Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Jauge'
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Carrasco, Piaggio Matias. "Jauge conforme des espaces métriques compacts." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00645284.
Full textBuffenoir, Eric Jacques Michel. "Théories de jauge et groupes quantiques." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPXX0037.
Full textJolicoeur, Thierry. "Théories de Jauge sur réseau et fermions." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606255n.
Full textJolicoeur, Thierry. "Theories de jauge sur reseau avec fermions." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066012.
Full textMaspfuhl, Oliver. "Théorie de jauge et variétés de Poisson." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066209.
Full textVergu, Cristian. "Twisters, cordes et théories de jauge supersymétriques." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066258.
Full textMarcillaud, de Goursac Axel. "Géométrie non-commutativeThéorie de jauge et renormalisation." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112059.
Full textNowadays, noncommutative geometry is a growing domain of mathematics, which can appear as a promising framework for modern physics. Quantum field theories on “noncommutative spaces” are indeed much investigated, and suffer from a new type of divergence called the ultraviolet-infrared mixing. However, this problem has recently been solved by H. Grosse and R. Wulkenhaar by adding to the action of a noncommutative scalar model an harmonic trem, which renders it renormalizable. The aim of this thesis is the extension of this procedure to gauge theories on the Moyal space. Indeed, we have introduced a new noncommutative gauge theory, strongly related to the Grosse-Wulkenhaar model, and candidate to renormalizability. We have then studied the most important properties of this action, and in particular its vacuum configurations. Finally, we give a mathematical interpretation of this new action in terms of a derivation-based differential calculus associated to a superalgebra
Vanel, Thomas. "Systèmes fortement couplés en dualité jauge/gravité." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066188/document.
Full textAs an introduction, we present the original formulation of the AdS/CFT correspondence, between N = 4 Super Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(N) and type IIB string theory on AdS5 x S5. In a first part, we show how the ingredients of the AdS/CFT correspondence can be applied in a phenomenological way to study strongly correlated systems of fermions and present two fundamental models, the electron star and the holographic superconductor. We construct a holographic model for the study of Bose-Fermi systems at finite density and show that the simultaneous presence of bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom is favoured at zero temperature. By solving the field equation of a probe spinor field in these solutions, we show that the system admits a large number of electron-like and/or hole-like Fermi surfaces and a charged scalar condensate. In a second part, we study asymptotically-AdS4 BPS black hole solutions in the N = 2 gauged supergravity theory. Using the duality transformations in a simple STU model, we find new static and rotating BPS black hole solutions
De, Goursac Axel. "Géométrie non-commutative, théorie de jauge et renormalisation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00498767.
Full textCoste, Antoine. "Quelques aspects des théories de Jauge sur réseau." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604220h.
Full textCoste, Antoine. "Quelques aspects des théories de Jauge sur réseau." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22035.
Full textLoizelet, Julien. "Problèmes globaux en relativité générale." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4006/document.
Full textThe main purpose of this thesis is to show the existence of global solutions for the Einstein-Maxwell equations with small, smooth and assymptotically euclidean date for spatial dimensions greater than or equal to 3. To this end, we adapt a method of Lindblad and Rodnianski based on the use of the harmonic gauge, when the space dimension is equal to 3, for Einstein equations coupled with a scalar field. Here, we choose to work with the harmonic gauge and the Lorenz gauge. In a second step, we look at the same equations but with bounded, not necessarily small, initial data and we show that a global solution can be found in a certain area
Ettelt, Dirk. "Conception et fabrication d'un magnétomètre à jauge de contrainte." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744722.
Full textTorrésani, Bruno. "Représentations projectives des groupes de transformations de jauge locales." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601574j.
Full textVictorin, Nicolas. "Gaz quantiques à plusieurs composantes sous champ de jauge." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY049.
