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1

MATTHIESSEN, SVEN. "Re-Orienting the Philippines: The KALIBAPI party and the application of Japanese Pan-Asianism, 1942–45." Modern Asian Studies 53, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 560–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000294.

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AbstractDuring their occupation of the Philippines from 1942 to 1945, the Japanese invaders aimed at making the archipelago become part of the so-called Greater East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere (GEACPS, Daitōa kyōeiken)—a self-sustaining economic bloc that should act as a bulwark against Western imperialism. The underlying philosophy of the GEACPS was pan-Asianism (Han Ajia-shugi)—an ideology that propagated the liberation and unity of all Asian peoples. In the Philippines, the Japanese administrators faced various problems with the implementation of this ideology. The strong impact of four centuries under Western colonial rule had created a mindset among many Filipinos that they themselves were Westerners and not Asians. Therefore, one of the main purposes of the new Japanese rulers was to change the attitude of the Philippine population and win the Filipinos over to the concept of the GEACPS. One means to this end was the dissolution of all political parties in the Philippines and replacing them with the Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas (KALIBAPI: lit., ‘Association for Service to the New Philippines’). The Japanese wanted to turn this association into a mass organization with the ultimate goal to create a mass movement towards the establishment of the ‘New Philippines’ among the population. In this article, I will discuss how the Japanese administrators used the KALIBAPI to adopt their pan-Asianism to Philippine circumstances, but also how the organization exemplifies the ultimate failure of Japanese pan-Asianism in the Philippines.
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2

Terami-Wada, Motoe. "Lt. Shigenobu Mochizuki and the New Philippine Cultural Institute." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 27, no. 1 (March 1996): 104–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400010717.

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This paper illustrates the Japanese cultural policy towards the Philippines through the example of the New Philippine Cultural Institute, an educational institution created by the Japanese military to inculcate the Filipino youth with patriotism and to nurture the future leaders of the “New Philippines”. This organization developed later into a volunteer army which showed determination to fight against the returning U.S. forces.
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3

Yuk-Wai, Li. "The Chinese Resistance Movement in the Philippines During the Japanese Occupation." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 23, no. 2 (September 1992): 308–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400006202.

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The Chinese community in the Philippines before the outbreak of the Pacific War was relatively small and homogeneous in comparison with those in other Southeast Asian countries. When the Japanese occupied the Philippine islands, they found a Chinese community of less than one per cent of the total population. This small alien group did not appear to be a serious threat to the Japanese authorities. However, during the three and a half years of Japanese occupation, the Chinese maintained several guerrilla groups, which formed part of the resistance movement in the Philippines.
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4

Yu Jose, Lydia N. "The Koreans in Second World War Philippines: Rumour and history." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 43, no. 2 (April 20, 2012): 324–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463412000082.

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‘Mas malupit ang mga Koreano kaysa mga Hapon’ is a rumour about Koreans in Second World War Philippines that has persisted to this day. A comparative, quantitative statement, it is roughly translated as ‘The Koreans committed more atrocities than the Japanese in Second World War Philippines’. This is a half-true memory: true, there were Koreans in the Philippines; false, they could not have committed more atrocities than the Japanese because there were very few of them, as archival evidence discussed in this article proves. If only the Koreans and their role in the war were properly discussed in Philippine textbooks, this rumour would not have persisted to this day.
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5

Odagiri, Takashi, Yoko Matsuzaki, Michiko Okamoto, Akira Suzuki, Mariko Saito, Raita Tamaki, Socorro P. Lupisan, Lydia T. Sombrero, Seiji Hongo, and Hitoshi Oshitani. "Isolation and Characterization of Influenza C Viruses in the Philippines and Japan." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 3 (December 31, 2014): 847–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02628-14.

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From November 2009 to December 2013 in the Philippines, 15 influenza C viruses were isolated, using MDCK cells, from specimens obtained from children with severe pneumonia and influenza-like illness (ILI). This is the first report of influenza C virus isolation in the Philippines. In addition, from January 2008 to December 2013, 7 influenza C viruses were isolated from specimens that were obtained from children with acute respiratory illness (ARI) in Sendai city, Japan. Antigenic analysis with monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) glycoprotein showed that 19 strains (12 from the Philippines and 7 from Japan) were similar to the influenza C virus reference strain C/Sao Paulo/378/82 (SP82). Phylogenetic analysis of the HE gene showed that the strains from the Philippines and Japan formed distinct clusters within an SP82-related lineage. The clusters that included the Philippine and Japanese strains were shown to have diverged from a common ancestor around 1993. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of the internal genes showed that all strains isolated in the Philippines and Japan had emerged through reassortment events. The composition of the internal genes of the Philippine strains was different from that of the Japanese strains, although all strains were classified into an SP82-related lineage by HE gene sequence analysis. These observations suggest that the influenza C viruses analyzed here had emerged through different reassortment events; however, the time and place at which the reassortment events occurred were not determined.
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6

Crisostomo, Lieza, Sachiyo Uenoyama, Kanae Sagisaka, and Akihiko Tomita. "Comparison of Astronomy school education curricula between Philippines and Japan." Revista Latino-Americana de Educação em Astronomia, no. 29 (September 29, 2020): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37156/relea/2020.29.087.

