor 2012) of the country. However, Sarkar (1984), also reported Microhyla from Bhuj in Gujarat, India, very close to the southern Pakistani province of Sindh. This genus has not yet been reported from the Palearctic region of the country and all currently known localities are from the Oriental parts of Pakistan (i.e. eastward of the Indus River). The genus is represented in the country by M. ornata (Duméril & Bibron, 1841), originally reported as Oxyglossus lima (Khan 1968). However, in view of the overall distribution and diversity of the genus based on genetic data (Garg et al. 2018, 2019; Gorin et al. 2020), it appears that populations from Pakistan could possibly have a different evolutionary history and be different taxon (see the currently scattered range of the genus between northern and western India and Pakistan; Fig. 1). Therefore, we tested this assumption using mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear (n) DNA data.
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Webb, Matthew J. "Political change and prospects for peace in Jammu and Kashmir: The 2002 state election and recent electoral trends in India1." South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 28, no. 1 (April 2005): 0087–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00856400500056202.
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KIRSCHNER, JAN, JAN ŠTĚPÁNEK, LEOŠ KLIMEŠ, MIROSLAV DVORSKÝ, JOSEF BRŮNA, MARTIN MACEK, and MARTIN KOPECKÝ. "The Taraxacum Flora of Ladakh, with notes on the adjacent regions of the West Himalaya." Phytotaxa 457, no. 1 (August 26, 2020): 1–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.457.1.1.
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Ladakh (Jammu & Kashmir State, NW. India) is a region in the Trans-Himalaya between the Great Himalayan Range in the south and the eastern Karakoram in the north, at the southwestern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Its flora, vegetation, ecology and climatic conditions were thoroughly studied by the late Leoš Klimeš. As regards the genus Taraxacum (Compositae-Crepidinae), Ladakh was an almost unexplored area. L. Klimeš accumulated an ample material (50 Ladakh species are exclusively based on his material), either as field samples or as cultivated specimens; together with further recent collections of other collectors, cultivated by JK & JŠ, and the historical herbarium material, it forms a basis for the present monograph. It presents a taxonomic treatment of all Taraxacum species documented from Ladakh, including notes on ecology and distribution, and notes on dandelions from adjacent regions, mainly Gilgit-Baltistan, Spiti, Lahaul and the cis-Himalayan Kashmir. Each species is characterized by a full description, photographs of involucre, capitulum and achenes, whenever available; species are arranged systematically in sections, the latter also with descriptions and identification keys including all the taxa from Ladakh and adjacent areas. Treatments of five sections include all or almost all of their members. Distribution maps and a complete list of specimens studied are given for all Ladakh dandelions. A comprehensive introduction in the vegetation of Ladakh, general features of the genus Taraxacum and the history of its exploration are also provided. As regards the Taraxacum diversity, the broader region covered by the present monograph includes representatives of one third of the world sectional diversity. One hundred and twenty one taxa, belonging to 19 sections, are given a full tratment in the monograph, including those from adjacent regions (the latter, 46 species, also with full descriptions and illustrations); the Ladakh proper harbours 76 taxa in 17 sections, one of which is described as new. Fifty one taxa are described as new for science, 42 from Ladakh, 9 from other regions. For all species, the mode of reproduction is given (mostly inferred from indirect indicators). Only seven species were found at least partly sexual (five of them outside the limits of the Ladakh proper); all the other taxa exhibit agamospermy. Ladakh and adjacent regions of Pakistan and India rank among the regions with the highest sectional and morphological Taraxacum diversities.
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Qazi, Mahvish, and Najmus Saqib. "Clinical profile and outcome of children presenting with poisoning or intoxication: a hospital-based study." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, no. 5 (August 24, 2018): 1844. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20183518.
