Academic literature on the topic 'Jan III of Dražice'

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Journal articles on the topic "Jan III of Dražice"

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Muscarella, Oscar White, and John Curtis. "Nush-i Jan III: The Small Finds." Journal of the American Oriental Society 105, no. 4 (October 1985): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/602734.

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Wereda, Dorota. "Jan III Sobieski wobec Cerkwi prawosławnej i unickiej." Prace Historyczne 146, no. 2 (2019): 399–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844069ph.19.020.9916.

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Czamańska, Ilona. "Jan III Sobieski wobec księstw rumuńskich i powstania węgierskiego." Prace Historyczne 146, no. 2 (2019): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844069ph.19.017.9913.

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Szpaczyński, Przemysław. "Habsburgowie i Jan Zamoyski wobec ambicji mocarstwowych Zygmunta III." Kwartalnik Historyczny 124, no. 3 (March 10, 2018): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/kh.2017.124.3.05.

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Decock, Paul B. "Understanding What One Reads I–III by Jan Lambrecht." Neotestamentica 52, no. 1 (2018): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/neo.2018.0012.

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Karyś, Jerzy Witold. "The Sons of Jan III Sobieski in Silesia of Habsburgs." Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczego im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Zeszyty Historyczne 17 (2018): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/zh.2018.17.02.

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Borek, Piotr. "Jan III Sobieski pod Wiedniem w literackim świadectwie epoki (rekonesans)." Prace Historyczne 146, no. 2 (2019): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844069ph.19.023.9919.

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Bar, Wiesław. "Jan Paweł II jako promotor świętości." Studia Prawnicze KUL, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/sp.292.

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Po przywołaniu badań ks. prof. Henryka Misztala nad świętością kanonizowaną według Jana Pawła II, Autor ukazuje najpierw znaczenie odnowienia procedury kanonizacyjnej dla promocji świętości (I). Następnie przybliża efektywność stosowania Konstytucji i Norm z 1983 r., nadal aktualnych, tylko doposażonych przez Instrukcję Sanctorum Mater wydaną za pontyfikatu Benedykta XVI oraz normy o administrowaniu funduszami procesów i regulamin konsulty medycznej za papieża Franciszka. Promocja świętości przez praktykę publicznego jej uznawania (p. II) – odzwierciedla statystykę beatyfikacji i kanonizacji przeprowadzonych przez Jana Pawła II w ciągu 27 lat pontyfikatu. Ich znaczenie w dziele nowej ewangelizacji i wychowaniu do świętości (III) doceniają i rozwijają również późniejsi papieże.
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Ujma, Magdalena. "Jan Sobieski’s latifundium and the soldiers (1652-1696)." Open Military Studies 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openms-2020-0105.

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Abstract An analysis of the relationship between Jan III Sobieski and the people he distinguished shows that there were many mutual benefits. Social promotion was more difficult if the candidate for the office did not come from a senatorial family34. It can be assumed that, especially in the case of Atanazy Walenty Miączyński, the economic activity in the Sobieski family was conducive to career development. However, the function of the plenipotentiary was not a necessary condition for this. Not all the people distinguished by Jan III Sobieski achieved the same. More important offices were entrusted primarily to Marek Matczyński. Stanisław Zygmunt Druszkiewicz’s career was definitely less brilliant. Druszkiewicz joined the group of senators thanks to Jan III, and Matczyński and Szczuka received ministerial offices only during the reign of Sobieski. Jan III certainly counted on the ability to manage a team of people acquired by his comrades-in-arms in the course of his military service. However, their other advantage was also important - good orientation in political matters and exerting an appropriate influence on the nobility. The economic basis of the magnate’s power is an issue that requires more extensive research. This issue was primarily of interest to historians dealing with latifundia in the 18th century. This was mainly due to the source material. Latifundial documentation was kept much more regularly in the 18th century than before and is well-organized. The economic activity of the magnate was related not only to the internal organization of landed estates. It cannot be separated from the military, because the goal of the magnate’s life was politics and, very often, also war. Despite its autonomy, the latifundium wasn’t isolated. Despite the existence of the decentralization process of the state, the magnate families remained in contact with the weakening center of the state and influenced changes in its social structure. The actual strength of the magnate family was determined not only by the area of land goods, but above all by their profitability, which depended on several factors: geographic location and natural conditions, the current situation on the economic market, and the management method adopted by the magnate. In the 17th century, crisis phenomena, visible in demography, agricultural and crafts production, money and trade, intensified. In these realities, attempts by Jan III Sobieski to reconstruct the lands destroyed by the war and to introduce military rigor in the management center did not bring the expected results. Sobieski, however, introduced “new people” to the group of senators, who implemented his policy at the sejmiks and the Parliament, participated in military expeditions and managed his property.
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MOMMAERS, Paul. "Opgaen en nedergaenin het werk van Jan van Ruusbroec (aflevering III)." Ons Geestelijk Erf 70, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 216–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/oge.70.3.2003405.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Jan III of Dražice"

