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Journal articles on the topic 'Jarrah – Western Australia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Abbott, I. "Distribution of introduced earthworms in the norhtern jarrah forest of Western Australia." Soil Research 23, no. 2 (1985): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850263.

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Five species of introduced earthworm were recorded in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia during 1980-83. These are Aporrectodea trapezoides (Duges), A. caliginosa (Savigny), Eisenia fetida (Savigny), Octolasion cyaneum (Savigny) (all Lumbricidae) and Microscolex dubius (Fletcher) (Megascolecidae). A. trapezoides was recorded most frequently. These introduced species occur within the forest only where there has been major disturbance, especially where forest has been replaced by pasture, orchards or settlement. They have not been recorded in forest that has been logged or in plantations of exotic trees. Introduced species of earthworm were frequently found in association with indigenous species. Most individuals of A. trapezoides kept in jarrah forest soil in the laboratory lost weight over 30 days, in contrast to an indigenous species of earthworm. How and when earthworm species were introduced is discussed in terms of the early European history of the jarrah forest.

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2

Stukely, M. J. C., J. L. Webster, J. A. Ciampini, N. L. Kerp, I. J. Colquhoun, W. A. Dunstan, and G. E. St J. Hardy. "A new homothallicPhytophthorafrom the jarrah forest in Western Australia." Australasian Plant Disease Notes 2, no. 1 (2007): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/dn07022.

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3

McDougall, K. L., R. J. Hobbs, and G. E. St J. Hardy. "Distribution of understorey species in forest affected by Phytophthora cinnamomi in south-western Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 53, no. 8 (2005): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt04203.

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The introduced soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands infects and kills a large number of species in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn. ex Smith) forest of Western Australia, causing great floristic and structural change. Many of the floristic changes can be explained simply by the known susceptibility of species to infection. Some common species, however, are rarely found at infested sites but are thought to be resistant to infection. It has been postulated that such species may be affected by the change in habitat caused by the death of trees, and not by P. cinnamomi directly. If this were the case, such species should cluster around surviving trees at infested sites. The occurrence of a susceptible species in the vicinity of trees surviving at infested sites has also been reported. To investigate the spatial relationship between trees and understorey species, the positions of trees and selected perennial understorey species were mapped at two sites in jarrah forest long-affected by P. cinnamomi. Random sets of plants and trees were generated and used in simulations to test whether understorey species grew closer to trees than expected. Many understorey species, both resistant and susceptible to infection by P. cinnamomi, were found to grow closer than expected to trees currently growing at the sites and closer to the trees that would have been present at the time of infestation. This suggests that not only do these trees enable some resistant species to persist at infested sites but that they also offer protection to some susceptible species against damage by P. cinnamomi. The proximity of many understorey species to trees that are likely to have appeared at the study sites since the first infestation indicates that the maintenance and enhancement of tree cover at infested sites in the jarrah forest may limit the damage caused by P. cinnamomi and assist in the protection of biodiversity.

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4

Craig, Michael D. "The ecology of the rufous treecreeper in the jarrah forest of south-western Australia and implications for its conservation and management." Australian Journal of Zoology 55, no. 1 (2007): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo06046.

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Rufous treecreepers (Climacteris rufa) are common in southern jarrah forests of Western Australia, but nothing has been recorded of their ecology in the region. I investigated the foraging and nesting ecology of the species in the southern jarrah forests from January 1994 to April 1996. Rufous treecreepers foraged exclusively on two eucalypt species, jarrah and marri, and foraged on trees that were significantly larger and taller than random. Foraging on the ground, logs and fallen trees was relatively infrequent. Nest hollows were also located exclusively in jarrah and marri trees that were significantly larger and taller than random. The important foraging and nesting resources for the species in the southern jarrah forest appear to be large mature and overmature eucalypts. Anthropogenic impacts in the region, primarily logging, should aim to retain these resources in affected areas to improve the survival prospects of the species. When compared with studies in wandoo woodlands, the results of the present study indicate that the conservation of ground-layer habitat is likely to be of less importance in the jarrah forest. These habitat differences indicate that site-specific information is critical if the management and conservation of individual species is to be effective.

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5

McChesney, Catherine J., John M. Koch, and David T. Bell. "Jarrah Forest Restoration in Western Australia: Canopy and Topographic Effects." Restoration Ecology 3, no. 2 (June 1995): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.1995.tb00083.x.

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6

Koch, John M., and Glen P. Samsa. "Restoring Jarrah Forest Trees after Bauxite Mining in Western Australia." Restoration Ecology 15 (December 12, 2007): S17—S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2007.00289.x.

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7

Abbott, I., P. Van Heurck, T. Burbidge, and A. Wills. "Factors influencing the performance of jarrah leafminer (Lepidoptera) within stands of jarrah forest of Western Australia." Australian Forestry 57, no. 4 (January 1994): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1994.10676133.

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8

Grant, Carl D., and John Koch. "Orchid species succession in rehabilitated bauxite mines in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 4 (2003): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02127.

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Twenty-three orchid species were recorded in Alcoa's permanent vegetation-monitoring plots in unmined and rehabilitated jarrah forest. Of these, 22 were identified in the unmined jarrah forest and 20 were recorded in rehabilitated areas of between 1 and 31 years old. Three species (Cyrtostylis ovata, Lyperanthus serratus and Prasophyllum elatum) were only recorded in the unmined forest and one species was only recorded in rehabilitated areas (Diuris carinata). The overall density of native orchids in the forest was 13 755 plants ha–1, 10 times greater than the density in rehabilitated areas (1381 plants ha–1). The most abundant species in the forest were Cyrtostylis robusta, Caladenia flava, Pterostylis nana and Thelymitra crinita, all with densities greater than 1000 plants ha–1. The most abundant species in the rehabilitated areas were Microtis media, Disa bracteata (an introduced species), Caladenia flava, Pterostylis nana, Diuris longifolia and Pterostylis vittata, all with densities greater than 60 plants ha–1. In rehabilitation older than 10 years, the density of orchids increased to 2685 plants ha–1. Burning in rehabilitated areas resulted in large increases in orchid densities. It is believed that orchid colonisation of rehabilitated bauxite mines is dependent on symbiotic mycorrhiza, which are in turn dependent on development of an organic litter component in the soil.

