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Lemenkova, Polina. "Analysis of the difference in depths and variation in slope steepness of the Sunda Trench, Indonesia, east Indian Ocean." Revista de Geomorfologie 22, no. 1 (December 13, 2020): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21094/rg.2020.096.
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The paper discusses geomorphology of the Sunda Trench, an oceanic trench located in eastern Indian Ocean along the Sumatra and Java Islands of the Indonesian archipelago. In particular, it analysis the difference in depths and variation in slope steepness between the two segments of the trench: the southern Java transect (coordinates 108.8°E 10.10°S to 113.0°E 10.75°S) and the northern Sumatra transect (97.5°E 1.1°S to 101.0°E 5.5°S). The thematic maps and geomorphological modelling were plotted using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT). The materials include high-resolution data on topography, geology and geophysics: GEBCO 15 arc-minute resolution grid, EGM2008 2.5 minute Earth Gravitation Model of 2008, GlobSed global 5‐arc‐minute total sediment thickness and vector geological datasets. In addition to the GEBCO-based bathymetric data, geological, topographic and geophysical maps, the results include enlarged transects for the Java and Sumatra segments, their slope gradients and cross-section profiles, derived from the bathymetric GEBCO dataset. The geomorphology framework of the Sunda Trench is largely controlled by the subduction of the Australian plate underneath the Sunda microplate. The geological processes take place in basin of the Indian Ocean at different stages of its evolution and influence the nature of the submarine geomorphology and geometric shape of the trench. Sunda Trench is seismically active part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. A large number of the catastrophic earthquakes are recorded around the trench. The histograms shows variation in depths along the segments of the Sumatra and Java. The Java segment has a bell-shaped data distribution in contrast to the Sumatra with bimodal pattern. The Java segment has the most repetitive depths at -2,500 to -5,200 m. The Sumatra transect has two peaks: 1) a classic bell-shaped peak at depths -4,500 m to -5,500 m; 2) shelf area with a peak from 0 to -1,750 m. The data at middle depths (-1,750 to -4,500 m) have a frequency <300 samples. The most frequent bathymetry for the Sumatra segment corresponds to the -4,750 m to -5,000 m (2,151 samples). Comparing to the Sumatra segment, the Java segment is deeper. For the depths >-6,000 m, there are only 138 samples for the Sumatra while 547 samples for Java. Furthermore, Java segment has more symmetrical geometric shape while Sumatra segment is asymmetric, one-sided. The Sumatra segment has a steepness of 57.86° on its eastern side (facing Sumatra Island) and a contrasting 14.58° on the western part. The Java segment has a steepness of 64.34° on its northern side (facing Java Island) and 24.95° on the southern part (facing Indian Ocean). The paper contributes to the studies of the submarine geomorphology in Indonesia.
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Lemenkova, Polina. "Java and Sumatra segments of the Sunda Trench: Geomorphology and geophysical settings analysed and visualized by GMT." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 100, no. 2 (2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd2002001l.
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The paper discusses the geomorphology of the Sunda Trench, an oceanic trench located in the eastern Indian Ocean along the Sumatra and Java Islands of the Indonesian archipelago. It analysis difference in depths and variation in slope steepness between the two segments of the trench: southern Java transect (108.8?E 10.10?S - 113.0?E 10.75?S) and northern Sumatra transect (97.5?E 1.1?S - 101.0?E 5.5?S). The maps and geomorphological modelling were plotted using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT). The data include high-resolution grids on topography, geology, geodesy and geophysics: GEBCO, EGM2008 EGM-2008, GlobSed. The results include modelled segments, slope gradients, and cross-section profiles. The geological processes take place in the Indian Ocean at different stages of its evolution and influence the nature of the submarine geomorphology and geomorphology of the trench that differs in two segments. Java segment has a bell-shaped data distribution in contrast to the Sumatra with bimodal pattern. Java segment has the most repetitive depths at -2,500 to -5,200 m. Sumatra transect has two peaks: 1) a classic bell-shaped peak (-4,500 m to -5,500 m); 2) shelf area (0 to -1,750 m). The data at middle depths (-1,750 to -4,500 m) have less than 300 samples. The most frequent bathymetry for the Sumatra segment corresponds to the -4,750 m to -5,000 m. Comparing to the Sumatra segment, the Java segment is deeper. For depths > -6,000 m, there are only 138 samples for Sumatra while 547 samples for Java. Furthermore, Java segment has a more symmetrical geometric shape while Sumatra segment is asymmetric, one-sided. The Sumatra segment has a steepness of 57.86? on its eastern side (facing Sumatra Island) and a contrasting 14.58? on the western part. The Java segment has a steepness of 64.34? on its northern side (facing Java Island) and 24.95? on the southern part (facing the Indian Ocean). The paper contributes to the studies of the submarine geomorphology in Indonesia.
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Chamalaun, F. H. "Geomagnetic deep sounding of Java Trench subduction zone." Exploration Geophysics 17, no. 1 (March 1986): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg986036.
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Tanioka, Yuichiro, Hamzah Latief, Haris Sunendar, Aditya Riadi Gusman, and Shunichi Koshimura. "Tsunami Hazard Mitigation at Palabuhanratu, Indonesia." Journal of Disaster Research 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2012.p0019.
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Several large earthquakes have recently occurred along the Sumatra-Java subduction zone, the 2004 great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, the 2005 great Nias earthquake, the 2006 West Java tsunami earthquake, the 2007 great Bengkulu earthquake, and the 2010Mentawai tsunami earthquakes. Serious tsunami disasters were caused by the great underthrust earthquakes which ruptured the plate interface near the trench such as the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman, 2006West Java, 2010Mentawai earthquakes. At Palabuhanratu, maximum tsunami height distribution and inundation areas were computed from expected fault models located near the Java trench. The results shows that the most populated areas of Palabuhanratu would be severely damaged by the expected tsunami caused by the fault model of Mw 8.5. After discussing tsunami disaster mitigation measures with the local government, the result of tsunami inundation area in this study were used to decide tsunami evacuation areas and evacuation routes. The local government also installed tsunami evacuation sign boards near the coast.
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Tregoning, P., F. K. Brunner, Y. Bock, S. S. O. Puntodewo, R. McCaffrey, J. F. Genrich, E. Calais, J. Rais, and C. Subarya. "First geodetic measurement of convergence across the Java Trench." Geophysical Research Letters 21, no. 19 (September 15, 1994): 2135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94gl01856.
