Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Japonais (langue) – Prosodie (linguistique)'
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Takei, Yuki. "Analyse morphologique et syntaxique de la particule "Te" en japonais contemporain." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10005.
Full textShirota, Chieko. "Syntaxe et prosodie en japonais. Lecture d'Informations télévisées / Dialogue spontané." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030151/document.
Full textThis research has two objectives: a systematization of the fundamental prosody of Japanese as a common language, and an application of this prosodic system to teaching method. To attain these objectives, we first fix a theoretical framework adaptable to Japanese based on the theory "Grammaire de l’intonation" (Intonation Grammar) of Morel and Danon-Boileau (1998). We then analyze two types of corpus, readings of lead sentences of TV news, whose style are close to the written style, and extracts from spontaneous dialogues. The results of analysis of the corpus in uttered-written style corroborate the hypothesis that the discursive unit, which is in the fundamental constituent order defined by the function of determination corresponding to a specific syntactic/discursive marker, must be realized by the fundamental prosody conforming to the function of determination. The supra-segmental indicia of this prosody are the position and the length of pauses and the pitch pattern of sequences of modifier and modified. With application of this prosodic system, we propose a teaching method easily accessible both to the teacher and the learner in theoretical and didactical aspects through the binary criterion of the function of determination and a "written" indicium, the specific syntactic/discursive marker. The analysis of the corpus in spoken style shows that in this style, the function of determination is represented neither by the marker nor by the pause, which are replaced by the intonated indicium at the end of constituent, whereas the enunciative function is realized by intonation of the final particles
Kikuchi, Utako. "Comparaison des occlusives francaises et japonaises et application pedagogique a l'enseignement du francais aux etudiants japonais." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR20017.
Full textTo master the pronounciation of a foreign language, we must not only learn each soud, but we must also acquire the entire system of phonation. The foundamental difference of french and japanese stop voiceless consonants is composed of the presence (japanese) and the absence (french) of aspiration. For the voiced stops, the voiced french stops are caracterised by the entire sonority. These phenomenons are related to the tens. About this category of consonants, some exercises for japanese students are proposed
Shochi, Takaachi. "Prosodie des affects socioculturels en japonais, français et anglais : à la recherche des vrais et faux amis pour le parcours de l’apprenant." Grenoble 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE39022.
Full textSocial affects (or attitudes) expressed by a speaker during a verbal interaction are linked to what the speaker intends to say, and are influenced by the speaker's language culture. Aubergé (2002) postulates a voluntary control of such expressions. Following works on attitudinal expression in French and British English at GIPSA-lab, the current thesis investigates 12 Japanese prosodic attitudes. It describes their realization and their perception by Japanese speakers. The influence of visual information is measured through a multimodal corpus. Critical acoustic information for the attitudes' recognition is gathered thanks to a gating paradigm. For some attitudes, information is spread from the start until the end of the utterances, but some attitudes are recognized immediately, while others are recognized at a critical point at the middle or the end of utterances. Cross•cultural perception of social affects in three languages (Japanese, French and British English) is investigated in order to study cultural cues in social affective expressions. Results show that two attitudes (exclamation of surprise and declaration) are recognized cross culturally, while some others behave like false friends - especially the "kyoshuku" Japanese expressions of politeness. Finally, the language learning effect is measured on French learners of Japanese. Learners gradually increase their performances, but still have problems with the most culturally encoded expressions (i. E. "kyoshuku")
Nishio, Sumikazu. "Classificateurs numéraux en japonais : constructions et catégories." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/nishio_s.
Full textIn this dissertation a range of questions concerning the system of numeral classifiers in Japanese are considered. Input from both linguistics and cognitive psychology are taken into account. Careful study of the classifier system reveals many important aspects of both language and cognition. We propose the re-examination of major approaches proposed by linguists and cognitive psychologists for the study of classifiers, and present our theoretical concerns based on our empirical data. First of all, the numeral classifier is a linguistic tool used for quantification. Therefore, accurate description of this tool requires consideration of the logico-semantic value and the syntactic behavior of each of the linguistic units appearing in quantitative expressions. Our first concern is to evaluate different theories of logic and syntax (especially generative grammar" and "generalized quantifiers") applied to the study of quantitative expressions in Japanese, and to propose an alternative : an adequate theory of reference and a new syntactic analysis of quantification following the framework suggested by the "construction grammar" of Goldberg. Secondly, a numeral classifier system divides the entities of the world into a number of distinct categories. This classificational aspect of classifiers is examined under three perspectives : historical evolution, acquisition, and categorization. Our work on the evolutionary aspects of classifier systems is based on the historical data about Japanese classifiers and guided by the universals described by typologists interested in classifier languages. This historical study is confronted with recent findings on the acquisition of classifiers by children, and re-examined in the light of the domain specific hypothesis in cognitive psychology. Finally, using a priming paradigm, we show that classifiers represent a domain of particular interest for linguists and psychologists interested in the cognitive process of categorization. Specifically, the comparison of the experimental data obtained in two categorization tasks (categorization of object into a superordinate category and a classifier category) shed light on the nature of linguistically specific categories towards more conceptually natural ones such as lexicalized superordinates
Nishio, Sumikazu Le Guern Michel. "Classificateurs numéraux en japonais constructions et catégories /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2000/nishio_s.
