Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Jauges de contrainte – Modèles mathématiques'
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Tchamba, Thiery Wilson. "Caractérisation numérique d'une jauge biaxiale dans un champ de glace." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28719/28719.pdf.
Full textAit-Aoudia, Samy. "Modélisation géométrique par contrainte : quelques méthodes de résolution." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/81/83/47/PDF/1994_Ait_Aoudia_Samy.pdf.
Full textRakotoarison, Harijaona Lalao. "Méthode et outil de génération automatique de modèle pour l’optimisation fortement contrainte des microsystèmes magnétiques." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10240.
Full textMagnetic MEMS presents many unexplored fields in research. To succeed in this domain, designers must be the first to demonstrate the feasibility of a new structure (micro-actuator, micro-sensor). To satisfy this requirement, this works deals with the methodologies and tools which ease and speed up the design steps. This work handles the automation of equation generation which models the magnetic MEMS. Formal derivative computation is also studied and realised, especially in the case of magnetic MEMS containing non-linear materials (ferromagnetic material). Now, it is possible to design and optimize quickly magnetic MEMS, usually hindered by many non-linear constrains. The methodologies can be also extended to most conventional electrostatic MEMS
Lainé, Jean. "Echange et communication : essai sur l'efficacité parétienne dans une économie contrainte." Rennes 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN1G036.
Full textVillieu, Patrick. "Contrainte de disposition préalable de monnaie et déséquilibres macroéconomiques." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010011.
Full textWhat is the effect of a "cash-in-advance" constraint on intertemporam behaviour of representative agent ? How does the liquidity restraint affect the consumption saving choice ? How does money affect assets prices and quantities ? The intertemporal behaviour of the traders is studied in many institutional arrangments : stochastic or deterministic models, discerte time or continuous time frameworks, open or closed economies. The major methological contribution concerns the explantation of two puzzles in the theorotical litterature. First, the link between asset prices and inflation is analyzed in a stochastic framework. The puzzle between labadie (1989) and giovannini (1990) models is seen to be due to the difference in assets'liquidity between the two versions of cash-in-advance models. Second, the connection between inflation and capital accumulation is investigated in a sidrauski-type model with a ces utility function. The link between money growth an capital accumulation is seen to depend on the cross derivative of the utility function (ucm). This framework permits to explain fischer (1979)'s puzzle : the effect of inflation on accumulation is decomposable into a relative price effect (a nominal interest rate move) and the response of consumption to this move, which depends on the substituability between money and consumption in utility
Pianelo, Laurent. "Modélisation géologique contrainte par les données sismiques et dynamiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11042.
Full textLifran, Robert. "La contrainte de liquidité et l'accumulation du patrimoine professionnel dans une perspective de cycle de vie : modèles et tests empiriques sur les données du RICA (réseau d'information comptable agricole)." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10044.
Full textThe aim of the work is to build an life model for self employed, with endogeneous income. First, we define the type of constraints facing an selfemployed who is willing to maximize his dicounted life time utility. Second, assuming a separability between saving and borrowing for the firm, we derive a optimality condition for the firm debt from a equation which maximize ressources (disposable income and equity) of the next period. Third, we demonstrate that the euler equation is the same as the case of exogenous income, but the level of initial consumption is different. If the borrowing decision, is exogenously constrained, the rate of growth of consumption will be lower, and depends on the technology and the initial equity. We test a model for optimal debt of farmers on panel data fraom the rica. The heterogeneity of farmers facing a borrowing constraint is studied estimating a borrowing equation by age groups
Nauman, Saad. "Geometrical modelling and characterization of 3D warp interlock composites and their on-line structural health monitoring using flexible textile sensors." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10010/document.
Full textThis thesis is divided in two parts. In the first part a geometrical modelling approach has been developed in tandem with weaving parameters. The reinforcements were woven on a modified conventional loom to study the geometry of these structures. Their weaving has been described in detail. The weaving parameters have been correlated to the modelling approach. The meso structural modelling approach is capable of predicting essential reinforcement geometrical characteristics at meso structural level without being too complicated. Furthermore, mechanical characterization of 3D interlock reinforcements has been carried out in such a way that a track of mechanical properties during the complete production cycle has been maintained. A novel parameter called strength transfer coefficient was proposed which allows better understanding of the influence of structural parameters on the final properties of the composite. In the second part of the thesis an online structural health monitoring system which is composed of a textile based sensor and signal amplification and treatment module, has been developed. This system is capable of detecting structural deformations in the composite as the sensor is integrated during the manufacturing of the reinforcement and can follow its deformation pattern when composite is subjected to tensile loading in a real time
Kaminski, Myriam. "Modélisation de l’endommagement en fatigue des superalliages monocristallins pour aubes de turbine en zone de concentration de contrainte." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1504.