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Pollmann, Jan [Verfasser]. "Eigenkapitalmanagement von Genossenschaftsbanken : Eine empirische Untersuchung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Basel III / Jan Pollmann." Aachen : Shaker, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1049383591/34.

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Schöne, Jan [Verfasser]. "Kontrolle von Spannungsrelaxation und Defektbildung in metamorphen III-V Halbleiterheterostrukturen für hocheffiziente Solarzellen / Jan Schöne." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1019870907/34.

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Schröder, Jan [Verfasser]. "Kollagen Typ I, II, III und VI - mRNA-Expression humaner Chondrozyten in verschiedenen räumlichen Organisationsformen / Jan Schröder." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1227973462/34.

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Ambs, Jan-Malte [Verfasser], and Jutta [Akademischer Betreuer] Keller. "Die Rom-III Kriterien sowie H2- und 13C-Atemtests in der Diagnostik funktioneller Darmerkrankungen / Jan-Malte Ambs. Betreuer: Jutta Keller." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/103299035X/34.

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Dittrich, Jan Christoph [Verfasser], Nils [Gutachter] Metzler-Nolte, and Ingo [Gutachter] Ott. "Peptid-funktionalisierte Gold(III)-Komplexe als Substrat für Matrix-Metalloprotease 2 / Jan Christoph Dittrich ; Gutachter: Nils Metzler-Nolte, Ingo Ott ; Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1205971939/34.

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Dittrich, Jan [Verfasser], Nils [Gutachter] Metzler-Nolte, and Ingo [Gutachter] Ott. "Peptid-funktionalisierte Gold(III)-Komplexe als Substrat für Matrix-Metalloprotease 2 / Jan Christoph Dittrich ; Gutachter: Nils Metzler-Nolte, Ingo Ott ; Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1205971939/34.

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Svensson, Jan Kristoff [Verfasser], Herbert [Gutachter] Pöllmann, and Thomas A. [Gutachter] Bier. "Reaktion von CO2 mit 2 unterschiedlichen Bindemittelsystemen - CEM III und Wollastonit - sowie ihre Eignung im Einsatz in der CCS-Technik / Jan Kristoff Svensson ; Gutachter: Herbert Pöllmann, Thomas A. Bier." Halle (Saale) : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1210730731/34.

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Haffner, Thomas. "Ein königlicher Prachtband kehrt in die SLUB Dresden zurück." SLUB Dresden, 2017. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A7834.

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2014 kehrte ein Prachtband in die SLUB Dresden zurück, der 1945 gestohlen und 2011 auf einer Pariser Auktion angeboten wurde. Der in goldgeprägtes Maroquinleder gebundene Großfoliant enthält eine reich bebilderte Beschreibung eines Kopf- und Ringrennens am Hof Ludwigs XIV. in Paris. Von dort erhielt ihn der polnische König Johann III. Sobieski, nach dessen Tod er in den Besitz Augusts des Starken gelangte. Dieser wiederum schenkte das Exemplar dem Grafen Heinrich von Brühl, mit dessen Bibliothek es 1768 in die Kurfürstliche Bibliothek zu Dresden kam.:- Ein königliches Turnier in Paris - Das Turnier auf Papier - Ein Prachteinband für den polnischen König - Von Polen nach Dresden - Eine Dublette für den Grafen Heinrich von Brühl - Von Dresden nach Paris und zurück
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Dykastová, Gabriela. "Jan III. z Dražic." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-355739.