Full textBlin, Raoul. "L'interrogation sur la manière : une approche formelle." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHESA026.
Full textRossigneux, Jean-Claude. "Nom et détermination nominale en japonais." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040053.
Full textA psychomechanical approach. Japanese as an altaic language with an austronesian substratum. Critical survey of typological classifications. Theory of the japanese word : units of potency, no nominal adjective, verbal tongue and verbal discourse adjective, protean verb. Noun with internal incidence only. Analysis of so called material predetermination (characterazition) and formal predetermination (importance of discursive agglutination, quantification, deicticsko. So. A. Viewed with theory of reference). Reconstruction of 3 micro-systems : a) particules ga an wa (actualization/desactualization), b) particules ni and de (kara, made, e) on a dynamic axis source/finality (origin, cause, instrumental, goal, spatial, temporal and notional locatives), c) the system of comparison : associatice/dissociative, quantitative, qualitative and modal comparison (particules mo, to, ya, ka, dake, bakari, shika)
Dhorne, France. "Aspect et temps en japonais." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070141.
Full textIn this thesis on aspect and tense in japanese, we question the existence of specific forms for the category os aspect in japanese, as they have been analysed by the linguists of the lexical semantic currents. We claim that aspect is the semantic product of operations which concern several morphological paradigms of ja panese language. We point out the articulation of these paradigms. From the point of wirw of general linguistics and of methodology, to avoid a non-pertinent application of an occidental epistemologig conception about a foreing language, we consider the problematic of tense from the point of view of dynamism and sttis in language. On another part, we claim that the categories of tense and aspect cannot be limited to the linguistic category of verb only. We prove. On the basis of linguistics facts in japanese, that a language owns many markers for stabilisation of processes, and that dynamism appears when there are no markers of this type. So dynamism would be original and related to the act of speech
Nakamura, Delloye Yayoi. "Alignement automatique de textes parallèles français - japonais." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070054.
Full textAutomatic alignment aims to match elements of parallel texts. We are interested especially in the implementation of a System which carries out alignment at the clause level. Clause is a beneficial linguistic unit for many applications. This thesis consists of two types of works: the introductory works and those that constitute the thesis core. It is structured around the concept of syntactic clause. The introductory works include an overview of alignment and studies on sentence alignment. These works resulted in the creation of a sentence alignment System adapted to French and Japanese text processing. The thesis core consists of two types of works: linguistic studies and implementations. The linguistic studies are themselves divided into two topics: French clause and Japanese clause. The goal of our French clause studies is to define a grammar for clause identification. For this purpose, we attempted to define a typological classification of clauses, based on formal criteria only. In Japanese studies, we first define the Japanese sentence on the basis of the theme-rheme structure. We then try to elucidate the notion of clause. Implementation works consist of three tasks which finally constitute the clause alignment processing. These tasks are carried out by three separate tools: two clauses identification Systems (one for French texts and one for Japanese texts) and a clause alignment System
Michaud, Alexis. "Prosodie de langues à tons (naxi et vietnamien), prosodie de l'anglais : éclairages croisés." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130149.
Full textKatano, Mito. "Le système aspectuo-temporel du japonais : modélisation et comparaison avec le français." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUEL009.
Full textThis thesis, based in the field of formal semantics, attempts to model the tense and aspect of Japanese verbs using the calculatory model of tense and aspect as described by L. Gosselin (1996). Our objective is to assign a value to the four japanese aspectual-tense verbal markers (V -(r)u, V -ta, V -te iru and V -te ita) in the form of instructions that represent the value in langue. Its aim are to explain the organization and function of the aspectual-tense system of Japanese verbs by a clarification of the rules and constraints. The final objective of this study is to compare the aspectual-tense system of the Japanese and the French verbs according to a formal model that can provide a tool fot their objective comparison
Tokimoto, Miho. "Déixis et détermination nominale en japonais." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070046.
Full textIn this study, we have presented the relationships existing between demonstratives and nominal determination in japanese in the first part, we have shown that, in the use of japanese demonstratives, the speakers and hearers share only one space of reference which doesn't correspond, unless specifically indicated, to the notion of verbal person. With koand a- we are essentially confronted with deictic relations. Ko- has for referential field the space related to the location of the speakers and hearers, and a- conveys to the exterior of ko- on the other hand, so- operates as an anaphora, or relates to the enunciative situation to cover a part opposed to ko. In the second part, we have studied six kinds of determining demonstratives of the noun. makes it possible to distinguish an object by its localisation. The other kinds are used to dilate a field around a property, stemming from a specific occurence. releases a property identifying a specific occurrence to an object present on the enunciative scene conveys a concept through a denomination extracts a typical and representative attribute in the conceptual relation. and start from a specific occurrence which has already been approved by the speakers and hearers. releases a a property directly perceived visually, whereas questions a concept represented by a name
Fougeron, Cécile. "Variations articulatoires en debut de constituants prosodiques de differents niveaux en francais." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030115.