Full textThe AM1 superalloy blades of aeronautical High Pressure turbines are cooled by a complex system of micro-channels, located at the leading edge and near the trailing edge. These micro-channels constitute preferential sites for damage and crack initiation, phenomena which have to be taken into account in the design of turbine blades. The aim of this work was, first, to carry out an experimental study on perforated specimens with different hole diameters. The effect of the stress gradient on the crack initiation (300 µm criterion for the crack length) has been demonstrated qualitatively as well as quantitatively. However, the use of a maximum stress (or maximum strain) criterion is not sufficient as a failure criterion since it overestimates the risk of failure and does not take into account the length scale or geometrical effects. A volume average method has been proposed in order to take into account the stress gradient effect in the lifetime calculation. It has significantly improved the lifetime predictions. At the same time, an anisotropic fatigue damage model has been developed. In this model, plasticity is coupled with damage in order to describe the micro-initiation stage. The model identification and validation have been realised with respect to existing experimental data on unperforated samples and on the results of the experimental campaign carried out in this work, on perforated specimens. Finally, in order to take into account the stress gradients in the high stress concentration regions, the volume average method has been applied to the results obtained with the previously described model and has provided encouraging results
Mrabet, Kaïs. "Comportement mécanique en grandes déformations du polyéthylène haute densité : approche thermodynamique de l'état relaxé." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL036N.
Full textThe semicrystalline polymers are the subject of many scientific researchs aiming to understanding their microscopic mechanisms of deformation. Nevertheless, the modelling which we currently find in the literature do not approach the mechanical tests with unloading or the cyclic tests at large strains. Among the reasons of these insufficiencies appears themultiplicity of the internal reorganization processes which is seldom described finely in the physical modelling. Moreover, a main aspect of the semicrystalline polymer behaviour is often ignored, it acts of the relaxed state. Within the framework of formalism Distribution of Non Linear Relaxation (D. N. L. R. ), we are interested more closely in these two aspects of the mechanical behaviour: multiplicity of the mechanisms, relaxed state. To clarify these two concepts, the objective was to characterize the relaxed state at large strains and to propose a physical modelling based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and on the microscopic aspects of the deformation. The distribution of the weights of the various modes has been described following observations given by a clip tests. The material used is the High Density Polyethylene HOPE. The tests were carried out with VideoTraction technology. The relaxed state modulus measured during tension loading is definitely more important than that of the unloading, which translates a damage phenomenon. The irreversibility of the relaxed state imposes that the modelling must use a functional formulation which integrates the memory effect and damage. In addition, the dip test has shawn the presence of mechanical cross over. A bibliographical study showed that this phenomenon is closely related to the processes multiplicity. Thus, we have shawn that the modal partition adopted in practice has to be re-examined. We have shawn that the modelling set up is able to reproduce complex loadings, in particular the cyclic tests with relaxation, and to predict behavior very depending on the. Loading history and the irreversible relaxed state
Le, Poulain Franck. "Caractérisation de la fissuration multiple par corrosion sous contrainte et modélisation du comportement mécanique macroscopique par homogénéisation." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12646.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to propose a modelling of the macroscopic mechanical behavior of a stainless steel subjected to the phenomenon of stress corrosion cracking. From the observation of the cracking of surface by in situ videomicroscopy, the effective elastic properties are determined by techniques of homogenisation. Two approaches, based either on the theory of non-interaction, or on the theory of interaction are treated. Modelling is validated by comparing the curves of work hardening simulated with the experimental curves of work hardening
Lorthois, Sylvie. "Effet de la contrainte de cisaillement pariétale sur la fragmentation des caillots de fibrine : étude expérimentale et théorique appliquée aux sténoses carotidiennes." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT024H.
Full textRiboust, Philippe. "De la neige au débit : de l'intérêt d'une meilleure contrainte et représentation de la neige dans les modèles." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS018/document.