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The diploma thesis focuses on the period of the episcopacy of Jan III of Dražice. The aim of the thesis is to describe the economic, political and cultural situation on the basis of analyses, description and comparison of acquired information. The thesis presents the personality of the Prag bishop Jan III of Dražice. It also analyse the administration and property of the Diocese of Prague in the second half of the 13th century. Finally, the thesis focuses on the political activity of the Prag bishop during the government of king Ottokar II. of Bohemia, the court of Jan III and his travel itinerary. The conclusion of the thesis is the recognition that during the period of the episcopacy of Jan III of Dražice the administration of Diocese began to be reorganized, two new episcopal castles were built, the episcopal office started to work and the property of Diocese did not increase. In comparison with the bishop of Olomouc Bruno of Schauenburg, Jan III was not so politically active in the royal policy.
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Jirková, Kateřina. "Iluminované rukopisy Jana IV. z Dražic." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338628.

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The Diploma thesis "The Illuminated Manuscripts of Jan IV of Dražice" is devoted to a set of illuminated manuscripts connected with a last bishop of Prague Jan IV of Dražice. After briefly summary and assesment of topical literature is in the next part of thesis appreciation of donation activities of Jan IV of Dražice. The emphasis is on his sojourn in Avignon and his donation activities in Prague and Roudnice nad Labem. Jan IV had an important influence to the development of illumination production in the Czech Countries. The goal of this diploma work is differentiation and monographic interpretation of manuscript's corpse connected with a figure of Jan IV of Dražice. Appreciation of donation activities of Jan IV z Dražic in cultural and historical time framework is mainly focused on explanation of his contribution to the development of illumination production in the Czech Countries. Work is mainly based on combination of methods of formal, iconographic and basic codicological analysis and where possible on iconological intepretation.
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Books on the topic "Jan III of Dražice"

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Wójcik, Zbigniew. Jan III Sobieski. Warszawa: Zamek Królewski w Warszawie, 1991.

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Jan III Sobieski na Pomorzu Gdańskim. Warszawa: Sport i Turystyka, 1985.

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Król Jan III Sobieski i jego epoka. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawn. Nauk., 1986.

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Targosz, Karolina. Jan III Sobieski mecenasem nauk i uczonych. Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1991.

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author, Gołąbek Marta, ed. In honour of King Jan III: Heroes and souvenirs. Warsaw: Wilanów Palace Museum, 2012.

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Widacka, Hanna. Jan III Sobieski w grafice XVII i XVIII wieku. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawn. Nauk., 1987.

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Avonds, P. Brabant tijdens de regering van hertog Jan III (1312-1356): Land en instellingen. Brussel: AWLSK, 1991.

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Peska, Roman. Rozbójnik czy bohater?: Biografia Komendanta III Komendy Konspiracyjnego Wojska Polskiego : Jan Małolepszy "Murat" 1906-1949. Pabianice: Oficyna Wydawnicza "Pamięć", 2002.

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Leitsch, Walter. Sigismund III. von Polen und Jan Zamoyski: Die Rolle Estlands in der Rivalität zwischen König und Hetman. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2006.

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All, India Art Exhibition (68th 1997 New Delhi India). 68th annual All India Art Exhibition: Part III, drawing section : New Delhi, Jan. 18, 1997 to Jan. 24, 1997, AIFACS Regional Centre, Panchkula, Haryana, Feb. 1-6, 1997. New Delhi: All India Fine Arts & Crafts Society, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Jan III of Dražice"

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Gilders, William K. "Jan A. Wagenaar, Origin And Transformation Of The Ancient Israelite Festival Calendar." In Perspectives on Hebrew Scriptures III, 411–13. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463214821-047.