Full textIn this work, it is shown that in french the articulation of a segment placed in initial position in a prosodic constituent depends on the prosodic level of this constituent. A segment initial in a lower level constituent is distinguished from a segment initial in a higher level constituent by articulatory variations. The magnitude of theses variations increases gradually following the constituent hierarchy. This influence of prosodic position in confirmed for different segments (stops, fricatives, liquids, vowels) and several articulations (lingual, velic, glottal). Variation appears as an increase of linguopalatal contact for all segments and a decrease of nasal flow for nasal consonants and vowels, placed in initial position in higher constituents. Glottalization of initial vowels is also influenced by prosodic position : glottalization frequency increases at the beginning of higher constituents. Acoustical duration and energy of some initial segments are also affected by prosodic position, but these variations reflect the hierarchical order of the constituents less than articulatory variations do. The influence of prosodic position appears as a local effect affecting only the initial segment of a cv syllable or a cc cluster. This influence is optional: the number and the kind of constituents differentiated by these variations depend on the speakers, the articulators and the segments. Articulatory variations realized in initial position reflect, at the production level, the prosodic encoding of the sentence into constituents of different levels. These variations can be explained by a local articulatory strengthening in initial position that is dependent on the prosodic level of the constituent
Rayon, Nadine. "Segmentation et analyse morphologique automatiques du japonais en univers ouvert." Paris, INALCO, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INAL0002.
Full textThe present thesis proposes an automatic morphological analysis of the kanji sequences in Japanese texts. This analysis is based on the graphemic, morphological and syntactic characteristics of the Japanese language. It does not employ any dictionary and is based on the recognition of the immediate contexts of the kanji sequences. It leads to a tagging of the recognized linguistic units and to a segmentation of the text. The first part of the thesis describes the Japanese writing system and its encoding methods. The second part deals with the Japanese parts of speech, in particular verbs, adjectives, particles and flexional suffixes which morphosyntaxic characteristics are essential for the morphological analysis. The third part describes the module of analysis: identification and formalization of the data necessary to the analysis, algorithm of the analysis and the related treatments, formalization of models of objects necessary to the data-processing handling of Japanese
Causeret, Jean-François. "Actance et circonstance : le cas du japonais." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H048.
Full textThe thesis deals with a problem of general linguistics (the difference between actants circumstants) and a problem of applied linguistics( its validity in Japanese). The actants will be considered as the central roles of languages, tightly connected with the process and having dynamic properties. The circumstants are static references of the process, time, place, manner, allowing to situate a process in relation to a reference network. But they're not necessarily peripheral (in a situation utterance, they become essential). In Japanese, the actants can be formed into a hierarchy, in the form of a mucleus of 3 terms: 1) a neutral term, the topic, marked by wa,2) a positive-charged term, or nominative one, marked by ga, 3) a negative-charged term, or accusative one, marked by 0. Beyond this nucleus, the limit between actants and circumstants is less clear: the syntactic marker ni overlaps the roles. However differentiations exist: -orientation forms characterize secondary actants, marked by ni. -topicalization forms (wa or ni-wa) distinguish locative and temporal circumstants
Marchal, Pierre. "Acquisition de schémas prédicatifs verbaux en japonais." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INAL0015/document.
Full textLexical knowledge acquisition of verbal constructions is an important issue for natural language processing as well as lexicography, which aims at referencing emerging linguistic usages. Such a task implies numerous challenges, technical as well as theoretical. In this thesis, we had a closer look at two fundamental aspects of the description of the verb: the notion of lexical item and the distinction between arguments and adjuncts. Following up on studies in natural language processing and linguistics, we embrace the hypothesis that there is no clear distinction between homonyms and quasi-synonyms, and the hypothesis of a continuum between arguments and adjuncts. We provide a complete approach to lexical knowledge acquisition of verbal constructions from an untagged news corpus. The acquisition process makes use of the notion of argumenthood, and builds models of the two continuums. Our lexicon has been evaluated on a qualitative and comparative basis. Siding with lexicography anchored in the theoretical framework of corpus linguistics, we show the difficulty of using lexical resources to describe as yet unseen data
Auran, Cyril. "Prosodie et anaphore dans le discours en anglais et en français : cohésion et attribution référentielle." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10086.
Full textSabio, Frédéric. "Description prosodique et syntaxique du discours en français : données et hypothèses." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10095.
Full textOur dissertation is concerned with the linguistic description of spoken french, along a double approach : prosodic and syntactic. The first chapter describes the way in which researchers in the field of prosody have come to view the supresegmental elements of language as centrally involved in spoken communication. We then review several methods for collecting and transcribing spoken language data. The second part of our study is concerned with linguistic description of spoken french, starting with the prosodic aspect. We first present some studies which have insisted on the formal characteristic of the suprasegmental phenomena, and present some major theoretical discussions regarding the relationship between phonetic form and meaning. Next, we introduce the hierarchical model which a. Di cristo and d. Hirst have elaborated in aix-en-provence. The other aspect that we have treated in the second chapter is syntax. Our research is based on a conception which has been postulated quite recently, according to which the grammatical field can be conceived as made up of two independant but interconnected domains : micro-syntax and macro-syntax. The last chapter introduces some linguistic data, and allows us to formulate some hypothesis about the link existing between prosody and syntax : our view is that, in spontaneous spoken communication, prosodic structure seems to play a major role in signalling the macro-syntactic constituants. We present some data drawn from our corpus in order to illustrate our conception
Cho, Hyong Sil. "Etude des propriétés acoustiques de la structure prosodique du coréen." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10076.