Full textSnow models are often dependent on the hydrological model they are coupled with, which can promote higher performance on runoff simulation at the expense of snow state simulations performances. The objective of this thesis is to make the calibration of the snow model more independent from the calibration of the hydrological model, while remaining easily usable for runoff forecasting. Calibrating snow model on observed snow data would on one hand improve the robustness of the snow model parameters and on the other hand improve the snowpack modelling. In the first part of this manuscript, we modified the semi-distributed CemaNeige degree-day model so that it can explicitly simulate the watershed snow cover area. This modification coupled with the calibration of the model on snow cover area data and on river runoff data significantly improved the simulation of the snow cover area by the model without significantly deteriorating the runoff performances. Then we started the development of a new point scale snow model. It is based on a radiation model, which simulates incoming radiations from daily temperature range data, and a snowpack model. The snowpack model solves the heat equations within the snowpack by using a spectral representation of the temperature profile. This representation simulates the temperature profile and gradients using fewer state variables than a vertical discretization of the snowpack. In order to be able to use point scale snow observations in the model, it should be distributed on the watershed
Kabouya, Nadjiba. "Influence de la contrainte seuil sur la stabilité de l'écoulement de Poiseuille d'un fluide viscoplastique : études modale et non modale." Nancy 1, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000161.pdf.
Full textThe @linear stability of the Poiseuille flow of a Bingham fluid is analysed. The present study is motivated by the problems encountered during the cementation of oil wells. In such situations, it is mandatory to know the structure of the flow of the different fluids involved (cement, mud of drilling). More specifically, the conditions of the transition from the laminar to the turbulent regime are important. The mean flow is essentially characterized by the presence in its central part of a plug zone, which moves as a rigid solid. The modal analysis relies upon an infinitesimal disturbance of the mean flow of exponential form, and shows that the Poiseuille flow is linearly stable. The non normal character of the linear operator demonstrates that a transient growth of the energy associated to the perturbation is possible, for short times. The optimal disturbances and the conditions of non increasing energy are determined, versus the Bingham number
Denis, Sabine. "Modélisation des interactions contrainte-transformation de phase et calcul par éléments finis de la genèse des contraintes internes au cours de la trempe des aciers." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10071.
Full textBereriche, Youcef. "Contribution de l'approche contrainte / résistance à l'évaluation de la fiabilité des structures." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26617/26617.pdf.
Full textBorloz, Bruno. "Estimation, détection, classification par maximisation du rapport signal-à-bruit : le filtre adapté stochastique sous contrainte." Toulon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUL0001.
Full textDetection and classification problems of random signals (transient, textures. . . )have great importance. The constrained matched filter aims at maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio in a subspace whose dimension is given a priori to reach these objectives. It is an extensision of the stochastic matched filter and of the matched filter with which it shares the same approach. This approach is justified when probability density functions are unknown. The methid assumes that only second-order properties of processes at play are known, through covariance matrices. Equations to solve are an eigenvalues one of which the matrix is unknown but depends on the signal-to-noise ratio, term to maximize written like a ratio of sums of quadrilatic forms : an algorithm is proposed, which is proved to converge to he good solution. Performances are quantified and mathods are compared via ROC curves
Chetouane, Brahim. "Approche combinée éléments finis / éléments discrets pour la modélisation des structures maçonnées." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20130.
Full textMoustabchir, Hassane. "Etude des défauts présents dans des tuyaux soumis à une pression interne." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ002S/document.
Full textThe aim of work is the study of pipes with hazardous defects under internal pressure. The problems semi-elliptic external notches in cylindrical shells are considered. The study is undertaken within the frame of fracture mechanics approaches both an experimental and numerical with using the finite elements method. The experimental study is curried out on the model pipe-like specimens, which were designed according to the CODAP recommendations. The measurement of local deformation around the notch area both circumferential and longitudinal direction was done by the gauge-extensometers. The fracture toughness of material was received from the Charpy tests. The numerical study is devoted to determination of the elastic and elastic-plastic stress fields at the notches in cylindrical shells. For case of elastic field, the stress intensity factors were calculated for the axes-symmetric and semi-elliptic notches according to their geometrical parameters and size of shells. The received results have been compared with the existed data in literature. For case of elastic-plastic field, the volumetric method is used to determine the notch stress intensity factor at the bottom of the longitudinal and circumferential notches. The calculation of the T-stress by finite elements method showed that this stress is stress of compression in the case both longitudinal and circumferential defects
Petit, Bertrand. "Étude du comportement mécanique et des modifications de textures et de microstructures induites par la transformation de phase y-[alpha]' sous contrainte d'un acier AISI 304 : aspects expérimentaux et modélisations." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Petit.Bertrand.SMZ0631.pdf.