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As a case study for developing countries aiming at improving science and Astronomy school education, we compare the Philippine and Japanese school science curricula. The Philippines recently changed its national curriculum with a view of strengthening science education. Japan, on the other hand, already has a reputable national curriculum and continues to be one of the outstanding countries in science education. Likewise, higher education and informal Astronomy education of the two countries were reviewed for similarities and differences. The Philippine and Japanese National Curriculum Standards and government approved science books were used in the analysis of their respective Astronomy learning competencies. The findings show that the Astronomy-related topics in both countries are almost the same, but Filipino students have more time and exposure to Astronomy concepts compared to Japanese students. On the other hand, Japan is rich in student research presentation in high school. Japan offers more opportunities and facilities to students who would like to pursue both Astronomy education and research. It seems that these backgrounds are the basis for richer Astronomy research environment in Japan.
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7

José, Ricardo T. "War and Violence, History and Memory: The Philippine Experience of the Second World War." Asian Journal of Social Science 29, no. 3 (2001): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853101x00190.

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AbstractThe subject of War and Memory in the Philippines remains a sensitive topic in the Philippines today. Many controversial issues about the Second World War remain subjects of debate, among them collaboration with the Japanese; Japanese war responsibility; American responsibility for the failed defense of the Philippines, and others. In one sense, the war in the Philippines has left an ambiguous legacy which leads to conflicting war memories and commemorations, particularly in the light of present conditions and evolving relationships with the other countries involved.
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8

Ogaya, Chiho. "Intergenerational Exploitation of Filipino Women and Their Japanese Filipino Children: “Born out of place” Babies as New Cheap Labor in Japan." Critical Sociology 47, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920520935626.

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This paper focuses on the Japanese Filipino children as “born out of place” babies of migrant Filipino mothers and recent young migrant workers in Japan’s labor market. I present the unique position of Japanese Filipino children and their Filipino mothers as an example of intergenerational exploitation of migrants in Japanese society. The existence of Japanese Filipino children mirrors intersectional discrimination in Japanese society; they were born as a consequence of the inequality based on gender and ethnicity between the Philippines and Japan, then they were ignored by the Japanese state as “illegitimate” children, and now they their Filipino mothers have begun to be exploited as “unskilled labor” in Japan.
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9

Aguilos, Maribel B. "Japanese Ocean Governance: Lessons for the Philippines." Ocean Yearbook Online 16, no. 1 (2002): 35–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160002x00114.

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10

Yu-Jose, Lydia N. "World War II and the Japanese in the Prewar Philippines." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 27, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400010687.

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The prewar Japanese in the Philippines, the largest Japanese community in Southeast Asia, had humble beginnings. Due to their own efforts and support from the Japanese government, they rose economically and socially, only to lose everything at the end of the war.
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11

Kawashima, Midori. "The Records of the Former Japanese Army Concerning the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 27, no. 1 (March 1996): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400010729.

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One field of study which still remains unexplored in connection with the Japanese occupation is to examine the Japanese army's view of events by using Japanese military records. This paper gives an outline of records relating to the occupation of the Philippines found at the Military Archives of the National Institute for Defense Studies in Tokyo, and discusses their historical significance.
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12

Goodman, Grant K. "Aurelio Alvero: Traitor or Patriot?" Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 27, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400010705.

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Aurelio Alvero (1913–58) was a brilliant and complex Filipino intellectual who was found guilty of collaboration with Japan by the postwar Philippine People's Court and spent 1945–17 and 1950–52 in prison. An examination of his prewar and wartime activities leads to the conclusion that Alvero was neither a traitor nor a patriot but rather a romantic opportunist who saw the advent of the Japanese in the Philippines as potentially providing him with a previously unattained level of power and authority in his own society.
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13

Licuanan, Wilfredo Y., and Emmi B. Capili. "Range extensions of Japanese Scleractinia to the Philippines." Journal of the Japanese Coral Reef Society 2003, no. 5 (2003): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3755/jcrs.2003.63.

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14

Brook, Itzhak. "“The Laryngectomee Guide” Philippine Edition." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 35, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v35i2.1527.