Full textMeynadier, Yohann. "Interaction entre prosodie et (co)articulation linguopalatale en français." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10001.
Full textSakai, Tomohiro. "Connexions trans-spatiales et énoncés tautologiques en japonais." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082321.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to clarify, in the extended mental space framework, the meaning construction involved in Japanese tautological utterances X is X. Empirical facts suggest that these utterances should be classified into two types: those that are indeed tautological and those that are not. The former class is accounted for in terms of an elaborated Gricean principle. It allows for a compositional account of the X is X, Y is Y construction. The latter class is further divided into three types according to the interpretation schema which comes into play. The most important use of X is X can be analyzed, without stipulation, as the negation of X becomes non-X. This schema accounts for various interpretations associated with X is X as well as the fact that the predicate X always denotes properties. The meaning of X is X even if X is P can also be calculated on the basis of the schema and the space configuration constructed by the concessive clause
Piot, Olivier. "Vers une théorie unifiée de la prosodie du français et de l'anglais : des émotions à la phonologie." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030126.
Full textThe aim of this work is to build up a mathematical theory explaining how emotional attitudes (defined by a form given to the expression of an emotion) and intellectual attitudes (i. E. Planed non verbal communication) may be expressed by prosody. This theory is based on several pieces, each of them having been experimentally validated. We have been able to show that in french, the higher implementation of a pitch-accent allows to express a higher ignorance of the speaker in the interrogative case, and of the hearer in the assertive case. We propose the idea that some processes of sympathy are responsible for this later phenomenon. Moreover, the speech rate for a question, and the vocal intensity for an assertion, are showed to express the desire of the speaker to share a piece of information with the hearer. This can be explained by the evolution of the "activation" component of the theory, which decreases if the information is transmitted during the utterance (assertive case), but remains the same if it is not (interrogative case). Other pieces of meaning have been ascertained, such as the possible expression of the anticipated recognition (by the hearer) of the contents of an utterance by the anticipation of its contour's tonal targets, or else, of the anticipated assimilation of its information by a "downstepping" of the contour (i. E. A gradual lowering of its tonal peaks). This theory is used to explain results and models ranging from the expression of emotions to the phonology of intonational contours, basically in standard French and standard English, but also in some other languages
Hagihara, Kôji. "Les paires de verbes-ZI / TA : de la linguistique à la didactique du japonais langue." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0069.
Full textOur thesis is devoted to a study of the pairs of verbs, called zidôsi (zi-V) and tadôsi (ta-V), from a lexical and syntactico-semantic point of view. A critical re-examination of the three sets of criteria generally used to distinguish the pairs of zi/ta-V allowed us to fix three criteria applicable to the identification of the pairs of verbs: 1) morphological : two different radicals built on a common root; 2) syntactic : different functions of arguments for each verb of a pair; 3) semantics : distinct semantic roles of the arguments for each sentence, that profile differently a same process. We established a corpus of 241 pairs of zi/ta-V and their 21 variants (= 262 pairs of ZIITA-V), correlated with four actantial structures at the sentence level. A systematic morphological reanalysis allowed us to get out twelve matrices of lexical derivation. Correlating these lexical paradigms with syntactic structures and actantial roles regularly associated with them, we made clear a system founded on oppositions between three lexico-grammatical morphemes: AR, AS and E. System that underlies not only the pairs of ZI/TA-V, but also the formation and the actantial functioning of the three voices : passive, causative and potential. Therefore, we make available to teachers of the JFL relatively simple principles to explain the morpho-lexical derivation of the pairs of Japanese ZI/TA-V, to link it to their four regular syntactic structures, and to allow a solid contrastive study between the ZI/TA categories and those of transitive/intransitive
Duběda, Tomáš. "Unité accentuelle en français et en tchèque : caractérisation structurelle et acoustique." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070086.
