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Trott, Daniel. "Tense and aspect in Old Japanese." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:127733e2-fc21-460f-afab-f19f6d4b373a.
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This thesis analyses the nine main tense–aspect constructions in Old Japanese in more detail than ever before, exploiting the research possibilities created by the Oxford Corpus of Old Japanese. The commitment to close textual reading and the interpretation of examples in context that is characteristic of traditional Japanese scholarship is combined with a determination to explain the distributional data revealed by the Corpus. Large samples are used to produce quantitative semantic analyses, allowing a new perspective on multifunctional constructions from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. All findings are placed within the wider perspective of cross-linguistic studies of tense and aspect, an approach often missing in Old Japanese scholarship. This thesis is the most comprehensive analysis of Old Japanese tense and aspect to date. Some traditional conclusions are challenged, and light is shed on many previously unexplained phenomena. Resultative constructions are discovered to be even more pervasive in Japanese than previously thought, with at least five of the nine con-structions I look at hypothesized to have begun as resultative constructions. In most cases these constructions have broadened to also denote ongoing activities, another characteristic of Japanese. This thesis thereby contributes to the cross-linguistic understanding of resultative constructions, and to the question of the validity and nature of the distinction between activities and states. It also shows the potential of an exemplar-based model of linguistic storage, which is seen to be a powerful tool for explaining both the multifunctionality of grammatical constructions and semantic change.
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Bruno, Annabelle T. "THE SEMANTIC NATURE OF TENSE AMBIGUITY: RESOLVING TENSE AND ASPECT IN JAPANESE PHRASAL CONSTRUCTIONS." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/24.
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The nature of tense in classical Japanese is vague and uncertain, sometimes appearing to be interpretable by combinations of particular verbs with specific verbal auxiliaries and sometimes appearing to be absent altogether. The present study introduces a series of these so-called tense-bearing auxiliaries in classical Japanese while attempting to show that their use can be ambiguous based on the contexts in which they appear. The notions of context driven semantic formalism are explored as a possible means to derive truth from these utterances that seem otherwise tenseless when taken out of context. To accomplish this, time and tense are given very specific meaning and definition and thereafter explored in the context of both modern and classical Japanese.
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Inoue, Yumi. "Acquisition of Japanese tense and aspect by Cantonese speakers." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20002907.
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Ananth, Priya. "Acquisition of tense and aspect in Toki 'when' clauses in Japanese as a second/foreign language." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1187208767.
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Shibata, Miki. "Comparing lexical aspect and narrative discourse in second language learners' tense-aspect morphology: A cross sectional study of Japanese as a second language." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284122.
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The current study has attempted to answer the question whether there is an interaction between the Aspect Hypothesis and the Discourse Hypothesis by investigating the use of Japanese tense-aspect morphology by native speakers of English learning Japanese as L2. These two hypotheses were argued for independently in previous studies, but never consolidated to account for the distributional pattern of L2 tense-aspect morphology. The Aspect Hypothesis claims that the L1 and L2 learners initially mark lexical aspect of the verbs with tense-aspect morphology; they tend to associate past with achievement verbs and progressive with activity verbs. On the other hand, according to the Discourse Hypothesis, the learners use the tense-aspect morphology to distinguish grounding; they tend to mark foreground with past more frequently than background. The current research used two methods: a multiple-choice task and a storytelling task. The former task was referred to as Study 1. The use of tense-aspect morphology in the story-telling task was analyzed in terms of lexical aspect, referred to as Study 2 and grounding, referred to as Study 3. Study 1 and Study 2 examined whether the use of tense-aspect morphology is different in obligatory contexts and in narrative discourse. The results of Study 1 supported the Aspect Hypothesis; L2 learners initially associated past inflection with achievement verbs and tended to mark the process encoded in activity and accomplishment verbs with present durative. The results of Study 2 supported the Aspect Hypothesis as regards the association of activity verbs and present durative. However, the frequent marking of past on achievement verbs across the proficiency levels suggest that the textual function of tense-aspect morphology plays a role in narrative discourse. Study 3 argued that the Japanese tense-aspect morphology weakly mark grounding. Finally, I claimed that the Aspect Hypothesis and the Discourse Hypothesis account for the different acquisition stages of the L2 tense-aspect system. There is a time lag among the tense-aspect morphemes in the process of acquisition; past marking functions as the temporal and textual device in narrative discourse at the relatively early stage while present durative remains as the marker of lexical aspect.
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Hård, Arthur. "The Past Tenses of Early Middle Japanese." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Japanska, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-29462.
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Early Middle Japanese is one of the oldest attested stages of Japanese. Its rich legacy consists of several literary works from the Heian era (7 th to 11 th centuries), some of which are still appreciated and widely read today. Despite a long tradition of research both within and outside Japan, quite a few details of the language remain incompletely understood. The present study addresses a long-standing question in the verbal domain of Early Middle Japanese, namely the semantics of the two so-called “past tenses” in -ki and -ker-. I tested the major hypotheses regarding their use by means of qualitative, corpus-based methods. Specifically, I trained a machine learning algorithm to predict which is likeliest of -ki and -ker- given a set of grammatical and semantic variables. Analysis of the results indicates that the suffixes likely embody a contrast between witnessed and non-witnessed past tense. It is also possible that mirativity—the grammaticalized expression of surprise at learning something unexpected—and aspect influence the choice of past tense suffix.
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Zegarac, Vladimir. "Tense, aspect and relevance." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1991. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349786/.