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Background: Poisoning is a common preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Most of the poisoning in children less than 5 years of age is accidental. Not much of Indian data is available particularly from this part of the country. So, authors conducted a retrospective hospital record-based study to know clinical profile and outcome of children presenting with poisoning in our set up. The objective was to study clinical profile, outcome of childhood poisoning and intoxication in Jammu District (Jammu and Kashmir) IndiaMethods: This was a retrospective hospital record-based study done in patients who were admitted in pediatric wards and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of SMGS Hospital Jammu with history of ingestion of poison or intoxication or envenomation from January 2017 to December 2017. The data collected was analyzed with SPSS 12.0 software. Demographic and etiological factors were retrospectively recorded and analyzed.Results: There were 227 children enrolled in study with an incidence of 0.99%. Male: female ratio was 1.2:1. Most of the children were asymptomatic and majority of them arrived to the hospital in less than 2 h. The majority of our patients 115 (50.66%) were in the 13-18 years age group. Organophosphorus poisoning was the commonest poisoning seen in 51 (57.30%) patients followed by snake bite 29 (55.77%), insect bite 17 (32.69%), Phenol 14 (77.78%), kerosene 11 (12.36%) and rat poison 10 (11.23%). Alcohol problem occurred in 9 (24.32%) cases. The most frequent cause of suicide attempt were school problems, followed by conflict in the family. Route of poisoning was ingestion in 173 (76.21%) cases followed by bites 53 (23.35%) and inhalation in 1 (0.44%) case. Vomiting 105 (46.25%) was the predominant clinical feature. Aspiration pneumonia 17 (43.59%) followed by respiratory failure 7 (17.95%) were the most common complications. During treatment 67 (27.91%) received gastric lavage and 28 (12.33%) received antidotes. Overall survival was 210 (92.51%), among remaining cases 2 (0.88%) cases died in hospital and 15 (6.61%) cases left against medical adviceConclusions: Parental health education will decrease the occurrence of childhood poisoning. Along with the parents and teachers, media also should take active steps to educate the rural population about the preventive measures from bite, stings and handling of poisonous agents.
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Bhasin, Sanjay Kumar, Ankit Gupta, and Sunita Kumari. "Evaluation and management of cholelithiasis in children: a hospital based study." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 1 (December 13, 2016): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20164450.
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Background:Earlier cholelithiasis was extremely unusual in childhood. Presently there is sharp increase in detection of cholelithiasis in children, which forms basis to investigate the overall changing pattern of cholelithiasis. This prospective study in referral centre has been under taken to evaluate childhood cholelithiasis and its management.Methods: The present prospective study was conducted in the Postgraduate Department of Surgery, GMC Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India over a period of two years. 80 patients in age group of 3-14 years were included in the study group with ultrasound proved cholelithiasis. Data reviewed with respect to patient demographics profile, clinical history including risk factors, imaging studies, operative techniques, postoperative complications, postoperative recovery and primary outcome parameters assessed accordingly.Results:During the study period 80 children (52 males and 28 females) with cholelithiasis were evaluated and treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The mean age was 10.1 years (range 5 to 14 years). 75% patients (n = 60) belonged to rural background and rest to urban set up, 56 patients belonged to hindu religion and rest were muslims. In 47.5% patients no risk factor could be traced. Fifty two children (65%) had mixed gallstones. 78 patients underwent LC, two needed conversion and rest 02 children were subjected to mini cholecystectomy. The mean operative duration was 29.92 minutes (range 15-50 minutes). The average duration of hospital stay was 3.82 days (range 3-8 days). No major intra operative or post-operative complications could be detected except 01 case biliary peritonitis.Conclusions:Cholelithiasis in children was reported about three centuries back, remained relatively uncommon in the past but now it is evolving and ever increasing in frequency. In this part of country in almost 50% of patients risk factors could not be traced, obesity could not be held responsible for cholelithiasis. Male children with low socioeconomic status, rural area and belonging to Hindu religion were more affected by the disease. In view of high incidence of serious complications of gall stones in children and because of longer life expectancy we also recommend that expectant management of gallstones may not be safe and hence laparoscopic cholecystectomy must be done even in asymptomatic cholelithiasis.
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Hashmi, Syed, Roshi Sharma, and Yash Sharma. "Some interesting Myxomycetes of Jammu and Kashmir, India." Indian Journal of Forestry 43, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2021-3r6q1p.
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Four myxomycetes namely Arcyria major (G. Lister) Ing, Lycogala epidendrum (J.C. Buxb. ex L.) Fr., Stemonitis fusca Roth and Trichia decipiens (Pers.) T. Macbr. were collected and identified from the temperate and tropical forests of Jammu Province, Jammu and Kashmir, India. While L. epidendrum has been described earlier, the remaining three taxa are being reported and described for the first time from Jammu and Kashmir. Macro and microscopic details of the present collections have been provided.
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Singh, Arjun. "THE BUDDHIST ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF AMBARAN IN A HISTORICAL RETROSPECT." JOURNAL OF HISTORY, ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY 2, no. 1 (2022): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/jhaa.2022.v02i01.05.
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This paper seeks to understand the excavated archaeological sites of Ambaran. The commencement of archaeology in Jammu and Kashmir acquainted the world with its rich heritage and culture of the region. Jammu and Kashmir was a cradle of culture in ancient period because it is the land where Kalhana wrote the first historical book of India, R?jatara?gini. The exploration of Jammu and Kashmir was started by foreigners in the 19th century. They brought to light many monumental heritage sites that have since attracted the world towards Jammu and Kashmir. From the 20th century onwards, the Archaeological Survey of India became active in the region and explored and excavated many sites of different cultures. The excavation of Ambaran started in 1999.
