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Goh, Cheng Fai, and 吳殷輝. "The Japanese occupation of Malaya and Singapore (1941-1945) : narrating trauma and memory in 21st century Malaysian novels in English." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/198824.
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This study focuses on four 21st Century Malaysian novels about the Japanese Occupation, written in English, and explores the representations of trauma, narrative and memory in these novels in relation to trauma theory and Malaysian Literature in English. Trauma studies take as its point of departure the idea that an overpowering event, powerful enough to break the shield of consciousness, can return as symptoms of compulsive and/or repetitive behaviours after a period of latency that brings the traumatized victim back to the event. However, trauma is seen not as, or as the result of a single, isolated event, but as a condition that repeats itself across different temporalities. This argument is taken up in the analysis of four novels that use the Japanese Occupation as a theme and/ or setting, which examines the attempts of reconstructing the traumatic events of the Occupation in narrative, as well as the narrative strategies that display the breakdown of temporality in trauma.
This thesis consists of 5 chapters. The introduction of this thesis, which forms the first chapter, establishes the groundwork for the rest of the dissertation, and situates the study in its historical, literary and theoretical contexts. It provides the background of earlier scholarship on Malaysian Literature in English, the historical scholarship on the Japanese Occupation and its relation to this analysis, and the theoretical background that informs the argument of this study.
Chapter Two explores Tan Twan Eng‟s The Gift of Rain, and discusses the significance of using the first-person, autobiographical style when writing about trauma, as well as the role that narrative features such as flashbacks play to show a sense of the dual temporality of trauma. It also examines the need for the presence of a listener-as-witness when narrating trauma, in relation to the novel as a survivor narrative.
Chapter Three focuses on the relationship between history and memory, as well as remembering and forgetting, in relation to Tan‟s second novel, The Garden of Evening Mists. It explores how trauma can fragment the self and collective identities of traumatized subjects. It also explores the difficulty of incorporating trauma into a meaningful life-narrative.
Chapter Four analyzes Vyvyanne Loh‟s Breaking the Tongue, and explores the significance of using the second-person narrative when narrating trauma, which can be seen as a strategy to represent the dissociation that comes with trauma. It also analyzes the significance of the delay in the temporal structure in the narratives of traumatized subjects, and explores the importance of dreams and nightmares in these novels. This chapter also examines the crisis of witnessing that the characters are confronted with in the face of trauma.
Chapter Five explores Rani Manicka‟s The Rice Mother, a family saga. This chapter examines the notion of transgenerational trauma and postmemory, and how trauma can be transmitted through silences from one generation to the next. It pays close attention to the different forms of media used in the transmission of trauma, and also discusses the issue of replacement children who are born after traumatic loss.published_or_final_version
English
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Khamsi, Khatera. "Portrayals of national identity in Singapore's school textbook narratives of the Japanese occupation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10045749/.
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The portrayal of periods of war and occupation in school texts have played a central role in the process of constructing national identity around the world. This study examines how the history of the Japanese Occupation (1942-1945) has been used in the construction and maintenance of a Singaporean national identity, by analyzing the portrayals of the different ethnic groups in Singapore (the Self) and of Japan (the main Other) in school textbooks and museum exhibits dealing with that period. The thesis examines all ten government-authored primary- and lower-secondary-level history and social studies textbooks from 1985 to 2015, and exhibitions in national museums from 2006 to 2017 for the purpose of triangulation. It examines the way images of the Self and the Other have changed and contributed to the state-sponsored constructions of a national identity in Singapore. For this purpose, this study identifies and applies a new set of analytical categories for analyzing the Self, the internal Other, and the external Other. The analysis is used to assess the explanatory power of the prevailing theories distinguishing between civic and ethnic forms of nationalism. The findings show that, despite the official adoption and rhetoric of multiracialism, an ethnocultural conception of the nation has prevailed until today, and that overall there has been a gradual shift towards an increasingly multicultural conception of the nation. The findings also show that the ‘Japan’ presented in the textbook narrative of the Japanese Occupation, both as archetypal enemy and military model, has been the ‘Japan’ that Singapore needed for its own nation building and identity formation. While the findings show neither a clear convergence with nor rejection of one theory or another regarding the civic-ethnic typology, Brown’s (2000) addition of the multicultural type to the civic-ethnic typology of conceptions provides a more nuanced and useful tool for the analysis of the trend found in the Singapore textbooks.
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Crabb, Dawn Nora. "Navigating the Wreck: Writing women’s experience of the Japanese Occupation of Singapore. Salvaged from the Wreck: A novel -and- Diving into the Wreck: A critical essay." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2021. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2416.
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This thesis is in two parts. The first and major part consists of a historical novel followed, in part two, by an essay. The title of this thesis, “Navigating the Wreck”, refers metaphorically to the Fall of Singapore in 1942, the ensuing human tragedy unleashed on the people of Singapore and Malaya, and the literary and historical processes of exploring, interpreting and depicting the past. The Japanese occupation of Singapore has, to date, been described mostly by Western historians and former prisoners of war who have forged a predominant patriarchal narrative. In that narrative—despite the all-encompassing nature of the occupation and the cataclysmic effect it had on civilians—women are virtually invisible.
The objective of this thesis is to privilege women’s experiences by ethically gathering, analysing and re-imagining the accounts of a group of women of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds—Chinese, Indian, Malay, Eurasian—who lived through the occupation, using historical fiction to engage as broad a readership as possible. As well as literary praxis, research centres on analysis of relevant literature, including eight ethnically diverse published female memoirs and eleven women’s oral histories held by the National Archive of Singapore.
The essay discusses the artefact-centred, pragmatic and self-reflexive bricolage approach of this thesis, its feminist and phenomenological framework and my ethical responsibility and outsider authorial position as a white Australian woman reliant on local witness accounts. Feminist concerns addressed in the thesis are invisibility, plurality and intersectionality and I adopt a critical feminist phenomenology based on five aspects of Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex to discuss the aims and the research and writing processes of the thesis.
Working within that framework, I summarised and categorised female oral interview data from audio and written transcripts enabling comparison of each woman’s individual experience of the war and the effects that the occupation had on each woman’s life situation, revealing a diverse set of experiences, some of which influenced my literary choices. By immersing myself in the particular remembered experiences of each of the female interviewees and considering their stories against the tapestry of my own extensive lived experience of the physical, cultural and social world of Singapore, as well as an in-depth investigation of other historical data and male and female written memoirs, I identified gaps and silences that needed to be addressed. These include the strategic household, wage earning, food-supplying and charitable role that women played in the dangerous and difficult situation of the occupation as well as the ignored or marginalised active participation of women in Singapore’s pre-war anti-colonial communist movements, support for and armed participation in anti-Japanese activities in China as well as the jungle-based guerrilla militias in Malaya, and the urban anti-Japanese underground in Singapore.
The essay weaves the creative thinking and practical processes of researching and writing the novel through discussion of practice, literature, theory, methodology and craft, retrieving and exposing what is usually submerged in the creative process to indicate a matrix of production.
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Mitter, Rana Shantashil Rajyeswar. "The Japanese occupation of Manchuria." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627538.
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Chow, Ka-kin Kelvin, and 周家建. "Hong Kong and Malaya under the Japanese occupation 1941-1945." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574833.
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Chow, Ka-kin Kelvin. "Hong Kong and Malaya under the Japanese occupation 1941-1945." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574833.