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The main aim of this thesis is to consider some consequences of the relevance theory of Sperber and Wilson (1986) for explaining a number of phenomena relating to verbal aspect. Chapter one introduces some basic notions relating to aspect and illustrates the interaction of aspect and tense and gives an outline of the main tenets of relevance theory. Chapter two considers the aspectual categories (simple-progressive) of English and (perfective-imperfective) of Serbo- Croat in relation to each other, and also in relation to the the classification of verbs according to the situation types they denote. Problems of defining the aspectual categories of these two languages are examined, and the suggestion is put forward that relevance theory provides the framework which makes it possible to maintain a fairly austere semantics of aspectual categories as well as to explain aspectual choice. Chapter three examines the treatment of aspectual categories in terms of subjectivity. It is argued that speakers' intuitions about the aspectual categories being expressive of subjectivity can be explained pragmatically, in terms of the notions of loose use and interpretive use. In Chapter four, I argue that in addition to the feature of completion, the semantics of aspectual categories of both English and Serbo-Croat needs to be characterised in terms of reference to particular events instantiating the property denoted by the predicate. I show how this assumption makes it possible to explain a number of uses of the English progressive. I then proceed to argue that the progressive of English and the perfective of Serbo-Croat differ with regard to completion but that they both point indexically, as it were, to a particular event instantiating the property denoted by the predicate. This assumption is shown to be crucial in explaining aspectual choice in the two languages. Although the data discussed are drawn solely from English and Serbo-Croat, the central ideas presented should carry over to Slavonic languages in general. Chapter five looks at situation type aspect in the light of Sperber and Wilson's (1986) view that conceptual information is stored in three types of entries. It is shown that the difference in the behaviour of verbs which intuitively seems to correlate with dynamicness and stativity, is best explained in terms of a three-way distinction determined by meaning postulate-like rules in the logical entries of concepts for individual verbs. I also give evidence in support of the view that accomplishment VPs fall into two classes depending on whether or not they grammaticalise completion, and I show that the grammaticalisation of completion in some predicates of this type is pragmatically explained.
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Moens, Marc. "Tense, aspect and temporal reference." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6618.
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English exhibits a rich apparatus of tense, aspect, time adverbials and other expressions that can be used to order states of affairs with respect to each other, or to locate them at a point in time with respect to the moment of speech. Ideally one would want a semantics for these expressions to demonstrate that an orderly relationship exists between any one expression and the meanings it conveys. Yet most existing linguistic and formal semantic accounts leave something to be desired in this respect, describing natural language temporal categories as being full of ambiguities and indetenninacies, apparently escaping a uniform semantic description. It will be argued that this anomaly stems from the assumption that the semantics of these expressions is directly related to the linear conception of time familiar from temporal logic or physics - an assumption which can be seen to underly most of the current work on tense and aspect. According to these theories, the cognitive work involved in the processing of temporal discourse consists of the ordering of events as points or intervals on a time line or a set of time lines. There are, however, good reasons for wondering whether this time concept really is the one that our linguistic categories are most directly related to; it will be argued that a semantics of temporally referring expressions and a theory of their use in defining the temporal relations of events require a different and more complex structure underlying the meaning representations than is commonly assumed. A semantics will be developed, based on the assumption that categories like tense, aspect, aspectual adverbials and propositions refer to a mental representation of events that is structured on other than purely temporal principles, and to which the notion of a nucleus or consequentially related sequence of preparatory process, goal event and consequent state is central. It will be argued that the identification of the correct ontology is a logical preliminary to the choice of any particular formal representation scheme, as well as being essential in the design of natural language front-ends for temporal databases. It will be shown how the ontology developed here can be implemented in a database that contains time-related information about events and that is to be queried by means of natural language utterances.
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Mbom, Bertrade B. "Tense and aspect in Basaa." Thesis, University of Essex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277846.
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HIRATA, KAYOKO. "TEMPORAL PROPERTIES IN JAPANESE (TENSE, CONDITIONALS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184065.
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This dissertation is concerned with the relationship between morphological tense forms of Japanese, such as (r)u ("non-past") and ta ("past"), and their temporal interpretation. The goal of the research reported here is to establish a simple overall theory. The analysis focuses on the following sentence types: simple sentences, complex sentences (without conditional sentences), conditional complex sentences and sentences with an embedded clause. We will show here a few examples of problems as to temporal interpretations. In simple sentences, there are cases such as (1), which deviate from the norm of "normal" interpretation. Sentence (1) (with the “past” form of ta) can be uttered felicitously even in a situation where the bus in question has not yet arrived. (1)Busu ga ki-ta! Bus nom come-ta ‘The bus is coming.’ Or ‘The bus has come.’ In complex sentences, the antecedent clause in sentences with toki 'when', can take either (r)u or ta forms in sentence (2), while it cannot take the ta form in sentence 93), although the antecedent clauses in both sentences are interpreted as non-past. (2) Kondo a-u/at-ta toki, hanashi-ma-su. Next-time see-(r)u/see-ta toki talk-polite-(r)u ‘Next time when (I) see (you), (I) will tell (it to you).’ (3)Yuushoku o su-ru/*shi-ta toki, biiru o nom-u. supper acc do-(r)u/do-ta toki beer acc drink-(r)u ‘When (I) take supper, (I) will drink beer.’ In regard to conditional complex sentences, there can be a problem interpreting ta, as in hypothetical sentence (4) below. The ta of the consequent clause in example (4) cannot be evaluated (interpreted) as being the same as the ta in example (5) where we have an indicative sentence. (4) Taroo wa benkyoo shi-ta ra, shaken ni pasu shi-ta (no ni). Taro top study do-ta ra exam in pass do-ta (SFP-‘wishing’) ‘Had Taro studied, he should/would have passed the exam.’ (5) Taroo wa shiken ni pasu shi-ta. ‘Taro passed the exam.’ In this account the morphemes (r)u and ta will be associated with a single interpretation. Therefore, the difference between (2) and (3) will be attributed to two distinct modes of composition. In order to solve the problem of simple sentences wuch as (1) (which deviate from the norm of "normal interpretations"), a pragmatic (contextual) approach will be introduced. In regard to conditional sentences, interpretations will be classified on the basis of truth relations and temporal interpretations of antecedent and consequent. In order to treat the range of observed truth relations, a model of time and worlds will be introduced. In summary, in order to solve the problematic phenomena of relationships between the tense forms and their interpretations, the following approaches will be taken: (i) Use of a time model; (ii) Analysis of lexical properties; (iii) Sentence composition; (iv) Contextual analysis for pragmatic aspects.