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Sharma, Shakha, and Neeraj Sharma. "New nymphalid butterfly records from Jammu & Kashmir, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 12602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3874.10.11.12602-12606.
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The present communication deals with the new nymphalid butterfly records from the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The sightings are based on the butterfly surveys conducted in different ecosystems of Jammu region in a span of two years. The paper calls for more organized and intensive butterfly surveys to understand their status, distribution and population dynamics in and around Jammu.
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Khan, Muhammad, and Sidra Khan. "Demographic Changes in Kashmir: A Perspective of International Law." Global Legal Studies Review IV, no. I (December 30, 2019): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2019(iv-i).02.
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International disputes are always dealt with under the provisions of international law. Kashmir is an international issue, which needs to be resolved under the ambit of international law. The Fourth Geneva Convention-1949 provides a strong basis for addressing the legal basis of the Jammu and Kashmir dispute. As an international dispute, Kashmiri warrants the application of international law for its logical resolution. Unfortunately, notwithstanding UNSC resolutions, India unilaterally and illegally changed the status of occupied Jammu and Kashmir from a state to the union territories through Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act-2019. Later through a number of amendments, Adaptation of State Laws in April 2020, India brought changes in dozens of local state laws, meant to bring changes in the existing demography of the state. This research focuses on the changes India has engineered in the new domicile laws of Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK) to change the demography of the state. The paper also focuses on the legal position of these changes in IIOJK from the perspective of International Law and the Fourth Geneva Convention.
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Naqshi, A. R., G. H. Dar, G. N. Javeid, and P. Kachroo. "Malvaceae of Jammu and Kashmir State, India." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75, no. 4 (1988): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2399298.
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Sharma, Devinder, D. P. Abrol, Hafeez Ahmad, Kuldeep Srivastva, and Vishav Vir. "Migratory Beekeeping in Jammu and Kashmir, India." Bee World 90, no. 2 (January 2013): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0005772x.2013.11417535.
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Sharma, Devinder, D. P. Abrol, Hafeez Ahmad, R. S. Bandral, and Arvind Ishar. "Traditional Beekeeping In Jammu And Kashmir, India." Bee World 91, no. 3 (January 2014): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0005772x.2014.11417605.
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Kour, Satvinder, Harpreet Kour, Sanjeev Kumar, and Yash Sharma. "New Records of Clitocybe Species from Jammu and Kashmir, India." Indian Journal of Forestry 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2015-4ma6dk.
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In this paper taxonomic account of three species of Clitocybe viz., C. dilatata, C. hydrogramma and C. nebularis collected from various locations of Poonch district of Jammu and Kashmir have been presented. Of these, Clitocybe dilatata and C. hydrogramma are a new report from India while Clitocybe nebularis is being reported for the first time from Jammu and Kashmir.
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Ahmad, Riyaz, Intesar Suhail, and Yash Veer Bhatnagar. "A first report of the presence of the Indian Wild Pig Sus scrofa cristatus from Kajinag Range, Kashmir, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 3 (March 26, 2017): 10018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2713.9.3.10018-10020.
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Eurasian wild pig Sus scrofa is a widely distributed terrestrial mammal. In India, wild pig occurs from peninsular to north India. In Jammu and Kashmir, wild pig was naturally distributed in Jammu region but is mostly introduced in the Kashmir valley and became common along the eastern foothills of Kashmir mountains with Dachigam NP holding the core population. But there have been no reports of its occurrence in northern foothills of Kashmir. We for the first time report the presence of wild pig in the Limber and Lacchipora Wildlife Sanctuaries of the Kajinag Range in northern Kashmir.
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Komissaruk, Ekaterina L. "Споры о письменном языке в Ладакхе: консерваторы и реформаторы." Oriental Studies 14, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-53-1-158-171.