Full textThe first observation of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in dilute atomic vapors has been a breakthrough both fundamentally, verifying theoretical concept predicted by Bose and Einstein several decades ago, revealing the statistical property of quantum particles. Since then, a new field has emerged and experimentalists are able to study this artificial matter in a very clean and controllable way. Cold-atom systems allows us to explore a whole range of fundamental phenomena that are extremely difficult or impossible to study in real materials, such as Bloch oscillation, Mott-superfluid transition, topology of band structure, orbital magnetism just to name a few. These progresses allow the quantum simulation of a large class of Hamiltonians subjected to magnetic field. Indeed, condensed matter phenomena under strong magnetic fields are still intriguing and are at the center of modern research. For instance, topological states of matter are realized in quantum Hall systems. A ladder is the simplest geometry where one can get some insight on two-dimensional quantum systems subjected to a synthetic gauge field.The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the study of double ring ladder subjected to gauge fluxes.Through both numerical and analytical calculation we explore the phase diagram of the system revealing known phases such as Meissner, vortex and biased ladder phase and the effect of commensurability of the total flux. Thanks to Bogoliubov approximation we are able to derive the excitation spectrum of the system and the nature of the low energy modes in the different phases revealing supersolid features as well as Josephson oscillation between the rings. The regime of infinite interaction between the boson enabled us to use exact mapping into fermions using Jordan-Wigner transformation to characterize the properties of the ground state. We explore the intermediate regime of interactions. Thanks to mode expansion and re-fermionization approach of the bosonized Hamiltonian of the double ring under gauge flux, we show the peculiarities of finite size periodic boundary condition on the current in the double ring with a rotating barrier inducing gauge flux.Exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities constitute an amazing playground to study quantum fluids of light where remarkable effects, similar to those observed in cold atoms experiments, arise. Even though this quantum fluid of light is assumed to be composed, almost, upon pure condensate, the non-equilibrium nature of the gas make the comparison with typical condensates in cold atom experiment rather non trivial.The second part of the thesis is devoted to the study of excitons-polariton in honeycomb lattice. One of the most interesting aspect of the honeycomb lattice problem is that its low-energy excitations are massless, chiral, Dirac particles. Exciton-polariton, which are composite particle of light, in this lattice get back the relativist character of light but in a context where condensation is possible. Features of bosons in honeycomb lattice including retarded Green’s functions, Brillouin-zone selection mechanism and link between geometry of the lattice. We show that decay mode are suppressed as a consequence of the symmetry of the lattice leading to the possibility to engineer polaritonic dark-state. Then we obtain the Bogoliubov excitation spectrum of exciton-polariton. The usual bistability curve is shown to be unstable above C point showing the break-down of mean-field theory because of possible highly non-classical state. Finally experiment and theory are compared
Dubourget, Romain. "Piezospectroscopie RQN : jauge de contrainte pour les matériaux composites." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET019/document.
Full textThe determination of stress and strain distributions in opaque materials is a key issue to evaluate their mechanical behavior. However, most of the methods used today to measure stress are either extremely invasive or ineffective for opaque materials. Within this context, we propose to use the Nuclear Quadrupolar Resonance (NQR) signal of small crystals, embedded within non, or poorly, conductive materials. Stresses transferred by the matrix to the crystal induce a deformation of its lattice which in turn results in a modification of the Electric Field Gradient (EFG) at the nucleus of interest. NQR is, as a consequence, sensitive to deformations induced by external mechanical stress and the crystals act as local stress gauges at the micron-scale. We call this method NQR piezospectroscopy.The objective of this study is to prove that NQR piezospectroscopy can be used to measure stress within opaque materials and more precisely within elastomer. The fundamental link between the NQR frequency variation and the stress tensor applied to the crystal has been studied. For that purpose, 63Cu in cuprite has been selected as a NQR probe. The stress dependence of its NQR frequency is investigated experimentally using different mechanical loadings generated within an original integrated NQR – stress device and discussed in the light of DFT ab-initio calculations.In addition, as proof-of-concept of NQR piezospectroscopy, additional experiments were carried out using loading conditions proving, without hypothesis on cuprite’s mechanical properties, that its NQR frequency shift is representative of the hydrostatic component of the elastomer inner stress field. We then investigated the ability of this method to map an heterogeneous stress field
Tchamba, Thiery Wilson. "Caractérisation numérique d'une jauge biaxiale dans un champ de glace." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28719/28719.pdf.