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Cheah, D. S. L. "Interlanguage variability in verb tense/aspect." Thesis, Aston University, 1993. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10300/.
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This thesis presents a study of interlanguage variability in the use of three tense/aspect forms: the simple present, simple past, and the present perfect. The need for research in this area comes from the problems encountered in the classroom. Language performance in one task sometimes does not reflect that in another. How and why this ocurrs is what this thesis aims to discover. A preliminary study explores the viability of using the Labovian variable model to elicit and explain variability. Difficulties highlight problems which help refine the methodology used in the main study. A review of past research point the direction in which this study should go. Armed with a sample of 17 Chinese Singaporean university students, whose first language is Chinese or a dialect of Chinese, the investigation began with the elicitation of variability to be found in four tasks. Using the attention-to-speech framework, these four tasks are designed to reflect varying degrees of required attention to language form. The results show that there is variability in the use of tense/aspect in all the tasks. However, the framework on which the tasks are based cannot explain the variability pattern. Further analyses of contextual factors, primarily pragmatic ones, point to a complex interplay of factors affecting the variability found in the results.
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Toews, Carmela Irene Penner. "Topics in Siamou tense and aspect." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52844.
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This dissertation examines the syntax and semantics of tense and aspect in Siamou (Niger-Congo, Kru), a language of Burkina Faso. Its purpose is twofold. First, it provides a description of the tense/aspect system of Siamou; to date, this part of the grammar has not been systematically investigated. Second, it tests and sharpens formal syntactic and semantic tools relating to tense and aspect on Siamou data. It shows that applying standard analyses to a previously unanalyzed tense/aspect system is effective. For example, existing tests for perfective and imperfective aspect are able to diagnose two of Siamou's aspectual morphemes. However, it also points out some key areas that need work, including how Siamou past tense implicatures arise, and what kind of modality Siamou future expressions encode.
Chapter 1 provides background information on tense and aspect, describes the methodology used, and introduces topics covered in this dissertation. Chapter 2 provides an overview of properties of Siamou that are relevant to the description and analysis of tense and aspect in this language. Chapter 3, which is a morpho-syntactic description and analysis of the Siamou aspectual phrase, establishes that Siamou has a set of six aspectual suffixes that partition into three tonal classes: a low tone class, which includes -L, -è, and -ɲɛ̀n, a mid tone class, which includes -n and -a, and a high-low tone class, which includes -bɛ̂. This is followed by a theoretical chapter which develops a set of semantic diagnostics for perfective and imperfective aspect. Chapter 5 uses those diagnostics to show that one of the aspectual markers, the low tone suffix, encodes perfective aspect while another, the mid tone nasal consonant suffix, encodes imperfective aspect. Chapter 6 investigates the semantics of the right-edge particle ín, and argues that its primary meaning is past tense. I show that this particle also gives rise to a number of implicatures that are consistent with its primary meaning. Finally, chapter 7 examines Siamou's future expressions (ri. . .-a, bè. . .-a, and bè. . .-bɛ̂). I show that the future meaning makes use of three syntactic positions: finiteness, modality, and prospective aspect.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Linguistics, Department of<br>Graduate
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Makihara, Hideo. "On the past tense in Japanese relative clauses /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8380.
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Rodriguez, Joshua P. "Interpreting the Spanish imperfecto issues of aspect, modality, tense, and sequence of tense /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1092069764.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 206 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-206).
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Ahmad, Mahmoud Fathulla. "The tense and aspect system in Kurdish." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415043.
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Ejele, Philomena Ekeikhomen. "Transitivity, tense and aspect in Esan (Ishan)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338129.
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Xydopoulos, Georgios Ioannis. "Tense, aspect and adverbials in modern Greek." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338925.
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Song, Jae-Mog. "Tense, aspect and modality in Khalkha Mongolian." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1997. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28902/.
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This thesis investigates from a typological perspective the semantic and pragmatic functions of the grammatical markers of tense, aspect, and modality in Khalkha Mongolian. Chapter 2 surveys general theories of tense, aspect, and modality and gives a semantic characterization of the major categories. Chapter 3 introduces some distinguishing grammatical properties of the Mongolian grammatical markers discussed in the thesis, with their taxonomic classification. In Chapter 4, we characterize the so-called indicative suffixes as denoting a past/non-past opposition: Past (-laa, -v, -jee) and Non-Past (-na). We also propose that the three Past suffixes are different in evidentiality: -laa (Direct Knowledge Past), -jee (Indirect Knowledge Past), -V (Neutral Past). Chapter 5 looks at the so-called verbal noun suffixes. Unlike the indicative suffixes, the verbal noun suffixes mainly encode aspectual and modal distinctions: perfective/imperfective and realis/irrealis. The Perfective -san indicates that a situation is completed, whereas the Imperfective -aa expresses a durative or resultative meaning. Mongolian also has a Habitual aspect, expressed by -dag. All these three verbal noun suffixes are differentiated from the Irrealis -x in that the former basically represent a situation which has occurred already or is taking place at the reference time, whereas the latter describes a situation which is not yet realised. Tense, aspect, and modality are expressed not only by verbal suffixes but also by some periphrastic expressions in Mongolian. Chapter 6 discusses the most common of them, the Progressive construction -j bai-. Several interesting theoretical issues arise in connection with the tense, aspect, and modality categories. Telic situations can be divided into two different types, depending on whether the situation covers the state resulting from the completion of a situation or not. This distinction seems to be responsible for the ambiguity between a processive and a resultative reading in the Progressive. It is suggested that a similar distinction may be found in the perfective, between (i) the inclusive perfective and (ii) the exclusive perfective. The Mongolian Perfective -san belongs to the former. It is generally agreed that tense, aspect, and modality are closely related to each other and that the boundaries between them are not always clear-cut. This is once again confirmed in the study of Mongolian. The Mongolian indicative suffixes, whose main function is to mark tense, carry additional aspectual or modal meanings, and the verbal noun suffixes, whose main function is aspectual and modal, also carry temporal meanings. It is also observed that the evidential difference in the Past suffixes has different temporal implications.