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Dear Editor, I am happy to announce that “The Laryngectomee Guide” Philippine Edition is available now in paperback and eBook. The eBook is FREE. The translation from English to Tagalog was supervised by Professor Alfredo Pontejos Jr. from the University of the Philippines, Philippine General Hospital, Manila. The Guide provides practical information that can assist laryngectomees with medical, dental and psychological issues. It contains information about side effects of radiation and chemotherapy; methods of speaking; airway, stoma, and voice prosthesis care; eating and swallowing; medical, dental and psychological concerns; respiration; anesthesia; and travelling. The American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery made the English edition available for free download on their website: http://www.entnet.org/content/laryngectomee-guide The e-book of the Philippine version of the Guide is available free at: http://bit.ly/2ILzesc Paperback copies of the Guide are available at: http://bit.ly/39IDwvC The guide is also available in 20 additional languages - English, Russian, Turkish, Greek, Italian, Bulgarian, Romanian, Bosnian, Arabic, Spanish (4 styles), Portuguese, French, Persian (Farsi), Korean, Japanese, Indonesian and traditional and simplified Chinese: https://dribrook.blogspot.com/2018/08/the-laryngectomee-guide-is-available-in.html I hope that the Guide would be helpful to laryngectomees and their medical providers in the Philippines.
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15

Maddox, Kelly. "An Island of Killing and Slaughter: Anti-Guerrilla Warfare and Civilian-Targeted Violence in Panay, 1943." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 3 (August 28, 2019): 535–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009419843313.

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Between July and December 1943, Japanese forces in Panay, the Philippines, perpetrated large-scale and widespread atrocities that deliberately targeted the civilian populace of the island. Houses were burned, crops destroyed, livestock slaughtered, and thousands of civilians of all ages and genders were killed. These atrocities were employed strategically as part of an anti-guerrilla campaign designed to compel civilians to give up their support for a guerrilla resistance movement which had flourished in Panay since the surrender of USAFFE troops in May 1942. The conduct of Japanese troops during this campaign was a drastic departure from earlier anti-guerrilla efforts which had avoided attacks against the civilian population in favour of pacification policies. In this article, I draw on Japanese, Philippine and US sources to reconstruct the history of anti-guerrilla warfare and civilian-targeted violence in Panay, a case that has received limited scholarly attention, to build a more complete picture of the context in which Japanese strategy shifted so dramatically in 1943. I explore the circumstances in which Japanese commanders decided to employ violence against civilians and offer some insights into the factors that shaped the radicalisation of military strategy useful for understanding atrocities perpetrated by Japanese forces in other contexts.
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16

Ara, Satoshi. "Food supply problem in Leyte, Philippines, during the Japanese Occupation (1942–44)." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 39, no. 1 (December 11, 2007): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463408000039.

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AbstractThis article analyses the problem of food supply in Leyte, Philippines, during the Japanese occupation, which has not been studied in depth so far. It focuses on the interaction that took place among the Japanese occupying forces, anti-Japanese guerrilla groups, the Filipino collaborators, and the local residents over the procurement of foodstuffs. It also aims at clarifying the factors contributing to the disruption of the policy formulated by the Japanese and the Filipinos on the island. It is apparent in this study that the political and social characteristics in the province as well as the agricultural depression inherited from the American colonisation period brought about an outcome, which was different from the policy implemented in Manila.
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17

Nakai, Ai, Chie Imoto, Nobuyuki Miyai, Kazuko Yamada, and Ikuharu Morioka. "Health-promoting lifestyles of Japanese expatriates residing in the Philippines and Thailand." SAGE Open Medicine 7 (January 2019): 205031211988074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312119880747.

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Background: The number of Japanese expatriates has increased, many of whom undertake lifestyle changes to improve their health. Purpose: We aim to clarify the health-promoting lifestyles of middle and older age Japanese expatriates. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Participants comprised 95 long-term Japanese expatriates residing in popular destinations: the Philippines and Thailand. Health behavior was evaluated using a Japanese version of Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II and participants were compared with a group living in Japan. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the factors that correlate with the score of physical activity, a Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II subscale. Results: The expatriates had significantly higher scores of physical activity and nutrition than the group living in Japan. Factors positively related to physical activity were communicative literacy, information on health management before leaving Japan, no history of hypertension, and sufficient English proficiency. Conclusion: The Japanese expatriates we studied were physically active and were careful about nutrition. To further increase their physical activity, better access to health information and enhancement of communicative literacy and of English proficiency are desired.
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18

Coox, Alvin D., Ray C. Hunt, and Bernard Norling. "Behind Japanese Lines: An American Guerrilla in the Philippines." Journal of American History 75, no. 1 (June 1988): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1889775.

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19

Ryogo, ABE. "Gendered Labor Migration from the Philippines to Japan: Mapping “Philippine Pub Space” into the Japanese Context." Geographical review of Japan series B 81, no. 1 (2009): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4157/geogrevjapanb.81.68.

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20

Darmawan, Arief Bakhtiar. "Japan’s Balanced Strategy to Face China’s Threat in South China Sea Dispute." JURNAL ILMU SOSIAL 19, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jis.19.2.2020.137-159.