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Wong, Alphonsus Lock Sek. "The transferability of Japanese management practices : the case of Singapore." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317025.
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Lin, Pei-Yin. "Culture, colonialism and identity : Taiwanese literature during the Japanese occupation period." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249751.
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Yung, Li Yuk-wai. "The Chinese resistance movement in the Philippines during the Japanese occupation /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13009400.
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Lee, Hyun Kyung. "Dealing with difficult heritage : South Korea's responses to Japanese colonial occupation architecture." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709101.
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Louk, Tommy. "American Shogun: Reasons Why the Japanese were Fascinated with General MacArthur." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/15.
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This paper will provide an insight into why the Japanese liked General MacArthur during the American occupation of Japan after World War II. By using letters that the Japanese sent to MacArthur I will show that the Japanese saw him as a liberator. The Japanese people were tired of the brutal rule by the military and were pleased with free speech and the right to assembly that MacArthur bestowed upon them. The Japanese people did not trust their leaders but trusted MacArthur to make fix their country. The Japanese people thought that MacArthur was liberating them from war, poverty, and despair.
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Kim, Jong-Geun. "Colonial modernity and the colonial city : Seoul during the Japanese occupation, 1910-1945." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708085.
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Krumrey, Brett Alan 1968. "Japanese written language reforms during the Allied Occupation (1945-1952): SCAP and romanization." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278364.
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This paper discusses the Romaji Movement and its role in the reform of the Japanese written language during the Allied Occupation of Japan (1945-1952). Past analyses concerning the Romaji Movement have suggested that romanization failed due to conspiracies against it and have neglected to consider other alternatives being pursued by the Japanese government. This paper will take a closer look at the Americans who supported romanization, their motivations for doing so, and the development of SCAP policy towards language reform. Since simplification, not romanization, was the preferred objective of both the American and the Japanese governments, this paper goes on to examine alternative methods to simplification which, in the end, proved to be highly successful.
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Fujiwara, Tetsuya. "Restoring honor: Japanese Pacific War disabled war veterans from 1945 to 1963." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1457.
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This dissertation examines the lives of Japanese disabled war veterans and the activism of the Japanese Disabled Veterans Association (JDVA: Nippon Shôigunjin kai) in the early postwar period, beginning immediately following the Allied Occupation in the summer of 1945 and ending in 1963, when the National Diet passed the "Act on Special Aid to the Wounded and Sick Retired Soldiers" (Senshôbyôsha Tokubetsu Engo-hô). Established in 1952, the JDVA would play a leading role in securing welfare for Japanese disabled war veterans.
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Kumano, Ruriko. "Re-educating the Japanese: the US occupation and postwar Japan's first minister of education." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/6933.
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Lim, Teow E. "A comparison of U.S. and Japanese management systems and their transferability to Singapore industry." Thesis, Aston University, 1987. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12202/.
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This research compares U.S. and Japanese management systems and evaluates their transferability to the Singaporean manufacturing industry. The objectives were:- a) To determine the effectiveness of U.S. and Japanese management systems when applied to Singapore. b) Determine the extent of transferability of U.S. and Japanese management systems to Singapore. c) Survey general problems ecountered in the application of U.S. and Japanese management systems to the Singapore industry. The study using questionnaire survey and interviews covered a total of eighty companies from four groups of firms in four industrial sectors comprising of U.S. and Japanese subsidiaries based in Singapore and their respective parent companies. Data from the questionnaires and interviews were used to investigate environmental conditions, management philosophy, management functions/practices, management effectiveness, and firm productivity. Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyse the questionnaire data. The analysis of the perceptual data from the questionnaire survey and interviews suggested that both U.S. and Japanese parent companies performed better in almost all the management variables studied when compared to their subsidiaries in Singapore. U.S. subsidiaries have less difficulty in adjusting to the Singapore environmental conditions and obtained better results than the Japanese subsidiaries in management functions/practices and management philosophy than the U.S. subsidiaries. In addition, the firm productivity (in terms of labour and capital productivity) of U.S. subsidiaries in Singapore was found to be higher than those of the Japanese subsidiaries. It was found that the Japanese parent companies returned the highest score among the four groups of firms in all the four industrial sectors for all the four management variables (i.e. environmental conditions, management philosophy, management functions/practices, and management effectiveness) surveyed using questionnaires. In contrast, the average score for Japanese subsidiaries in Singapore was generally the lowest among the four groups of firms. Thus the results of this study suggest that the transfer of U.S. management system into the Singapore industry is more successful than the Japanese management system. The problems encountered in the application of U.S. and Japanese management in Singapore were identified and discussed by the study. General recommendations for the Singaporean manufacturing industry were then made based on the findings of the questionnaire survey and interview analysis.
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Tan, Porter Debbie Eng Bee. "The status of women in a transitional society, male-female differentials in education, occupation, and earnings in Singapore." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30036.pdf.
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Matsumoto, Miyako Okahara. "The informal education in democracy of Japanese women through broadcasting during the occupation 1945-1952." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613945.
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Carter, Carolyne History Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Bewtween war and peace : the experience of occupation for members of the British Commonwealth Occupation Force, 1945-1952." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of History, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38647.
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This thesis explores the British Commonwealth experience of occupation in Japan from 1945-1952. It draws on official and private records from the four participating British Commonwealth countries ??? Australia, Britain, India and New Zealand- to examine the complex relationship that developed between the occupying troops and the occupied Japanese population in the period between the cessation of hostilities and the formal ratification of a Peace Treaty. The thesis begins with an analysis of the preconceptions British Commonwealth troops brought with them to Japan, to establish the context for their cross-cultural encounter with Japan and the Japanese people. An understanding of the historical background enables the impressions formed by BCOF troops during the occupation to be presented not as random observations, but as part of a tradition of contact and cultural critique. The British Commonwealth experience in Japan was shaped by a number of external factors. Delays in moving to Japan weakened media and public interest in the force, eroded morale and precipitated a ???foreign force??? mentality. Once in Japan, the dominant US presence, the subordinate status of BCOF and the shortcomings of the isolated, rural area allocated to the force were a source of disappointment and frustration. But the difficulties attending British Commonwealth involvement in the occupation should not obscure the simultaneous development of a significant cultural encounter. The circumstances of the occupation created a particular dynamic between BCOF troops and Japanese civilians. The responsibilities and obligations that SCAP conferred on the British Commonwealth force invested BCOF personnel with authority over the Japanese. The disparity in power was reinforced by participation in occupation tasks that confirmed their status as occupiers. The occupation relationship was heavily influenced by the nature of personal interactions established between BCOF personnel and the Japanese people. Service in Japan provided opportunities for troops to reassess their views of the Japanese in the light of personal experience. For some, the cultural differences they observed only reinforced their sense of the ???otherness??? of the Japanese. For many others, the occupation provided a bridge between war and peace, as contact with Japanese people eased the intense hatreds generated during the war. For most British Commonwealth personnel, service with BCOF impacted in some way on the beliefs they held about Japan and the Japanese.
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Havers, R. P. W. "Changi : from myth to history." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272826.
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Cole, Emily. "Towards a New Way of Seeing: Finding Reality in Postwar Japanese Photography, 1945-1970." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19275.