Full textTHE SUBJECT OF THE PRESENT THESIS IS PROSODIC SEGMENTATION, ITS PLACE WITHIN THE PROSODIC SYSTEM AND ITS RELATIONS TO LINGUISTIC FACTORS. THE STUDY AIMS TO CARACTERIZE THE STRESS UNIT lN A UNIVERSALIST PERSPECTIVE, AND SPECIFICALLY lN FRENCH AND CZECH. THE EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON IS BASED ON A BILINGUAL CORPUS. THE STRESS UNIT CAN BE CHARACTERIZED BY A SET OF STRUCTURAL AND ACOUSTIC CORRELATES, A PART OF WHICH TURNED OUT TO BE SURPRISINGLY SIMlLAR lN THE TWO LANGUAGES: DESPlTE FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCES THAT EXIST BETWEEN FRENCH AND CZECH (PRIMARY STRESS WHICH IS FINAL lN FRENCH AND INITIAL lN CZECH, ACOUSTIC NATURE OF STRESS, MORPHOLOGY, WHICH IS ANALYTIC lN FRENCH AND SYNTHETIC lN CZECH), THE MEAN LENGTH OF THE UNIT (lN TERMS OF SYLLABLES), THE PRESENCE OF ISOCHRONY, THE FINAL LENGTHENING, THE INTONATION CONTOURS AND THE BEHA VIOUR OF INTENSITY ARE SUBJECT TO THE SAME UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES WHICH MAY HOWEVER DIFFER lN THEIR DIMENSIONS. THE STRESS, CHARACTERIZED BY A FIX POSITION lN THE TWO LANGUAGES, IS OFTEN TAKEN AS THE MAIN CRITERION OF SEGMENTATION. HOWEVER, SINCE ITS ACOUSTIC CORRELATES ARE OFTEN AMBIGUOUS, IT IS NECESSARY TO ADOPT A LESS RESTRICTIVE VIEW OF PROSODIC SEGMENTATION, WHICH WOULD RELY MORE ON THE INNER COHERENCE OF THE STRESS UNIT, AND WHICH WOULD DEFINE THE STRESS AS A CONFIGURATIVE PHENOMENON
Arai, Fumio. "Les expressions locatives et les verbes de déplacement en japonais." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081572.
Full textBlanco, Inés. "Prosodie et gestuelle dans l'enseignement-apprentissage du Français à des locuteurs vénézuéliens." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUEL418.
Full textTomokiyo, Mutsuko. "Analyse discursive de dialogues oraux en français, japonais et anglais : élaboration et validation par anlayse comparative de corpus réels." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070025.
Full textMorita, Takahiro. "La catégorisation des verbes de déplacement en japonais et en français." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0055.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to analyze the expression of motion events in Japanese and French. More precise objectives are to respond the following three questions through lexical and syntactic analyses of these expressions: (1) can the expression of motion events be defined by linguistic criteria, without reference to extralinguistic phenomena? (2) what are the linguistics categories involved in the expressions of motion events in Japanese and French? (3) to which extent the actual typology proposed for Japanese and French is valid ? Our conclusions are as follows. For (1), the motion verbs that constitute the nuclei of the expression of motion events can be defined syntactical1y and semantically: they must be defined in the construction comprising a figure and a ground, and they must he able to respond the questions such as where did he go? or how did he go? As for (2), the motion verbs are divided into three fundamental categories according to their aspectual properties and the linearity: path, direction, and manner. Various spatial properties are also involved to characterize each verb of these categories. Taking deictic expressions into consideration, the expression of motion events covers not mereIy spatial demain, but also aspectual and discourse domains. Finally for (3), Japanese and French can be classified in the same category in that they lexicalize the telicity in a large part of the motion verbs, and that most of the expressions of motion events are buiIt by path verbs. However, they differ each other for the spatial properties lexicalized in the verbs, the frequency of the deictic verbs, and the means of expression of the manner
Nakajima, Akiko. "La relation de simultanéité et ses expressions en Japonais." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070037.
Full textThe goal of this study is to explore the different aspects of the relation of simultaneity in Japanese through the observation of the relative temporal markers toki (moment), aida (interval) and uchi (interior). This study will begin by undertaking the task of determining the usage of these markers in the simple sentence "NP toki/aida/uchi S". The mode of the temporal construction of each relative temporal marker can be explained by analysing the semantic constraints on the NP. A second section examines their functions in the complex sentence "S1 toki/aida/uchi S2". This section denotes as well the semantic and aspect-tense constraints of S1, in indicating the specific lexical traits of this sentence (whether it is a verbal predicate or an adjectival predicate). At which point, two types of simultaneity become apparent: one contingent on, and the other corresponding to a logical succession. The analysis of the functions of the relative temporal markers is carried out in relation to the co-text from which result these different aspects of simultaneity. These are considered notably in correlation to the degree of inter-propositional connection, on both the syntactic and the semantic levels. The final stage of analysis focuses on a third parameter, the combination of one of the temporal markers with one of the particles wa, 11Î or nÎ wa. The modal sense of simultaneity is modulated between two processes according to this third parameter. The study of the interaction between relative temporal markers and particles explains the process which results in a sense of simultaneity, as much as its relation to the modality expressed by 82. It is thus possible ta establish a micro-paradigm of simultaneity, formed by the three relative temporal markers, through the interaction of different linguistic parameters
Le, Nestour Patrick. "De la morpho-syntaxe aux relations socio-enonciatives. L'exemple du japonais." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070007.
Full textThe description of a particular language is generally based on morpho-syntactic markers, traditionally in relation to textual categories rather than oral items. Among others, in japanese, notions of injunction (opposed to imperative, limited by modal and tense fixity), of kinship (linked to age and status), of plurality (opposed to western plural), or of socioenunciative relations (opposed to honorificity, source of confusion), are to be considered from the point of view of enunciation, in respect to the relation established by the speaker with the socioenunciative positions of his co-speakers and other addressees, potential, present or mentionned
Horie, Chika. "Emplois et valeurs de la forme (r)are en japonais." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070094.