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Patria, Adi, and Atin Nur Aulia. "STRUCTURAL AND EARTHQUAKE EVALUATIONS ALONG JAVA SUBDUCTION ZONE, INDONESIA." RISET Geologi dan Pertambangan 30, no. 1 (July 20, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/risetgeotam2020.v30.1072.
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Java Subduction is a zone of trench perpendicular convergence of Australian Plate and Southeast Asia in the south of Java. It is characterized by an almost E-W trending trench with an eastward increase of convergence velocity. Three major earthquakes with tsunamis have been caused by deformation along this subduction zone. Although many studies have undertaken to understand the nature of the subduction system, a clear relationship between structures and earthquake activities remains poorly explained. In this study, we used bathymetry, residual bathymetry, and published seismic reflection profiles to evaluate structural and morphological elements, then link the observations to earthquake activity along Java Subduction Zone. Based on seafloor morphology, characteristics of the accretionary wedge and forearc basin varies along the trench in response to the variation of seafloor morphology. Features such as seamounts and ridges which were observed in the oceanic basin may be subducted beneath accretionary wedge and disrupt the morphology of accretionary wedge, forearc basin, and trench. Earthquake activities are generally dominated by normal fault solutions in the trench, which is attributed to plate bending faults while thrust fault solution is observed in the forearc basin area. Thrust fault activities in accretionary wedge are decreased to the east, where there is no thrust fault solution observed in the eastern end of the subduction zone. Few strike-slip focal mechanisms are observed and mainly located within the subducting oceanic plate. Structures and subducting oceanic features may control the earthquake activity where deformation occurred at the edge of these features. The two largest thrust fault earthquakes in 1994 and 2006 are interpreted as a result of deformation along with plate interface on soft or unconsolidated sediment above the incoming plate. The largest normal fault earthquake with a magnitude 8.3 is possibly caused by a crustal scale-fault that breaks the entire oceanic crust.ABSTRAK - Evaluasi struktur dan gempa bumi di sepanjang zona subduksi Jawa, Indonesia. Subduksi Jawa adalah zona konvergensi yang tegak lurus palung antara Lempeng Australia dan Asia Tenggara di selatan Jawa. Hal ini ditandai dengan palung berarah hampir barat–timur dengan peningkatan kecepatan konvergensi ke arah timur. Tiga gempa bumi besar dengan tsunami disebabkan oleh deformasi di sepanjang zona subduksi ini. Meskipun banyak penelitian telah dilakukan untuk memahami sifat sistem subduksi, hubungan antara struktur dan kegiatan gempa bumi masih kurang jelas. Dalam studi ini, kami menggunakan batimetri, batimetri residual, dan profil refleksi seismik untuk mengevaluasi elemen struktur dan morfologi, kemudian menghubungkan pengamatan dengan aktivitas gempa bumi di sepanjang zona subduksi Jawa. Berdasarkan morfologi dasar laut, karakteristik prisma akresi dan cekungan busur muka bervariasi di sepanjang palung sebagai respon terhadap variasi morfologi dasar laut. Fitur seperti seamount dan punggungan yang diamati di cekungan samudera menunjam di bawah prisma akresi dan mengganggu morfologi prisma akresi, cekungan busur muka, dan palung. Aktivitas gempa bumi umumnya didominasi oleh patahan normal di palung, yang dikaitkan dengan patahan tekukan lempeng sedangkan patahan naik diamati di daerah cekungan busur muka. Aktivitas sesar naik di dalam prisma akresi berkurang ke arah timur, di mana tidak ada patahan naik yang teramati di ujung timur zona subduksi. Beberapa mekanisme patahan mendatar diamati dan terutama terletak di dalam lempeng samudera yang menunjam. Struktur dan fitur di kerak samudra yang menunjam dapat mengontrol aktivitas gempa bumi di mana deformasi terjadi di tepian fitur ini. Dua gempa bumi besar dengan sifat patahan naik pada tahun 1994 dan 2006 ditafsirkan sebagai hasil dari deformasi di sepanjang antarmuka lempeng pada sedimen lunak atau tidak terkonsolidasi di atas lempeng yang masuk. Gempa bumi besar dengan sifat sesar normal magnitude 8,3 mungkin disebabkan oleh patahan skala-kerak yang menghancurkan seluruh kerak samudera.
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Supendi, Pepen, Supriyanto Rohadi, Dwikorita Karnawati, Andri Dian Nugraha, Sri Widiyantoro, Daryono, and Muzli. "Analysis of the destructive earthquakes end of 2017 (Mw 6.9) and early 2018 (Mw 6.1) south of West Java, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 211 (2020): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021102003.
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On December 15, 2017, and January 23, 2018, there were destructive earthquakes to the south of West Java, Indonesia, with Mw 6.9 and Mw 6.1, respectively. We have determined the hypocenter location for both mainshocks through re-picking of the Pand S-wave arrival times recorded by the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) seismic stations in West Java and its vicinity. We have then relocated the aftershocks for both events. We have also conducted focal mechanism analysis to estimate the type of fault slip. Our results show the 2017 and 2018 events occurred in the intra-slab at 108.6 km and 46.5 km depths, respectively. The focal mechanism solution shows a thrust fault type with the strike direction almost perpendicular to the trench for the 2017 event, and it is almost parallel to the trench for the 2018 event.
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Taira, A., P. Mann, and R. Rahardiawan. "Incipient subduction of the Ontong Java Plateau along the North Solomon trench." Tectonophysics 389, no. 3-4 (October 2004): 247–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2004.07.052.
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Maghfiroh, Canggih Nailil, and Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra. "Morphological characters of root and yield of three cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones in the field with dead-end trench." Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) 5, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ipas.51284.
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Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a perennial crop originated from tropical regions, divided into Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario. Demand for cocoa has increased, but the productivity is still low. The increase in production could be achieved by improving crop management and using superior clones. RCC-70, RCC-71, and KKM-22 are recommended as the superior cocoa clones. Dead-end trench can reduce erosion and surface run-off as well as improve rooting and soil organic matter sequestration. The objectives of this research were to study the effects of dead-end trench application on morphological characters of roots and yields of three cocoa clones and to determine which cocoa clone(s) performed a signifificant yield increase with the application of dead-end trench. The research was conducted in August 2018–April 2019 at Pagilaran Ltd. cocoa plantation in North Segayung Production Unit, subdistrict Tulis, Batang, Central Java. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications as block. The first factor was dead-end trench application (with and without dead-end trench application) and the second factor was cocoa clones (RCC-70, RCC-71, and KKM-22). This study showed that application of dead-end trench and clones significantly increased root fresh weight, root dry weight, seed fresh weight, and seed dry weight, but had no significant effect on fruit diameter, fruit length, root length, and root surface area. RCC-70 clone, coupled with the application of dead-end trench, resulted in the highest seed dry weight compared to RCC-71 and KKM-22 clones.