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This study examines postwar Japanese photography and the influence of World War Two, the Allied Occupation (1945-1952), and social and economic transformations during the Era of High-Speed Growth (1955-1970) on ways in which photographers approached and depicted reality. In the late 1940s, censorship erased the reality of a devastated society and evidence of the Allied Occupation from photography magazines. Once censorship ended in 1949, photographers reacted to miserable living conditions, as well as the experience of producing wartime propaganda, by confronting reality directly. Finally, photographers responded to social transformations and resulting challenges during the Era of High-Speed Growth by shifting from an objective reporting to a subjective critique of reality. A study of photography from 1945 to 1970 not only demonstrates how socio-historical forces influence photography but also reveals key changes in Japanese society and the urban landscape as Japan transitioned from a defeated, occupied nation to an economic powerhouse.
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Villanueva, James Alexander. "Awaiting the Allies’ Return: The Guerrilla Resistance Against the Japanese in the Philippines during World War II." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1552026873539029.
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Keeley, Timothy. "Host country national managers in Japanese subsidiares in Southeast Asian countries and Austalia (Malaysia, and Singapore and Thailand)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/106895/1/T%28BS%29%20214%20Host%20country%20national%20managers%20in%20Japanese%20subsidiaries%20in%20Southeast%20Asian%20countries%20and%20Australia%20%28Malaysia%20and%20Singapore%20and%20Thailand%29.pdf.
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This thesis focuses on how well host country national (HCN) managers are integrated into the management process of Japanese subsidiaries in Southeast Asia and Australia as well as in that of the parent companies themselves. It appears that in the majority of Japanese subsidiaries in Southeast Asia and Australia management control is firmly in the hands of Japanese parent company national (PCN) managers. The most important decisions are made by Japanese employees who are either working temporarily at the overseas subsidiary or at the parent company in Japan.
HCN managers play a minor role in the decision making process, their function is limited mainly the gathering of relevant information or making minor day-to-day
operational decisions. The conclusions are based on a review of the relevant literature and quantitative as well as qualitative data gathered specifically for this research. The data was gathered in two phases, one in 1994 and the other in 1996. Information was obtained from HCN and PCN managers at Japanese subsidiaries in Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. The research instruments included
questionnaires and in-depth interviews.
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Black, Jonathan. "Jose P. Laurel and Jorge B. Vargas: Issues of Collaboration and Loyalty during the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/69.
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In this paper I looked at the actions that were taken by Jose P. Laurel and Jorge Vargas during the occupation of the Philippines country by Japanese Imperial forces during World War II. I was mostly interested in the idea of loyalties that occurred in places that were occupied throughout history and what constituted the lines that would be drawn when the leaders of those countries decided to do what was best for their people. I started by researching the many of the Occupied countries of Japan and determined one in which there was a more controversial and grayed line of collaboration that occurred. I chose the Philippines mostly because of their relationship with the United States and to see how that factor affected the ideas of collaboration and loyalty. I mostly found that these men got most of their influences from their previous experiences in life but mostly form the last instructions that were given to them by Gen. MacArthur and their President. Ultimately they did not claim loyalty to the Japanese even though they collaborated with the Japanese. This is important in giving a good view into what needs to be done in order t preserve the nation state when being occupied by an invading force. It also explores the lines and interpretations of the definition of loyalty in these situations.
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Eykholt, Mark S. "Living the limits of occupation in Nanjing, China, 1937-1945 /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9913149.
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Gleich-Anthony, Jeanne M. "Democratizing Women: American Women and the U.S Occupation of Japan, 1945-1951." View abstract, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3295439.
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Tay, Frances. "Making Malaysian Chinese : war memory, histories and identities." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/making-malaysian-chinese-war-memory-histories-and-identities(abc19330-315a-4602-9680-5beb74173920).html.
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This thesis proposes a new perspective on Malaysian Chinese studies by exploring issues of identity formation refracted through the lens of contestations of war memory, communal history and state-sponsored national history. In multiethnic Malaysia, despite persistent nation-building programs towards inculcating a shared Malaysian national identity, the question as to whether the Chinese are foremost Chinese or Malaysian remains at the heart of Malaysian socio-political debates. Existing scholarship on the Malaysian Chinese is often framed within post-independent development discourses, inevitably juxtaposing the Chinese minority condition against Malay political and cultural supremacy. Similarly, explorations of war memory and history echo familiar Malay-Chinese, dominant-marginalised or national-communal binary tropes. This thesis reveals that prevailing contestations of memory and history are, at their core, struggles for cultural inclusion and belonging. It further maps the overlapping intersections between individual (personal/familial), communal and official histories in the shaping of Malaysian Chinese identities. In tracing the historical trajectory of this community from migrants to its current status as ‘not-quite-citizens,’ the thesis references a longue durée perspective to expose the motif of Otherness embedded within Chinese experience. The distinctiveness of the Japanese occupation of British Malaya between 1941-1945 is prioritised as a historical watershed which compounded the Chinese as a distinct and separate Other. This historical period has also perpetuated simplifying myths of Malay collaboration and Chinese victimhood; these continue to cast their shadows over interethnic relations and influence Chinese representations of self within Malaysian society. In the interstices between Malay-centric national history and marginalised Chinese war memory lie war memory silences. These silences reveal that obfuscation of Malaysia’s wartime past is not only the purview of the state; Chinese complicity is evident in memory-work which selectively (mis)remembers, rejects and rehabilitates war memory. In excavating these silences, the hitherto unexplored issue of intergenerational memory transmission is addressed to discern how reverberations of the wartime past may colour Chinese self-image in the present. The thesis further demonstrates that the marginalisation of Chinese war memory from official historiography complicates the ongoing project of reconciling the Malaysian Chinese to a Malay-dominated nationalist dogma.
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Cheung, Hiu Yan. "Cultural production in Shanghai theatre during the Japanese occupation period : Yang Jiang's reception and transformation of Jane Austen's comedic art." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/42035.
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In the wartime China of the 1940s, Yang Jiang wrote two very popular comedies: As You Desire (1943) and Swindle (1943). The genre of these two comedies and their relation to Western literature is discussed, and the connection between the styles of Yang and Austen is noticed and established on the ground that their works are regarded as belonging to the genre of the comedy of manners. This study focuses on Yang's reception of Austen's comedic style in her own comedies and examines how she receives and transforms the comedic elements of Austen's works onto the stage of the 1940s wartime Shanghai theatre. This thesis is divided into three parts. Part I discusses the background and horizon of expectations of Yang's reception of Austen's comedic art. Yang's direct reception of Austen's comic style is observed in her critique of Austen, in which her interpretation of Austen's style is generically related to the comedy of manners. Yang's reading experience of the familiar works of the comedy of manners in classical Chinese literature, as well as the comedies of manners written by Chinese playwrights in the China of the 1920s to 1940s, is the significant key to comprehending her horizon of expectations in the reception of Austen's style. Part II examines Yang's reception of Austen's style of the comedy of manners. The similarities between the styles of these two writers are discovered in the contexts of the Cheung depiction of female laughter, the spatial settings and anti-romanticism. Part III discusses Yang's transformation of Austen's comedic art in her own comedies. Living in a more turbulent environment than did Austen, Yang transforms Austen's comedic art in accordance with wartime Shanghai's socio-historical and socio-literary context. This transformation is demonstrated in two aesthetic orders of Yang's comedies: disillusionment and detachment.
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Tsang, Heung-Ping, and 曾香屏. "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation 1941-1945:The Transplantation of Japanese Culture." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y52vea.