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9

Majer, Jonathan D., Harry F. Recher, Christopher Norwood, and Brian E. Heterick. "Variation in bird assemblages and their invertebrate prey in eucalypt formations across a rainfall gradient in south-west Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 23, no. 4 (2017): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc17024.

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Our previous work has shown how invertebrate food resources influence usage of tree species by birds. Using data from Western Australian forests and woodlands, we extend the findings to indicate how the avifauna is influenced by these resources at the landscape level. The northern dry sclerophyll forest of south-west Australia comprises jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) to the west, with an abrupt replacement by wandoo (E. wandoo) plus powderbark wandoo (E. accedens) woodland to the east; codominant marri (Corymbia calophylla) trees occur throughout. Knockdown samples have previously indicated that the canopy invertebrate fauna is richer and more abundant in wandoo woodland than in jarrah/marri forest. To provide an indication of their general abundance and diversity in these formations, invertebrates using the trunks of the ubiquitous marri were measured along a transect from jarrah/marri forest to wandoo woodland. Mirroring the canopy, the trunk fauna had high species turnover over short distances. As with the canopy fauna, invertebrate diversity and abundance was higher on marri situated in the wandoo zone than in the jarrah/marri areas, indicating a generally larger invertebrate fauna in the drier regions of the transect. Abundance and diversity of birds, many of which are wholly or partly insectivorous, were measured at the same sites. Birds were more abundant and there were more species in areas with the wandoo species than in those dominated by jarrah/marri. Assemblage composition also differed in the two forest types. It is evident that changes in bird abundance, richness, and assemblage composition are likely determined on a landscape scale by the type, abundance, and diversity of food resources available to them. These patterns of change within forest invertebrate faunas and their primary vertebrate predators need to be considered when making decisions on conserving or managing forest communities in Australia.

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10

Ruprecht, J. K., and G. L. Stoneman. "Water yield issues in the jarrah forest of south-western Australia." Journal of Hydrology 150, no. 2-4 (October 1993): 369–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90117-r.

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11

Collins, Brian G., and James Grey. "PREFERENTIAL FORAGING BY HONEYEATERS IN THE JARRAH FOREST OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Ostrich 60, sup1 (January 1989): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1989.9639614.

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12

Biggs, P. H. "Aerial tree volume functions for eucalypts in Western Australia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-251.

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Large-scale, fixed-base aerial photography is being used together with ground sampling in a major inventory of eucalypt forest in Western Australia. This paper describes the aerial tree volume functions derived for that inventory, covering species in the jarrah (Eucalyptusmarginata) forest. The equations, derived from ground measurements, predict gross bole volume from estimates of total height and vary with the site quality of the forest. They are used to predict volume from photomeasurements of total height that have been corrected for measurement error. The functions appear suitable for this forest type, although the volumes of veteran trees with severely damaged crowns are underestimated.

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13

Bell, DT, S. Vlahos, and LE Watson. "Stimulation of Seed-Germination of Understorey Species of the Northern Jarrah Forest of Western-Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 35, no. 5 (1987): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9870593.

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Glasshouse trials in trays of soil measured the germination response to high temperatures and the presence of charcoal in 40 non-leguminous understorey species of the northern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Smith) forest. Species producing relatively low proportions of viable and germinable seeds tended to be the long-lived resprouting species where reproductive output may not be of major adaptive significance. Three species, Conostylis setosa, Trymalium ledifolium and T. spathulaturn, with seed stored in the soil, were stimulated to germinate by high temperatures. Bradysporous, obligate reseeding species showed either no temperature effect (mainly species of Dryandra) or death at high temperatures (species of Hakea, whose seeds normally are protected by woody fruits). Charred wood of Eucalyptus marginata induced an increase in the proportion of Burchardia umbellata germinating under the test conditions. Relationships of the seed germination results to aspects of r- and K- selection theory and fire management policy in the northern jarrah forest are also discussed.

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14

Abbott, Ian, and Allan Wills. "Biodiversity of canopy arthropods in Jarrah forest of south-west Western Australia: review of ecological theory and conservation management." Pacific Conservation Biology 7, no. 2 (2001): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010101.

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A theory proposed in 1996 by Recher, Majer and Ganesh linking biodiversity of forest canopy arthropods to site productivity is analysed. Available evidence from Jarrah Eucalyptus marginata forest is inconsistent with this model. We instead propose that increased habitat variety and temperature and rainfall clines are the major environmental factors that determine canopy arthropod species richness. Biodiversity gradients for mammal, landbird and reptile species across south-west Western Australia appear to provide an appropriate model for forest insect faunas. These gradients predict that the most diverse canopy fauna should occur in the eastern Jarrah and Wandoo forests. Precautionary forest management policies and procedures currently in place to conserve the poorly collected and inadequately known arthropod fauna of tree crowns in Jarrah forest are summarized and discussed. In essence, these maximize habitat diversity at landscape scales. Major conservation threats are considered to be factors that reduce leaf area at large spatial (Phytophthora infection) and temporal scales (summer wildfire and defoliating insect outbreaks). Logging is not considered significant because it is constrained to small spatial scales (10 ha for the most extreme treatment) and long return times (2-3 decades).