Full textThe 304 steel shows outstanding deformation properties which are due to a combination of crystalline plasticity and phase transformation (trip effect). This work presents a study of the mechanical behaviour and of the evolutions of textures/microstructures of this steel by tensile tests as well as their modelling. In order to understand and model this complex behavior, tensile tests at -60°C and 20°C was carried out on this steel. The global evolutions of the textures and of the involved phases were first studied by X-ray diffraction. Then the evolutions of the local microstructures and textures were investigated by E. B. S. D. , which led us to a detailed analysis of the mechanisms of deformation and transformation. The results showed that the presence of martensite [alpha]' or of microtwins depends on the γ [gamma] grain orientation with respect to the tensile direction and the temperature and that martensite [epsilon] and micro-twins form germination sites for the [alpha]’ martensite. These results also allowed us to choose, among several theories of the phase transformation exposed in the literature, those which best express the experimental features. Tested in an existing micromechanical model, formulated in small deformations, the transformation deformations deduced from these theories made it possible to reproduce certain aspects of the mechanical behaviour of this steel. We then developed, in close co-operation, a new model formulated in finite transformation, which considers the mechanisms of deformation experimentally observed. This model allows us to satisfactorily reproduce the tensile curves, the transformation kinetics and the texture evolutions of the different phases of this steel
Techer, Isabelle. "Apports des analogues naturels vitreux à la validation des codes de prédiction du comportement à long terme des verres nucléaires." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20101.
Full textAït, Ettajer Taoufik. "Modélisation de surfaces géologiques complexes sous contraintes géométriques : application à la génération automatique de modèles géologiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL058N.
Full textXue, Luanluan. "Élément compo(s)ite pour un couplage écoulement/contrainte dans les roches fracturées." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10039/document.
Full textThe thesis concerns analysis of the stress-seepage coupling in fractured rock mass and its application on dams. The thesis is composed of 5 chapters. The first chapter presents a literature review on researches conducted on fractured rock mass and on seepagestress coupling in fractured rock with a particular focus on numerical modeling. The second chapter concerns the formulation of the composite element method for fractured rock mass. It presents the composite element method for stress and seepage problems. The third chapter concerns the formulation of the composite element for fractured rock mass considering seepage- stress coupling. After the mathematical formulation, it presents the numerical implementation of the composite element and its performances under both normal and shearing stress states. The 4th chapter presents analysis of the seepage-stress coupling for fractured rock mass with drainage holes. The numerical model is validated by its comparison to the convention al finite element method. The last chapter presents the use ofthe composite element for the analysis of the Xiaowan arch dam with complex fractured rock mass. The later contains three sets of fractures and drainage holes. This example shows the advantage and performances of the composite element for the analysis of complex projects
El, Amraoui Rachid. "Etude de modèles de turbulence pour application aux écoulements à masse volumique variable avec et sans combustion." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES029.
Full textDéchoux, Véronique. "Utilisation du fluage dans une modélisation du manteau sub océanique." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10331.
Full textLamboglia, Karine. "Modélisation volumique de surfaces non-manifold." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_LAMBOGLIA_K.pdf.
Full textCayla, Jean-Michel. "Les ménages sous la contrainte carbone : exercice de modélisation prospective des secteurs résidentiel et transports avec TIMES." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00608619.
Full textDufournaud, Yves. "Navigation aérienne et guidage terminal à partir de données bidimensionnelles." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0040.
Full textTaakili, Abdelaziz. "Méthode de Galerkin discontinue pour un modèle stratigraphique." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00324012.
Full textFettré, David. "Aspects mécaniques de l'oxydation haute température du zirconium : modélisation des champs de contrainte et suivi expérimental multi technique des endommagements." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2335/document.