Full textThe goal of this study is to explore the usages and the variety of meanings of the form (r)are in Japanese through the notions of « event » and « property ». (R)are expresses at the same time (i) the passive, forming a pair with the active, (ii) an event with adversative effect on someone, (iii) the predication of a property for the subject and (iv) a potential meaning. This study will begin by revisiting adversative passive constructions to illustrate that they are eventive and associated to the speaker's subjectivity and that some syntactic patterns can be generalized (relation of possession, nature of the subject [±animate], relation of empathy between the subject [+animate] and the speaker). A detailed analysis of the aspectual verbal suffixes in die passive utterances leads to a definition of the eventive and of the generic meanings. To justify the distinction between eventive passive and property passive, the interaction with the spécific character of the agent is analyzed. Then, we distinguish between two types of passives containing a locative, using the distinction between a temporary and a permanent property. This accounts for the fact that the passives containing a locative are part of attributive sentences. Finally, we show how some attributive passives lead to a generic interpretation
Ono, Yoshiko. "Typologische Züge des Japanischen /." Tübingen : M. Niemeyer, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39918364c.
Full textHayashibe, Yumi. "Les "Espaces" représentatifs de ĺénonciation en japonais : système de ko-so-a-do." Paris 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA030066.
Full textThe context of utterance is various and numerous in reality, however, the "space" the speaker represent in front of his intlocutor is subject to restriction such as the vision and reduced to two representative "spaces". They characterize and structure japanese and the behaviour of japanese people, in a specific way, and make a fundamental difference between japanese and european languages. We have relied on the system of ko-so-a-do ( system of japanese demonstratives) in order to analyse them, to develop and to demonstrate in which way they characterize and structure japanese and the behaviour of japanese people
Takagaki, Yumi. "Les plans d'organisation textuelle en français et en japonais : de la rhétorique contrastive à la linguistique textuelle." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUEL613.
Full textThe aim of this study is to describe and explain the cultural and linguistic differences between the text organizational patterns in French and Japanese. On the basis of the contrastive rhetoric, part I of this thesis describes the differences in text organization between the two languages and attemps to determine the origins of these differences. Nine Japanese specificities are identified as contributing factors : (1) the organizational pattern "ki-syô-ten-ketu", (2) released structure and framework, (3) subject as a starting point, (4) symbolic expression, (5) expression of ego, (6) interaction, (7) indirect expression, (8) fragmentary nature, and (9) evocation and associative ties. An examination of these specificities with other specificities is conducted at the production level (comparison of French and Japanese school handbooks) and at the representation level (a sample survey conducted among Japanese students and French teachers). Part II is devoted to analysing linguistic factors and characterizing the two languages. By adopting the theoretical framework of Jean-Michel Adam (2008), we examine five aspects of text : continuity, discontinuity, and the three dimensions of a "proposition-énoncé (proposition-utterance)". Five fundamental differences are observed between the French and Japanese languages. 1. Cohesion is stronger in French. 2. Reference is more explicit in French. 3. Point of view is expressed less explicitly in French. 4. Illocutionary force is weaker in French. 5. Text segmentation is stronger in French. To verify these hypotheses, four phenomena are examinated : connectors, "the unsaid", oui/si/non (and their Japanese equivalents hai/îe), and persons
Ramers, Karl Heinz. "Historische Veränderungen prosodischer Strukturen : Analysen im Licht der nichtlinearen Phonologie /." Tübingen : M. Niemeyer, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39917490z.
Full textDahan, Delphine. "Étude de la prosodie du français en parole continue : processus de production et de perception." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H087.
Full textProsody refers to the melody and rhythm of speech. This thesis deals with a specific prosodic phenomenon, i. E. The production of emphatic accent on an element of the utterance, le latter becoming the focus of the utterance and conveying new inforlation (or rhemes), as opposed to the given information (the theme). An explanation of how prosodic phenomena convey linguistic information implies the postulate that the speaker and listener share mental representations. In order to specify the processes involved in the production and perception of a focusing conveyed by an empha tic accent, we have analyzed the productions of emphatic accents realized by several speakers, as well as their perception by listeners. It appears that the speaker produces a break in listener's expected prosodic structuration, the violation of these expectancies allowing the listener to perceive the presence of a linguistically relevant prosodic phenomenon
Terada, Akira. "Notion de téléonomie en tant que système générateur de sens linguistique (exemples pris en japonais)." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070015.
Full textThe present thesis proposes to discuss and develop two points of view in the enunciation of sentences : the first, the point of view of the sentence as an event which simply presents what the words express, the second, the sentence as a teleonomic structure which interprets as meaning what is implied. The analysis undertaken here of linguistic phenomena at different levels in japanese is based on this double percepective. Within the proposition itself, functional particles are analysed and classified according to their conceptual pattern, contingency or complemetarity. Frome the analysis of the ways in which sentences are strung together, the ordering principles, self-referentiality and trans-referentiality, at work in linguistic representation are to be observed. Modally speaking, the intensional and extensional movements which constitute existential recognition by an enunciator are analysed as a integral part of the system of signification
Kawamoto, Itsuko. "La notion de patient et ses realisations en francais et en japonais." Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030197.