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碩士淡江大學
日本語文學系碩士班
101
During the three years and eight months of Japanese occupation, from December 25, 1941 through August 15, 1945, it was so called the “Dark Age” in Hong Kong and can be regarded as the most tragic period of Hong Kong residents. The Japan military force governed the Hong Kong to the extent that all the people must absolutely obey the rules set the Japanese. In order to rationalize the invasion, Japan propagandized the slogan “Greatest East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere” as well as, transplanted the Japanese culture to Asia countries. They implemented the “Japanization” policy to outstanding the superiority of their culture and militarism. They also attempted to brain-wash the people asking them to pledge allegiance to their Emperor and obey the aggressive goal of “Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere”. This thesis firstly reveals the attempt of Japan’s invasion. Secondly explores how Japanese culture penetrated into Hong Kong based on the issue of “Wah Kiu Yat Po”. Lastly examines what was the reaction of Hong Kong residents when ruled by Japanese, how Japanese culture faded and retained after World War II.
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Song, Li-Hwa, and 宋麗華. "Wu Cho Liu Japanese Occupation''s Novel Research." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q7jmb4.
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碩士銘傳大學
應用中國文學系碩士在職專班
96
Abstract This thesis centers on The Japanese occupation’s novel of Wu Cho Liu. Analyzing the social appearance during the period of Japanese occupation.(The social appearance during the Taiwan was once a Japanese Colony). Understanding the characters’ relegation in Wu’s novel and Wu’s novel writing skill, besides, It reflects the background’s character of the period during Japanese Colony and the character of Wu’s novel through his facile writing stroke. Finally concluding the special contribution of Wu’s Japanese occupation’s novel in Taiwan literature history! The researching method of this thesis is analyzing the documents on the subject and historical researching. Collecting the related references to analyze, to generalize, to deduce and research. The main related references as the following: 1. the Novel of Wu’s. 2.the personal background of Wu Cho Liu. 3.the related references about Japanese occupation in Taiwan, such as the society, politics, economics, education, culture……etc. to research the society appearance of Japanese Colony in Taiwan. This thesis is divided into six chapters, and principal point of each chapter as the following: Chapter One: Introduction. Briefly talks about the motivation of this research, the literature reviews of some related papers done by the previous researchers as well as the analyzing methods and the scope of this thesis. Chapter Two: the introduction of Wu ChoLiu, such as his background , novel writing progress and the brief introduction of each Wu’s novel. Chapter Three: From the politics, economics, education , society and basic life of Taiwan commons to treat and analyze the theme of each Japanese occupation novel of Wu’s. Chapter Four: Relegating the characters into the man of knowledge, the loyalist of the Japanese Empire, the imperialist jackals, the faithful commons, the female character and the others. Chapter Five: Treating the characteristics of Wu’s novel writing skill. From the plot arrangement, the strokes of Wu’s creation, the portrait of the figure in novel, the presentation of talking, the processing skill and characteristics of the scene in Wu’s Novel etc. to treat Wu’s novel writing skill. Chapter Six: Conclusion. The results of the research are concluded in this chapter. Commentating the characteristics of Wu’s novel creation and concluding the Wu’s contribution and position in Taiwan Literature history. Furthermore, some suggestions for improvement and further researches are declared.
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Eaton, Clay. "Governing Shōnan: The Japanese Administration of Wartime Singapore." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D87387HW.
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The Japanese military administration of Southeast Asia during the Second World War was meant to rebuild the prewar colonial system in the region under strong, centralized control. Different Japanese administrators disagreed over tactics, but their shared goal was to transform the inhabitants of the region into productive members of a new imperial formation, the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Shōnan, the wartime name for Singapore, was meant to be the center of this Co-Prosperity Sphere in Southeast Asia. It was the strategic fulcrum of the region, one of its most important ports, and a center of culture and learning for the wartime Japanese. Home to thousands of Japanese administrators during the war and a linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse local population, Shōnan was a site of active debates over the future of the Sphere. Three assumptions undergirded these discussions: that of Japanese preeminence within the Sphere, the suitability of “rule by minzoku (race)” for Southeast Asians, and the importance of maintaining colonial social hierarchies even as Japanese administrators attempted to put the region on a total war footing. These goals were at odds with each other, and Japanese rule only upended social hierarchies and exacerbated racial tensions. The unintended legacy of the wartime empire lay, not only in the new opportunities that Japanese rule afforded to Southeast Asian revolutionaries, but in the end of the politics of accommodation with imperial power practiced by prewar Asian elites. The result of Japanese rule under the Co-Prosperity Sphere was the emergence of a new, confrontational form of politics that made it impossible to return to prewar colonial practice. Even in Singapore, the bastion of British power in Southeast Asia, Japanese rule undermined the Asian foundation that Western imperialism had been built on.
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Huang, Mei-Shun, and 黃美順. "Molding of Jian’s local society during Japanese Occupation Period." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2k48ay.
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碩士國立東華大學
臺灣文化學系
100
This study will target “local society” with collection of historical documentations and field research as study methods in the investigation of possibility of local society development from a public-run perspective based on interaction between regional ethnic groups and relationship between land management and social network. Geological and historical development of eastern Taiwan differs greatly from the west. Causes for slow land development and reclamation in Jian, which is situated in eastern Taiwan, are due to the obstruction of its natural environment and lack of cultural environment. Up to late Qing Dynasty, rule over eastern Taiwan was very limited as aborigines of Jian still live according to their own set of survival rules. In terms of its historical development, Jian was greatly affected by Japanese, who forced their way into the area during Japanese Occupation Period. Under Japanese force, composition of Jian population began to change. Japan’s efforts in trying to mold eastern Taiwan into a second Japan as well as efforts to introduce Japanese immigrants to live in Taiwan and land inventory have altered Jian’s local social structure. It was not until 1937 (12th of Showa) that Jian was finally ruled under the same administrative framework by the Japanese government. Prior to that, each of Jian’s ethnic group was divided and governed by police force dispatched by the Japanese government, thus giving rise to different forms of developments in ethnic organizational space according to different jurisdictions. It was not until after the establishment of Yoshi Village in 1937 and Japanese attempts to allocate civilian forces for war that boundaries between Jian’s ethnic groups were broken with interaction between different ethnic groups initiated. Prototype of Jian’s local society was formed by late Japanese Occupation Period with various local social organizations starting to utilize such space for political, economic, and social activities.
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Kim, Young Choon. "Japanese media and national integration in the post-occupation era." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28166324.html.
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Kuo, Tsen-Tsu, and 郭貞孜. "The transition of Buddhism in Taiwan during the Japanese occupation." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88991909666594246613.
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碩士淡江大學
漢語文化暨文獻資源研究所碩士班
99
The Taiwan Strait amongst Formosa, Canton and Fuchien, in spite of neighbourhood, in ancient China was the massive obstacle for inter-communication, yet Taiwan history in connection with China can trace back to Suei Dynasty that developed along with more than one thousand years swung the conquest by Suei, Yuan''s amnesty, Ming to Ching Dynasty, however the Han ancestry commenced to emigrate and excavate Taiwan never stopped then. Sequentially it had been four hundred years since Tseng''s holding Taiwan in the last phase of Ming Dynasty thru the early stage of Ching that people from Fuchien and Canton reckless of the ban by Ching government moved cross Taiwan Strait for dreaming lives in the fairland of Taiwan whatever agriculture or traifficking. Those people being ashore firmly believe in Buddhism, especially in sea Goddess, therefore the ancestry brought their traditional religions, customs and believes into Taiwan. Each wave of emigrants in different stage into Taiwan wherever Fuchien or Canton always brought individual God of the temple or shrine to the own community or settlement to worship for blessing that makes their believes and customs to inherit generation by generation. Those splendid temples or shrines individually spread into all of Taiwan have their own localities what were set up and rebuilt again and again to stay what they are nowadays. Thus, in other word, viewing into the temples wherever in Taiwan recites a long story that the existence of religion in Taiwan has developed, even mutated into the typical Buddhistical Taoism. Each local temple implies how the people are, those days they were and the way they undertook. By far the present people on Taiwan know very well about where we were from and what we are today. And the temples on Taiwan expatiate entirely at all.