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HARTOYO, Budi, HARWANTO ., Forita D. ARIANTI, Sri MINARSIH, Raden H. PRAPTANA, and Budi WINARTO. "Growth-yield performances and partial economic analysis of sugarcane under different planting methods." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 13, no. 2 (May 27, 2021): 10856. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb13210856.
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Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important tropical crop around the world, involving in Indonesia, however low productivity is still problem for it. The study was aimed to investigate effect of different planting methods on improving cane growth-yield performances and their partial economic analysis. The study was conducted at Gedangdowo, Jepon, Blora District, Central Java, Indonesia from 2015-2017 at initial planting (IP) to sugarcane ratoon SR-1 and SR-2. Material used was qualified seeds of PS.862 variety. Three planting methods were tested: 1) double trench system (DTS) with 50 cm distance between trench and 135 cm distance between double trenches; 2) single trench system (STS) with 120 cm distance of canter to center (CTC) and 3) STS with 110 cm distance of CTC. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 6 replications. Results of the study revealed that DTS 50/135 was the most appropriate planting method inducing higher cane productivity up to 129.12 t/ha in IP, then increased up to 134.1 t/ha in SR-1 and declined down to 114.1 t/ha in SR-2. Percentage of cane productivity in DTS 50/135 increased up to 40.8% in IP, 51.1% in SR-1 and 64.6% in SR-2. Higher R/C ratio up to 1.99 and 1.94 was performed by STS 120 followed by DTS 50/135. Increasing R/C ratio noted in STS 120 and DTS 50/135 was 18.3 and 21.3%, respectively on SR-1 compared to STS 110. The planting method can be applied to improve sugarcane productivity and its R/C ratio for other varieties.
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PAL, TAPAN, PARTHA PRATIM CHAKRABORTY, TANAY DUTTA GUPTA, and CHANAM DEBOJIT SINGH. "Geodynamic evolution of the outer-arc–forearc belt in the Andaman Islands, the central part of the Burma–Java subduction complex." Geological Magazine 140, no. 3 (May 2003): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756803007805.
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The Andaman Islands, the central part of Burma–Java subduction complex, expose tectonostratigraphic units of an accretionary prism in an outer-arc setting and turbidites of a forearc setting. A number of N–S-trending dismembered ophiolite slices of Cretaceous age, occurring at different structural levels with Eocene trench-slope sediments, were uplifted and emplaced by a series of E–dipping thrusts. Subsequently, N–S normal and E–W strike-slip faults resulted in the development of a forearc basin with deposition of Oligocene and Mio-Pliocene sediments. Metapelites and metabasics of greenschist to amphibolite grade occur in a melange zone of ophiolites. The Eocene Mithakhari Group represents pelagic trench sediments and coarser clastics derived from ophiolites. Evidence of frequent facies changes, predominance of mass flow deposits, syn-sedimentary basinal disturbance and wide palaeogeographic variation indicate deposition of Eocene sediments in isolated basins of an immature trench-slope setting. Deposition of the Oligocene Andaman Flysch Group in a forearc setting is indicated by the large-scale persistence of beds, lack of small-scale lithological variation, bimodal provenance, less deformation, a well-defined submarine fan sequence and development predominantly on the eastern part of the outer arc. The Mio-Pliocene Archipelago Group includes alternations of siliciclastic turbidites and subaqueous pyroclastic flow deposits in the lower part and carbonate turbidites in the upper part, suggesting its deposition in the shallower forearc compared to the siliciclastic Oligocene sediments.
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Whittaker, J. M., R. D. Müller, M. Sdrolias, and C. Heine. "Sunda-Java trench kinematics, slab window formation and overriding plate deformation since the Cretaceous." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 255, no. 3-4 (March 2007): 445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.12.031.
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Masson, D. G., L. M. Parson, J. Milsom, G. Nichols, N. Sikumbang, B. Dwiyanto, and H. Kallagher. "Subduction of seamounts at the Java Trench: a view with long-range sidescan sonar." Tectonophysics 185, no. 1-2 (December 1990): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90404-v.
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ABIDIN, HASANUDDIN Z., HERI ANDREAS, TERUYUKI KATO, TAKEO ITO, IRWAN MEILANO, FUMIAKI KIMATA, DANNY H. NATAWIDJAYA, and HERY HARJONO. "CRUSTAL DEFORMATION STUDIES IN JAVA (INDONESIA) USING GPS." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 03, no. 02 (June 2009): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431109000445.
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Along the Java trench the Australian–Oceanic plate is moving and pushing onto and subducting beneath the Java continental crust at a relative motion of about 70 mm/yr in NNE direction. This subduction-zone process imposed tectonic stresses on the fore-arc region offshore and on the land of Java, thus causing the formation of earthquake fault zones to accommodate the plate movement. Historically, several large earthquakes happened in Java, including West Java. This research use GPS surveys method to study the inter-seismic deformation of three active faults in West Java region (i.e. Cimandiri, Lembang and Baribis faults), and the co-seismic and post-seismic deformation related to the May 2006 Yogyakarta and the July 2006 South Java earthquakes. Based on GPS surveys results it was found that the area around Cimandiri, Lembang and Baribis fault zones have the horizontal displacements of about 1 to 2 cm/yr or less. Further research is however still needed to extract the real inter-seismic deformation of the faults from those GPS-derived displacements. GPS surveys have also estimated that the May 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake was caused by the sinistral movement of the (Opak) fault with horizontal co-seismic deformation that generally was less than 10 cm. The post-seismic horizontal deformation of the July 2006 South Java tsunami earthquake has also been estimated using GPS surveys data. In the first year after the earthquake (2006 to 2007), the post-seismic deformation is generally less than 5 cm; and it becomes generally less than 3 cm in the second year (2007 to 2008).
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Siringoringo, Luhut Pardamean, and Dardji Noeradi. "The Paleogene Tectonostratigraphy Of Northern Part Masalima Trench Basin." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2016.11.2.
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Northern part of Masalima Trench Basin is located in the southern part of the Strait of Makassar, which includes Masalima Trough and Massalima High. The area of research is an extension of the South Makassar Basin which extends from South Makassar Basin to the Northeast part of Java Sea. Subsurface data are used such as 2D seismic sections (21 lines) and data drilling wells (2 wells) to understand the tectonic structure in the basin formation and understand the stratigraphic order of basin.