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Taha, Iman. "The acquisition of grammatical tense/aspect distinctions and tense/aspect morphemes in L2 English by native speakers of Syrian Arabic." Thesis, University of Essex, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625451.
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Previous research has shown that even highly proficient second language (L2) learners who have acquired the L2 beyond a hypothesized critical period tend to use forms of the target language optionally where they are obligatory for native speakers. Lardiere (2000, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009) has recently addressed issues of morphological competence, arguing that the learning task of the language learner goes far beyond the simplistic selection of features from a universal feature inventory provided by Universal Grammar to a more complicated task by having to assemble or map features into new formal configurations in the L2. This claim is tested in this study through the investigation of the acquisition of properties of the functional categories of Tense and Aspect where the L I and L2 differ in their realisation of the properties under study. It is believed that combining the logic of feature re-assembly together with a theoretical account of universals of tense/aspect interpretations could offer explanatory insights into the nature and course of L2 acquisition. A total of 60 classroom-instructed Syrian learners of L2 English and 10 native speaker controls participated in this study and were tested on their knowledge of the simple past, present perfect and simple present at three proficiency levels: lower-intermediate, higher intermediate and advanced. A tense/aspect interpretation task, a gap filling task and a proficiency test were administered in order to collect the data relevant to the tested properties. Results indicate a significant effect for L I transfer as learners approach the learning challenge from the standpoint of how form-meaning associations are instantiated in their LI grammar. Properties involving straightforward mapping between the LI and L2 values proved to be easier to acquire than properties that are differently represented in the L 1 and L2 and hence re-structuring is required. Variability across comprehension and production, and across tasks, is detected for less-proficient L2 learners. It is proposed that a UG-based account can offer testable predictions about the acquisitional process where morphological variability is situated at the mapping/re-mapping level and processing pressure is a determining factor for target-like attainment especially in production.
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Vander, Klok Jozina. "Tense, aspect, and modal markers in Paciran Javanese." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114342.
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This dissertation examines a number of syntactic and semantic aspects of the full set of TAM (tense-aspect-modal) markers in the dialect of Paciran Javanese (Western Malayo-Polynesian, Austronesian), spoken in East Java, Indonesia.First, I identify the inventory of TAM markers in Paciran Javanese and determine their grammatical category. Specifically, I show that there is a set of adverbs (koyoke, ketoke, jekene 'direct.evidential', watake, bonake 'indirect.evidential', mesthine 'EPIST.should', kudune 'ought', paleng 'maybe', mesthi 'EPIST.must') as well as a set of auxiliaries (kudu 'DEONT.must', lagek 'PROG', ape 'FUT', wes 'PERF', tau 'EXP.PERF', oleh 'allow', iso 'can'). Furthermore, I establish that TAM markers individually observe a strict relative order in Paciran Javanese beyond the observation that TAM adverbs > TAM auxiliaries, maintaining the proposal for a universal hierarchy of TAM projections as in Cinque (1999). Investigating the order in Paciran Javanese provides insight in particular into the syntactic position of root modal projections, left open in Cinque (1999): the necessity root modal projection must be separated from the possibility projection by a low aspectual projection. Second, I focus on the syntax of the set of TAM auxiliaries in Paciran Javanese. I show that three different constructions of (i) VP-topicalization, (ii) subject-auxiliary answers to yes-no questions, and (ii) auxiliary fronting in yes-no questions all partition the set of TAM auxiliaries into the same two groups. As well, I present the unique properties of each of these syntactic constructions in Paciran Javanese. In my analysis of each construction within the Minimalist framework (Chomsky 1995), I propose that an intermediate complementizer-like projection serving as a phase edge above vP mediates the partition of two sets of TAM auxiliaries in all three constructions despite their different properties. Third, I establish the lexical specification of the modal system in Paciran Javanese based on results from a variety of fieldwork methods such as a modal questionnaire that I designed, storyboards (totemfieldstoryboards.org), elicitation and interviews. I find that many modals such as oleh 'allow', iso 'can', mesthi 'EPIST.must' in Paciran Javanese lexically specify for both the modal force (possibility vs. necessity) and the type of modality (e.g. epistemic, based on the available evidence; deontic, based on a body of rules and regulations; etc.). I show that other modals only lexically specify for the modal force, but not for the type of modality: for instance, kudu can only have necessity force, but allows for all root modal interpretations.