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Wai, Casper Koh Chek, and 許仄偉. "Expanding the e-commerce market for Japanese groceries in Singapore." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09985908114739653585.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
企業管理碩士專班
104
This work defines the e-commerce expansionary strategy for a Singapore-based Japanese grocery provider and critically evaluates the internal constraint and professional guidance to determine how it might be achieved. It considers methodologies to analyze the underserved segmentation needs and demands, review the business landscape and identify the potential market strategy and operation plans. Primary research through questionnaire interviews is conducted as part of this work identified circumstantial factors that correlate to the fluctuating sales. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) The Delta Model provided a guiding framework to generating new consumers through a combination of Best Product strategy and Consumers Solution strategy that introduce the otherwise unreachable segment of the targeted population. Besides developing new business through executing the consumer’s solution strategy, it serves as a continual attempt to stay close and relevant to consumers changing needs and demands. To bridge further gaps in the academic framework, the study also considered the scope and activities of marketing and its cost-benefit analysis to deliver a feasible recommendation.
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張麗芬. "The Camphor Industry of Taiwan Under the Japanese Occupation(1895-1919)." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34408944892238571923.
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Chiang, Chih-Hao, and 江智浩. "The organizing of mobilization in Taiwan during WW2nd under Japanese occupation." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30163570731739134939.
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Chen, Ssu-Chi, and 陳思琪. "The Study of Primary Education in Taipei Region During the Japanese Occupation." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59341702263264145424.
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碩士臺北市立教育大學
社會科教育研究所
94
Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze the development, actual conditions, features and influence of primary education in Taipei region during the Japanese occupation. The main focus of this study is on the primary educational institutions, which were located in current Taipei city during the Japanese occupation. The method of this study is historical research. In addition to interviews with elders at the time, serves as the supplementary information to help systematically analysis, to compare and to summarize the related data. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. The population of Japanese students in Taipei was high. Therefore, the establishment of elementary schools in Taipei was more urgent than other regions. 2. The Japanese colonial government established central schools first, and then set up some branches. When those branches had developed to a certain level, then they would be made independent institutions. The National Language School and Taipei’s National Language School were the two originators of primary education in Taipei region. 3. There was high density of elementary and public schools in Taipei region (especially in Dar Dau Chen and Mon Chia districts). The school enrolment in Taipei city was high as well. 4. The percentage of qualified teachers in the elementary schools was slightly higher than that in the public schools in Taipei region. Additionally, the percentage of qualified teachers in Taipei region was also higher than that in Taiwan. 5. It was a common phenomenon that teachers imposed corporal punishment for the sake of students' own good. The impressions held by the elders towards the teachers were that they were affectionate, responsible, dedicated, and strict and treated students as their own children. 6. The elementary schools are more advantaged than the public ones regardless of the student number of classes, the election of class leaders or channels of entering higher education. Additionally, curriculums in the public schools were all designed by Japanese for the purpose of gradually naturalizing Taiwanese. In conclusion, Japanese colonial government implemented ideological instilment in elementary schools. The students were imbued with Japanese patriotism. Under the educational system ruled by Japanese imperialism, Taiwan people were cultivated with Japanese loyalty. During the Japanese occupation, Japanese colonial government established the discriminative preliminary education in Taiwan, which was a new educational system at the time but its ultimate purpose was to develop Japanese spirit and naturalize Taiwanese to become their liegemen. In comparison with the democratic educational institutions in the West, the practice of the education institutions during the Japanese occupation in Taiwan was obviously an institutional and slavish system. Moreover, the aim of education under such institutions is far-fetched from the original significance of education, cultivating humanity and enlightening students. The later generations who care about education institutions should keep this in mind.
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Sheng-Feng, Weng, and 翁聖峰. "Discussion on Controversy of Taiwanese Modern and Historical Literature during Japanese Occupation." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40213258747441166667.
Full textAbstract:
博士輔仁大學
中文系
90
PhD Thesis Fu Jen Catholic University(2nd semester, 2001) Graduate School:Graduate School of Chinese Literature, Fu Jen Catholic University Title of Thesis:Discussion on Controversy of Taiwanese Modern and Historical Literature during Japanese Occupation Professor:Sir Chen Wan-Yi Student:Weng Sheng-Feng Abstract: The thesis is divided into ten chapters consisting of 33, 6000 words, which sum up to 400 pages. According to the controversy of Taiwanese modern and historical literature during Japanese Occupation and the interactive relation of each era, this thesis mainly concentrates on the comparison of causes leading to dispute and controversy between modern and historical literature. At the same time, the thesis categorizes the cultural symbolism and representation of both literatures. Chapter One- Introduction This chapter explains the motivation of study and also discusses the current condition of study. It then describes the scheme and restriction of study. Definition of keywords, such as “wen yen” (historical Mandarin), “bai hwa” (modern Mandarin), “bai hwa wen (modern Mandarin literature), “bai hwa zi” (modern Mandarin characters), and “Taiwanese wen” (Taiwanese literature), in modern and historical literature are also specified and explained in this chapter. At last, the thesis states examples and objectives of each chapter. Chapter Two- Transition Period vs. Controversy of Modern and Historical Literature This chapter emphasizes on the changes of each era. As modern and historical thoughts blended, we can see the uprising and downfall of many intellectuals who were born in the transition period. The standard of life experienced modern and historical changes during the era of living art and transition period. Identical-last-name marriage and its transition period led to an era which understood the impact of traditional culture on modern intellectuals. Pondering on cultural adjustment tells us that change of culture is usually accepted slowly. The possibility of a mixture of the modern and the historical should result in our open-mindedness towards changes in the society. Chapter Three- External World vs. Controversy of Modern and Historical Literature In this chapter, changes of the external world, led by modern and historical literature, is described. Political and ethnic factors showed the discrimination on Taiwan by Japanese rulers during Japanese Occupation. Through different faces of traditional culture, we discovered the dynamic character of traditional culture, which exhibited livelihood and dynamics at different levels and at different military camps, during Japanese Occupation. Taiwanese people suffered speech and publication inequality during cultural inhibition. The difficult development of “han wen” (Chinese; Mandarin) education and controversy of modern and historical literature described the learning desire and dedication for “han wen” among many intellectuals. Change of the world of literature and controversy of modern and historical literature clearly resulted in the differences of Taiwanese literature. Chapter four- History of Development of Taiwanese Modern and Historical Literature Controversy during Japanese Occupation (I) The history of development of Taiwanese modern and historical literature controversy during Japanese Occupation is divided into five different periods. From the 9th year of Ta-Geng (1920) to the 12th year of Ta-Geng (1923), the controversy of modern and historical literature was nearly heated. Well-known press has made the controversy