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This paper aims to analyze Japan’s foreign policy related to the dispute in the South China Sea (SCS). Even though Japan has no sovereignty claims, it has considerable interests in the SCS region. Japan, which is poor in natural resources, depends on energy imports, most of which are shipped through SCS. As an advanced industrial state, Japan must continue to meet domestic energy demand. However, the SCS area has a potential conflict due to Chinese assertive behavior as the main factor that could threaten Japanese interests. The author use qualitative method with relevant literature studies and official government documentation to conduct a descriptive analysis of the research findings. The results of the study indicate that Japan is implementing a balanced strategy to deal with the potential threat of China. Balancing against threats is conducted in internal ways, e.g. internal reinforcement, and external ways, e.g. forming and strengthening cooperation with other countries outside the United States (US). Since Japan's limitations in military aspect hindered their internal reinforcement, this study emphasizes Japan's external balance strategy. The increasingly dubious US commitment in the Asia Pacific has made Japan strengthen defense cooperation with Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam. The three countries have interest in SCS and provide access that conforms to Japanese interests.
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21

TAYLOR, ROBERT W. "Ants of the genus Lordomyrma Emery (2) The Japanese L. azumai (Santschi) and six new species from India, Viet Nam and the Philippines (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)." Zootaxa 3282, no. 1 (April 27, 2012): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3282.1.3.

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Lordomyrma is recorded for the first time from India and mainland southeast Asia. The Japanese L. azumai is reviewedand six new worker-based species described: L. lakshmi (Kerala State, India); L. hmong (Lao Cai Province, Vietnam); L.diwata, L. emarginata and L. idianale (Mt Isarog, Luzon, Philippines) and L. limatula (Leyte, Philippines). Gynes are characterized for L. azumai, L. hmong and L. limatula. All taxa are diagnosed, illustrated, and their affinities discussed.
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22

Hofileña, Josefina Dalupan. "Life in the Occupied Zone: One Negros Planter's Experience of War." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 27, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400010699.

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Throughout the Japanese occupation of the Visayan island of Negros in the central Philippines, two armed groups — the Japanese and the Negros guerrillas — sought to win the support and cooperation of the civilian population. The wartime experiences of Negros sugar planter Jose Gaston reveal, however, that this need to cultivate civilian support did not shield civilians from abuses by both sides.
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23

Lopez, Anna Lena, Josephine G. Aldaba, Vito G. Roque, Amado O. Tandoc, Ava Kristy Sy, Fe Esperanza Espino, Maricel DeQuiroz-Castro, Youngmee Jee, Maria Joyce Ducusin, and Kimberley K. Fox. "Epidemiology of Japanese Encephalitis in the Philippines: A Systematic Review." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 9, no. 3 (March 20, 2015): e0003630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003630.

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24

Terami, M. "Research Trends and Achievements of the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines." Southeast Asia: History and Culture, no. 23 (1994): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5512/sea.1994.96.

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25

Serizawa, Takamichi. "Japanese Solidarity Discourse on the Philippines during the Second World War." Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints 63, no. 1 (2015): 71–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/phs.2015.0001.

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26

Lopez, Anna Lena, Peter Francis Raguindin, Josephine G. Aldaba, Ferchito Avelino, Ava Kristy Sy, James D. Heffelfinger, and Maria Wilda T. Silva. "Epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis in the Philippines prior to routine immunization." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 102 (January 2021): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.061.

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27

Chen, I., S. Nishida, LS Chou, T. Isobe, AA Mignucci-Giannoni, and AR Hoelzel. "Population genetic diversity and historical dynamics of Fraser’s dolphins Lagenodelphis hosei." Marine Ecology Progress Series 643 (June 11, 2020): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13268.

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Marine organisms face relatively few barriers to gene flow, and yet even highly mobile species such as dolphins often show population structure over regional geographic scales. Understanding the processes that promote this pattern of differentiation helps us understand the evolutionary radiation of this group, and to promote more effective measures for conservation. Here we report the first population genetic study of Fraser’s dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei (Fraser, 1956), a species that was not recognized by the scientific communities until the early 1970s. We use 18 microsatellite DNA loci and 1 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) locus to compare 112 Fraser’s dolphins collected in various locations, mainly from the waters off Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines, but also including samples from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Our results indicate differentiation between populations in waters off Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines, and support the findings from earlier morphological assessments for differentiation between Japanese and Philippine waters. Small sample sets also show likely differentiation between other regions in the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. Moreover, neutrality tests and mismatch analysis based on mtDNA data indicate that the populations in the western North Pacific Ocean have expanded demographically and spatially, possibly since the latest global deglaciation, when sea levels and global temperatures started to rise.
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Suzuki, Nobue. "Carework and Migration: Japanese Perspectives on the Japan-Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 16, no. 3 (September 2007): 357–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680701600303.

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This paper details the context of the reception of Filipino careworkers under the Japan-Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement (JPEPA). Following the reduction in the deployment of Filipina/o entertainers in Japan since March 2005, the potential deployment of careworkers to Japan has generated much interest in the Philippines. However, many aspects of careworker migration are not well understood. The primary objective of this paper is thus to clarify the social conditions surrounding the JPEPA to better understand the various issues involved in carework in Japan. Towards this end, the paper discusses the following: the attempt of the state to reduce the costs of carework; state policies on foreign workers and the prospect of bringing in Filipino careworkers under the JPEPA; the responses of government institutions, medical and labor organizations to careworker migration; the process of careworker migration as provided in the JPEPA; and possibilities of cooperation between Filipinos already in Japan and incoming careworkers.
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29

Dingman, Roger. "The Diplomacy of Dependency: The Philippines and Peacemaking with Japan, 1945–52." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 17, no. 2 (September 1986): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400001077.