Full textBased on the observations of the case form alternations of main complement : a par in the french causative construction and o ga in the japanese desiderative and potential, this work aims to present the notion of patient which accounts for these phenomena, as universal notion. A descriptive study extracts 15 conditions for the choice between a + np and par + np and the dative pronoun and par + tonic pronoun, indicating the causee agent in the french causative. These conditions, related to the hature of the principal constituants of proposition, process, direct object, causee itself and intention of the speaker are supposed as diverse phases of the same and only notion ; the patient. The patient is characterized as one of the two main participants of process, among which is found the causal orientation, which is the main relation a clause talks about. The observed conditions are those of the prominent patient. In french, in the three terms construction, the a-complement is the patient on condition that the direct object does not play this role, included to the process. This hypothesis applicated to the alternation between ga and o in the two terms constructions, desiderative and potential in japanese, it is clarified that this choice is governed by the same conditions. In this language, o is the mark of the prominent patient and ga is that of the participant includie to the process
Braud, Virginie. "Acquisition de la prosodie chez des enfants francophones : les phénomènes de troncations." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT3023.
Full textLexical items produced by children are usually simplified in comparison with adult items. Truncation phenomena in French children's utterances have been observed in this study. Our aim is to answer the following questions: What determines children's productions? Why do they truncate target items? Various hypothesis have been proposed to account for these patterns. They adopt either a metrical approach or a prosodic one. The origin of truncations produced by children have then often been justified by accentual and prosodic universal constraints, which would conditione first productions and which oblige researchers to reconsider the status of adult targets. But, according to us, this hypothesis has only been attested in few studies based on the analysis of a small number of languages and in a framework that necessarily puts emphasis on the accentual approach. We have collected and analysed controlled elicited production data and spontaneous production data from French children aged between 1;9. 2 and 5;0. We have then proposed a template interpretation of truncation phenomena in French. That is lexical units produced by French children come within a lexical template (constrained by competence and performance) with three positions and supported by a certain prosodic structuration. A child produces vowels first, relying on the acoustic prominences of his/her language, next, he/she gradually readjusts the various consonantal targets that he/she is supposed to reach. Structural but also parsing constraints would then play an important role in the construction of such a template
Mejvaldova, Jana. "Expressions prosodiques de certaines attitudes en tchèque et en français : Etude comparative." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070009.
Full textThis thesis compares the production and perception of attitudinal prosodic expressions in Czech and French. We present the results of our research in compared phonostylistics, based on some fundamental studies by Fonagy, Léon and Scherer. Our experiment was realized by means of a speech corpus. It contained semantically unmarked Czech and French sentences. Czech and French speakers expressed 8 attitudes (neutrality, joy, admiration, surprise, boredom, sadness, anger, fear) only by modifying the prosodic realisation of the sentences. The prosodic expressions of attitudes can be, on the one hand, motivated by the prosodic expressions of corresponding emotions, which are conditioned by the physiological changes. On the other hand, we analysed the voluntary, acted expressions, which are more relied to the prosodic system of the particular language. The prosodic expression of different attitudes in Czech and French were compared. The sentences obtained were tested by 4 groups of listeners (divided according to their mother tongue and to their knowledge of the foreign language). The distinction permitted to define the degree of universality of prosodic expressions of attitudes. . .
Sookasame, Navarat Aksorn. "L' assimilation des tons en thaï dans la parole lue et spontanée." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070081.
Full textThis study examines the assimilation of tones in Thaï language. The assimilation of tones is a phenomenon that occurs when the two tones are in contact with each other, a tone may modify one or more characteristics of another tone. Thai language is polytonal. There are five tones in Thai: mid tone, low tone, falling tone, high tone and rising tone. These tones have a distinctive value. The same word spoken with a different tone has a different meaning. Each tone has a different contour melodic. The assimilation of tones in Thai language occurs randomly. This study is trying to describe this phenomenon. It is divided into two parts. In the first part, the corpus of reading speech is studied. And in the second part we focus on spontaneous speech, In general, the assimilation of tones often occurs when the tones are in contact with the falling tone and high tone both in reading speech and also in spontaneous speech. These two tones share the same property. They present both the upward curve. The upward curve is very susceptible to tonal assimilation
Nguyen, Thi Thanh Hoa. "Contribution à l'étude de la prosodie du Vietnamien : Variations de l'intonation dans les modalités - assertive, interrogative et impérative -." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070018.
Full textThis study aims mainly the 2 aspects of the prosody of Vietnamese: 1. The prosodic variations of the intonation in the 3 types of sentence: assertion, interrogation and injunction. 2. The influence of the intonation on the tone in final position of the sentence. It is an experimental study which concerns at the same time the read speech (acoustic analysis, test of perception and re-synthesis) and the spontaneous speech (acoustic analysis and comparative study). The results show that each type of sentence bas a specific intonation generally given by the overall height of Fo, the duration and the intensity of the sentence. However, the general contour of Fo is not a very plausible index for the characterisation of the modalities because of the tonal variations on the level of syllables. On the other hand, the behaviour of the tone that carries the final syllable can be regarded as a preponderant element when one speaks about the melody of a sentence. On this point, one can say that the differences between the tonal variants generated by the intonation are more significant when one concerns about the height (Fo), the form and the amplitude of tonal contour than the duration and the intensity of the syllable in question
Türk, Egbert. "Les fonctions et les formes du prosodème : étude comparative de l'allemand et du français." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10016.