Full textThe oxide scale growth in high temperature oxidation leads to generation of stresses in the oxide/metal system. It could be responsible of the damage of this oxide film causing the loss of its protective character toward the metallic substrate. The study is based on the Deflection Test in Monofacial Oxidation (DTMO) of Zr/ZrO2 system: the protection of one face of a thin foil creates a stress asymmetry. It leads to the sample curvature on the oxide scale side due to internal high compressive stresses on it. A test campaign is held as a reference for a comparison with an elasto-viscoplastic semi-analytical model describing the DTMO in isotherm. This model considers the different deformations affecting the metal/oxide system (notably creep and chemical deformations). The identified material parameters are then used in symmetric oxidation models which represent real application cases for stress field determination. These predictions are confronted to microstructure observations and to an analysis of the damage in zirconia scale. The breakaway phenomenon linked to damage initiation in the oxide scale is highlighted with an experimental multi-technical analysis. With an acoustic emission monitoring, we identify clusters of signals linked to the different oxidation kinetics regimes and with thermogravimertry, two tendencies at breakaway are observed and are differentiated afterward with different behaviours at spalling
Auzias, Vincent. "Contribution à la caractérisation tectonique des réservoirs fracturés : modélisation photoélasticimétrique des perturbations de contrainte au voisinage des failles et de la fracturation associée, application pétrolière : mécanismes de développement en 3D des diaclases dans un analogue de réservoir, le Dévonien tabulaire du Caithness (Ecosse)." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20146.
Full textBastian, Brice. "Duality web between little string theories of type A." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1117/document.
Full textString theory remains one of our best candidates for a theory of quantum gravity. Until now it has not lived up to this goal. However, along the way it was realized that string theory can give us valu-able insights into a variety of subjects among which supersymmetric gauge theories by studying the low-energy worldvolume dynamics of branes. This embedding of gauge theories into string theory provides us with a different viewpoint that often allows us to use powerful geometric considerati-ons in order to obtain new results that are inaccessible from conventional methods. Even in the ab-sence of experimental confirmation of supersymmetry, its presence in this class of gauge theories provides us with a playground where different methods can be tested in an efficient way. Indeed, supersymmetry provides additional structure, rendering the underlying theory more rigid and thus simplifying computations and making results more accessible. One could dare to say that when a certain result can not be calculated in the presence of supersymmetry, there is probably not much hope of achieving it without supersymmetry. This stringy approach to gauge theories makes it pos-sible to unravel hidden dualities or to understand already known ones from a different perspective. An interesting class of quantum theories that are embedded into string theory are the so called little string theories. They have been discovered two decades ago. These six-dimensional theories were first obtained as the worldvolume theory of a stack of NS5 branes in the context of Type II string theory trough a particular decoupling limit that sends the string coupling constant to zero while kee-ping at the same time the string scale finite. In this limit, the resulting theory remains interacting but the bulk dynamics is decoupled, in particular gravity. As their name suggests, they contain strings. The tension of the little strings is proportional to the string scale, which is the only intrinsic scale in the theory. Furthermore, the little string theories enjoy T-duality similar to the critical string theory. They are thus non-local quantum theories. So the complexity of little string theory lies between that of local quantum field theories and full fledged critical string theory. This makes them interesting candidates for studying stringy phenomena in an easier setup where gravity is absent and to learn more about the worldvolume dynamics of the NS5 brane. At energies far below the string scale, they have a low-energy description in terms of quiver gauge theories, so their study can also give us insights into these kinds of theories. This local description breaks down as we reach the string scale and we must rely on the full little string theories. The main goal of this thesis is to study dualities between little string theories by using different dual constructions available in string theory. These allow us to attack the problem from different angles and they establish also a connection to geometric structures. This makes it possible to systematically analyse relations among different little string theories. We then confirm the validity of the newly found duality relations by using the so called instanton partition function. The latter is a completely non-perturbative object allowing us to establish the dualities as an exact result. This duality structure naturally extends to the low-energy description in terms of supersymmetric quiver gauge theories. Furthermore, we study the direct consequences of this duality web. We find interesting cases where the dimensional reduction from six to five dimensions simultaneously reduces the rank of the group and changes the matter content. Another result that we find is the presence of a hidden dihedral symmetry which acts in a highly non-trivial fashion on the spectrum of the underlying gauge theories
Nguyen, Gia Toan. "Quelques fonctionnalités de bases de données avancées." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Grenoble 1, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321615.
Full textRahmattulla, Azghar A. "Contribution mathématique à l'étude des contraintes thermoélastiques dans les plaques perforées qui maintiennent les tubes d'un échangeur à faisceau tubulaire." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL036N.