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Historians have examined the Japanese peace settlement of 1951 in a variety of ways. A few have treated it as an episode in the ongoing evolution of the structure of international relations in the Pacific and East Asia. Most have focused on the interaction between the principal victor, the United States, and vanquished Japan, weighing the negotiating successes and failures of each and assessing the impact of the settlement on subsequent Japanese-American relations. Recently still other historians have exploited newly available archival materials to analyze the role middle-range powers such as Australia and Britain played in shaping the 1951 peace treaty. While this research has revealed a great deal about the San Francisco peace settlement, it has left unexplored the part small powers played in a major restructuring of the Pacific/East Asian international order.
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Jotov, Milica. "Multinational corporate relations in Japanese company Toyota with overlook on cooperation with Philippines." Bastina, no. 53 (2021): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bastina31-29595.

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This paper aim is to consider the issue of the special management and production model developed at Toyota, and its contribution to the development of other economies in the world, with special reference to production in the Philippines. Japan was the first country in Asia to embark on a path of modernization and as such, became a model for the surrounding countries. The Philippines is one of the countries in the Asia-Pacific region that followed the path of change and adopted the Kaizen philosophy. Japan has influenced more widely, globally, all companies in the world that strive to conduct this way of doing business in their own environment. Toyota's business philosophy and the application of kaizen as a new model of corporate governance has become synonymous with quality corporate governance around the world and has influenced the establishment of new laws in the field of economy, culture and society, in a global context.
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31

Friedman, Hal M., and Frances B. Cogan. "Captured: The Japanese Internment of American Civilians in the Philippines, 1941-1945." Journal of American History 87, no. 4 (March 2001): 1562. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2674869.

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32

Seiger, Fiona-Katharina. "Consanguinity as capital in rights assertions: Japanese-Filipino children in the Philippines." Critical Asian Studies 49, no. 2 (March 16, 2017): 207–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2017.1298291.

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33

Amante, Maragtas SV. "Human resource management in Japanese enterprises in the Philippines: Issues and problems." Asia Pacific Journal of Management 10, no. 2 (October 1993): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01734281.

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34

Serizawa, Takamichi. "Translating Philippine history in America's shadow: Japanese reflections on the past and present during the Vietnam War." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 50, no. 2 (May 2019): 222–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463419000274.

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In the 1970s, during and right after the end of the Vietnam War, more works by Filipino writers, especially historians, were translated into Japanese than works by any other Southeast Asians. In Southeast Asia, it was in the Philippines that the Japanese and the American forces had fought their fiercest battles during the Second World War. The Japanese translators who translated prominent Filipino nationalist historians such as Gregorio Zaide, Teodoro Agoncillo and Renato Constantino, had personally experienced war, defeat, and postwar life under the US-led Allied occupation of Japan. This article compares the original texts of some of these key Filipino works and their Japanese translations, and examines the ‘noises’ produced in the process of translation. This noise includes strategies such as the deletion and addition of information, opinions, and deliberate misreadings. This article suggests that these strategies reveal the translators’ views on the past as well as their contemporary experience of postwar Japan against the background of the ongoing Vietnam War.
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35

Dukhoon Lee. "Adaptation and resistance of the overseas Chinese in the Philippines during Japanese occupation." Journal of Japanese Culture ll, no. 68 (February 2016): 355–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21481/jbunka..68.201602.355.

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36

永田 貴聖. "Japanese communities in the Philippines and new migrations to Japan, building new networks." Journal of Next-Generation Humanities and Social Sciences ll, no. 5 (March 2009): 152–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22538/jnghss.2009..5.152.

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37

Bloom, Lynn Z. "Captured: The Japanese Internment of American Civilians in the Philippines, 1941-1945 (review)." Biography 23, no. 3 (2000): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bio.2000.0019.

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38

Nuqui, Carmelita G. "International Migration, Citizenship, Identities and Cultures: Japanese-Filipino Children (JFC) in the Philippines." Gender, Technology and Development 12, no. 3 (January 2008): 483–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097185240901200310.

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39

Trefalt, Beatrice. "Hostages to International Relations? The Repatriation of Japanese War Criminals from the Philippines." Japanese Studies 31, no. 2 (September 2011): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2011.591778.

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40

YOSHIDA, Yoshikazu, and Virgilio ABELLANA. "Development of Human Resources in Regard to Japanese-Style Manufacturing in the Philippines." Journal of JSEE 63, no. 3 (2015): 3_93–3_98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4307/jsee.63.3_93.

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41

Pollmann, M. Erika. "Japan’s Security and Historical Revisionism: Explaining the Variation in Responses to and Impact of Textbook Controversies." Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 3, no. 3 (December 2016): 307–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347797016670704.