Full textBrahim, Bensalem. "Problème de masse des quarks dans les théories de Jauge." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1995. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4842/1/000622985.pdf.
Full textBourget, Antoine. "Vides et modularité dans les théories de jauge supersymétriques N = 1*." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE011/document.
Full textWe investigate the vacuum structure of a massive deformation of the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills gauge theory in four dimensions. When the topology of spacetime is trivial, the Witten index can be computed exactly for any gauge group using the theory of nilpotent orbits in Lie algebras. We provide generating functions for classical algebras and an explicit calculation for the exceptional ones. Upon compactification on a circle, one can use a bridge between supersymmetric gauge theories and complex integrable systems to reduce the analysis of vacua to the search of extrema of the twisted elliptic Calogero-Moser Hamiltonian. A careful inspection of global properties of the gauge group and line operators are needed to reach total agreement. Using a combination of numerical exploration on a computer and analytical control through the theory of modular forms, we determine the structure of massive vacua for low-rank gauge algebras and exhibit new modular properties. We also show that massless branches of vacua can exist, and provide an analytic description for rank two gauge algebras
Bossard, Guillaume. "Des théories quantiques de champ topologiques aux théories de jauge supersymétriques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00191113.
Full textLa seconde série propose une méthode pour renormaliser les théories supersymétriques de Yang-Mills en l'absence de schéma de régularisation préservant à la fois l'invariance de jauge et la supersymétrie. La prescription de renormalisation est obtenue en définissant deux opérateurs de Slavnov-Taylor compatibles respectivement pour l'invariance de jauge et la supersymétrie. La construction de ces derniers nécessite l'introduction de champs additionnels que nous avons appelés les champs d'ombre. Nous avons ainsi été en mesure de démontrer la renormalisabilité des théories de Yang-Mills supersymétriques et l'annulation de la fonction beta dans le cas de la supersymétrie maximale.
Après une brève introduction, le second chapitre propose une revue de la théorie de Yang-Mills de type cohomologique en huit dimensions. Le chapitre suivant examine les réductions dimensionnelles en sept et six dimensions de cette théorie. Le dernier chapitre propose quand à lui des résultats indépendants, sur une interprétation géométrique des champs d'ombre, ainsi que des travaux non publiés sur la gravité topologique en quatre dimensions, des considérations sur la symétrie superconforme et enfin la solution des contraintes dans le super-espace twisté.
Ouvry, Stéphane. "Naturalité des théories de Jauge (Grand-) unifiées et de la supergravité." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376001866.
Full textFairbairn, Winston J. "Inclusion de sources en théories de jauge quantiques invariantes sous difféomorphismes." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22077.pdf.
Full textWe study the inclusion of matter sources in the quantum regime of certain background independent gauge theories. More precisely, we study the quantisation of general relativity casted as a dynamical theory of connections, and the quantisation of some topological theories of BF type. In the first part, where we develop the canonical quantisation program leading to loop quantum gravity, we present a solution to the separability problem of the kinematical Hilbert space and study the quantisation of the coupling of string-like sources to BF theory. In the second part, dedicated to the path integral quantisation, we present the most promising covariant or spinfoam models, construct a model of three dimensional quantum gravity coupled to fermionic fields and finally study the effects of the inclusion of a cosmological constant in the Lorentzian Barrett-Crane spinfoam model
Jeanne, Pierre-Yves. "Optique géométrique pour des systèmes semi-linéaires avec invariance de jauge." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112274.
Full textIliescu, Garajeu Daniela. "Conditions de courbure zéro covariantes conformes et structures de Jauge W." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22043.
Full textReuillon, Sébastien. "Solutions classiques dans les théories de jauge couplées à la gravitation." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR4007.