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15

Bunn, SE. "Life histories of some Benthic invetebrates form streams of the Northern Jarrah Forest, Western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 39, no. 6 (1988): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9880785.

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Life history patterns of thirteen species of invertebrates from streams of the northern jarrah forest were examined over a 1-year period. Five species had univoltine cycles with a single cohort and demonstrated a high degree of synchrony of larval development and a restricted period of adult emergence. Two species of Leptophlebiidae also had univoltine cycles but showed the more typical pattern of Australian mayflies, with extended recruitment, multiple overlapping cohorts and a long period of adult emergence. Uroctena sp., a small gammarid, had a generation time of 1 year but showed considerable spatial variation in the degree of synchrony of development. This appeared to be a result of differences in the constancy of stream discharge and was not attributable to differences in the temperature regime of the streams. At least three species demonstrated cohort splitting which resulted in an apparently bivoltine cycle. A life-history pattern of alternating long and short development times is described which, on average, would produce two generations every 3 years. This is considered to be a highly adaptive strategy for Australian stream insects with slow life cycles and can explain the extended periods of recruitment and adult emergence so often observed. Streams of the northern jarrah forest are depauperate compared with other Australian streams, despite predictable temperature and discharge regimes. The insular nature of the south-west Bassian region and its long period of isolation may be the principle cause of this reduced diversity. The invertebrate community of these streams is simple in structure and has a high degree of seasonality that is atypical of the temperate streams of Australia and New Zealand.

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16

MOULTON, JOHN K., PETER H. ADLER, and JANE PRINCE. "An unusual new species of Paracnephia Rubtsov (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Western Australia." Zootaxa 409, no. 1 (January 16, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.409.1.1.

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Paracnephia gladiator is described from fast-flowing streams of the Jarrah Forest, Darling Plateau, Western Australia. Diagnostic characters are provided for all life stages after the egg. The generic assignment is tentative given the limited understanding of relationships among Gondwanan Simuliidae previously assigned to Prosimuliini. The M-shaped median sclerite of the male terminalia and the large calcipala suggest phylogenetic affinity with the Neotropical genera Araucnephia and Araucnephioides. The simple tarsal claw suggests that females are mammalophilic. Females are attracted to humans but do not bite.

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17

Koch, John M. "Restoring a Jarrah Forest Understorey Vegetation after Bauxite Mining in Western Australia." Restoration Ecology 15 (December 12, 2007): S26—S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2007.00290.x.

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18

VLAHOS, STEPHEN, and DAVID T. BELL. "Soil seed-bank components of the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia." Austral Ecology 11, no. 2 (June 1986): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1986.tb01388.x.

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19

Webala, Paul W., Michael D. Craig, Bradley S. Law, Kyle N. Armstrong, Adrian F. Wayne, and J. Stuart Bradley. "Bat habitat use in logged jarrah eucalypt forests of south-western Australia." Journal of Applied Ecology 48, no. 2 (December 30, 2010): 398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01934.x.

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20

Abbott, I., and PV Heurck. "Tree Species Preferences of Foraging Birds in Jarrah Forest in Western Australia." Wildlife Research 12, no. 3 (1985): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850461.

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A study of foraging by 10 bird species suggests that selective logging of large Eucalyptus marginata will only have affected Melithreptus lunatus, but that proposed silvicultural treatments, including removal of Banksia grandis, may affect several other bird species.

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21

Stoneman, G. L., and N. J. Schofield. "Silviculture for water production in jarrah forest of Western Australia: an evaluation." Forest Ecology and Management 27, no. 3-4 (June 1989): 273–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(89)90111-4.

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22

Soderquist, T. R., and M. Serena. "Dietary niche of the western quoll, Dasyurus geoffroii, in the jarrah forest of Western Australia." Australian Mammalogy 17, no. 1 (1994): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am94019.

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23

Schofield, NJ. "Predicting the effects of land disturbances on stream salinity in southwest Western Australia." Soil Research 26, no. 2 (1988): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9880425.

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A model developed by A. J. Peck to predict the effects of land disturbances on stream salinity has been extended to take account of increased stream runoff, and applied to the jarrah forest region with improved parameter estimates. Validation on Wights experimental catchment suggests that the model is capable of reliable predictions in the case of agricultural clearing. However, the extended model did not provide discernibly better predictions than the original model. When applied to rainfall zones of the northern jarrah forest of W.A., the model predicted that agricultural clearing would result in average stream salinity increases of -70 mg 1 for the high rainfall zone (> 1100 mm yr-1), of -270 mg L-1 for the intermediate rainfall zone (900-1100 mm yr-1), and of ~3400 mg L-1 for the low rainfall zone (<900 mm yr-1). In the case of bauxite mining followed by reforestation, the model was limited to consideration of long-term effects, and neglected transient effects. Predicted stream salinity increases were considerably smaller than for agricultural clearing, primarily because mining involves clearing smaller areas, and these areas are reforested. The model is sensitive to variations in parameter values which implies that a wide range of stream salinity increases could occur within any one rainfall zone, due to the variation of local conditions.

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24

Dundas, Shannon J. "Tell-tale testicles: observations of morphological abnormalities in small, spatially restricted mainland quokka (Setonix brachyurus) populations." Australian Mammalogy 41, no. 1 (2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am17045.