Full textHaouam, Abdallah. "Comportement en flexion 4 points à température moyenne (350-550°C) d'alliage base nickel : étude de la fissuration et du rôle de la vapeur d’eau." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1806.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the determination of the behavior law of nickel based alloy Inconel 600 (NC15Fe), which is used in the steam generators of nuclear power plants, subject to intergranular corrosion process. One of the major objectives aimed by this thesis is the knowledge of synergy between oxidation and mechanical loading. The interval of temperature explored during the experimental study coverts the actual conditions for a safe operation of steam generators (350 - 550°C). The various parameters of influence such as the temperature, the atmosphere (vacuum, air, oxygen and water vapor) as well as the surface quality are explored. From the study of the oxidation kinetics, it shows from isothermal oxidation tests under synthetic air, the recorded weight gain and the oxide film thickness Cr2O3 obtained respectively by the thermo gravimetric analysis (ATG) and the spectroscopy with glow discharge (SDL) are very weak in the temperature range (350 - 800°C); showing the very low reactivity of the material in such conditions. As for the influence of the mechanical loading, the results of the 4- point bending tests carried out under secondary vacuum followed by acoustic emission on Inconel 600 samples by means of a specific assembly, revealing the absence of damage. The influence of the oxygen and the water vapor, on the other hand, shows a modification of the behavior of the material characterized by high amplitudes of acoustic signals and attenuated mechanical characteristics, meaning a corrosion attack. Using the results obtained, in-situ, under a controlled atmosphere, a viscoplastic model of behavior of Inconel 600 in 4- point bending, based on Norton’s law is proposed
Souleiman, Isman Yahyeh. "Analyse de quelques problèmes de contact glissant." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0010/document.
Full textContact phenomena involving deformable bodies abound in industry, especially in mechanical structures. Due to their intrinsic complexity, contact phenomena are modelled with strongly nonlinear boundary problems. For this reason, the modelling of these phenomena gives rise to various mathematical difficulties. In this thesis, we are interested in the modelling, the variational analysis and the numerical analysis of problems of sliding contact in solid mechanics for elastic, viscoelastic and viscoplastic materials. The first part of this thesis concerns some preliminary results, in particular the mathematical and mechanical tools necessary to carry out the continuation of this work. The second part is devoted to the study of some problems of sliding contact under various conditions of contact and friction. For each of these problems, we introduce strong formulations and variational formulations. Then, we obtain results of existence and uniqueness of the weak solutions, under smallness assumptions, as well as results of convergence. Finally, we propose a numerical approximation of some contact problems based on the etudy of discretized schemes. For these schemes we obtain error estimates results
Conin, Marianne. "Evolution des propriétés physiques des sédiments et des zones de failles du front de déformation à la zone sismogène : cas de la marge de Nankai." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30027/document.
Full textThis study is focused on the upper limit of the seismogenic zone in the Kumano transect of the Nankai margin in relation with the construction of the wedge. The first step was to determine the stress orientations and amplitude within the wedge from borehole breakouts analysis. We show the striking presence of a trench normal extension zone behind the splay fault in a wedge dominated by a strike-slip stress regime. Locally an extensional stress regime is also observed in the slope sediment of the outer part of the wedge. In a second part of this work, we used porosity corrected from water bound to clay minerals to study the compaction state of the sediments and to quantify the amount of erosion in the slope sediments. Results also highlight the existence of past erosion related to the activity of the splay fault. In a third part, the observation of deformation style within sediments showed that erosion could explain the distribution of dilatant and compactive structures within the wedge. Finally, we show, based on mechanical modeling, that the splay fault slow slip rate over the last million year, and the presence of an extension zone landward of the splay fault, could both be explained by a pause in the accretion and a weak décollement beneath the outer wedge
Chleq, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'étude du raisonnement temporel : résolution avec contraintes et application à l'abduction en raisonnement temporel." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529412.
Full textDelmotte, Joël. "Modélisation numérique de la déchirure ductile en milieu bidimensionnel à l'aide d'une approche locale : simulation des courbes de résistance à la fissuration." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD451.
Full textIsselé, Hélène. "Caractérisation et modélisation mécaniques de couches minces pour la fabrication de dispositifs microélectronoiques-application au domaine de l'intégration 3D." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987507.
Full textRenou, Julien. "Observations and modeling of the seismic rupture development based on the analysis of source time functions." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/RENOU_Julien_va2.pdf.