of modern and historical during this period of time (1920~1923) clearly exposed in public, which is a problem neglected in previous studies. From the 13th year of Ta-Geng to the 15th year, the controversy was heavily heated. Yet, at the same time, intellectuals also seemed to tolerate each other, which was another phenomenon ignored by most researchers. Chapter Five- History of Development of Taiwanese Modern and Historical Literature Controversy during Japanese Occupation (II) From the 2nd year of Showa (1927) to the 6th (1931), the controversy of modern and historical literature remarkably decreased. The most dramatic change of this period was the intellectuals’ tolerance for one another regardless of modern or historical. Between the 7th year of Showa (1932) and the 12th, the world of literature experienced another major controversy. Intellectuals with different beliefs came to another war of literature, which was unnoticed in previous studies. According to three-branch development and parallelism, “traditional han wen” (traditional Chinese literature), “Chinese bai hwa wen” (modern Chinese literature), “Taiwanese wen” (Taiwanese literature), and Roman letters have strengths and flaws respectively; therefore, it is not necessary to rank any of which. Chapter Six- History of Development of Taiwanese Modern and Historical Literature Controversy during Japanese Occupation (III) After the Lu-Gou-Qiao Incident in the 12th year of Showa (1937) until the 14th (1939), controversy of literature turned minimal. From Showa 16th year (1941) to 17th (1942), controversy was triggered by the revolution of historical poetry. Eventually, modern intellectuals advocated the replacement of historical poetry with modern literature. Chapter Seven- Definition of Literature, Ethics, and Controversy of Modern and Historical Literature This chapter provides a different research perspective on controversy of modern and historical literature, which has never been discussed in previous studies. Modern and historical intellectuals had unlike definition for literature and held different attitude towards ethics. Intellectuals argued about the discrepancy between literature and “han wen”; they also have different opinion on love and other unique literatures. Chapter Eight- Evolution of Literature, Publicized Literature, and Controversy of Modern and Historical Literature This chapter discusses the insight and blind spot of controversy of modern and historical literature. During Japanese Occupation, Beijing dialect was not spread among the nation of Taiwan. “Chinese bai hwa wen”, therefore, was not the only sector of publicized literature. “Han wen” and “Taiwanese wen” both have their own strengths and flaws. Chapter Nine- Style and Reflection of Literature vs. Controversy of Modern and Historical Literature This chapter explains the “eight negativism” and discusses the different perspectives of style of literature. The reflection of literature conveyed the dissidence between modern and historical intellectuals but also showed the self-evaluation of them. Chapter Ten- Conclusion This chapter summarizes the highlights of each chapter and discusses the value and future perspectives of the thesis. Note- Statistic Chart of Documentation on Taiwanese Modern and Historical Literature Controversy during Japanese Occupation Via the chart, we can understand the chronological development of the controversy of modern and historical literature during Japanese Occupation. The chart also categorizes the development by dates and its related articles, which allows us to clearly see the outlines of modern and historical literature controversy. Major reference documents are divided into four categories and put in the end. Index, from the first chapter to the last, is also included to guide the readers on vocabularies and their locations throughout the thesis.
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謝仕淵. "Sport of the Empire and Colonial Modernity: Taiwan Baseball During Japanese Occupation." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26126680214257152400.
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博士國立臺灣師範大學
歷史學系
99
The development of Taiwan Baseball in Taiwan during the Japanese occupation was to establish political relations between the central Japan and the marginal Taiwan within the colonial empire, and simultaneously, to establish administrative structures which infiltrates to the roots in the island to promote baseball. On this basis, the competitive and cooperative norms of baseball have made the three ethnic groups among the colonies the same tune. By competing and cooperating with each other, different baseball teams in Taiwan finally see this island as a whole, and finally to unite as a whole to win the Koshien High School Summer Baseball Tournament held in Osaka, Japan. The “tri-racial harmony” shows the progress of civilization and the loyalty to the home country in colonial Taiwan, which also shows the meaning of baseball as the “sports of the empire” in the context of assimilation policies in the 1920s. The purposes of baseball is to pursuit good health, encourage competition and emphasis on moderation, unity, cooperation, and sacrifice, of which the value of the concrete foundation of modern society. In this context of political and social movements, baseball is the way Taiwan proves itself does not fall in the Japan, or even a means of gaining the upper hand in the world. Moreover, baseball is the stand point for Taiwan to criticize the unfair allocation of sports resources against its colonists. To the players’ community, the values of baseball are not necessarily the same. Some struggle between simulative pleasure and performance anxiety, while others seek social entertainment rather than losses and gains. The socio-material phenomenon and consumer culture of baseball have great influence on the identity of players community. To the fans, on the other hand, the value might be to enjoy the passion, or to expect one becomes the baseball star. This is part of popular culture. However, baseball in Taiwan shows the social hierarchy during the Japanese occupation. For example, the authority and arbiter of baseball, such as referees and coaches, are mostly Japanese. The gap between resource allocations exists. Even the ability to purchase baseball game tickets, bats and groves roughly differs between a Japanese and Taiwanese. Although Taiwanese are encouraged in strive victories in baseball, when facing the colonists, they feel self-contradictory. Thus, embodied in modern baseball value, the background can not be divorced from the colonial context, and the colonial relationship exists within.
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PIN, HUANG TSUNG, and 黃宗彬. "A STUDY of SYOU JI SOU ITI’SMADAME CHEN：TAIWANESE LITERATURE UNDER JAPANESE OCCUPATION." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13483671596010257848.
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FAN, PEI-YI, and 范蓓怡. "Study on the development of Japanese elder''s employment and occupation capability." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74063133078578418973.
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碩士淡江大學
日本研究所
87
Since Japan is an advanced-age society, the elders are no longer the weak group. In other words, the issue on occupation of elders has become more and more important. The thesis is divided into six chapters, the first chapter is the introduction, and the last one is the conclusion, and the rest is the main content. The second chapter shows the changing of Japanese population. The increase of elders will cause influences to this country. And in this chapter we will talk about the changing and the derived burden of advanced-age population in Japan. The third chapter focuses on the practical condition of the working elders in Japan. Firstly, we will research the necessity of elders'' working from the point of social life and practical sphere. Then we will analyze the realistic situations of elders'' working, and find out the relation between the aging and industrial management. The fourth chapter quotes the two premier living styles-occupational and leisure life, to test the contentedness of Japanese elders. And also we will examine the methods which Japan used to resolve the problems of elders'' living and future schedule. The fifth chapter puts premium on the problems that elders may meet at work, and we propose some projects to solve these things. Basically, these are two ways to deal with the subject of developing advanced-age workers'' power: one is to rise elders working capabilities and their willingness, and help them to have an active working attitude; the other is for the government and industries to redesign more proper job formats according to elders'' abilities and specific characteristics, and thus the elders can obtain better and suitable working surroundings.
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Hsiung, Liang Ming, and 梁明雄. "A Study of the Taiwan New Literature Movement during the Japanese Occupation." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32405248100478476625.