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The quokka (Setonix brachyurus) exists in spatially restricted populations in the northern jarrah forest in south-west Western Australia. Observations were made of adult male quokkas exhibiting morphological anomalies (cryptorchidism and micropthalmia) that may be indicative of inbreeding within these populations. Despite the presence of males with abnormalities that could potentially affect their fertility, most females captured were carrying a pouch young or feeding a joey at foot. Field researchers and managers should routinely report abnormalities seen in wild captured animals. Reduced genetic diversity of quokka populations in the northern jarrah forest may not be the key threatening process and preservation of habitat may be more important to ensure persistence of populations. Future management of this species in the northern jarrah forest should include up-to-date occurrence mapping across their range using targeted camera trap surveys and management of habitat to improve connectivity between populations.

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25

Wayne, A. F., C. G. Ward, J. F. Rooney, C. V. Vellios, and D. B. Lindenmayer. "The life history of Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus (Phalangeridae) in the jarrah forest of south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 53, no. 4 (2005): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05008.

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The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is noted for its morphological, biological and ecological variability across its range. Despite having suffered substantial population declines since European settlement, relatively little has been published on the south-western Australian subspecies, the koomal (T. v. hypoleucus). This study reports morphological, reproductive and general life-history data from an 18-month study of a population in the southern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest at Chariup (part of Perup), near Manjimup, in south-western Australia. As one of the smallest subspecies, adult males of T. v. hypoleucus averaged 1616 g and females averaged 1470 g. Sexual dimorphism also occurred with head length and pes length, but not tail length. A single autumn breeding season occurred in both 2002 and 2003, in which all adult females bred and produced a single young between February and May. The onset of autumn births was associated with the end of the summer drought. Unlike many other Trichosurus populations, no spring breeding pulse or ‘double-breeding’ events were observed. At least 83% of pouch young survived to pouch emergence. The growth rate of offspring was initially linear, but became curvilinear and approached an asymptote after ~5 months. Most females bred for the first time when they were 1 year old. On the basis of testis size, males also matured at 1 year old. The body condition of adult males, but not adult females, changed significantly over time and followed an apparently seasonal pattern in which their condition was poorest in winter and best in summer. While many of the life-history traits of the Chariup population were similar to those of other south-western Australian populations of T. v. hypoleucus, the most striking variations included age at maturity, extent of spring breeding pulse and female fecundity. Further comparisons with conspecifics elsewhere in Australia and New Zealand also highlight the variability exhibited by T. vulpecula across its range. Some aspects of the biology of T. v. hypoleucus were particularly similar to those observed for T. v. arnhemensis in northern Australia.

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26

Murray, DIL. "Rhizosphere Microorganisms From the Jarrah Forest of Western Australia and Their Effects on Vegetative Growth and Sporulation in Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands." Australian Journal of Botany 35, no. 5 (1987): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9870567.

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Soil dilution plate techniques were used to compare the numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the rhizospheres of Acacia pulchella, Banksia grandis and Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah). The most frequently isolated microorganisms and those detected in significantly different numbers in the rhizospheres of the three species were tested for their effects on sporangium production, zoospore discharge, zoospore germination and mycelial growth of the jarrah dieback pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. The total population of fungi in rhizosphere soil from B. grandis was much greater than that found in the rhizospheres of the other two species while the convesse was true for bacteria and actinomycetes, of which the largest populations were associated with A. pulchella. Penicillium spinulosum outnum- bered the combined population of other fungi in the Banksia rhizosphere but formed a much smaller proportion of the jarrah and Acacia rhizosphere microfloras, particularly the latter. P. spinulosum had no effect on mycelial growth or zoospore discharge in P. cinnamomi; it had some ability to stimulete sporangium production and, although it partly suppressed spore germination, the inhibitory effect was less pronounced than that noted for most other microorganisms. In contrast, microorganisms which strongly inhibited mycelial growth, zoospore discharge and germination represented a greater proportion of the Acacia rhizosphere microflora compared with the other microfloras, especially that of B. grandis. While some actinornycetes and fungi produced antibiotics that inhibited vegetative growth of P. cinnamomi in dual cultures, mycelial inhibition was often attributable to nutrient depletion of agar media by the test microorganisms. Similarly, nutrient deprivation resulting from microbial competition for substrates was also considered to be the stimulus for sporangium production in liquid media. The results are discussed in relation to previously reported suppression of P. cinnamomi in forest soils beneath stands of A. pulchella and the associated implications of this for biological control of jarrah dieback.

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27

Wayne, A. F., J. F. Rooney, C. G. Ward, C. V. Vellios, and D. B. Lindenmayer. "The life history of Pseudocheirus occidentalis (Pseudocheiridae) in the jarrah forest of south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 53, no. 5 (2005): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05026.

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Life-history attributes are described for the threatened ngwayir or western ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus occidentalis) in inland jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest east of Manjimup, south-western Australia. Data on 81 individuals were collected over 18 months. There was no sexual dimorphism and body size was similar to that found in other P. occidentalis populations, but larger than the closely related P. peregrinus in eastern Australia. Breeding at Chariup was more strongly seasonal than that of coastal populations, with 77% of births in May–June and the remainder in October–November. All neonates were singletons except for one instance of non-viable twins. No females bred twice in the same year. The growth rate of the head length of pouch young (<5 months of age) was 0.245–0.362 mm day–1 and curvilinear toward an asymptote thereafter. Temporal variations in body condition, coat condition and ectoparasites were significant. Mortality was highly seasonal (84% of deaths were April–September) and predominantly caused by predation, mainly by fox (Vulpes vulpes) and cat (Felis catus). More effective and strategic control of introduced predators prior to and during autumn/winter, could therefore improve the viability of jarrah forest populations. Nutrition appears to influence many of the life-history traits of P. occidentalis. Nutrition also may partly explain the differences in size, life history and conservation status between P. occidentalis and P. peregrinus.