Full textOur knowledge of earthquake source physics, giving rise to events of very different magnitudes, requires observations of a large population of earthquakes. The development of systematic analysis tools for the global seismicity meets these expectations, and allows us to extract the generic properties of earthquakes, which can then be integrated into models of the rupture process. Following this approach, the SCARDEC method is able to retrieve source time func tions of events on a large range of magnitude (Mw > 5.7). The source time function (which describes the temporal evolution of the moment rate) is suitable for the analysis of transient rupture properties which provide insights into the generation of earthquakes of various sizes. The purpose of our study is to observe the rupture development of such earthquakes in order to add better constraints on kinematic and dynamic source models. The first part of our work focuses on the development of earthquakes through the analysis of the SCARDEC catalog. The phase leading to the peak of the source time function (“development phase”) is extracted to characterize its evolution. From the computation of moment accelerations at prescribed mo ment rates, we observe that the evolution of the moment rate during the developement phase is independent of the final magnitude. A quantitative analysis of the moment rate increase as a function of time further indicates that this phase does not respect the steady t 2 self-similar growth, suggesting a transient variation of rupture velocity and/or stress drop. In a second part, these observations are compared with kinematic source models. A crack model with ra dial variations of the rupture velocity combined with low stress drop highlights that correlation between rupture velocity and slip velocity is a key feature for the transient behavior of the development phase previously observed. We then generate, using the composite fractal RIK model, synthetic catalogs of source time functions. This also supports that the correlation bet ween rupture velocity and slip velocity, as well as the duration of the rise-time, have a strong effect on moment acceleration values. We finally develop heterogeneous dynamic models which take into consideration rupture physics. Heterogeneous distributions of the friction parameter Dc and the initial stress τ0 contribute to generate highly realistic rupture scenarios. Rupture propagation is strongly influenced by these two dynamic parameters which induce a clear pre ferential direction of propagation together with a local variability of the rupture velocity. The correlation between rupture velocity and slip velocity highlighted by the previous kinematic models is retrieved and allows to reproduce the SCARDEC observations. These findings are expected to put further constraints on future realistic dynamic rupture scenarios
Benamara, Tariq. "Full-field multi-fidelity surrogate models for optimal design of turbomachines." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2368.
Full textOptimizing turbomachinery components stands as a real challenge despite recent advances in theoretical, experimental and High-Performance Computing (HPC) domains. This thesis introduces and validates optimization techniques assisted by full-field Multi-Fidelity Surrogate Models (MFSMs) based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). The combination of POD and Multi-Fidelity Modeling (MFM) techniques allows to capture the evolution of dominant flow features with geometry modifications. Two POD based multi-fidelity optimization methods are proposed. Thefirst one consists in an enrichment strategy dedicated to Gappy-POD (GPOD)models. It is more suitable for instantaneous low-fidelity computations whichmakes it hardly tractable for aerodynamic design of turbomachines. This methodis demonstrated on the flight domain study of a 2D airfoil from the literature. The second methodology is based on a multi-fidelity extension to Non-IntrusivePOD (NIPOD) models. This extension starts with a re-interpretation of theConstrained POD (CPOD) concept and allows to enrich the reduced spacedefinition with abondant, albeit inaccurate, low-fidelity information. In the second part of the thesis, a benchmark test case is introduced to test fullfield multi-fidelity optimization methodologies on an example presenting featuresrepresentative of turbomachinery problems. The predictability of the proposedMulti-Fidelity NIPOD (MFNIPOD) surrogate models is compared to classical surrogates from the literature on both analytical and industrial-scale applications. Finally, we employ the proposed tool to the shape optimization of a 1.5-stage boosterand we compare the obtained results with standard state of the art approaches
Crié, Alice. "Caractérisation et lois rhéologiques d’élastomères chargés à basse température pour la simulation du procédé d’extrusion." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0085/document.