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Ladakhi is an idiom used mainly within Ladakh (a region that until 2019 was part of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir), as well as in the bordering areas of China and Pakistan. Goals. The paper discusses the development of Ladakhi as a written language and the controversy it leads to both in Ladakh and outside. Methods and Materials. The study analyzes various official documents issued by local administrative bodies of Ladakh, academic works and grammatical descriptions of the Ladakhi idiom, as well as interviews with residents of the region. The main methods of the field research conducted in Ladakh in 2010—2011 include participant observation, analysis of documentary sources, and interviewing. Results. Most Ladakhis consider Tibetan and Ladakhi to be the same language, often using the linguonym ‘Bhoti’ to refer to both the languages. Since the independent princedom of Ladakh was established in the 10th century AD, Classical Tibetan has been the dominant written language there, while other idioms have also been used in oral communication. For a long time, Ladakhi has existed in diglossia, its role being that of a ‘low’ language. Most government officials, education workers and Buddhist clerics in Ladakh still believe that Ladakhi is and should remain a spoken version of Classical Tibetan rather than an entirely separate language. They see any attempts to codify the Ladakhi language as sacrilege because in their opinion the Tibetan language was created by Thonmi Sambhota to put down sacred Buddhist texts, and so it should remain unchanged. However, the last four decades have seen some considerable changes. A few dozen books written in Ladakhi or translated into the language have been published. A number of issues of a magazine in spoken Ladakhi released, and Al-Baqarah, the second surah of Quran, was also published in Ladakhi. Whether Ladakhi should become a fully fledged written (literary) language is the subject of hot debates in contemporary Ladakh attracting increasing attention both in and outside the region.
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Sharma, Shakha, and Neeraj Sharma. "New butterfly records from the Jammu Shiwaliks, Jammu & Kashmir, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 10 (October 26, 2017): 10856. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3180.9.10.10856-10859.
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The Himalayan state of Jammu and Kashmir, owing to variety of habitats, different climatic regimes and a wide range of altitude offers conducive habitats to butterflies ranging from low level hills of Shiwaliks to Trans-Himalayan landscapes of Ladakh through mighty Pir-Panjal and Valley of Kashmir. It is noteworthy that these mountainous landscapes though rich in insect diversity are the least known for butterfly fauna. The present note describes the new records based on opportunistic surveys of butterflies on the sidelines of avian surveys conducted in Jammu Shiwaliks during the years 2015 and 2016.
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Tara, JS. "EREBID MOTHS REPORTED FROM JAMMU DISTRICT (JAMMU AND KASHMIR STATE), INDIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 6, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 1418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/6572.
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Qadir, Shahid, and Amir Ahmad Dar. "How Internet Shutdowns Affects the Entrepreneurs in Jammu and Kashmir." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 12, no. 3 (July 2021): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.20210701.oa7.
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Entrepreneurship is the globally accepted source for economic development in underdeveloped countries like India and Pakistan. The internet is used as a business resource for growth and development. The internet is a global network that provides information and communication facilities. Shutdown of internet services has become a common trend in Jammu and Kashmir to stop rumors and misinformation sharing on social media applications. But it affects the economy and social life of people living in Jammu and Kashmir. Shutdown of internet has become common in Jammu and Kashmir after the militants used social media as a tool for recruiting the young generation. Government of Jammu and Kashmir snapped internet services whenever any anti-military and antigovernment operation happened. Continued shutdown of internet in the region results in winding up small business unit, which operates through internet. This paper particularly focused on how internet shutdowns affect the entrepreneur and which problems are faced by entrepreneurs in Jammu and Kashmir by the shutdown of internet in the area.
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Jahanzaib, Sardar. "INDO-PAK HYDROPOLITICS: IMPLICATIONS FOR DISPUTED JAMMU AND KASHMIR." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 03, no. 02 (June 30, 2021): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v3i02.199.
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India and Pakistan have been fighting over Kashmir, a contested region that is claimed by both the countries. Competition over waterways and dependence over water assets of Kashmir remains a bone of contention between India and Pakistan. This Research paper discusses the dependence of India and Pakistan over water sources originating from Kashmir. Kashmir, besides emotional attachment also has strategic, economic and political benefits for India and Pakistan. In the twenty first century, traditional concepts of state security have been changed. We have moved from traditional security aspects to non-traditional security aspects. Water is included in one of the non-traditional security aspects. India having all cards in hands is showing its’ hegemonic by choking the loose points of Pakistan. Though Indus Water treaty was signed in 1960’s to resolve the water issues between the two countries, but still we have not found any direct solution that will resolve the water crisis and provide permanent peace in the region. There is no way forward which will provide a win win situation for India, Pakistan and Kashmir in Indus water treaty. The researcher accounted that Indus Water Treaty has proved successful as far as its’ theoretical approach is concerned, but has failed in implementation and practicality. The researcher has used Hourglass model to analyze the Indus Water Treaty and to suggest the way forward that will lead towards a conflict resolution. Mixed methods have been used in the research from secondary sources to analyze water dependence. The research also seeks to analyze Indus water treaty and to explore the prospects for equal division of water resources. The subject matter of the research is Indo-Pak water dependency over water of Kashmir with a focus on how it will contribute towards the socio-economic status of India and Pakistan in the region and also how much dependence on water would affect the regional peace and stability in Kashmir conflict. Keywords: Conflict resolution, Hourglass glass model, Kashmir conflict, India-Pakistan water dependency, Indus water Treaty, Composite Dialogue process.