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28

Wayne, A. F., A. Cowling, C. G. Ward, J. F. Rooney, C. V. Vellios, D. B. Lindenmayer, and C. F. Donnelly. "A comparison of survey methods for arboreal possums in jarrah forest, Western Australia." Wildlife Research 32, no. 8 (2005): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04094.

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Comparative trials of different survey methods were conducted in the southern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest to determine the most efficient means of detecting koomal (common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus) and ngwayir (western ringtail possum, Pseudocheirus occidentalis). In particular, we examined different trapping and spotlighting methods and compared these with scat surveys. Six different trapping methods (derived by combining three bait types and two trap positions) were compared at six sites. Significantly fewer koomal were caught on ‘universal’ bait (i.e. peanut butter, rolled oats and sardines) than on flour-based baits using rose oil or Eucalyptus oil as lures. Significantly more individuals of both possum species were caught in arboreal traps than in ground traps (P < 0.001 in both cases). Recapture rates of koomal were high, whereas ngwayir were rarely retrapped. There were no detection differences between six different spotlighting methods (derived by combining three spotlight intensities with two filter colours) for koomal. Significantly more ngwayir were detected using 50-W or 100-W lights than 20-W lights (P = 0.01). There were no significant differences in the detection rates for ngwayir using red or white light. There were, however, significant observer differences in the number of possums of both species detected (koomal, P = 0.025; ngwayir, P = 0.004). Spotlighting detected, on average, only 4.9% of the koomal ‘known to be alive’ by trapping. However, spotlighting with a 50-W or 100-W spotlight detected more ngwayir than did trapping. Koomal abundance measures derived from scat surveys were not related to trapping or spotlight abundance estimates. For ngwayir, however, scat counts were strongly related to spotlight counts and there were no significant observer differences for the former. We conclude that koomal are more effectively surveyed using arboreal trapping with rose or Eucalyptus lures. Ngwayir are best surveyed using scat surveys or 50-W spotlights.

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29

Doherty, Tim S., Briana N. Wingfield, Vicki L. Stokes, Michael D. Craig, Jessica G. H. Lee, Hugh C. Finn, and Michael C. Calver. "Successional changes in feeding activity by threatened cockatoos in revegetated mine sites." Wildlife Research 43, no. 2 (2016): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15053.

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Context Provision of key habitat resources is essential for effectively managing species that have specific ecological requirements and occur in production landscapes. Threatened black cockatoos in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of Western Australia have a wide range, so their conservation requires support from all land tenures, not just reserves. Mining in the jarrah forest temporarily removes cockatoo feeding habitat, so it is important to understand how cockatoos exploit revegetated areas for food resources. Aims We aimed to determine whether there were successional patterns in cockatoo feeding activity in revegetation aged from 4 to 23 years at three mine sites in the jarrah forest in south-western Australia. Methods We surveyed 232 plots in revegetation to document (1) structural and floristic variation in vegetation across mine sites and revegetation ages, (2) differences in cockatoo feeding activity across mine sites and revegetation ages on the basis of feeding residues and (3) any edge effect reflecting preferential use of vegetation at the interior or exterior of mine pits. We also documented the frequency of occurrence of cockatoo food plants and feeding residues in 480 plots in unmined forest to compare with revegetated areas. Key results Marri (Corymbia calophylla) and jarrah were commonly consumed in unmined forest and Banksia and Hakea species were also fed on to a lesser extent. Revegetated mine pits provided food within 4 years and continued to do so up until the oldest plots studied (23 years). The relative importance of food plants shifted from proteaceous species in young revegetation to myrtaceous species in intermediate to older revegetation. However, extent of feeding on myrtaceous species in older revegetation did not equate to feeding rates in unmined forest, with lower frequencies recorded in revegetation. Conclusions Black cockatoos fed in revegetation at all three mine sites, despite variations in vegetation age, structure and floristics. Feeding on proteaceous and myrtaceous food plants occurred within 4 and 7 years of revegetation being established, respectively, indicating that some food resources are restored quickly after mining disturbance of the jarrah forest. Implications Our results emphasise the importance of monitoring fauna recolonisation over appropriate time scales, to understand how successional processes in revegetation influence fauna population persistence in production landscapes.

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Millar, M. A., M. Byrne, D. J. Coates, M. J. C. Stukely, and J. A. McComb. "Mating system studies in jarrah, Eucalyptus marginata (Myrtaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 4 (2000): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt98088.

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Estimates of outcrossing rate were determined for four populations of Eucalyptus marginata from the jarrah forest in south-west Western Australia. The mean multilocus outcrossing rate (t = 0.81) was high in all populations and was towards the high end of the range of outcrossing rates that have been observed in other mass-flowering eucalypt species. A significant proportion of the inbreeding detected appeared to be due to biparental inbreeding, and the levels of correlated paternity were unexpectedly high. Differences between populations were generally not significant, although trees from a disturbed site affected by disease showed lower outcrossing, higher biparental inbreeding and higher correlated paternity, suggesting an increase in population structure compared with trees from disease-free sites.

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Rokich, DP, and DT Bell. "Light Quality and Intensity Effects on the Germination of Species From the Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Forest of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 43, no. 2 (1995): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9950169.