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Patočka, Jean. "III. Octobre 1976." In Profils de Jan Patočka, 185–89. Presses de l'Université Saint-Louis, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pusl.13931.

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"III. ASUBJEKTIVITÄT NACH JAN PATOČKA." In Diskrete Differenzen, 151–204. transcript-Verlag, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/transcript.9783839425718.151.

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"3. III. Ablautreihe." In Die schwachen jan-Verben des Althochdeutschen, 582–621. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666203473.582.

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"Prinz Eugen und Jan III. Sobieski." In Deutsch-Polnische Erinnerungsorte, 182–202. Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/9783657773411_012.

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"Thematisch gruppierte Zusammenstellung der Anmerkungen zu Teil III (geistesgeschichtlicher Hintergrund)." In Jan van Eycks 'Ars Mystica', 461–79. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/9783846745397_030.

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Kaźmierczyk, Adam. "Jakub Becal: King Jan III Sobieski’s Jewish Factor." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 15, 249–66. Liverpool University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774716.003.0018.

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This chapter turns to King Jan III Sobieski’s factor Jakub Bezalel — known from the sources mainly as Becal (Becall). Becal was one of these elevated court Jews. He was exceptional in that he was one of the few Jews whose biography appeared in the Polski słownik biograficzny. He is also mentioned in the works of Polish historians, most often in the context of the Grodno Sejm of 1692–1693, during which he was accused of blasphemy. In the works of Jewish historians he is represented as a member of a persecuted group who, in unfavourable circumstances, managed to attain high positions through their personal merits and talents.
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"Chapter III. ‘This author is called Jan van Ruusbroec’." In Ruusbroec, 121–71. BRILL, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004158696.i-370.16.

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"III. Neu Jahrs-Wunsch den 1. Jan. Ao. 1667." In Teutsche Reden und Entwurff von dem allgemeinen oder natürlichen Recht nach Anleitung der Bücher Hugo Grotius' (1691), 112–19. De Gruyter, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110931198.112.

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Bogatyrev, Arseniy V. "The Russian text of the “pacta conventa” by King Jan III Sobieski and its Polish original." In Hermeneutics of Old Russian Literature: Issue 19, 66–103. А.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0610-9-66-103.

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Conference papers on the topic "Jan III of Dražice"

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Leone, Stephen R. "Laser probing of III-V semiconductor growth on Si(100)." In OE/LASE '90, 14-19 Jan., Los Angeles, CA, edited by Nicholas S. Nogar. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.17865.

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Simonis, George J., Ralph G. Hay, and Kenneth G. Purchase. "Optical control of microwaves with III-V semiconductor optical waveguides." In OE/LASE '90, 14-19 Jan., Los Angeles, CA, edited by Brian M. Hendrickson and Gerhard A. Koepf. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.18147.

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Scavuzzo, Rudolph J., Charles N. Papadelis, and Siegrid Hall. "Flexibility Factors for High Density Polyethylene Elbows." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25945.

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A method is proposed to calculate Flexibility Factors for molded and mitered 90° polyethylene elbows for both in-plane and out-of-plane loading based on Code Case N-319-3, Jan. 17, 2000. Displacement measurements in the direction of the applied forces were made during the testing of each elbow in addition to measuring the applied forces. By making use of Code Case equations, Flexibility Factors can be directly developed. Appendices to the paper show how these factors can be added to the deformation and rotation equation from curved Euler beam theory. One of the basic assumptions used in the Code Case and in this derivation is that there is no ovalization from torsion. Thus, the Flexibility Factor for the torsional displacement (twisting) of an elbow is one. Results show that an exact solution for Flexibility Factors based on the definition in Section III of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code can be obtained for in-plane loading. However, for out-of-plane loading, the Flexibility Factors are geometry dependent if the values are based on measured elbow deflections. The difference is associated with the contributions of both torsion and bending to elbow deflections.
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Likhyani, Ankita, Srikanta Bedathur, and Deepak P. "LoCaTe: Influence Quantification for Location Promotion in Location-based Social Networks." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/314.