Based on well data can be known that Northern part Masalima Trench Basin is aborted rift because marked by post rift phase. Northern part Masalima Trench Basin was formed by normal faults which have trend northeast-southwest with pre rift, early syn rift, late syn rift, and post rift sediment geometry. Early syn rift sediment was Middle Eocene, late syn rift sediment was Middle Eocene till Early Oligocene and post rift sediment was Early Oligocene till Early Miocene. The Depositional environment of early syn rift phase such as beach, shallow marine, and land. The Depositional environment of late syn rift phase such as beach till deep marine, and the depositional environment of post rift is deep marine.
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Okal, Emile A. "The south of Java earthquake of 1921 September 11: a negative search for a large interplate thrust event at the Java Trench." Geophysical Journal International 190, no. 3 (July 26, 2012): 1657–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2012.05570.x.
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Nur, Subandi, Suwarto Suwarto, Saparso Saparso, and Heru Adi Djatmiko. "Morfo-Physiological Response of Three Shallot Varieties on Water Surface Variation Level." International Journal of Applied Science 3, no. 2 (April 9, 2020): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ijas.v3n2p1.
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The morpho-physiological response study of three shallots varieties on the water surface variation level of the trench aims to find plants that are tolerant of water shortages. The study was conducted in the rice fields of Pulosari village, Brebes District, Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia for three months (January to March 2019). The experimental design used was a separate plot design with three replications. The main plot of trench water surface height (T) is T1 = 10 cm, T2 = 20 cm and T3 = 30 cm. The subplots of shallot variety (V) are V1 = Bima, V2 = Yellow and V3 = Sumenep. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance at 5% error level, if there is a real difference found, the study would be followed by the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) level 5%. The results showed that the condition of water shortage was very influential on the morpho-physiological response of three shallots varieties.
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Meilano, Irwan, Hasanuddin Z. Abidin, Heri Andreas, Irwan Gumilar, Dina Sarsito, Rahma Hanifa, Rino, et al. "Slip Rate Estimation of the Lembang Fault West Java from Geodetic Observation." Journal of Disaster Research 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2012.p0012.
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The Sunda arc forms the southern border of the Indonesia Archipelago, where the Indo-Australian plate is subducted beneath Eurasia. The age of subducting plate increases from Sumatra in the west to Flores in the east. The increase in age is consistent with an increase in plate dip along the arc and an increasing depth of seismic activity. The motion of Australia with respect to West Java is 68 mm/yr in a direction N11E orthogonal to the trench. A number of active faults characterizing this area include Cimandiri fault, Lembang fault and Baribis fault. This research uses campaign and continues GPS data to make a preliminary estimation of the slip rate of Lembang fault. Our GPS measurements suggest that Lembang fault has shallow creeping and deeper locking portion. The estimated slip rate is 6 mm/yr with fault locking at 3-15 km and shallow creeping with the same rate. While the results are preliminary and we need more data for reliable estimations, we point out that these data can contribute to earthquake risk assessment by constraining earthquake recurrence relationships.
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Salmanidou, Dimitra M., Ayao Ehara, Rozana Himaz, Mohammad Heidarzadeh, and Serge Guillas. "Impact of future tsunamis from the Java trench on household welfare: Merging geophysics and economics through catastrophe modelling." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 61 (July 2021): 102291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102291.
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Mukti, Maruf M., Ilham Arisbaya, and Haryadi Permana. "Termination of a Trench-Linked Strike-Slip Fault Zone in the Sumatra–Java Forearc Basin and Accretionary Wedge Complex." Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral 21, no. 4 (November 4, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.geologi.v21i4.492.
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This paper presents a review of several published seismic reflection and seismicity data and analyzes of high-resolution bathymetry data to revise the exact location and reveal detail characteristics of a strike-slip fault zone that formed the southernmost segment of the Sumatran Fault (SF). Previous works interpreted this fault segment as a horst structure to the south of a pull-apart basin. We observe a clear linear trace of dissected seafloor parallels to SF in the high-resolution bathymetric map. This structure extends from the south of a pull-apart basin in the northwest to the Sunda accretionary wedge farther southeast. This lineament exhibits a narrow valley and a linear ridge that in the subsurface are interpreted as negative and positive flower structures, respectively. The structure exhibits a vertical fault plane and appears to have deformed the accretionary wedge sediments and basement at depth. A cluster of shallow seismicity is observed along this NW-trending fault zone, indicating the activity of this zone. Here, we proposed this strike-slip fault as the Ujung Kulon Fault that marks the southeasternmost segment of the SF zone. This segment deformed the area of the Sumatra-Java forearc basin and terminated in accretionary wedge near the trench. The accumulated strain within UKF may trigger large earthquake in the future, close to the highly populated areas in the coast of Sumatra and Java.Keywords: Strike-slip fault, Sumatra Fault, Ujung Kulon Fault, segmentation, earthquake.
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Roessler, D., F. Krueger, M. Ohrnberger, and L. Ehlert. "Rapid characterisation of large earthquakes by multiple seismic broadband arrays." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 4 (April 27, 2010): 923–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-923-2010.
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Abstract. An automatic procedure is presented to retrieve rupture parameters for large earthquakes along the Sunda arc subduction zone. The method is based on standard array analysis and broadband seismograms registered within 30°–100° epicentral distance. No assumptions on source mechanism are required. By means of semblance the coherency of P waveforms is analysed at separate large-aperture arrays. Waveforms are migrated to a 10°×10° wide source region to study the spatio-temporal evolution of earthquakes at each array. The multiplication of the semblance source maps resulting at each array increases resolution. Start, duration, extent, direction, and propagation velocity are obtained and published within 25 min after the onset of the event. First preliminary results can be obtained even within 16 min. Their rapid determination may improve the mitigation of the earthquake and tsunami hazard. Real-time application will provide rupture parameters to the GITEWS project (German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System). The method is applied to the two M8.0 Sumatra earthquakes on 12 September 2007, to the M7.4 Java earthquake on 2 September 2009, and to major subduction earthquakes that have occurred along Sumatra and Java since 2000. Obtained rupture parameters are most robust for the largest earthquakes with magnitudes M≥8. The results indicate that almost the entire seismogenic part of the subduction zone off the coast of Sumatra has been ruptured. Only the great Sumatra event in 2004 and the M7.7 Java event on 17 July 2006 could reach to or close to the surface at the trench. Otherwise, the rupturing was apparently confined to depths below 25 km. Major seismic gaps seem to remain off the coast of Padang and the southern tip of Sumatra.