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Eucalyptus marginata Donn. ex Sm. (jarrah) produces a canopy that reduces light intensity, but has only minimal effects on the relative proportions of particular wavelengths (light quality). Under controlled laboratory conditions, variation in light quality did not affect the germination of the representative jarrah forest species. In Eucalyptus marginata, E. calophylla Lindley, Acacia drummondii subsp. candolleana Lindley, and Kennedia prostrata R.Br., however, percentage germination under controlled laboratory conditions was greater in full darkness and seven restricted wavelength treatments than in full white light. Difference in response between full white light treatment (86 mu mol m-2 s-1) and the s restricted wavelength trials (2-8 μmol m-2 s-1) indicated a possible effect of light intensity. Compared with complete darkness and a white light intensity of 1 mu mol m-2 s-1, white light intensities of 26 and 146 mu mol m-2 s-1 reduced germination percentage in the canopy species, E. marginata, E. calophylla, and the understorey species, Acacia lateriticola Maslin, Bossiaea aquifolium Benth., Gompholobium knightianum Lindley, G. marginatum R.Br., G. tomentosum Labill. and Sphaerolobium vimineum Smith. By comparison with dark conditions, no light-inhibited germination at 146 mu mol m-2 s-1 was recorded for Acacia drummondii subsp. candolleana, Chorizema ilicifolium Labill., Kennedia coccinea Vent. and Xanthorrhoea gracilis Endl. An ability to sense light and remain dormant is adaptive in relation to seed burial and a subsequent increase in the survival potential of seedlings due to greater moisture availability. This light-sensing capacity was most prevalent in the small-seeded (< 10 mg) species of this Mediterranean-type climate forest. Most of the small-seeded species are likely to be buried by ants facilitated by elaiosomes or by falling into minute cavities in the gravelly soils of the jarrah forest.

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Dundas, Shannon J., Peter J. Adams, and Patricia A. Fleming. "Population monitoring of an endemic macropod, the quokka (Setonix brachyurus), in the northern jarrah forest, Western Australia." Australian Mammalogy 40, no. 1 (2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am16033.

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Monitoring populations of threatened species plays a part in continued conservation and contributes to assessment of how effective management actions are. We estimated population indices and studied cohort demographics of mainland populations of quokkas (Setonix brachyurus) at 14 sites across the northern jarrah forest. One site is currently monitored through annual trapping, seven were intensively surveyed a decade previously, while six sites had no previous monitoring. Across the 14 study sites, no quokkas were detected at one site and the other population estimates ranged from 5 to 25 adults. Most females (86% of capture events) carried a pouch young or were lactating (indicating a young at foot). Quokka populations at the eight previously-surveyed sites showed variable population changes. We discuss likely contributing factors, including broad-scale fox baiting and fire. Comparative studies of native species over time are important; however, such comparison has limited capacity to explain population changes without comparable methods or where relevant contributing factors (e.g. predator numbers, habitat change) have not likewise been monitored. The threat of changing climate in the northern jarrah forest (where increasing temperatures and greater frequency of drought have been witnessed over the last decades) and implications for control of fire regimes increases the urgency for an updated review of quokka populations to guide appropriate management actions.

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REID, CHRIS A. M., JOSÉ A. JURADO-RIVERA, and MAX BEATSON. "A new genus of Chrysomelinae from Australia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." Zootaxa 2207, no. 1 (August 24, 2009): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2207.1.2.

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A new genus, Canobolas Reid, Jurado-Rivera & Beatson, is erected for four species of Chrysomelinae: C. nobilis (Lea) (comb. nov. from Geomela Lea, and type species), C. jarrah sp. nov., C. minang sp. nov. and C. tubrabucca sp. nov., all of which are described. Canobolas is endemic to Australia, where it is confined to the far western and eastern edges of the continent. All species are flightless, with narrow ranges. Feeding has not been observed and immature stages are unknown but the hostplant range may be wide, by inference from plant DNA sequenced from one specimen of C. nobilis. Canobolas is compared with other genera of Chrysomelinae.

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McDougall, K. L., R. J. Hobbs, and G. E. St Hardy. "Vegetation of Phytophthora cinnamomi-infested and adjoining uninfested sites in the northern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 50, no. 3 (2002): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt01096.

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The vegetation of seven sites in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia infested with Phytophthora cinnamomi was recorded and compared with adjoining vegetation. The number of species per quadrat was found to be the same in vegetation affected by P. cinnamomi as in healthy vegetation, although there were more species overall in affected vegetation. Vegetation of uninfested sites had a higher cover and more species per quadrat of trees and shrubs and lower cover and fewer species per quadrat of annual plants than vegetation of infested sites. Although many species that are known to be highly susceptible to infection by P. cinnamomi were rare at infested sites, only two (Banksia grandis and Tetratheca hirsuta) were absent from all of the 50-year-old infested parts of sites. Several species that are known to be highly susceptible to infection by P. cinnamomi were as common at infested as at healthy sites. The presence of such species at infested sites and the capacity of P. cinnamomi to infect species it does not kill suggest that this pathogen will persist and continue to influence future vegetation in the jarrah forest.

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Bunn, Stuart E. "Aspects of the functional organization of streams of the northern jarrah forest, Western Australia." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 23, no. 3 (October 1988): 1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1987.11898027.

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Dole, David, and Paul Brennan. "AN ECONOMIC TOOL FOR EVALUATING DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN THE JARRAH FORESTS OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA*." Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics 40, no. 3 (December 1996): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.1996.tb00596.x.

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Wege, Juliet A. "A taxonomic revision of the Stylidium despectum group (Stylidiaceae) from southern Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 24, no. 6 (2011): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb11020.