Full textIn the first chapters of this thesis, we review some classical solutions in spontaneously broken gauge theories in flat space-time as well as in Enstein-Yang-Mills theory. We also explain the numerical techniques used to obtain these solutions. We then study a class of solutions which represent spatially compact space-times in (SU2) Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs theories. Theses solutions are static and spherically symmetric. We consider the cases where the scalar field is in the doublet and triplet representations. They form continous families, parametrized by the ratio [a] = Mw / Mpl (Mw, resp. Mpl, denoting the mass of the W boson, resp. The Planck mass). All these families are characterized by two integers corresponding to the numbers of nodes of the amplitudes of the gauge and scalar fields. We also investigate the stability properties of these solutions with respect to linear and spherically symmetric perturbations. It is shown that the solutions of a particular family for the triplet which have no nodes are stable. We exhibit a stabilization phenomenon for some solutions with nodees, according to which their unstable modes disappear from the spectrum as [a] varies
BRONOFF, STEPHANE. "Ligne de wilson dans les theories de jauge a haute temperature." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077023.
Full textOuvry, Stéphane. "Naturalité des théories de jauge (grand-)unifiées et de la supergravité." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066423.
Full textVILLAIN-GUILLOT, SIMON. "Etude de chaines de spins en dimension 1 et 2." Cergy-Pontoise, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CERG0012.
Full textRichard, Simon. "Développement d'une méthode systématique de conception de capteurs à jauges extensométriques." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1921.
Full textBoukraa, Salah. "Spectroscopie hadronique dans les modèles potentiels algèbres différentielles et symétries de jauge /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612192t.
Full textKnecht, Marc. "Aspects de la symétrie chirale dans les théories de jauge confinantes supersymétriques." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112309.
Full textWe provide a detailed analysis of the interplay between chiral symmetry and supersymmetry within the context of supersymmetric confining gauge theories. We describe a general method leading to exact results on quark mass dependences of physical quantities such as bound state masses, bilinear condensates,… We also establish the commutation relations satisfied by the supersymmetric and chiral charges in presence of the soft breaking due to quark masses. We show that, if the chiral limit is unique, the global SUL(Nf) X SUR(Nf) symmetry is not spontaneously broken? If this limit is not unique, a spontaneous breakdown of the axial symmetry is allowed, but only at the cost of a simultaneous spontaneous breakdown of the vector symmetry
Masbaum, Gregor. "Sur l'algebre de cohomologie des espaces classifiants de certains groupes de jauge." Nantes, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NANT2026.
Full textFerrari, Frank. "Dualite couplage fort/couplage faible dans les theories de jauge non-abeliennes." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066331.
Full textDeliyannis, Michel. "Recherche de nouveaux bosons de jauge dans des modeles issus des supercordes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22084.
Full textAttard, Jérémy. "Théories de jauge conformes, géométrie de Cartan et algébroïdes de Lie transitifs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0259/document.
Full textOur current knowledge about Universe rests on the existence of four fundamental interactions. These are : gravitation, electromagnetism, weak interaction and strong interaction. They have formed the conceptual basis of modern physics since half a century. I am interested in the classical aspect of the underlying physical theories : « gauge theories ». First, my approach consists in studying gauge theories in their mathematical formulation, in order to enlighten some underlying geometrico-algebraic structures. Second, generalized mathematical frameworks are proposed to formulate gauge theories. We explored conformal geometry and its associated conformal gauge theories, formulated in the language of Cartan geometry. Applying the dressing field method, which consists in reducing the gauge symmetry of a theory by a mere change of variables, we recover some objects usually defined in this geometry, as Tractors and Twistors. The bonus is that we get a deeper understanding of their geometric nature. We also present the theory of transitive Lie algebroids, and different ways of formulating unified gauge theories in this framework, where different sectors of fundamental theories emerge together in a same lagrangian. Finally, we present a recent work which consists in combining Cartan geometry and transitive Lie algebroids, given a definition of a Cartan connection in this framework. We show the equivalence of this definition with the usual one on principal fibre bundles
Fournel, Cedric. "Théories de jauge et connexions généralisées sur les algébroïdes de Lie transitifs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4036/document.