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Špičák, Aleš, Václav Hanuš, and Jiří Vaněk. "Earthquake occurrence along the Java trench in front of the onset of the Wadati-Benioff zone: Beginning of a new subduction cycle?" Tectonics 26, no. 1 (February 2007): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005tc001867.
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Phinney, Eric J., Paul Mann, Millard F. Coffin, and Thomas H. Shipley. "Sequence stratigraphy, structure, and tectonic history of the southwestern Ontong Java Plateau adjacent to the North Solomon Trench and Solomon Islands Arc." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 104, B9 (September 10, 1999): 20449–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999jb900169.
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Hall, Robert. "The subduction initiation stage of the Wilson cycle." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 470, no. 1 (February 19, 2018): 415–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp470.3.
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AbstractIn the Wilson cycle, there is a change from an opening to a closing ocean when subduction begins. Subduction initiation is commonly identified as a major problem in plate tectonics and is said to be nowhere observable, yet there are many young subduction zones at the west Pacific margins and in eastern Indonesia. Few studies have considered these examples. Banda subduction developed by the eastwards propagation of the Java trench into an oceanic embayment by tearing along a former ocean–continent boundary. The earlier subducted slab provided the driving force to drag down unsubducted oceanic lithosphere. Although this process may be common, it does not account for young subduction zones near Sulawesi at different stages of development. Subduction began there at the edges of ocean basins, not at former spreading centres or transforms. It initiated at a point where there were major differences in elevation between the ocean floor and the adjacent hot, weak and thickened arc/continental crust. The age of the ocean crust appears to be unimportant. A close relationship with extension is marked by the dramatic elevation of land, the exhumation of deep crust and the spectacular subsidence of basins, raising questions about the time required to move from no subduction to active subduction, and how initiation can be identified in the geological record.
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Southward, Eve C., Anja Schulze, and Verena Tunnicliffe. "Vestimentiferans (Pogonophora) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans: a new genus from Lihir Island (Papua New Guinea) and the Java Trench, with the first report of Arcovestia ivanovi from the North Fiji Basin." Journal of Natural History 36, no. 10 (June 2002): 1179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930110040402.
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Pintarić, Neda. "Workshop in translating Jan Kochanowski’s "Treny" into Croatian language." Studia Językoznawcze : synchroniczne i diachroniczne aspekty badań polszczyzny 14 (2015): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/sj.2015.14-09.
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Banaś-Korniak, Teresa. "Zgodnie z zasadą decorum. Przyczynek do wyjaśnienia wątków metapoetyckich w "Trenach" Jana Kochanowskiego." Napis Pismo poświęcone literaturze okolicznościowej i użytkowej 1 (2013): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18318/napis.2013.1.2.
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Santos, Layara De Paula Sousa, Thiago Augusto Mendes, Gustavo Rodrigues de Oliveira Abreu, Agenor Sousa Santos Neto, and Valéria De Sousa Leitão. "Software para Pré-Dimensionamento de Aterro Sanitário pelo Método Das Trincheiras Destinado a Municípios de Pequeno Porte." Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 20, no. 1 (February 27, 2016): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117019912.
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The work was mainly intended to subsidize design elements and management to develop computer application involving the preliminary design of landfills by the method of the trenches for the small municipalities. The computational tool (software) developed in Java requires input data to be supplied by the user so that it processes the calculations for disposal of urban waste and health in landfills run by the method of the trenches. After the entry of data by the user, click on the button "CALCULATE" of the software, then calculations, tables and graphics output is processed and can now be viewed and analyzed. The results of preliminary design for different scenarios (input data) obtained were satisfactory as presented validity compared with the calculation script established by the different academic references of the area as Kroetz (2003) and Ferreira (2008).
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Pełka, Angelika. "A critical edition of “Lament of the Death of Honourable Lady Katarzyna Branicka” by Jan Achacy Kmita." Meluzyna 4 (2016): 67–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/me.2016.1-05.
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Maulidiah, Christy, Reski Harisma Dewi Barkah, Riswandi Syam, Cakra Dewandaru, Rafi Ichsanul Iqbal, and Anindita Septiarini. "Jangan Mupeng (Jasa Undangan dan Mahar untuk Pengantin) sebagai Peluang Bisnis." Wikrama Parahita : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 4, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30656/jpmwp.v4i1.1871.
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Kewirausahaan dapat diciptakan oleh setiap manusia. Kreatifitas manusia menjadi salah satu penyebab terciptanya suatu kewirausahaan, bahkan dari kreatifitas mahasiswa sendiri pun dapat menciptakan suatu kewirausahaan salah satu nya adalah JANGAN MUPENG (Jasa undangan dan mahar untuk pengantin). Sebagian besar dari calon pengantin menginginkan acara yang sesuai dengan keinginan mereka yang terkesan mewah dan elegan namun dengan harga yang terjangkau. Namun sebagian besar dari mereka mengalami kesulitan ketika mencari informasi mengenai undangan yang trendi dan sesuai dengan konsep pernikahan yang mereka inginkan. JANGAN MUPENG di Samarinda memiliki peluang bagus karena jasa pembuatan undangan dan mahar dapat menyesuaikan dengan keinginan calon pengantin. JANGAN MUPENG ini menyediakan jasa pembuatan undangan dan mahar bagi calon pengantin sesuai dengan keinginan mereka. Ditinjau dari keadaan ekonomi masyarakat kota Samarinda yang cenderung mencari dan membeli barang yang murah tetapi tetap berkualitas, optimis bahwa produk jasa yang ditawarkan akanbanyak diminati oleh masyarakat. Produk usaha jasa ini menawarkan 2 luaran produk yang dapat dipilih pelanggan yaitu undangan dan mahar. Desain yang unik dan menyesuaikan selera dari calon pengantin menjadi daya jual tersendiri.
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Wertkin, M. G. "Breast cancer: a view from the trenches." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 270, no. 12 (September 22, 1993): 1424b—1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.270.12.1424b.
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Wertkin, Martin G. "Breast Cancer: A View From the Trenches." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 270, no. 12 (September 22, 1993): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1993.03510120046021.
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Glasbrenner, Kimberly. "Physicians taking adolescent medicine from benches to trenches." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 255, no. 4 (January 24, 1986): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1986.03370040011001.
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Glasbrenner, K. "Physicians taking adolescent medicine from benches to trenches." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 255, no. 4 (January 24, 1986): 441–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.255.4.441.