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A morphological review of the diminutive annual species from the Stylidium despectum R.Br. group (Stylidiaceae) is presented. Twelve species are recognised, of which 10 are endemic in the south-west of Western Australia and two are widespread across southern temperate Australia. Following examination of type material, herbarium collections and field observations, a change of circumscription is presented for S. despectum and S. inundatum R.Br. The former name is applied to a widespread species that occurs in Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania, and is characterised by scattered or rosetted leaves, pink and/or white corolla lobes in a fan-shaped arrangement, and an immobile floral column. S. brachyphyllum Sond. is newly placed into synonymy under S. despectum and a lectotype selected. S. inundatum is redefined as a south-western Australian endemic with scattered leaves, vertically-paired or evenly spreading corolla lobes, and a mobile floral column. A lectotype is designated for S. inundatum, and S. sidjamesii Lowrie & Kenneally is treated as conspecific. S. beaugleholei J.H.Willis is confirmed for Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania. S. asymmetricum Wege, a new and apparently rare species from the Northern Jarrah Forest in south-western Australia, is formally described and revised descriptions are provided for S. longitubum Benth., S. pygmaeum R.Br., S. rhipidium F.L.Erickson & J.H.Willis, S. roseoalatum F.L.Erickson & J.H.Willis, S. roseonanum Carlquist, S. tinkeri Lowrie & Kenneally, S. utricularioides Benth. and S. xanthopis F.L.Erickson & J.H.Willis. A lectotype is designated for S. longitubum Benth. and S. utricularioides var. rosulatum Mildbr. is newly placed into synonymy under S. roseoalatum. A key to species is provided, along with photographs to aid identification. Further field-based studies are required to refine the taxonomy of this group and to better understand the distribution, rarity and conservation status of some of the taxa. In Western Australia, seven species are listed as being of conservation concern, of which S. asymmetricum, S. tinkeri and S. xanthopis require immediate further survey to ascertain whether they should be given Threatened Flora status.

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Abbott, Ian, and Paul Van Heurck. "Response of bird populations in jarrah and yarri forest in Western Australia following removal of half the canopy of the jarrah forest." Australian Forestry 48, no. 4 (January 1985): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1985.10674450.

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Abbott, I., P. Van Heurck, and T. Burbidge. "Ecology of the pest insect jarrah leaf miner (Lepidoptera) in relation to fire and timber harvesting in jarrah forest in Western Australia." Australian Forestry 56, no. 3 (January 1993): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1993.10674614.

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Bunny, F. J., D. S. Crombie, and M. R. Williams. "Growth of lesions of Phytophthoracinnamomi in stems and roots of jarrah (Eucalyptusmarginata) in relation to rainfall and stand density in mediterranean forest of Western Australia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 961–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-104.

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The effects of reduced stand density on (i) water status of jarrah (Eucalyptusmarginata Donn ex Sm.) and (ii) growth rate of artificially induced lesions of Phytophthoracinnamomi Rands in phloem of E. marginata were examined. Plots in the high ( > 1100 mm•year−1), intermediate (900–1100 mm•year−1), and low ( < 900 mm•year−1) rainfall zones of the jarrah forest were thinned to controlled fractions of original stand density. Phytophthoracinnamomi lesions in the phloem of stems and roots were established by wound inoculation. Lesions of P. cinnamomi were longer in stems of trees with small water deficits than in trees with larger water deficits. For example, in 1991 at the intermediate rainfall site, water potentials and lesion lengths of trees on unthinned and thinned plots were −1.1 and −0.9 MPa and 23 and 45 cm, respectively. Lesions grew more slowly in roots than in stems (average 10.0 and 26.2 cm, respectively, after 55 days at unthinned high rainfall site in 1991); however, the relative difference between lesions in trees with the highest and lowest water potentials was greater in roots (up to 2.7 times) than in stems. Lesion extension was also affected by summer rainfall, with longer lesions occurring in summers of highest rainfall. Viability of P. cinnamomi in 10-week-old and 1-year-old lesions decreased as tree water deficits increased. Differences in lesion extension between jarrah in different amounts of summer rainfall were largely explained by differences in dawn water potential.

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Ruprecht, JK, and NJ Schofield. "In situ neutron moisture meter calibration in lateritic soils." Soil Research 28, no. 2 (1990): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900153.

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An in situ calibration procedure for complex lateritic soils of the jarrah forest of Western Australia is described. The calibration is based on non-destructive sampling of each access tube and on a regression of change in water content on change in neutron count ratio at 'wet' and 'dry' times of the year. Calibration equations with adequate precision were produced. ever, there were high residual errors in the calibration equations which were due to a number of factors including soil water variability, the presence of a duricrust layer, soil sampling of gravelly soils and the variability of the cement slurry annulus surrounding each access tube. The calibration equations derived did not compare well with those from other studies in south-west Western Australia, but there was reasonable agreement with the general equations obtained by the Institute of Hydrology, U.K.

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Abbott, I. "Influence of some environmental factors on indigenous earthworms in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia." Soil Research 23, no. 2 (1985): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850271.

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Indigenous species of earthworms (Family Megascolecidae) are widely distributed throughout the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia. They occur not at random, but in an aggregated pattern well described by a negative binomial. Earthworms are only active in the topsoil (to depth of 5.5 cm) when soil moisture (gravimetric) exceeds 4%. This occurs from May until November. The number of species occurring in jarrah forest at any place, and the frequency of occurrence, biomass and density of earthworms, vary with average annual rainfall. In the zone of highest rainfall six or seven species occur together, frequency of occurrence is 40-60%, and total biomass and total density do not exceed 8 g m-2 and 40 m-2 respectively, and generally average much less. In the lowest rainfall zone only one or two species occur in any one locality, with total density much less than 10 m-2. Multiple regression analyses between four earthworm variables and 20 site and soil characteristics were highly successful in that up to three predictor variables yielded coefficients of determination exceeding 0.70. The most useful predictor variables were rainfall zone, forest basal area, soil pH and proportion of silt and clay in the topsoil (to depth of 15 cm). Recurrent low intensity (spring) fires and a single moderate intensity fire (summer) have minor direct and indirect effects on earthworms. Logging also has scant effect on their frequency of occurrence. The land use most adverse to earthworms is the clearing of forest for mining of bauxite or gravel. The effect on earthworms of clearing of forest and subsequent reforestation with pines varies: in one case there was an adverse effect, whereas in two others there was no difference.