<br>Cette dissertation examine plusieurs aspects syntaxiques et sémantiques d'un groupe de marqueurs de TAM (temps–aspect–modalité) du dialecte javanais de Paciran (Malayo-polynésien occidental, Austronésien), parlé à l'est de Java, Indonésie.Premièrement, j'identifie l'inventaire des mots TAM en javanais du Paciran et je détermine leur catégorie grammaticale. Spécifiquement, je démontre qu'il y a un groupe d'adverbes (koyoke, ketoke, jekene 'DIR.connu', watake, bonake 'INDIR.connu', mesthine 'EPIST.devrait', kudune 'DEONT.devrait', paleng 'peut-être', mesthi 'EPIST.doit') ainsi qu'un groupe d'auxiliaires (kudu 'DEONT.doit', lagek 'PROG', ape 'FUT', wes 'PARF', tau 'EXP.PARF', oleh 'permet', iso 'CIRC.peut'). De plus, j'établie que chacun des marqueurs TAM observe un ordre relatif strict en javanais du Paciran au delà de l'observation que les adverbes > auxiliaires TAM, en conformité avec la proposition de Cinque (1999) pour une hiérarchie universelle des projections fonctionnelles TAM. L'investigation sur l'ordre des mots TAM en javanais du Paciran avance la recherche en particulier sur la position syntaxique des projections modales de racine, que Cinque (1999) n'a pas abordée: la projection de la modalité universelle de racine doit être séparée de la projection de la modalité existentielle de racine par une projection d'aspect. Deuxièmement, je me concentre sur la syntaxe des marqueurs TAM auxiliaires du javanais du Paciran. Je montre que trois constructions différents, (i) la topicalization du syntagme VP, (ii) des réponses sujet–auxiliaire aux questions polaires et (iii) le mouvement de l'auxiliaire des questions polaires, séparent les marqueurs TAM auxiliaires en les mêmes deux groupes. De plus, je présente les propriétés uniques de chaque construction syntaxique ci-dessus du javanais du Paciran. Dans mon analyse formelle de chaque construction dans le programme Minimaliste de Chomsky (1995), je propose qu'une projection 'complémenteur' intermédiaire qui sert de limite de phase agit comme médiateur entre les deux groupes des marqueurs TAM auxiliaires dans les trois constructions malgré leurs propriétés différentes. Troisièmement, en ce qui concerne l'aspect sémantique, j'établis le système de modalité du javanais du Paciran, basé sur une variété de méthodes de travail sur le terrain qui comprennent un sondage sur la modalité que j'ai créé, des storyboards (totemfieldstoryboards.org), des élicitations et des entrevues. Je trouve que plusieurs modaux dont oleh 'permet', iso 'CIRC.peut' et mesthi EPIST.doit' font partie en javanais du Paciran spécifient lexicalement la force de modalité (universelle vs. existentielle) ainsi que le type de modalité (épistémique, qui est compatible avec les données disponibles, déontique, qui est compatible avec un ensemble des règles, etc.). Je montre que d'autres modaux spécifient seulement la force et non le type de modalité : par exemple, kudu peut avoir seulement la force universelle, mais il permet tous les interprétations modales de racine.
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Besha, Ruth Mfumbwa. "A study of tense and aspect in Shambala /." Berlin : D. Reimer, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35525769f.
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Okuwaki, Natsumi. "Acquisition of tense and aspect in L2 English." Thesis, University of Essex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421141.
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Kiso, Andrea. "Tense and aspect in Chichewa, Citumbuka and Cisena : A description and comparison of the tense-aspect systems in three southeastern Bantu languages." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-79021.
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This dissertation describes and compares the tense-aspect systems found in three southeastern Bantu languages, viz. Chichewa, Citumbuka and Cisena. For each language, an in-depth description of the tense-aspect categories and their use is given based on the analysis of different sources of data: audio recordings of arranged conversations and narratives, questionnaires in which native speakers of Chichewa, Citumbuka and Cisena translated English sentences into their own language, and parallel corpora of Biblical texts as well as direct elicitation and consultation sessions. The description provides evidence of dialectal variation in the tense-aspect systems in each language that has not been described systematically before. Furthermore, it discusses specific diachronic changes, such as the development of the present progressive marker -ku- into a present tense marker in Chichewa. Remoteness distinctions in the past and future tenses, which are common across Bantu, are also found in the three languages under investigation here. The use of these categories is studied in detail and a certain extent of flexibility in their use is observed. For some varieties of Chichewa, a remoteness distinction is even found for past imperfective forms referring to habits or continuous events in the past, a distinction that has not been described previously. Further emphasis is placed on the comparison of tense-aspect markings in negated as opposed to affirmative clauses. In all three languages, the perfect marker -a- is only found in affirmative clauses while a past tense marker or a particular form only found in clauses of this type, a negative perfect marker, occurs in the corresponding negative. The comparison of the three tense-aspect systems shows that the overall design of the systems and the distinctions that are made in the three languages are, despite certain differences, rather similar while the markers that express these distinctions differ across languages in many respects.
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Eriksson, Anders. "Tense and aspect in advanced Swedish learners' written English /." Göteborg : Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9789173466097.
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Muzale, Henry R. T. "A reconstruction of the Proto-Rutara tense/aspect system." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0012/NQ36209.pdf.
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Al-Khawalda, Mohammad Irshaid. "Tense, aspect, and time reference with reference to Arabic." Thesis, University of Essex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339419.
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Lindstedt, Jouko. "On the semantics of tense and aspect in Bulgarian." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, Dept. of Slavonic Languages, 1985. http://books.google.com/books?id=vphgAAAAMAAJ.
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Delidaki, Sophia. "The acquisition of tense and aspect in child Greek." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485702.