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Tsai, Wan Jung, and 蔡宛蓉. "The Research of Taiwanese Prison System During Japanese Occupation Period (1895-1945)." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43664296879722325762.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
台灣史研究所
98
The current public understanding of "prison" means the executive place where convicted criminals receive punishment, correction and reformation. This seeming simple concept, for Taiwanese of 100 years ago, is a modern western penalty rather than the traditional Chinese penalty of “whipping, stick beating, exile, and death." After Japanese occupation started in 1895, it brought western prison system and set up Taiwanese penalties from traditional ways to modern ones. Taiwanese prison order during Japanese occupation period was reformed via "Taiwanese Prison Order"in 1895, "Taiwanese Prison Regulation" in 1899 and "Taiwanese Prison Rule” in 1908. Most of Taiwanese prison orders' content follows Japanese prison regulations, as a partial extension of Japanese common law. However, there are regulations suiting local circumstances in Taiwanese prison order so to demonstrate that Taiwanese prison system is not directly under the Japanese control, but varies according to its needs. The Governor Palace in Taiwan entitling of legislation institutes special regulations in Taiwanese prison order and legislates special law orders such as "Immediate Sentence for Criminals," "Penalty and Whipping Example" and "Furosha Prohibition Rules" as the more convenient ways to replace prison system. These special law orders not only influence Taiwanese prison system’s operation, but also cause Taiwanese people to have difficulty distinguishing the difference among "Prison," "Detention Center" and "Furosha Rehabilitation." Taiwanese prison system is divided into the central institutions which supervise the prison operation and the actual prison-superintending local prisons. Since 1900, the prison affair was directly under the superintendence of the Governor Palace in Taiwan's Legal Affairs Section. The prison distributions in Taiwan consist of three major prisons of Taipei, Taichung and Tainan, and subdivisions of Yilan, Hsinchu, Chiayi, Kaohsiung and Hualien Harbor. The operation of Taiwanese prison systems is also via the Governor Palace in Taiwan The issue of "Prison Officials of the Governor Palace in Taiwan" establishes the official duties of warden, chef guarder, interpreter, prison doctor and moral instructor in order to ensure smooth prison operation. A part of these officials comes from the cultivation of “Police Officer-Training School of the Governor Palace in Taiwan." Nevertheless, due to the training course of Taiwanese police officials is subordinated to the police school, some officials would choose to study at the police officer-training school in Japan. The modern prison's management styles toward prisoners gradually transform the core from "punishment" to "education." With the change of prison management styles, the emphasis of "prison" execution shifts from imposing panality on those prisoners to assisting them to reform themselves and return to society. During the Shouwa period in Japan, the concept of "educational panality” was implemented to “Progressive Treatment of the Punishment System” and "Parole Investigation Regulation.” However, the Governor Palace in Taiwan does not practice these law orders; as a result, Taiwanese prison emphasizes the penalty side rather than the educational function. The different treatment toward prisoners in Taiwan and Japan suggests that even under the modern facade of Taiwanese prison system, the unequal treatment under colonial rule still exists.
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KUO, Ying Ling, and 郭盈伶. "The colonial education of primary school in the period of Japanese occupation." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95910675396940053183.
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ting-fang, Chen, and 陳庭芳. "A Study on the Han Chinese Wedding Customs during the Japanese Occupation." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46274764158244053802.
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碩士國立臺北大學
民俗藝術研究所
98
According to the Treaty of Maguan (馬關條約) In 1895, the Manching government ceded Taiwan to Japan. Taiwan became Japanese territory. Due to the lack of experience in running colonies on the part of the recent Japanese government, an appeasement policy with no particular focus was adopted with due consideration to political realities, and main policy implementation directions were carried out in due respect to the old customs of Taiwan. Also, due to the goal of social activities pushed by the Japanese in Taiwan in the 1920’s, basically the Japanese Meiji Restoration was what they copied from in the main. Therefore, the intrinsic substance of social development in Taiwan was modernization heavily laden with western color. After the Japanese rule, the local elites in Taiwan gradually became self-conscious of their own culture, due to the drastic changes of Japanese ruling policies in Taiwan and the influence from the impact of western thinking. The first New Cultural Movement then came into existence for the first time in Taiwan. New Cultural Movement touched upon many layers and subjects so it left far reaching influence on the value system of Taiwanese. And then the civil wedding customs in Taiwan developed into much more wonderfully diversified customs due to the mutual interaction of factors like the political circumstances, social atmosphere, cultural thinking and traditional etiquettes etc. mentioned above. Therefore, the subject being explored by this essay is to study the transitions in local wedding customs under sovereignty changes, reform of the ages and social customs changes, and to understand the turning point of the wedding customs of Han Chinese in Taiwan on the basis of studies on present day wedding customs. After exploration made by this essay, it is discovered that the negotiation prior to wedding by Taiwanese during the Japanese occupation period had varied slightly from former practices. Marriage matchers were not limited to a special group. The collection of the eight characters (the heaven and earth symbols from a birth date) , offering to the deities , ceremonies to find out if the potential couples could make a perfect match, etc. were not absolute necessities anymore. Finding out the family circumstances of the potential partner and meeting of the partners became more open due to the introduction of new thinking. Sending the invitation to marry, sending off dowry, and finding a suitable date for sending off the dowry which were carried out on three different dates could be done together in one day. The integrating of these ceremonial procedures and shifting of dates to an earlier one indicated that wedding customs and ceremonies were simplified but not being sacrificed of their grandeur in response to the forever quickening of the living pace of Taiwanese, or perhaps to the influence to a certain extent of social and economic factors. When it came to dowry, Taiwanese had changed their concept from “No wedding if no gold (money) is sent as a gift” to the bad habit of discussing on the dowry. Although this was the act of a few, and until the later stage of Japanese rule, this had limited influence on the Taiwanese. But this to a certain extent had inspired Taiwanese to think about their personal value. There were significant changes in two aspects like hair combing and the formation of a bun and the wedding gowns. From matters like the bride choosing a lucky hour for pricking hair from the face, putting on the headwear, ji ritual, python red robe, wearing a Fengguan etc., these had been replaced by choosing no particular hour for hair pricking from the face, wearing big loose dress, western dresses, national dresses etc. Brides covered themselves from the head with white color wedding gowns. Bridegrooms chose the lucky hour to shave their hair, putting on a bland new suit, initiation rites. Now these had been gradually replaced by white suits, tuxedo, uniform, national costumes etc. It can be seen that in these two aspects, Taiwanese had made much more impressive changes compared to other wedding customs. In regard to ceremony and dining venue on a wedding, Taiwanese changed from using red sedan chair to rickshaws and then automobiles. The venue for the wedding ceremony had changed from the bridegroom’s main living room to public places like restaurants, public halls and shrines. Wedding dinner had shifted from the open square outside the house to other public places. Gradually certain formalities were completed a day or two earlier, like “Taking the Bride’s Tea” and “Bride Getting out to the Living Room”, “Brother in Law Visiting the Bridal Room” and “Visiting the Bride’s Own Family” etc. Although these various changes had been revealing themselves in the 1910s, they became much more obvious after 1920. And then in the same period of time, different degrees of change were seen in different regions, different tribal groups, and different socio-economic backgrounds. Although after 1920 (after the Japanese occupation), Taiwanese began to simplify their wedding customs in changes like westernization and the shortening of the wedding ceremonies, which was obvious especially in cities. Yet approximately the magnitude of change is not too big. However, no matter how it would change, in substance, the intrinsic essence of traditional wedding customs of Han Chinese remains intact.
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Yang, Chia-Hsien, and 楊佳嫻. "Garden on the Cliff：the Shanghai Literature Field under Japanese Occupation, 1942-1945." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23310050612604395872.
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Chen, Yun-Huei, and 陳泳惠. "Shih Cian during the Japanese occupation of the cause of social assistance." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09886442916568305948.