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This article builds on previous academic works to elucidate a theory as to how Japan’s historical revisionism could have a negative impact on Japan’s security. It then tests this theory by examining the impact that the 1982, 1986, 2001 and 2005 controversies had on Japan’s relationships with China, South Korea, Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam. It concludes that historical revisionism does not have a significant security impact, defined as audience states’ distancing themselves from Japan, diplomatically ‘soft’ balancing Japan, or militarily ‘hard’ balancing Japan. This research design is an improvement over previous works on this subject because it draws a clear distinction between reaction and impact. Even though it is ‘cheap’ to impute Japanese motives following an act of historical revisionism, it is ‘costly’ to act on such accusations by either distancing from Japan or balancing against Japan. This helps clarify what concerns– if any–Japan should have about the collateral damage arising from historical revisionism. Based on the empirical evidence examined, historical revisionism per se does not pose a serious problem to Japan because the most important determinant of how severe a controversy’s impact on Japan’s relationship with a given audience state is the pre-existing nature of Japan’s security and economic relationship with that state. The most significant consequence of revisionism is that it presents an opening for China—Japan’s main security rival in the region—to attempt to ‘soft’ balance Japan by rallying international opinion against Japan in such a way as to impede other Japanese diplomatic objectives.
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42

Fletcher, Angharad. "Sisters Behind the Wire: Reappraising Australian Military Nursing and Internment in the Pacific during World War II." Medical History 55, no. 3 (July 2011): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300005500.

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During the Second World War, approximately 3,500 Australian military nurses served in combat regions throughout the world. The vast majority were enlisted in the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS), but after the Japanese advance and the fall of Hong Kong (December 1941) and Singapore (February 1942), a significant number of these nurses spent three-and-a-half years as POWs in Indonesia, Hong Kong, Japan and the Philippines. To date, considerable research has been undertaken on POW experiences in Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand and Japan, albeit primarily focused on the testimonies of men and civilian women. This body of research utilises various methodologies, from Yuki Tanaka and Kei Ushimura's efforts to reconcile Japanese war crimes with the corruption of the Bushido ethic and sexual violence in contemporary Japanese society, to Christina Twomey's work on the imprisonment and repatriation of Dutch, Dutch–Eurasian and Australian civilian women and children. In the past fifteen years, historians have become aware of the need to recognise the multiplicity of these experiences, rather than continuing to focus on individual community, camp or regional case studies. Nurses are by no means absent from the discussion, although the majority of notable works on this subject focus on Hong Kong or the Philippines and adopt a descriptive and somewhat anecdotal approach. At the same time, scant critical attention has been paid to the internment of nurses in Indonesia despite a wealth of material kept in the Australian War Memorial (AWM) and National Archives of Australia (NAA).
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43

Inoue, Jun. "Healthcare: The case of Japan." Migration Letters 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2013): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v10i2.143.

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Japan requires all of the healthcare practitioners to be qualified by national examinations and to be fluent in Japanese. Consequently, the number of immigrant workers remains very low, although Japan is faced with staff shortage. Even under the special bilateral arrangement that allows nurses and certified care workers from Indonesia and Philippines to practice temporally, there are very few who passed the Japan’s national examination: it is difficult for them to read technical terms written in Japanese, especially written in Chinese characters (Kanji). In care subsector, where wage is lower than physicians and nurses and qualifications/licenses are not necessarily required, the number of employed foreign-born residents is rapidly increased. Some local governments have started to support them to complete language and care-work courses. These facts show that language support is necessary if Japan considers that matching local staff demands is important for competitiveness. If Japan considers that development of inbound and outbound business leads to competitiveness, it is necessary for Japan to introduce systematic efforts to bring up foreign-born staffs, but language fluency requirement is not necessary in accepting foreign-born workers.
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44

Ngan, Nguyen Thi, Nguyen Thi Diem Hien, and Hoang Trung Nghia. "The effects from the United States and Japan to emerging stock markets in Asia and Vietnam." Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management 3, no. 4 (February 9, 2020): 438–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v3i4.586.

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The subprime mortgage crisis in the United States (U.S.) in mid-2008 suggests that stock prices volatility do spillover from one market to another after international stock markets downturn. The purpose of this paper is to examine the magnitude of return and volatility spillovers from developed markets (the U.S. and Japan) to eight emerging equity markets (India, China, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand) and Vietnam. Employing a mean and volatility spillover model that deals with the U.S. and Japan shocks and day effects as exogenous variables in ARMA(1,1), GARCH(1,1) for Asian emerging markets, the study finds some interesting findings. Firstly, the day effect is present on six out of nine studied markets, except for the Indian, Taiwanese and Philippine. Secondly, the results of return spillover confirm significant spillover effects across the markets with different magnitudes. Specifically, the U.S. exerts a stronger influence on the Malaysian, Philippine and Vietnamese market compared with Japan. In contrast, Japan has a higher spillover effect on the Chinese, Indian, Korea, and Thailand than the U.S. For the Indonesian market, the return effect is equal. Finally, there is no evidence of a volatility effect of the U.S. and Japanese markets on the Asian emerging markets in this study.
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45

Inoue, Hiroshi, Renato U. Solidum, and Jr. "Special Issue on Enhancement of Earthquake and Volcano Monitoring and Effective Utilization of Disaster Mitigation Information in the Philippines." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0005.