Full textThe present work deals with the characterization of the rheological behaviour of two rubbers filled with carbon black in a range of temperature encountered in extrusion (90°C to 40°C) and the modelling of the single screw extrusion process. The rheological characterization of the two rubbers shows behaviour totally different. The synthetic SBR rubber and SBR compounds filled with carbon black (with different amounts, from 16 to 33 wt%) showed a flow curve that can be divided in two stable parts (branch I and branch II) separated by a plateau. The occurrence of wall slip, low in branch I and important in branch II has been highlighted. The second rubber of the study, natural rubber, showed a different behaviour with a strain hardening due to the occurrence of a strain induced crystallization. The flow curve can be thus divided in two different parts: the first part without strain hardening and the second part with this phenomenon. The existence of a characteristic crystallization time, reduced by the shear rate, has been evidenced. By analysing data respectively on branch I for SBR and without strain hardening for NR, viscosity curves for all tested materials have been defined. General viscosity law have been proposed: for the SBR compound filled with carbon black valid in the range of temperature from 40°C to 90°C and for NR in the range of temperature from 50°C to 90°C. The rheological law defined for the SBR compound filled 33%wt with carbon black has been implemented in two different models: 1 D and 3D. Numerical results have been compared to experimental results obtained after experimentations on instrumented single screw extruder. The 1D approach was not sufficient to take into account all phenomena occurring during extrusion process. Then a 3D approach has been developed in order to take into account some effects as side effects and temperature gradients. The presence of the slip phenomenon in the modeling has been proved
Maury, Julie. "Analyse du potentiel sismique d'un secteur lithosphérique au nord ouest des Alpes." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873526.
Full textHa-Minh, Cuong. "Comportement mécanique des matériaux tissés soumis à un impact balistique : approches expérimentale, numérique et analytique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10184/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of ballistic impact in the case of 2D and 3D fabrics using 3 approaches: numerical, experimental and analytical to improve the body armour protection. A totally new specific experimental protocol was developed for dynamic testing on yarn by using monitoring systems with fast acquisition. Ballistic tests were performed using a gas gun with instrumentation for monitoring projectile velocity and deformation of fabric. Two numerical models were used: macroscopic and mesoscopic models. Indeed, the macroscopic model, which considers 2D fabric as a homogeneous plate, allows a summary prediction of various impact parameters as: residual velocity, impact energies, deformation pyramid. To describe better interactions between yarns in a 2D fabric, a mesoscopic model was developed using shell elements. Comparisons between results obtained by both models and experimental data have demonstrated the modelling robustness at the mesoscopic scale since yarn/yarn and projectile/yarn contacts can be analyzed. Furthermore, in order to optimize computation time, a combination of mesoscopic and macroscopic models has allowed creating a multi-scale model distinguishing between different working areas of fabric during impact. A new numerical tool has been developed to model geometrically 3D fabrics taking into account yarns cross section. This model allows studying the effects of frictions and boundary conditions of a 3D fabric subjected to ballistic impact.In addition, an analytical model was carried out taking into account reflections of strain waves on yarns in the case of impact of a multi-layer fabric. This model predicts continuous evolutions of several parameters describing the impact
Trad, Ayman. "Analyse du comportement et modélisation de structures souples de protection : le cas des écrans de filets pare-pierres sous sollicitations statique et dynamique." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690546.
Full textBargui, Henda. "Modélisation des comportements mécaniques et hydrauliques de massifs rocheux simulés par des assemblages de blocs rigides : Introduction d'un couplage hydro-mécanique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529406.
Full textLajevardi, Seyed Hamid. "Comportement des géosynthétiques en ancrage : Modélisation physique et numérique." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995109.
Full textBashtova, Kateryna. "Modélisation et identification de paramètres pour les empreintes des faisceaux de haute énergie." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4112/document.
Full textThe technological progress demands more and more sophisticated and precise techniques of the treatment of materials. We study the machining of the material with the high energy beams: the abrasive waterjet, the focused ion beam and the laser. Although the physics governing the energy beam interaction with material is very different for different application, we can use the same approach to the mathematical modeling of these processes.The evolution of the material surface under the energy beam impact is modeled by PDE equation. This equation contains a set of unknown parameters - the calibration parameters of the model. The unknown parameters can be identified by minimization of the cost function, i.e., function that describes the differ- ence between the result of modeling and the corresponding experimental data. As the modeled surface is a solution of the PDE problem, this minimization is an example of PDE-constrained optimization problem. The identification problem was regularized using Tikhonov regularization. The gradient of the cost function was obtained both by using the variational approach and by means of the automatic differentiation. Once the cost function and its gradient calculated, the minimization was performed using L-BFGS minimizer.For the abrasive waterjet application the problem of non-uniqueness of numerical solution is solved. The impact of the secondary effects non included into the model is avoided as well. The calibration procedure is validated on both synthetic and experimental data.For the laser application, we presented a simple criterion that allows to distinguish between the thermal and non-thermal laser ablation regimes