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Lee, J. G. H., H. C. Finn, and M. C. Calver. "Ecology of black cockatoos at a mine-site in the eastern jarrah-marri forest, western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 19, no. 1 (2013): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc130076.

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Three threatened black cockatoos inhabit the Jarrah Eucalyptus marginata-Marri Corymbia calophylla forest of southwestern Australia: Baudin’s Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus baudinii, Carnaby’s Cockatoo C. latirostris, and Forest Redtailed Black Cockatoo C. banksii naso [FRTBC]. Their local ecology in relation to anthropogenic disturbance is poorly known, hampering effective conservation management. Therefore we studied their group size, site occupancy patterns, habitat use, and food plants at a mine-site and its surrounds in the eastern forest over three years. FRTBC showed similar group sizes and occupancy across seasons, suggesting year-round residency and no marked seasonality in movements and grouping patterns. In contrast, Carnaby’s Cockatoos were up to twice as abundant in spring and summer, indicating migrating or transient flocks and some year-round residents. Few Baudin’s Cockatoos were present in summer, but their abundance increased at other times. All three cockatoos were observed in modified or humanmade habitats such as mine-site rehabilitation, farm paddocks, and pine plantations. Carnaby’s Cockatoos used the broadest habitat range. We documented feeding on 16 plant species, with Carnaby’s Cockatoos eating at least 10. Examination of feeding residues as well as observations of behaviour were essential to obtain a complete picture of feeding. Current mine-site rehabilitation protocols provide food for all three black cockatoos within a decade and should continue to do so long-term if Marri is maintained in the seed mix. However, because climate change scenarios predict declining rainfall over much of southwestern Australia, the plant species used to revegetate mine-sites and other landscapes may need to be reconsidered. For areas that do not specify restoring a jarrah forest landscape, the selective use of exotic or non-endemic flora better adapted to lower rainfall conditions may be an option.

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Williams, Matthew R., and K. Faunt. "Factors affecting the abundance of hollows in logs in jarrah forest of south-western Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 95, no. 2 (July 1997): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(97)00015-7.

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Daws, Matthew I., Rachel J. Standish, John M. Koch, and Tim K. Morald. "Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer regime affect jarrah forest restoration after bauxite mining in Western Australia." Applied Vegetation Science 16, no. 4 (May 17, 2013): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12046.

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Koch, John M., and Richard J. Hobbs. "Synthesis: Is Alcoa Successfully Restoring a Jarrah Forest Ecosystem after Bauxite Mining in Western Australia?" Restoration Ecology 15 (December 12, 2007): S137—S144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2007.00301.x.

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COLLINS, BRIAN G., and CHARLES NEWLAND. "Honeyeater population changes in relation to food availability in the Jarrah forest of Western Australia." Austral Ecology 11, no. 1 (March 1986): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1986.tb00918.x.

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Koch, John M., Alex M. Ruschmann, and Tim K. Morald. "Effect of time since burn on soil seedbanks in the jarrah forest of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 57, no. 8 (2009): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt09101.

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Bauxite is mined in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Sm.) forest of south-western Australia and 700–800 ha each year are rehabilitated by mining companies. As well as broadcasting seeds and planting, the mine restoration relies heavily on the natural soil seedbank as a means of reinstating plant diversity after mining. The natural soil seedbank is a large but highly variable resource, both spatially and temporally. In the present study, we used 32 sites paired across burn boundaries to determine changes in soil seedbanks due to time since burn. At each site, we took one hundred 100-cm2 soil samples down to 5-cm depth and recorded germinable seeds. The mean total seedbank over all sites was 472 seeds m–2 (90–1210 seeds m–2). Five months after a spring burn, there was a significant decrease in the seedbank of legumes, compared with unburnt sites, probably due to germination in spring immediately after burning. Non-legumes (mostly non-heat-responsive species) did not show this decrease. One year after burning, there was a significant reduction in the total seedbank, presumably due to germination of most species in the winter following the burn. Legumes and non-legumes both showed this decrease. There was a recovery of the soil seedbank by 3 years after burning. This recovery was associated with higher densities of species from the families Apiaceae, Rhamnaceae (Trymalium ledifolium Fenzl), Stylidiaceae, Rutaceae, Centrolepidaceae and Sterculiaceae (Lasiopetalum floribundum Benth.). These families represent annuals, herbaceous species and small perennial shrubs. The recovery was likely due to vigorous flowering, and seed set by seedlings and sometimes resprouts following the burn. Once recovered, the soil seedbank stayed reasonably consistent up to 22 years after burning. Soils stripped 1 year after burning may contribute less plant density and diversity to rehabilitated areas. There is no evidence that the soil seedbank significantly decreases in the longer term with increasing time since burning up to 22 years. The community composition of the soil seedbank was strongly affected by geographical location, with sites closer to each other having similar composition. Only sites 1-year-since burn showed changes in the community composition due to burning.

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Koch, J. M., and S. C. Ward. "Thirteen-year growth of jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) on rehabilitated bauxite mines in south-western Australia." Australian Forestry 68, no. 3 (January 2005): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2005.10674963.

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Koch, John M., Andrew H. Grigg, Ross K. Gordon, and Jonathan D. Majer. "Arthropods in coarse woody debris in jarrah forest and rehabilitated bauxite mines in Western Australia." Annals of Forest Science 67, no. 1 (January 2010): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest/2009087.

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