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This special issue of JDR features 18 papers and reports on an international 2010 to 2015 cooperative project entitled gEnhancement of Earthquake and Volcano Monitoring and Effective Utilization of Disaster Mitigation Information in the Philippines.h This project is being conducted under the SATREPS program (Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development), cosponsored by the JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency) and JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency). The Philippines is one of the worldfs most earthquake and volcano disaster-prone countries because it is located along the active boundary between the Philippine Sea Plate and Eurasian Plate. Collisions by the two plates generate plate subductions and crustal stress that generates earthquakes and volcanic activities on the archipelago. The Philippines has experienced numerous disastrous earthquakes, the most recent being the 1990 M7.8 Luzon earthquake, which killed over 1,000 local residents. A damaging earthquake also occurred during this 5-year project, in October 2013, on Bohol Island, causing about 200 deaths when houses and other buildings collapsed. Volcanoes are another major killer in the Philippines. The largest in the last century was when the Taal volcano erupted in 1911, killing 1,300 by a base surge. The 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption is known as the largest volcanic event in the 20th century. The Mayon volcano is also known to be a beautiful but dangerous volcano that frequently erupts, causing lahars ? steaming moving fluid masses of volcanic debris and water ? that damaged villages at the foot of the mountain. The PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology), a governmental agency mandated to monitor earthquakes and volcanoes, provides earthquake and volcano information and alerts to the public. It also conducts research on the mechanisms behind such natural phenomena and on evaluating such hazards and risks. The PHIVOLCSfs other mission is educating people and society on being prepared for disasters. Earthquake and volcano bulletins and alerts, research output, and educational materials and training provided by PHIVOLCS have enriched knowledge and enhanced measures against disaster. The primary target of this SATREPS project is to enhance existing monitoring networks, whose equipment has been provided by Japanese ODA (Official Development Aid). Through the SATREPS project, we have introduced the latest technology to provide the public with more accurate information more quickly. This project also promotes research for deepening the understanding of earthquakes and volcano activities in better assessing hazard and risk. Project components, tasks, and main Japanese organizations are as follows: 1) Earthquake and tsunami monitoring, NIED 1-1) Advanced real-time earthquake source information, Nagoya University 1-2) Real-time seismic intensity network, NIED 1-3) Tsunami monitoring and forecasting, NIED, JMA 2) Evaluation of earthquake generation potential, Kyoto University 2-1) Campaign and continuous GPS observation, Kyoto University, GSI 2-2) Geological and geomorphological studies of earthquake faults, Kyoto University 3) Integrated real-time monitoring of the Taal and Mayon volcanoes, Nagoya University 3-1) Seismic and infrasonic observation, Nagoya University 3-2) Continuous GPS monitoring, Kyoto University 3-3) Electromagnetic monitoring, Tokai University 4) Provision of disaster mitigation information and promotion of utilization, NIED 4-1) Simple seismic diagnosis, NIED 4-2) Tsunami victims interview manga (comic book form) and DVD, NIED 4-3) Disaster information portal site, NIED <span style="font-size: xx-small;">*NIED: National Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention; JMA: Japan Meteorological Agency; GSI: Geospatial Information Authority of Japan</span> This issuefs first article by Melosantos et al., reports on results of installing a broadband seismometer network to provide seismic data used in the next two articles. Papers by Bonita and Punongbayan detail the results of SWIFT, a new earthquake source analysis system that automatically determines the location, size, and source mechanisms of moderate to large earthquakes. The report by Inoue et al. describes the development of the first instrumental intensity network system in the Philippines, followed by a report on its deployment and observation by Lasala et al. The article by Igarashi et al. describes the development of a tsunami simulation database for a local tsunami warning system in the Philippines. The next five papers represent the 2) Earthquake Generation Potential project component. Ohkura et al. detail the results of campaign GPS observations on Mindanao Island, which first delineated the detailed plate movement and internal deformation of Mindanao. Tobita et al. report the results of the first continuous GPS observations across the Philippine Fault. The next three papers describe the results of geological and geomorphological studies of the Philippine Fault on Mindanao Island by Perez et al., the 1973 Ragay Gulf Earthquake by Tsutsumi, and submarine mapping of the Philippine Fault by Yasuda et al.. These results provide insights on the recurrence and sizes of large damaging earthquakes in different areas. An electromagnetic study of the Taal volcano reported by Alanis et al. and the GPS monitoring of the Mayon volcano detailed by Takagi et al. are a part of intensive studies of these two volcanoes. Scientific research results were published in advance in other international journals by the research group concerning 3) Integrated Real-Time Volcano Monitoring of the Taal and Mayon Volcanoes. Real-time information on these volcanoes are telemetered to Manila and checked regularly as a part of standard operational procedures. Real-time earthquake and tsunami information by 1) Earthquake and Tsunami Monitoring has already been implemented in the monitoring system. The last five papers and reports cover results for 4) Provision of Disaster Mitigation Information and Promotion of Utilization. Imai et al. report on a full-scale shaking table test of typical residential Philippines houses made of hollow concrete blocks. They demonstrate the importance of following building codes. A paper by Imai et al. introduces simple seismic diagnosis for masonry houses as a practical tool for raising peoplefs awareness of housing vulnerability to earthquakes. Salcedo et al. report a dissemination strategy for the practical tools. The last two papers, by Villegas, report on video interviews made with Philippino tsunami survivors in the Tohoku area following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. The results are compiled and selected stories published in comic-book form as easy-to-understand educational materials on tsunami disaster awareness. Information on earthquakes and volcanoes provided by the enhanced monitoring system, research output, and educational materials obtained through the SATREPS project are provided to stakeholders to enhance measures against disasters at various levels and in different timeframes. Readers of this special issue can reference information through a newly established SATREPS project portal site, the PHIVOLCS Disaster Information Portal, at <a href="http://satreps.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/">http://satreps.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/</a>. It can also be accessed from the PHIVOLCS web page at <a href="http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/">http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/</a>. Finally, I extend my sincere thanks to all authors and reviewers involved in this special issue.
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46