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Location-based social networks (LBSNs) such as Foursquare offer a platform for users to share and be aware of each other’s physical movements. As a result of such a sharing of check-in information with each other, users can be influenced to visit (or check-in) at the locations visited by their friends. Quantifying such influences in these LBSNs is useful in various settings such as location promotion, personalized recommendations, mobility pattern prediction etc. In this paper, we focus on the problem of location promotion and develop a model to quantify the influence specific to a location between a pair of users. Specifically, we develop a joint model called LoCaTe, consisting of (i) user mobility model estimated using kernel density estimates; (ii) a model of the semantics of the location using topic models; and (iii) a model of time-gap between check-ins using exponential distribution. We validate our model on a long-term crawl of Foursquare data collected between Jan 2015 Feb 2016, as well as on publicly available LBSN datasets. Our experiments demonstrate that LoCaTe significantly outperforms state-of-the-art models for the same task.
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Sebastian, Ajit, Dhanya Susan Thomas, Anitha Thomas, Rachel Chandy, and Abraham Peedicayil. "Outcome of bowel resection in women with advanced ovarian carcinoma." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685310.

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Aim: To evaluate the mortality and morbidity related to bowel resection in women with advanced ovarian carcinoma. Methods: Retrospective case series of 47 women with stage III and IV carcinoma ovary who underwent bowel resection, over the period of 5 years from Jan 2011 to Dec 2015. The disease free survival was assessed and the prognostic factors for disease free survival was also analysed by bivariate analysis. Results: In this cohort 64% (30/47) had primary debulking, 21% (10/47) had interval debulking and 15% (7/47) had secondary debulking. The mean period of follow up was 23 months (1 – 45 month). The mortality was 15% (7/47), while major morbidity like anastomotic leak were nil. The three variables considered for mortality were relaparotomy, paralytic ileus and surgical site infection. 6% (3/47) had relaparotomy, 21% (10/47) had paralytic iileus and 15% (7/47) had surgical site infection. The overall morbidity was 42.5% (20/47). A total 34% (16/47) of patients had stoma. 79% (37/47) patients had optimal debulking. Conclusion: Bowel resection in optimally selected cases of advanced carcinoma ovary is a good option with limited mortality and morbidity. Often, bowel resection is the only way to achieve optimal debulking.
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"IMRT in carcinoma cervix: Maximizing the gain and nipping the side effects: RGCI experience." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685268.

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Objective: To present a single institutional experience with acute toxicity, patterns of failure and survival in carcinoma cervix treated using definitive radiotherapy with IMRT technique. Methods: It is a retrospective analysis of 64 patients with carcinoma cervix treated with definitive chemoradiation (IMRT) from April 2011 to Jan 2013. Patients with squamous or adenocarcinoma histology and no metastasis, treated with definitive radiotherapy (IMRT) with or without concurrent chemotherapy were included. Acute toxicities were presented as proportions and kaplainmeier computation was done to calculate 3 years disease free survival (DFS) and 3 years overall survival (OS). Results: Median follow up was months for the entire cohort. Mean age was 55.9 years (SD 9.93). Majority of patients (92.8%) had locally advanced disease (FIGO II and III) and squamous cell carcinoma (96.9%). Mean dose to pelvis with IMRT was 49.75 Gy (SD 1.78) followed by ICRT, EBRT boost and implant in 79.7%, 17.2% and 3.1% respectively (as indicated). Response evaluation done at 3 months of treatment completion showed 83.6% complete response, 11.5% partial response and 4.9% progressive disease. During follow up 21.6% developed recurrence - 44.4% failed locally, 16.7% at para-aortic nodal region and 38.9% at distant sites. The 3 year DFS and OS was 70.8% and 60.3% respectively. Patients had tolerable acute toxicities. Incidences of grade ≥3 acute toxicity were 3.1% for anemia, 10.9% for neutropenia, 25% for thrombocytopenia, 1.5% for nausea, 0% for vomiting, 12% for GU and 12% for GI toxicities. Incidence of grade I, II and III radiation dermatitis were 38.89%, 27.78% and 22.2% respectively. None developed grade IV radiation dermatitis. Conclusion: IMRT for carcinoma cervix seems to provide improved outcomes and toxicity profile, although it should be compared with conventional radiotherapy in a well randomized control setting so as to have true and meaningful comparison.
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Burgess, Richard A., and Mario G. Beruvides. "An Examination of How to Incorporate Ethics Into Systems Analysis and Vice Versa." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67396.