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The current dissertation is concerned with the acquisition of tense and aspect by Greekspeaking children. The 'Lexical Aspect First' (LAFH) and the 'Grammatical Aspect First' (GAFH) hypotheses were investigated, with a comprehension and a production task each. ' According to the LAFH children mainly combine past tense or perfective morphology with telic verbs and present tense or imperfective morphology with atelic verbs. The GAFH, on the other hand, claims that children primarily combine past tense with complete events and present tense with ongoing or incomplete events. The results suggest that Greek-speaking children, from the age of 2;8, possess the temporal concepts in order to understand the past, the present and the future tenses. In addition, they have the ability to comprehend the past and the present tenses when temporally ordered, as well as the t\vo types ~f grammatical aspect - perfective and imperfective - without being influenced by either lexical aspect or completion information. A problem exists with future tense morphology, since its comprehension seems to depend on lexical aspect. Neither of the hypotheses examined are supported in comprehension, while the GAFH is also not supported in production. The LAFH appears to hold for both children and adults in production and this finding has significant implications concerning the nature of the LAFH as an acquisitional pattern. Finally, the comprehension of the Past Perfective and the Past Imperfective tenses was ~ further examined through two tasks. Greek-speaking children were able from 3;0 years to distinguish the aspectual markers of the two past tenses; the mapping process appears to have begun at the age of 3;0, but it remains in~omplete for both past tenses until almost the age of 6;5. Children were significantly influenced in both their Past Perfective and their Past Imperfective comprehension by the status of the direct object and the access that they had to it (full or partial).
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Turamyomwe, Justus. "Tense and Aspect in Runyankore-Rukiga, Linguistic Resources and Analysis." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for språk- og kommunikasjonsstudier, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14179.
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Gold, Elaine. "Aspect, tense and the lexicon, expression of time in Yiddish." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0007/NQ41161.pdf.
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Eisele, John C. "Arabic verbs in time : tense and aspect in Cairene arabic /." Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39013746s.
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Rönnqvist, Hanna. "Tense and aspect systems in Dardic languages : A comparative study." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för allmän språkvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-97603.
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The languages belonging to the group commonly known as the “Dardic languages” are on some levels insufficiently researched and have barely been subject to any comparative research on their finer grammatical structures, such as their tense and aspect systems. This comparative study analyses three Dardic languages spoken in the central Dardic speaking area (Khowar, Gawri, Palula) in view of their tense and aspect system, to find out how similar the languages are in this respect. The comparison is based on Dahl‟s 1985 Tense and Aspect questionnaire, partly to have an equal, comparable data set, and partly to be able to tie the results to the greater field of language typology. The study shows that the languages studied have a common primary focus on IPFV:PFV distinction, where past tense often is a secondary implicature following perfective aspect. There are notable differences in how and if the languages mark future tense and habitual aspect. The subject merits further studies on an extended sample and with more languages from the Dardic group.
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Rieger, Dorothee. "Swahili as a tense prominent language: proposal for a systematic grammar of tense, aspect and mood in Swahili." Swahili Forum 18 (2011), S. 114-134, 2011. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A11469.
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Swahili ist keineswegs eine besonders „exotische“ Sprache, aber dennoch fällt es schwer, eine gu-te moderne Grammatik des Standard-Swahili (Kiswahili sanifu) zu finden. Insbesondere die Inter-pretation der vorkommenden Tempora, Aspekte oder Modi des Verbs sind in den erhältlichen Grammatiken diskrepant bis widersprüchlich. Der Artikel versucht, einen systematischen Ansatz für eine strukturelle Matrix des TAM-Systems im Swahili herauszuarbeiten. Dabei beziehe ich mich auf die von Shankara Bhat in The Prominence of Tense, Aspect and Mood (1999) vorge-schlagene typologische Methode. Bhat legt dar, dass nicht jede Sprache jede Dimension von TAM gleich gewichtet, sondern dass jeweils eine davon vorherrscht. Eine Analyse von TAM in einer be-stimmten Sprache muss sich daher an der prominenten Dimension orientieren. Im Artikel wird herausgearbeitet, dass das Tempus die strukturierende Dimension im Swahili darstellt und dass im Gegensatz dazu der Aspekt nicht systematisch grammatikalisiert ist. Dabei war es nötig, die im Swahili vorkommenden TAM-Formen funktional zu interpretieren und zu benennen, da diese in der aktuellen Literatur teilweise sehr unterschiedlich analysiert werden.
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Al-Zidjali, Abdullah Suleiman Abdullah. "Lexical aspect : its influence on the acquisition of tense and aspect morphology in L2 English." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424159.
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Navarro, Gabriela Casillas. "The acquisition of tense, aspect and agreement morphology in L2 English." Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433588.
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O'Brien, Mark B. "Verbal aspect in the future tense of the Greek New Testament." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
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Zakir, Hamit. "Problems of Turkic morphology : classification of suffixes, case, tense and aspect /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11145.
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Hojatollah, Taleghani Azita. "The Interaction of Modality, Aspect and Negation in Persian." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196082.
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This dissertation investigates the verbal system of Persian and is focused on the interaction of modality, tense, aspect and negation in this language. The dissertation challenges the idea that the syntactic structure maps on to the semantic interpretation or vice-versa.It is argued that modals are raising constructions in some languages (Wurmbrand 1999). Modals in Persian, which do not have subject-raising constructions, show different behavior. First, the root complex modals are generally syntactic control in Wurmbrand's (1998, 2001) proposal. There are just a few gaps with respect to dynamic root modals. Second, all epistemic modals which are either defective auxiliary modals or complex modals take default agreements and are pseudo-raising constructions. Third, the syntactic structures of modals show that there is no one-to-one correspondence between the structural positions and semantic interpretations of modals in Persian except in the auxiliary modal bâyad 'must'.The second contribution of this dissertation is that the class of restructuring verbs varies across languages. German semantic control verbs are instances of restructuring constructions (Wurmbrand 2001) while the only case of restructuring in Persian is the functional restructuring which appears in auxiliary modals such as bâyad 'must' and šâyad 'may' since they are mono-clausal and do not have a CP.This dissertation also investigates the structure of complex verbal forms in Persian. It is argued that Persian future tense is an instance of Serial Verb Constructions. However, progressives which are bi-clausal constructions are Aspectual Complex predicates.In the case of the structural analysis of the interaction of Persian modals and negation, this dissertation shows that the syntactic structure maps on the semantic interpretation or vice-versa. There are just a few gaps with respect to the scope possibilities of particular modals.The final contribution of this dissertation is related to the problem of the word order of NV elements and LV within complex predicates. This research provides three suggestions regarding the clausal complement position in complex predicates, and suggests that the vP remnant movement is the most reasonable one, since it is compatible with the recent trends of syntactic theories and suggested for some other languages (Mahajan 2003).