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Love, Susan M. "Breast Cancer: A View From the Trenches-Reply." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 270, no. 12 (September 22, 1993): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1993.03510120046022.
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Gahagen, Lisa. "Reflections from the COVID trenches." Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 34, no. 3 (March 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jaa.0000733256.57357.b9.
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Wahyuni, Wahyuni, and Jajang Nurjaman. "PENERAPAN VALUE DISCIPLINE STRATEGY PADA BANK KALTIM CABANG TANA PASER." Sebatik 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46984/sebatik.v18i1.84.
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Bank Daerah saat ini diharapkan mampu bersaing dengan bank-bank swasta dalam meningkatkan kualitas taraf hidup masyarakat, selain untuk dapat menghimpun dana masyarakat di daerah tersebut. Bank Kaltim Cabang Tana Paser yang merupakan bank daerah di Kabupaten Tana Paser terus berupaya untuk memberikan layanan terbaik kepada nasabahnya dalam bentuk pelayanan produk dan jasa. Sesuai dengan visinya “Menjadi The True Regional Champion yang Kuat, Kompetitif dan Kontributif dalam mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah yang berkualitas”, Bank Kaltim Cabang Tana Paser membutuhkan suatu strategi bisnis untuk mencapai visi tersebut yaitu dengan menggunakan Value Discipline Strategy. Value discipline strategy atau bisa disebut disiplin nilai pertama kali dikemukakan oleh seorang presiden dari perusahaan Treacy yaitu Michael Treacy dan Fred Wierseam. Pada dasarnya, teori ini menekankan pentingnya identifikasi terhadap segmen pasar (market segment). Menurut pand angan ini, ada tiga segmen generik, diantaranya adalah Operational Excellence,Product Leadership,Customer Intimacy. Untuk dapat menentukan jenis strategi yang tepat, maka dibutuhkan suatu analisis baik dari faktor eksternal dan internal. Setelah dilakukan analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa jenis strategi yang tepat untuk diterapkan adalah Customer Intimacy dimana pada jenis strategi ini Bank Kaltim Cabang Tana Paserdifokuskan pada pendekatan terhadap nasabah.
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Puspaningtyas, Anggraeny, Tri Pramesti, Ingesti Lady Rara P., and Mita Octaviani. "MENGGAGAS DESA WISATA PLUNTURAN BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DI KABUPATEN PONOROGO JAWA TIMUR." PEDULI: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (January 30, 2021): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37303/peduli.v4i2.210.
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Plunturan is one of villages in Ponorogo, East Java Province. The prime product of Plunturan Village is a cultural heritage that is still maintained by the local village community. The various cultural products are Reyog (Reyog Anak, Reyog Perempuan dan Reyog Taruna); Gajah-Gajahan; Jathilan; Ganongan; Tledekan; Karawitan; Wayang Kulit; Coke’an; Metik Desa; Metri Desa; Metri Tandur; Campursari; and Sego Angkruk. Artists come from across generations, passed down through village elders and art groups. Artists today do not consider the potential of art in their village as their main source of income. They have other livelihoods such as farmers, traders, civil servants, government officials, teachers, health workers, private employees. This condition causes a lack of initiative from artists to attract tourists from outside the region. The role of stakeholders in Plunturan Village is very important in developing cultural tourism. The Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) which is the driving force for cultural tourism development activities must develop a strategy to make Plunturan a tourism village. Therefore, this service uses a SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and treath) to find out what strategies should be taken to initiate Plunturan Tourism Village based on local wisdom. So that culture-based development is not only aimed at improving culture, but also in carrying out development it is necessary to base on the culture that is owned, especially regarding value systems, attitudes and customs.
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BROŽIČ, LILIANA. "PRIDOBIVANJE IN ZADRŽEVANJE KADROV KOT IZZIV SODOBNIH OBOROŽENIH SIL IN DRUŽB." CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES, VOLUME 2018, ISSUE 20/2 (June 15, 2018): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.20.2.0.
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Zadnji teden junija 2017 je v grških Atenah potekala 14. konferenca ERGOMAS-a. Kratica pomeni evropsko raziskovano skupino na področju vojske in družbe, ki je bila ustanovljena leta 1986. To je javna, neprofitna in ideološko neodvisna profesionalna organizacija znanstvenikov. Delujejo prek konferenc, na katerih se srečujejo vsako drugo leto. Skupina deluje na različnih področjih: vojaška profesija, javno mnenje, množični mediji in vojska; morala, kohezija in voditeljstvo; vojaške družine, civilni nadzor nad oboroženimi silami; enakost spolov in vojske; bojevniki za ohranjanje miru, odnosi med vojsko in policijo, nasilje in vojska, pridobivanje in zadrževanje kadrov, veterani in družba, upravljanje vojaških konfliktov in ekonomija miru ter kritične vojaške študije. Za vsako področje je odgovoren koordinator, ki skrbi za pripravo in izvedbo sekcij na konferencah. Dr. Tibor Szvircsev Tresch je koordinator ERGOMAS-a za področje pridobivanja in zadrževanja kadra v sodobnih oboroženih silah in tudi član uredniškega odbora Sodobnih vojaških izzivov. Z njim smo se v Atenah dogovorili za pripravo posebne tematske številke na to temo. Pridobivanje in zadrževanje kadra v oboroženih silah ni le težava, s katero se zadnjih nekaj let spoprijemata Slovenska vojska in Slovenija, temveč gre za kompleksen pojav, s katerim se srečujejo tudi druge sodobne oborožene sile, družbe in države. Te se po eni strani zelo razlikujejo po različnih dejavnikih, a imajo hkrati enake težave – premajhno število vojaškega kadra, neuspešne načine njihovega zadrževanja in premalo domišljene koncepte za njihov izhod iz oboroženih sil nazaj na trg delovne sile. S problematiko se posamezne države spoprijemajo zelo različno, nekatere v določenih pogledih tudi podobno, dejstvo pa je, da se vse tega lotevajo zelo intenzivno, profesionalno in tudi znanstveno, kar bo razvidno iz člankov v tej tematski številki. O slovenskih izzivih lahko zapišemo, da je čas za preučevanje tega področja v širšem kontekstu. Težava pridobivanja kadrov za Slovensko vojsko ni le težava Slovenske vojske, temveč slovenske države, ki mora zagotavljati nacionalno varnost.
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Ketoja, Elise, Maarit Mäki, Pirjo Rantamäki, Tuomo Tupasela, Marjo Keskitalo, and Anja Lapveteläinen. "Olennaiset vaihtelunlähteet tattaripuurojen aistinvaraisissa kokeissa." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 23 (January 31, 2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.76992.