Full textTransitive Lie algebroids are usually studied from the point of view of the geometry of Poisson. Here, they are preferentially defined in terms of sections of fiber bundle in order to get close to the formalism of the gauge field theory. Then, transitive Lie algebroids can be seen as a generalization of vector fields on the base manifold. This PhD thesis is concerned with the study of generalized connections on transitive Lie algebroids and the construction of gauge theories. Ordinary connections on transitive Lie algebroids are defined as the subset of 1-forms on Lie algebroids with values in its kernel which fulfill a normalization constraint on this kernel. By relaxing this constraint, we build the space of generalized connection 1- forms. Using a background connection, we show that any generalized connections can be decomposed as the sum of an ordinary connection and a purely algebraic parameter defined on the kernel. As in Yang-Mills theories, we define a gauge invariant functional action as the “norm” of the curvature associated to a generalized connection. Then, the Lagrangian associated to this action forms a Yang-Mills-Higgs type model composed with the field strength associated to gauge fields and a minimal coupling with a tensorial scalar field embedded into a quartic potential. In the case of Atiyah Lie algebroids, the symmetry group of the theory can be reduced by using an appropriate rearrangement of the degrees of freedom in the functional space of fields. We thus obtain a Yang-Mills type theory describing massive vector bosons
Iancu, Edmond. "Theories des champs de jauge a haute temperature : excitations de grande longueur d'onde." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112154.
Full textShenderovich, Igor. "Structures intégrables dans les théories de jauge et les théories des cordes supersymmétriques." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066465.
Full textIn this thesis is given a review of the methods of integrability in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence. We investigate integrable structures on both sides of the AdS/CFT duality using different methods. On the string side of the duality we observe how the supersymmetry and automorphism of the symmetry group organize the model into integrable one. Then, using the consequences of the finite gap method for the integrable system we perform a one--loop quantization procedure which allows us to compute the one--loop spectrum of the model. We illustrate this method by computing the spectrum of a short string. On the gauge side we review the method of the functional Y--system equations for computing the spectrum of the theory in the finite volume. Due to the existence of the two--particle S--matrix it is possible to use the Zamolodchikov's trick to setup a system of functional equations, which can be later recast as a Hirota equation defined on some domain. In the strong coupling limit these equations can be drastically simplified. This gives us a chance to have an analytic solution of them, which can be compared to the string side computation. These two results are in a perfect agreement
Bolívar, Nelson. "Théorie de jauge non abélienne pour l'interaction spin-orbite de Rashba et Dresselhaus." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0356/document.
Full textA non-Abelian gauge formulation for the Rashba and Dresselhaus hamiltonians, relevant in spintronics of non-centrosymmetric materials, is studied. The gauge fields defined are proportional to the SU(2) generators and also to potential gradients of extrinsic and intrinsic origin which results in a U(1) × SU(2) formulation. We derived from the corresponding lagrangian the equations of motion and conserved spin currents. It is shown that the mandatory presence of a Proca mass type term fixes the gauge and solves in consequence the gauge dependence of the spin current and therefore the ambiguities of the spin current reported in the literature. The invariant gauge subgroup of this theory will be studied. We will analyze some topological consequences of the gauge formulation of Rashba and Dresselhaus focusing on interferometers models and quantization conditions similar to the integer quantum Hall effect. A Spin filtering device, through quantum spin interference, is addressed in a quasi-2 dimensional GaAs/AlGaAs electron gas that has both Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings and an applied external magnetic field. We propose an experimentally feasible electronic Mach Zehnder Interferometer that determines perfect spin filtering conditions. We find two spin filtering regimes, one where filtering is achieved in the original incoming quantization basis, that takes advantage of the purely non-Abelian nature of spin rotations, and the other, where one needs a tilted preferential axis to observe the polarized output spinor. We also address the electronic states of a mesoscopic ring in the presence of Rashba Spin Orbit coupling and a U(1) gauge field. Spin symmetric coupling to an ideal lead is implemented following Büttiker’s voltage probe. The spin and charge persistent currents are computed in the presence of the SO interaction and the reservoir coupling for two distinct scenarios of the electron filling fraction. The degradation of the persistent currents depends uniformly on the reservoir coupling but due to the fact that currents emerge from different