Full textAoi, Akira. "Temps et aspect dans la construction "P TOKI Q" en japonais : étude contrastive avec le français." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA070006.
Full textBazrgari, Iraj. "Prosodie et accentuation : étude expérimentale de la proéminence accentuelle dans la congruence prosodie-syntaxe : le cas du Farsi (persan moderne)." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070062.
Full textOn the basis of generally accepted idea "The word stress in Persian is final. ", and through an experimental and original study on the read speech, I wanted to know reality of accentuation in Persian : the acoustic nature of the stressed sylable (according to the parameters such as the fundamental frequency and the duration), its function in the simple sentence, and to check if the accent into Persan is fixed. To arrive for this purpose, I based on two shutter. 1. Production 2. Perception. My results of prosodic analysis, as well as the tests of perception revealed that thé accent in Persian is rather a stressing : a process generated by prosodico-syntactic congruence. The stressed syllable into Persian is prominent, as much from the acoustic point of view that perceptive, and according to its place in the sentence: prone noun phrase, object, and verb
Gendrot, Cédric. "Aspects perceptifs, physiologiques et acoustiques de différentes catégories prosodiques en français." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030141.
Full textIn this work, four prosodic categories are considered: demarcative accent (final syllable of the phrase) informative focus, contrastive focus and initial accent (defined here as the initial syllable with an f0 rise). We show how articulation of a segment is dependent on these categories. This study relies on perceptual, physiological and acoustic measurements effected on initial and final syllables of lexical words. After arranging them in ascending order according to our three kinds of measurements, we suggest a physiological and acoustic characterization for all investigated prosodic categories. We also display different speaker strategies, spreading variations between the analysed syllable (local effect) and the whole sentence (global effect). Among all investigated parameters, f0 variations are the most relevant
Kim, Chongdok. "Contribution à une étude de la prosodie du coréen." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070075.
Full textThis thesis relates to the distinctive function of the notion of prosodeme, the prosodic element allowing the correct identification of linguistic elements (from word to sentence) which would remain uninterpretables or ambiguous without its intervention. I discuss the notion of ambiguity and i put forth the assumption that there are three prosodic elements that permit to eliminate this kind of ambiguity and to access the correct interpretation of an utterance in korean. The distinctive function of such prosodemes relates to the three following phonological phenomena: 1) vocalic lengthening 2) juncture3) final contour these prosodemes -and their distinctive function- have been underlined by an experimental method. This led me to suggest a refinement of the description of the phonological system of the korean. The major contribution of the present thesis is that the phonological system of the korean comprises these three specific prosodemes. This proposal is new in my knowledge in the study of this language and seems justified for two reasons: on the one hand it rests on an experimental phonetic analysis, covering the case which is necessary to the method of statistical analysis to the acoustico-phonetic data; in addition it makes it possible to propose a description more economic than before of this system
Yoo, Hi-Yon. "Ordre des mots et prosodie : essai de description et de formalisation pour le grec moderne." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070028.
Full textThis work examines the relations between word order and prosody in Modem Greek. The aim is to propose syntactic, prosodic and communicative criteria explaining the choice of one word order among all the possible linearizations. First, the possible word orders for a given dependency tree are determined. Second, the correspondences between a given linearization and all the possible melodic configurations (corresponding ta a given communicative structure) are established. Two experimental studies (on ward stress and on the contours of constituents) show the importance of the communicative structure in defining the prosodic contours. The analysis is placed in the Meaning-Text Framework. The grammar I present covers the analysis of complex structures. The Greek data are also compared to French and Korean. Finally, I present an implementation of the correspondences between the syntactic level and the sound output, via the topological and phonological levels
Segal, Natalia. "Analyse, représentation et modélisation de la prosodie pour la reconnaissance automatique de la parole." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070041.
Full textThis thesis presents a new approach to automatic prosodic boundary and prosodic structure detection based on a theoretical hierarchical representation of prosodic organization of speech in French. We used a descriptive theory of the French prosodic System to create a rule based linguistic prosodic model suitable for the automatic treatment of spontaneous speech. This model allows finding automatically prosodic group boundaries and structuring them hierarchically. The prosodic structure of every phrase is thus represented in the form of a prosodic tree. This representation proved to be efficient for automatic processing of continuous speech in French. The resulting prosodic segmentation was compared to manual prosodic segmentation. Prosodic structure accuracy was also verified manually by an expert. We applied our model to different kinds of continuous spontaneous speech data with different phonemic and lexical segmentations: manual segmentation and different kinds of automatic segmentations. In particular, the application of our prosodic model to the output of a speech recognition System showed a satisfactory performance. There also bas been established a correlation between the level of the prosodic tree node and the boundary detection accuracy. Thus, it is possible to improve the precision of boundary detection by attributing a degree of confidence to the boundary according to its level in prosodic tree