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Tutkimus on osa MTT:ssa vuosina 2003-2007 toteutettua tattarihanketta, jossa yhtenä tavoitteena oli uusien tattarituotteiden kehittely. Tuotekehityksessä lajikkeiden aistinvaraiset ominaisuudet ovat tärkeitä satoisuuden, kemiallisen koostumuksen ja prosessoitavuuden lisäksi. Ominaisuuksien arviointiin kehitettiin vedestä ja tattarista valmistetulle puurolle aistinvarainen profiili määrittelemällä yhdeksän tyypillisintä tattaripuuron makua, hajua, suutuntumaa ja ulkonäköä kuvaavaa ominaisuutta. Profiilia sovellettiin kokeessa, jossa vertailtavana oli neljä MTT:ssa viljeltyä lajiketta. Kahdeksan koulutettua arvioijaa arvioi neljän lajikkeen näytesarjan neljällä eri arviointikerralla. Arvioijat satunnaistettiin näytesarjoihin Williamsin latinalaisia 4x4-neliöitä käyttäen. Ominaisuuksien voimak-kuutta mitattiin 10 cm:n jana-asteikolla lukuun ottamatta värin tummuusastetta, joka mitattiin numeerisella (1-10) asteikolla. Lajikevaikutuksen lisäksi tavoitteena oli saada tietoa muiden arviointipisteisiin vaihtelua aiheuttavien tekijöiden merkityksestä. Mielenkiinto kohdistui erityisesti puurojen arviointijärjestyksen vaikutuksen ja edellisen näytteen jälkivaikutuksen suuruuteen.Kokeessa ei saatu näyttöä jälkivaikutuksesta. Tähän pyrittiin ohjeistamalla arvioijat neutraloimaan suu vedellä ja tuorekurkulla näytteiden välillä. Tulos voi selittyä osittain myös siitä, että yksikään lajike ei poikennut paljon muista arvioitujen ominaisuuksien voimakkuuksien suhteen. Järjestysvaikutusta sen sijaan esiintyi kaikilla kolmella makuominaisuudella. Näytesarjoissa ensimmäisinä arvioiduilla näytteillä arviointipisteiden estimoidut keskiarvot olivat kaikkein pienimmät. Sen jälkeen keskiarvoissa oli nouseva trendi kolmansina arvioituihin näytteisiin asti. Toisina ja kolmansina arvioitujen näytteiden keskiarvojen ero ei kuitenkaan ollut enää tilastollisesti merkitsevä millään makuominaisuudella. Ero ensimmäisinä ja myöhemmin arvioitujen näytteiden keskiarvojen välillä oli suurimmillaan noin yksi yksikkö kaikilla makuominaisuuksilla. Muista vaikutuksista arvioijavaikutus oli odotetusti suurin vaihtelunlähde. Yhdysvaikutusten (arvioija x arviointikerta, arvioija x lajike, arviointikerta x lajike) osuudet havaintojen vaihtelusta olivat pieniä, mikä kertoo koeolosuhteiden ja arvioijaraadin toiminnan yhdenmukaisuudesta.Tulokset osoittavat, että erityisesti järjestysvaikutus voi olla aistinvaraisissa kokeissa olennainen vaihtelunlähde, vaikka muut mahdolliset lähteet olisi otettu huomioon. Jälkivaikutustakaan ei voi itsestään selvästi sulkea pois, sillä sen esiintyminen voi riippua tuotteiden ominaisuuksista ja arvioitavien ominaisuuksien määrästä. Tulokset puoltavat sellaisten asetelmien käyttöä aistinvaraisissa kokeissa, jotka ottavat järjestys- ja jälkivaikutuksen esiintymismahdollisuuden huomioon.
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Abadi, Istar. "Strategi Pengembangan Agribisnis Peternakan Sapi Perah Di Kabupaten Kediri." Manajemen Agribisnis: Jurnal Agribisnis 19, no. 2 (October 16, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/agribisnis.v19i2.648.
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Dairy Cattle Raising livestock in Kediri as a dairy farm development areas in East Java is still a small-scale businesses. The level of production, the level of consumption, the origin of milk protein needs can not be fulfilled optimally, although natural resources support. Therefore, a dairy farm in Kediri is still possible to develop the necessary strategy and development of effective and efficient.
The purpose of this study, among others, is to establish the region as an area representative dairy farm agribusiness development, establish appropriate strategies for the development of agribusiness dairy farm as well as to arrange alternative agribusiness development strategy dairy farm in Kediri. Research using primary and secondary data types. Primary data collection techniques for interviews, direct interviews and questionnaires with respondents specialists/experts and entrepreneurs (dairy farmers). Analytical techniques used include the analysis of LQ (Location quation), AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and SWOT analysis.
LQ analysis results showed the District of Ngancar adequate as agribusiness development area dairy farm with a second buffer area in District Kandangan. The appropriate strategy is growth stability (stability of growth) through horizontal integration strategy for improved economies of scale. Alternative strategies for the development of agribusiness dairy farm are: 1). S-O Strategies (Strength-Opportunity) which is to increase the number of dairy cow population through the conclusion of joint venture or partner with another party patterns, expand markets, improve production facilities and technology, optimize land and increase the types of dairy products; 2). Strategy W-O (Weakness- Opportunity) that creates unity and container farmer groups, improve product processing, making the central areas of quality dairy cows, the increase in feed processing and increase sales promotion; 3). Strategy S-T (Strength-Treath) that increased adoption of technological innovation, empowerment of farm credit by farmers, community empowerment in the dairy cattle business, enhance the competitiveness of milk products and the application of quality assurance and food safety at pengohahan livestock products; 4). Strategy W-T (Weakness -Treaths), namely recruitment, upgrading and development of the role of technical facilitator breeding and selecting distribution channels marketing of primary products fresh milk dairy cows. To improve the effectiveness of the strategy has been formulated needed prioritized intervention to these strategies is a priority. In addition, institutional management for the development of agribusiness dairy farm systems need to be identified and carefully engineered so that the strategy adopted to encourage the achievement of the goal of developing agribusiness dairy farm in Kediri.
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Mulyani, Anny, and Mamat Haris Suwanda. "Pengelolaan Lahan Kering Beriklim Kering untuk Pengembangan Jagung di Nusa Tenggara." Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan 13, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jsdl.v13n1.2019.41-52.