depths of the fermi sea, they depend non uniformly in temperature, “shielding” the currents with a protective gap. Finally the problem of persistent charge and spin currents is addressed on a Corbino disk built from a graphene sheet. We consistently derive the Hamiltonian including kinetic, intrinsic (ISO) and Rashba spin-orbit interactions in cylindrical coordinates. The Hamiltonian is carefully considered to reflect hermiticity and covariance. We use the linear response definition in order to determine the charge persistent currents. We also determine the spin and pseudo spin polarizations associated with such equilibrium currents. For the intrinsic case one can also compute the correct currents by properly defining the bare velocity operator associated with ISO problem or alternatively the ISO group velocity operator associated with the free case. Charge currents for both SO couplings reach maximal values in the vicinity of half integer flux quanta. Such maximal currents are protected from thermal effects because contributing levels plunge (~1K) into the Fermi sea at half integer flux values. Such a mechanism, makes them observable at readily accessible temperatures. Spin currents only arise for the Rashba coupling, due to the spin symmetry of the ISO spectrum. For the Rashba coupling, spin currents are canceled at half integer fluxes but they remain finite in the vicinity, and the same scenario above protects spin currents
Se estudia una formulación de calibre no abeliana de los hamiltonianos Rashba y Dresselhaus, relevantes en espintrónica de materiales no centrosim étricos. Los campos de calibre definidos son proporcionales a los generadores SU(2) y también a los gradientes de potencial de origen extrínseco e intrínseco que se traducen en una formulación U(1) × SU(2). Derivamos del Lagrangiano correspondiente las ecuaciones del movimiento y las corrientes de espín conservadas. Se demuestra que la presencia obligatoria de un término de masa tipo Proca fija el calibre y resuelve en consecuencia la dependencia de calibre en la corriente de esp´n y, por lo tanto, las ambig¨uedades asociadas a la definición de la corriente de espín reportadas en la literatura. Se estudia el subgrupo invariante de esta teoría. Analizamos algunas de las consecuencias topológicas de la formulación de calibre de Rashba y Dresselhaus centrándonos en modelos de interferómetros y condiciones de cuantización similares al efecto Hall cuántico entero. Se propone un dispositivo de filtrado de espín basado en interferencia cuántica de espín, en un gas de electrones cuasi-bidimiensional GaAs/AlGaAs que posee acoplamientos spin-órbita tanto Rashba como Dresselhaus y un campo magnético externo aplicado. Proponemos un interferómetro electrónico tipo Mach-Zehnder experimentalmente factible que determina perfectamente las condiciones de filtrado de espín. Nos encontramos con dos regímenes, un primer régimen donde se logra el filtrar en la base original de cuantización, que toma ventaja de la naturaleza puramente no abeliana de las rotaciones de esín, y el otro, donde se necesita un eje preferencial inclinado (tilted) para observar el espinor polarizado de salida. Estudiamos los estados electrónicos de un anillo mesoscópico en presencia de acoplamiento espín orbita tipo Rashba y un campo de calibre U(1). El acoplamiento simétrico en espín a un cable ideal se implementa siguiendo el procedimiento de punta de prueba de B¨uttiker. La corrientes persistentes de carga y de espín se calculan en presencia de la interacción SO acopladas con un reservorio, tomando en cuenta dos escenarios distintos para de la fracción de electrones de llenado. La degradación de las corrientes persistentes depende de manera uniforme del acoplamiento con el reservorio debido al hecho de que las corrientes emergen de diferentes profundidades del mar de Fermi, y por lo tanto para algunos regímenes particulares de flujo magnético dependen de manera no uniforme de la temperatura, produciendo un “ blindaje” de las corrientes frente a la temperatura mediante una brecha de energía protectora. Se aborda el problema de las corrientes persistentes de carga y espín en un disco Corbino, construido a partir de una hoja de grafeno. Consistentemente derivamos el Hamiltoniano incluyendo su parte cinética, interacciones espín - órbita intrínseca (ISO) y Rashba en coordenadas cilíndricas. El Hamiltoniano es construido cuidadosamente para reflejar la hermeticidad y covariancia. Utilizamos teoría de respuesta lineal con el fin de determinar las corrientes persistentes de carga. También determinamos las polarizaciones de espín y de pseudoespín asociados con estas corrientes de equilibrio. Para el caso intrínseco también se pueden calcular las corrientes definiendo correctamente el operador velocidad (bare) y calculando con las funciones de onda ISO o alternativamente, el operador de velocidad de grupo ISO para las funciones de onda libres. Las corrientes de carga para ambos acoplamientos SO alcanzan valores máximos en las proximidades de semi-enteros de cuantos de flujo. Tales corrientes máximas están protegidos de los efectos térmicos ya que los niveles que contribuyen se hunden (~ 1K) en el mar de Fermi para valores semi-enteros de flujo. Este mecanismo los hace observable a temperaturas de fácil acceso. Las corrientes de espín sólo surgen en presencia de acoplamiento Rashba, debido a la simetría de espín del espectro ISO. [...]