Ward, James Mace. "Legitimate Collaboration: The Administration of Santo Tomáás Internment Camp and Its Histories, 1942––2003." Pacific Historical Review 77, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 159–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2008.77.2.159.

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During World War II the Japanese Imperial Army concentrated several thousand Allied civilians at the Santo Tomáás Internment Camp in Manila, the Philippines. Internee and Japanese administrators subsequently collaborated extensively to run the camp. Since its liberation in 1945, however, the camp's English-language historians have tended to tell the camp experience as a resistance story. This article explores both the history of the camp and its historiography through archival and published sources. It argues that the tendency to recast collaboration into resistance stems from an understanding of collaboration as inherently illegitimate. By conceiving of collaboration as a behavioral category within which lies a spectrum of moral and political legitimacy, the historian can work against this inclination to misunderstand the past.
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47

Lonsdale, Owen, and Stephen A. Marshall. "Revision of the genus Phylloclusia (Diptera: Clusiidae: Clusiinae)." Canadian Entomologist 139, no. 6 (December 2007): 778–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n06-049.

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AbstractThe Oriental clusiine genus Phylloclusia Hendel, 1913 is redefined and revised, with four new species (P. hendelisp. nov., P. darlingisp. nov., P. nigroscutellumsp. nov., and P. lanceolasp. nov.) described from Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Phylloclusia is established as the sister genus to the Japanese, Afrotropical, and Australian Tetrameringia McAlpine, 1960 on the basis of newly recognized male and female genitalic synapomorphies. An identification key and illustrations for the six species of Phylloclusia are provided.
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48

Vodicka, Elisabeth, Marita Zimmermann, Anna Lena Lopez, Maria Wilda Silva, Leonita Gorgolon, Toda Kohei, Jessica Mooney, Farzana Muhib, Clint Pecenka, and Anthony A. Marfin. "Japanese encephalitis vaccination in the Philippines: A cost-effectiveness analysis comparing alternative delivery strategies." Vaccine 38, no. 13 (March 2020): 2833–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.018.

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49

SOO, SIEW-CHOO, and CHEE-KEONG CHOONG. "AN EMERGENCE OF A COMMON CURRENCY AREA IN THE SELECTED EAST ASIAN ECONOMIES: A REVISIT." Singapore Economic Review 55, no. 02 (June 2010): 353–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590810003778.

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The study attempts to re-investigate the possibility of emergence of a single currency area in East Asian (EA) countries by comparing both pre- and post-financial crisis periods. Using variance decomposition and impulse analyses, we investigated whether the selected EA economies — Hong Kong, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore — are heavily segmented or instead integrated by focusing on the three different shocks, namely global-, regional-, and country-specific shocks. This paper finds that most economies could be described as heavily segmented, especially during the pre-crisis period (before July 1997). However, over time, the degree of segmentation experienced by some of these economies has declined significantly, particularly that of Hong Kong, Korea, and Singapore. The analyses also indicate that few economies, especially Indonesia and the Philippines, are being influenced by the performance of the Japanese economic growth to a greater extent than they were previously.
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50

Harrel, John S. "San Diego, Guardian of the American Pacific." Southern California Quarterly 95, no. 1 (2013): 47–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2013.95.1.47.

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San Diego did not easily become the home port of America’s Pacific fleet. It was two decades after the US acquisition of the Philippines, Guam, and Hawai‘i before a combination of imperialist naval strategy, Japanese expansionism, the Great White Fleet, unrest in Mexico and Central America, the completion of the Panama Canal, the Panama-California Exposition, a supportive congressman, and energetic civic leadership coalesced on the issue. Together, these factors led to the establishment of major naval facilities in this southern California city.
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