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In their paper “Combining Systems Dynamics and Ethics: Towards More Science?” Erik Pruyt and Jan Kwakkel argue that ethics ought to play a larger role in systems dynamics and vice versa (2007). Including ethics, they contend, will add sensitivity to current systems models as well as provide guidance on how to achieve best outcomes; with respect to both efficiency and flourishing (Pruyt & Kwakkel, 2007). At first blush, such a cross pollination promises to add much needed depth of analysis to systems modeling and a higher degree of precision in ethical analyses. Not surprisingly, however, achieving such outcomes is more complex than it initially appears. Indeed, the quest for additional precision in ethical analysis is not a new one to philosophers and ethicists. The problem remains, in many ways, intractable. In Part I of this paper, the authors expand on Pruyt and Kwakkel’s thesis by examining specific insights and tools that can and should be incorporated into systems dynamics modeling. Emphasis will be placed on the mechanics of this inclusion and the resultant implications. Part II, then, focuses on how systems dynamics tools like causal loop modeling and behavior-over-time graphs can be incorporated into ethical analyses in a non-arbitrary manner. Finally, in Part III of the paper, the authors briefly discuss the ramifications of Parts I and II for engineering education; both among students and practicing engineers. The authors argue that both directions of the cross pollination have merit (especially the inclusion of ethical considerations in systems dynamics modeling) and ought to be developed further.
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Eltai, Nahla O., Sara H. Al-Hadidi, Asmaa A. Al Than, Sanjay H. Doiphode, and Hadi M. Yassine. "Salmonellosis among Pediatric Population in Qatar: Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0126.

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Objectives: This study aims to characterize at the molecular level the genes encoding resistance in Salmonella and explain the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to ceftriaxone, cefepime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, colistin and azithromycin in Salmonella. It aims as well to characterize the 16S rRNA gene region by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to investigate if this region constitutes an appropriate ‘coincidental’ marker to distinguish important pathogenic Salmonella species. Finally, determine the lineages of Salmonella species and evolutionary relationships among bacteria classified within the same genus. Methodology: 246 Salmonella isolates were collected from children under 16 years old during Jan. 2018 - Dec 2019, presented with gastroenteritis at Hamad Medical Corporation. Isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against nineteen relevant antibiotics using E-test. Isolates that harbor antibiotic resistance were confirmed using PCR specific primers for 38 genes. In addition, the variable region of class 1 and 2 integrons were identified by PCR among amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC) resistant samples. RFLP targeting16S rRNAwas performed using seven restriction enzymes including AluI, Bgl I, Bgl II, EcoR I, SmaI, Hinf I & Hae III. Results: Resistance was detected against 15 antibiotics and (38.2%) of isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Overall, high resistance was reported to tetracycline (23.9%), ampicillin (21.1%), AMC (18.7%) and sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim (13%). Further, 22.4% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), with 4.1% being ESBL producers. 90 % of ESBL producers had one of bla CTX-M-Group. Class (1) AMC resistant samples showed the highest resistance to different antibiotics. 16S rRNA-RFLP analysis divided Salmonella isolates into two main groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate a high antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella, which necessities the development of regulatory programs to combats antimicrobial resistance. In particular, our results showed high resistance to Class (1) AMC cassette that involves the transmission and expression of the resistance. This might lead to a concern of increased multidrug resistance in the future. This study provides evidence guidance to activate and implement the pillars of an antimicrobial stewardship program in animal and human health to reduce MDR salmonellosis.
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