Shadchin, Sergey. "Sur quelques aspects de correspondance entre la théorie des cordes et théorie de jauge." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002311.
Full textSérié, Emmanuel. "Théories de jauge en géométrie non commutative et généralisation du modèle de Born-Infeld." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010487.
Full textBoukraa, Salah. "I : spectroscopie hadronique dans les modeles potentiels. ii: algebres differentielles et symetries de jauge." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066097.
Full textSwynghedauw, Marc Winoc. "Mesure des parametres electrofaibles leptoniques a lep ii. Recherche de bosons de jauge z'." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112179.
Full textTrigger, Isabel. "Mesure des couplages trilinéaires anomaux des bosons de jauge avec le détecteur OPAL au LEP." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0016/NQ51983.pdf.
Full textBoisseau, Bruno. "Théories de jauge et champs généralisés dans le cadre de la mécanique hamiltonienne classique relativiste." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375961285.
Full textRérat, Michel. "Méthode invariante de jauge pour le calcul de propriétés magnétiques applications à de petites molécules /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376092917.
Full textHu, Shuangwei. "Application de la symétrie de jauge et de la théorie des solitons aux protéines repliées." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4038/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to investigate protein folding, by means of the general concepts of gauge invariance and universality. The gauge structure emerges in the Frenet equation which is utilized to describe the shape of protein backbone. The gauge invariance principle leads us an effective energy functional for a protein, which bas been found to catch the universal properties of folded proteins in their collapse phase,characterized by the scaling law of gyration radius on the tertiary level of proteinstructure. In this thesis, the existence of wide universality on the secondary level of protein structure is investigated. The synthesis of the gauge-invariant energy functional with the discrete Frenet equation leads to a soliton solution, which is identified as the helix-loop-helix motif in protein
Boisseau, Bruno. "Théories de Jauge et champs généralisés dans le cadre de la mécanique hamiltonienne classique relativiste." Tours, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOUR4005.
Full textRérat, Michel. "Methode invariante de jauge pour le calcul de proprietes magnetiques : applications a de petites molecules." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066024.
Full textWschebor, Nicolàs. "Théories de Yang-Mills en jauge abélienne, confinement et équations du Groupe de Renormalisation Exact." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112204.
Full textIn this thesis, I analysed the question of the behavior of non-abelian gauge theories in the low energy regime using the exact renormalization group methods. First I present the renormalization group methods. I explain in particular one version of the renormalization group called exat renormalization group. It is related to the wilsonian renormalization group and it avoid the pathologies which appear for the Gell-Mann-Low version at a non-perturbativ level. After that I present gauge theories and general methods for its renormalization. I treat the question of gauge fixing using BRST symmetry, and massive generalisations of gauge theories and its renormalization. I present also asymptotic freedom phenomenon in Quantum Chromodynamics and the principal problem analysed in this thesis: the confinement of quarks and gluons. I have used in particular the exact renormalization group equations to obtain from the fundamental theory whose short distance regime is known, the "dual supraconductor" model proposed by t'Hooft and Mandelstam for the large distances regime. Even if I have not been able to treat compleately the system at intermediate distances in a certain approximation, I proved that the large distance model can be obtained in a largely independent way of the short and intermediate distance regime