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碩士國立東華大學
臺灣文化學系
99
Shih Cian (1899-1944 AD) founded the “Ei Ei Liao” during Japanese occupation era and saved countless paupers and later gained the honorific title of “Father of the pauper”. Purpose of this thesis was to explore in the historical vein that Shih dedicated himself to the cause of social assistance. Through the archives and literature analyses as well as oral history, this thesis explored profiles like the life-time of Shih, the ideal of social assistance as well as his conducts and deeds, how to operate within the context of the crisis-prone Ei Ei Liao, its final turnaround and the social activity network, etc. This thesis started with the exposition on Shih’s background while growing up. Since Shih’s graduation from the Industrial training institute sponsored by Governor-General of Taiwan, Shih served as an employee at the commerce and industry section, aquaculture production bureau, Governor-General of Taiwan. During his employment, Shih was dispatched to Meng-Jia to proceed to detailed surveys. He witnessed the paupers roaming around in the streets and suffered immensely. At this moment, he decided to found a pauper saving and assisting institution, Ei Ei Liao and admitted and taught them so as to help them to live independently and eventually go back to the society. Shih recognized that the social cause was the cause of people defense thereby extinguishing the paupers would be the responsibility of the society as a whole. Thus, through writings, submitting writings to publication, making speeches, etc, Shih advocated the ideals of social assistance in addition to the establishment of pauper extinguishing association. And he acted as a locomotive to have all the philanthropic institutions throughout Taiwan to offer boarding and facilitate the extinguishing of paupers in Taiwan. Next, this thesis discussed the period when Shih was confronted with operation crises, how Shih managed to bring in governmental resources and regain all assistance so as to weather the hard time. Henceforth, Shih’s organization was brought into the social assistance system sponsored by government which allowed the wives of Shih, both the current and the divorced ones—Sie Si and Teruko Shimizu, who could use the loving and caring to operate Ei Ei Liao, and save more of the ones who suffered. Other than these, through media reporting like《Taiwan Rih Rih Sin Newspaper》, this thesis explored the beginning and the end for 「Incident of Shiau Fei Liau Jin」which stroke a severe blow to Shih. In addition this thesis also tried to understand the interpersonal relationships between Shih, Jhou He-yuan, Jhang Wei-sian and Inagaki Fujihei who shared the common cause with Shih. And this thesis also discussed the roles they assumed while operating Ei Ei Liao in addition to the formation of 「Lonely soul alliance」 entailing with researches on anarchism and the experiencing on thoughts of social reform. Lastly, this research unearthed the fact that Shih could delve deep inside the heart of pauper issue and point out the drawback of philanthropic assistances. His approach stemmed from the confluences of Chinese thoughts, Christian spirits and the theories and doctrines from both Kagawa Toyohiko and Nishida Tenkao, Shih also proposed the ideas of social assistance enterprise. In the social realization aspect, Shih independently inaugurated the Ei Ei Liao in addition to promotion for the transformation into the incorporated foundation, and formed pauper extinguishing association to act as the lead in bringing about all sectors in the society to offer philanthropic boarding. Moreover Shih advocated his ideas through writings and making speeches in addition to people enlightenment, accepting the medical authorization to receive patients with leprosy and mental illness. He also brought in government resources to assist the Ei Ei Liao operation as well as transformation, accepting invitations throughout the island in extinguishing the pauper. Shih finally could dedicate himself to social activities and social reform enterprises and write the most typical and influential chapter throughout his legendary life.
49
Lin, Hui-Chun, and 林慧君. "A study of important themes of the novel written by Japanese Writers in Taiwan during the Japanese Occupation Period." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61997452839569614036.
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博士淡江大學
中國文學系博士班
97
Many Japanese writers became active in the Taiwanese literary arena during the Japanese Occupation Period. This paper focuses on Japanese writers in Taiwan “literature written under the time and space in Taiwan”, and researches into Japanese writers’ individual and general feeling about colonized Taiwan and the similarities and differences regarding their descriptions of the colony, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the characteristic of Taiwanese literature during the Japanese Occupation Period. This paper focuses on the “Important themes of the novel written by Japanese Writers in Taiwan during the Japanese Occupation Period”. Japanese in Taiwan refer to literature creators who were born in Taiwan and those with Japanese nationality who were born in Japan but lived in Taiwan for a long period of time. These writers focused on new novels written in the Japanese language. Nonetheless, some writers only had short-term staying or traveling experience in Taiwan, but still published novels about the people, events, and things of Taiwan in Japan during the Japanese Occupation Period. These works are also worthy of discussion. This paper adopts literature analysis and text analysis, and collects magazines published during the Japanese Occupation Period such as “Taiwan Literature” (Taiwan Literature League), “Taiwanese New Literature”, “Literary Taiwan”, “The Literature of Taiwan”, “Taiwan Times”, “Taiwan News”, “Taiwan Public Opinion”, “Taiwan Railway”, “Taiwan Literature” (Taiwan Literature Association), “Taiwan Periodical”, “New Construction, “Taiwan New Post” and novels published during the Japanese Occupation Period. The original copies of these works are then read, analyzed, compared and 6 important themes of the novels by Japanese in Taiwan are constructed. Through the comparison and analysis of works by different authors, this paper explains and discusses the time feature of these novels and provides opinions from the aspect of anti-colonialism. For the Japanese writers in Taiwan, the meaning of “Taiwanese literature” is based on the role of Taiwan as a Japan’s “new territory” or “southward base” and therefore their works were under the constraint of colonial or imperial literature. The 6 important themes concluded by this research are also the important problems reflected by the writers. Involved Japanese writers in Taiwan lived in a closed colonial society who always maintained a sense of superiority as Japanese over the society and people in Taiwan. This sense of superiority limited their observation and understanding of Taiwanese people which indicated a sense of disrespect of colonial patriarchy society. T he aboriginals in Taiwan were forced to live a civilized life under the economic consideration of a colonial state. They were told to imitate Japanese culture, and later on forced to be silent and were prohibited from crossing the boundary which cause the break-out of “Wu-Shir Event” , leaving colonists doubtful about the real causes. “Taiwanese females” became the subject of colonists’ construction of Taiwanese; the Taiwanese females described by male writers were lack of self-awareness, away from the constraint of traditional code of ethics and did not have any doubts or struggles regarding their identity during royal citizen establishment. Such descriptions were educational but not faithful to the reality. Female writers, on the contrary, managed to break away from the constraint of colonial imagination and reflected the difficulties of colonizers in terms of self-identity from females’ point of view. The Japanese writers in Taiwan tried to lay a road of “real Japanese” ahead of colonizers. Nonetheless, both spiritual pedigree and blood merger still reflected the contradiction and fabrication of “treating all men alike” even if colonizers were already defined as royal citizens. As the war processed, the Japanese writers in Taiwan began to publish works related to war propaganda with the literary arena in Japan to respond to the policies of Taiwan Governor’ General. The studies and solutions to colony problems were therefore ignored. The Japanese government transformed its history of colonizing Taiwan through “historical novels” into a justified and modern natural process. The “literature written under the time and space in Taiwan” by the Japanese writers in Taiwan turned out to be the national state literature under the intervention of the government which became the mainstream literature containing no introspection or criticism. These novels were the tools of war propaganda, which failed to create new “foreign literature” and turned out to be marginalized works, losing its integrity just as Taiwan new literature that was lack of development. Such literature attitude of establishing “south literature” and “royal citizen literature” was doomed to fail to create works with historical reality value.
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WANG, WEI-HAN, and 王薇涵. "THE BEAUTY AND MAKE-UP OF WOMEN DURING THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF TAIWAN." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2cmkmt.
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