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Kiyota, Masaru. "Situation aspect and viewpoint aspect : from Salish to Japanese." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/586.
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This thesis investigates lexical and grammatical aspect in two unrelated languages, Sencoten(the Saanich dialect of Straits Salish) and Japanese. In particular, the main focus is on how various perfect readings are derived in the two languages, which show striking similarities in this respect.
In Sencoten, a particle kwlh yields various readings depending on the situation aspect and viewpoint aspect of the predicate with which it occurs (Kiyota 2006b). These various readings include an inceptive reading, an on-going situation reading, and a completion reading. The Japanese aspectual marker -tei- also induces a range of different readings: a progressive reading, a resultant state reading, and a perfect reading (Ogihara 1998a, Nishiyama 2006, a.o.).
To account for these various readings, I propose that both kwlh in Sencoten and -tei- in Japanese are perfect markers. However, the actual semantic function of each is different: kwlh in Sencoten introduces a perfect time span (Pancheva 2003), whereas -tei- in Japanese denotes an anteriority relation between an event time and a reference time (Reichenbach 1947, Klein 1992, 1994), where the event time can be the time interval of a sub-event of a larger event. -Tei- also has a pragmatic component (or presupposition), just as Portner (2003) claims for the English perfect.
Aspectual properties of predicates also play a crucial role in yielding the range of different readings. Therefore, this thesis also proposes a new aspectual classification of predicates in Sencoten and Japanese, which departs from the common classification of predicates based on Indo-European languages.
In Sencoten, various readings are derived by interaction between the semantics of verbal predicates (i.e. lexical aspect), the semantics of the grammatical aspect (perfective or imperfective), and the semantics (and possibly pragmatics) of the perfect. In Japanese, the range of interpretations is due to interaction between the semantics of verbal aspect, the function of an adverb, and the semantics and pragmatics of the perfect. In other words, the same factors enter into my analysis of both Sencoten and Japanese, though there is one striking difference between the two languages: the perfective/imperfective opposition is involved in Sencoten, but not in Japanese.
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Gaspar, García Belén. "The acquisition of tense and aspect in L2 English by Spanish speakers." Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572800.
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The acquisition of tense and aspect phenomena by second language (L2) speakers has been the source of considerable interest to researchers for the light it throws on how they acquire new morphosyntactic forms and the interpretations assigned to those forms. Broadly adopting the theoretical perspective of Universal Grammar (although also considering the functionalist claims of the Aspect Hypothesis), the present study investigates knowledge of the forms and meanings of the simple past, present perfect and simple present by L 1 Spanish speakers at two proficiency levels, intermediate and advanced. Special attention is paid to the semantic properties of these three tense forms and how grammaticalising the same temporallaspectual distinctions in the L 1 might aid their acquisition. By the advanced level, the simple past and present have largely been acquired. The present perfect, on the other hand, proved to be of greater complexity. Results indicate that different form-meaning mappings have an impact on L2 performance, even when the same distinctions are grammaticalised in the native and target languages. It is shown that analysing the different perfect readings separately offers a new perspective and suggests that not all L2 learners might be treating the PF in a unitary fashion. In particular, differences were found between speakers of Latin American and European varieties of Spanish. Underlying semantic properties are shown to be an additional factor affecting all participants. It is thus argued that both L 1 transfer and properties specific to each tense form are necessary to account for the observed data. In addition, production data presents greater divergence from the target than comprehension. It is hypothesised that integrating knowledge at the syntax-semantics-pragmatics interface to access the appropriate form-meaning mappings is subject to greater computational demands in production tasks
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Choi, Sze-wai Tony, and 蔡詩偉. "A study of tense and aspect in Caryl Phillips crossing the river." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951934.
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Fan, Hongli. "Acquisition of tense-aspect morphology by English learners of French and Chinese." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011763.
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Choi, Sze-wai Tony. "A study of tense and aspect in Caryl Phillips crossing the river." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21161525.
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MANDAKH, OYUNCHIMEG. "A Comparative Study on the tense and aspect in English and Mongolian." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199382.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(人間・環境学)<br>甲第19058号<br>人博第711号<br>新制||人||171(附属図書館)<br>26||人博||711(吉田南総合図書館)<br>32009<br>京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻<br>(主査)教授 齋藤 治之, 教授 服部 文昭, 教授 壇辻 正剛<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Kuram, Kadri. "The organization of functional heads and tense/aspect/mood interpretation in Turkish." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3006.
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This dissertation investigates the IP-related categories and how the verbal domain of Turkish is organized. Within the theory of Universal Grammar, there are three major approaches to the IP domain of languages. The initial distinction is between the Syncretic IP model and the Rich IP model. The former refers to the conception that human language only makes available the heads and phrases required in a specific derivation, and that languages display parametric variation while the latter argues that the human mind comes with a highly articulated and rigid schematic hierarchy where all features of all functional categories are available in every derivation without parametric variation, yet most of them are silent. Additionally, there is an intermediate hypothesis, the Split IP model, where only major categories such as tense, mood and aspect, have dedicated head positions, and the morphological form inserted to each head position specifies its value. The dissertation aims to find out which one of these models is supported by the data in Turkish. I argue that split or syncretic character of the IP in Turkish should be sensitive syntactic operations that can target the functional heads individually. With this in mind, I suggest that a non-finite adjunct clause in Turkish is exceptional in that it lacks any kind of content when it stands alone, and therefore cannot be uttered in isolation. Yet when adjoined to a matrix clause, it is interpreted as having the values of the functional heads in the matrix clause via the mechanism ‘copy’. The data illustrates that although ‘copy’ can target some heads individually, there are two sets of heads that are always copied as a whole. Assuming that ‘copy’ can only single out independent heads, I conclude that Turkish has two syncretic phrases where two morphemes co-head the phrase. Specifically, ability modal and negation form the deontic modality phrase (DmodP) while tense co-heads another phrase with an aspect or modal marker (TAMP).
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O'Brien, Josephine. "Tense and aspect in the interlanguage of Gulf Arab learners of English." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30848.
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Expression of temporality in English through the use of finite verbs is challenging for LI Arabic learners of English. Non-target language forms have been recorded in the interlanguage of Arabic speaking Emirati students in a third level college system in the UAE. Analysis of the errors suggests that there may be systematicity in these non-TL forms. Two factors are considered in the study as possible influences on the learners' choices of verb forms. The first considers verb type, looking at how the lexical aspect of verb types affects verb form. The second factor considers the possibility of transfer from the Arabic tense/ aspect system and examines how the function of morphological forms in Arabic may affect choice of form in English. Two research instruments in the form of English grammar and Arabic translation tasks were designed to acquire data on English morphological forms selected by learners for both verb types and functions. In addition, the normal tasks required of learners i.e. free composition writing provided a source of verbs which were analysed for learner verb type, function and form associations. Learners at five language levels participated in the research. Data were analysed for rates of accuracy in the most common verb forms found in learner output and measured against expectations set by the grammar component of writing band descriptors used to assess student writing. All observed morphological choices for verb type and function were recorded, categorized and measured against the two selected hypotheses. Results indicate the relevance of certain features of both hypotheses and highlight the importance of taking dimensions other than form into consideration when considering verb use in learners' interlanguage.
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Wright, Susan Mary. "Tense, aspect and text : processes of grammaticalization in the history of the English auxiliary." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265342.
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The primary object of inquiry is the semantics of the progressive and perfect constructions in English, and their interaction with the deictic category of tense. The domain of inquiry is text. The major concern is the argument that a full description of these constructions' development involves consideration of both functional (semantic- pragmatic) and formal (morphosyntactic) change. The bases of the framework constructed for analysis are Lyons' (1977; 1982) theory of locutionary subjectivism, and Traugott's (1982) model of semantic- pragmatic shifts in the grarrmaticalization process. Thus the description depends on the r ole of text in characterizing and shaping the meaning and use of auxiliary elements. Accordingly, I use a range of text-types for illustrative purposes. It is important to emphasize their exemplary function - they do not constitute a statistically defined or determined corpus. The main theme of this dissertation is the emergence of what I call the 'subjectivity' of these constructions in the context of their realization as grarrmatical markers of the English auxiliary. The study is divided into three parts. The first (chapters 1, 2, and 3) is a synchronic characterization of tense semantics focussing on subjectivity and text; and against this background, the semantics of the progressive and the perfect. The second part (chapters 4, 5, 6) is a detailed historical account of the perfect and the progressive in the framework of grarrmaticalization. A central concern of this section is the exploration of the semantic-pragmatic shifts forming part of the grarnnaticalization process. The last part, chapter 7, is an attempt to show the early instantiation of expressive meanings through the subjective function of tense, the progressive and perfect in experiential text- types, represented by the personal letter . The study is therefore organized cyclically, its major themes being the grarrunaticalization and semantic- pragmatic development of the English auxiliary, and their elucidation through text.
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Hurriyetoglu, Ali. "Tense, Aspect And Mood Based Event Extraction For Situation Analysis And Crisis Management." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614296/index.pdf.
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Nowadays event extraction systems mainly deal with a relatively small amount of information about temporal and modal qualifications of situations, primarily processing assertive sentences in the past tense. However, systems with a wider coverage of tense, aspect and mood can provide better analyses and can be used in a wider range of text analysis applications. This thesis develops such a system for Turkish language. This is accomplished by extending Open Source Information Mining and Analysis (OPTIMA) research group'<br>s event extraction software, by implementing appropriate extensions in the semantic representation format, by adding a partial grammar which improves the TAM (Tense, Aspect and Mood) marker, adverb analysis and matching functions of ExPRESS, and by constructing an appropriate lexicon in the standard of CORLEONE. These extensions are based on the theory of anchoring relations (Temü<br>rcü<br>, 2007, 2011) which is a cross-linguistically applicable semantic framework for analyzing tense, aspect and mood related categories. The result is a system which can, in addition to extracting basic event structures, classify sentences given in news reports according to their temporal, modal and volitional/illocutionary values. Although the focus is on news reports of natural disasters, disease outbreaks and man-made disasters in Turkish language, the approach can be adapted to other languages, domains and genres. This event extraction and classification system, with further developments, can provide a basis for automated browsing systems for preventing environmental and humanitarian risk.
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Hantrakul, Chanpen Steffensen Margaret S. "English tense and aspect usage in controlled written discourse by non-native speakers." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1990. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9101113.
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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1990.<br>Title from title page screen, viewed November 4, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Margaret S. Steffensen (chair), Irene T. Brosnahan, Ronald J. Fortune, Ronald S. Halinski, Bruce W. Hawkins. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-150) and abstract. Also available in print.