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<p><strong>Abstrak</strong>. Wilayah Nusa Tenggara mempunyai lahan kering beriklim kering seluas 4,9 juta ha dengan curah hujan <2.000 mm/tahun dan bulan kering 5-10 bulan, bersolum tanah dangkal dan berbatu. Sebagian lahan tersebut sudah dimanfaatkan menjadi lahan pertanian terutama jagung, akibatnya produktivitas tanaman jagung rendah dibandingkan potensi genetiknya, yaitu sekitar 2,5 ton/ha di NTT dan 5,3 ton/ha di NTB dibanding dengan potensi genetiknya 9 ton/ha. Sejak tahun 2010-2015, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian telah mengembangkan inovasi teknologi pengelolaan lahan kering beriklim kering dan berbatu di beberapa kabupaten di NTT dan NTB, meliputi penyediaan sumberdaya air (dam parit, embung, tampung renteng mini, sumur dangkal), pengenalan varietas unggul baru dan budidaya tanaman pangan. Pembelajaran yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa penyediaan air menjadi titik ungkit untuk meningkatkan indeks pertanaman dan produktivitas tanaman. Inovasi teknologi yang dibutuhkan petani adalah, mudah diterapkan, biaya murah, dan efisien tenaga kerja mendorong berlanjutnya teknologi tersebut meskipun progam tersebut telah selesai. Pada tahun 2014-2018 telah dilaksanakan kegiatan pertanian konservasi melalui dana hibah barang dan jasa yang dikelola FAO. Prinsip dasar pertanian konservasi terdiri atas 3 pilar, yaitu olah tanah terbatas berupa lubang olah permanen, penutupan permukaan tanah, rotasi/tumpangsari. Lubang tanam tersebut diberi pupuk kandang atau kompos, dan ditanami jagung pada 4 penjuru lubang, dan ditumpangsarikan dengan berbagai kacang-kacangan atau tanaman merambat seperti labu kuning yang berfungsi sebagai penutup tanah dan penghasilan tambahan dari kacang-kacangan berumur pendek. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tanah sebelum dan sesudah implementasi pertanian konservasi menunjukkan bahwa pertanian konservasi dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah, retensi air dan meningkatkan produksi tanaman jagung.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>. The Nusa Tenggara region has upland area with dry climate of 4.9 million ha, less than 2,000 mm annual rainfall, 5-10 dry months, shallow and rocky soils. Some of the land has been used for agricultural development, especially corn, resulting in low corn productivity of around 2.5 tons / ha in NTT and 5.3 tons / ha in NTB as compared to it genetic potential 9 tons /ha. Since 2010-2015, Indonesian Agency of Agricultural Research and Development has developed innovation of soil management technology for upland with dry climates and and rocky soils in several districts in NTT and NTB. The innovation includes the provision of water resources (dam trenches, reservoirs, mini catchments, and shallow wells), introduction of new high yielding varieties and cultivation crops. The lessons learned show that water supply is the initial point to increase cropping index and crop productivity. Technological innovations needed by farmers are easy to implement, low cost, and labor efficient thereby encourage the continuation of the technology even though the program has been completed. In 2014-2018, conservation agriculture activities were carried out through grants of goods and services managed by Food Agriculture Organization (FAO). The basic principle of conservation agriculture consists of 3 pillars, namely limited tillage in the form of permanent planting holes, cover crops, rotation / intercropping. The planting hole is given manure or compost, and planted with corn in 4 corners, and intercropped with various nuts or vines such as pumpkin that serves as a soil cover and additional income from short-lived beans. Based on the results of soil analysis before and after the implementation of conservation agriculture, it shows that conservation agriculture can increase soil fertility, water retention and increase corn crop production.</p>
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Jamieson, Alan J., and Thomas D. Linley. "Hydrozoans, scyphozoans, larvaceans and ctenophores observed in situ at hadal depths." Journal of Plankton Research, January 5, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbaa062.
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Abstract Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Larvacea (Appendicularia) and Ctenophora are not typically associated with hadal communities. Here, we report observations of these groups based on 136 benthic camera lander deployments that spanned all five oceans, encompassing 14 deep sites, culminating in >1000 h of video in the near-bottom waters between 5000 and 10 925 m. Of the Hydrozoa, trachymedusae had a maximum depth of 9066 m in the Mariana Trench, narcomedusae were recorded to a maximum depth of 7220 m in the San Cristobal Trench and a single siphonophore was seen at 7888 m in the Mariana Trench. Scyphozoans were seen as deep as 6898 m in the New Hebrides Trench. The deepest ctenophore was seen at 6037 m in the Kermadec Trench. Larvaceans were seen in the Agulhas Fracture Zone and the Puerto Rico, Kermadec, South Shetland and Java trenches, with the deepest being 7176 m in the Java Trench. None of these groups were seen in the deep Arctic or Antarctic deeper than 6000 m. Narcomedusae, siphonophorae, Scyphozoa and Ctenophora appear very rare at hadal depths, while the larvaceans and trachymedusae appear to be relatively conspicuous in the benthopelagic at hadal depths.
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Nailil, Canggih Nailil Maghfiroh, EKA TARWACA SUSILA PUTRA, and ENDANG SRI DEWI HS. "Root detection by resistivity imaging and physiological activity with the dead-end trench on three clones of cocoa (Theobroma cacao)." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 21, no. 6 (May 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210656.
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Abstract. Maghfiroh CN, Putra ETS, Dewi HSES. 2020. Root detection by resistivity imaging and physiological activity with the dead-end trench on three clones of cocoa (Theobroma cacao). Biodiversitas 21: 2794-2803. Indonesia is one of the largest cocoa production countries in Southeast Asia, but has low average productivity (982 kg/ha) based on Indonesian Plantation Statistics (2017). Productivity increase effort by giving dead-end trenches that applied to collect organic material, accommodate surface runoff sediments, prevent erosion, and maintain nutrient availability. Dead-end trench had an impact on root cutting and improve rooting. Clone is very influential on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) yield. The superior clones recommended are clones RCC-70, RCC-71, and KKM-22, which have high productivity and are resistant to pests and diseases. The objectives of this research were (i) to detect the presence of roots by resistivity imaging (ii) to study the effects of dead-end trench application on physiological activities of cocoa leaves and yields of three clones (RCC-70, RCC-71, and KKM-22); (iii) to determine which cocoa clone (s) performed a significant yield increase with the application of dead-end trench. Research was conducted in August 2018-April 2019 at PT. Pagilaran cocoa plantation in North Segayung Production Unit, subdistrict Tulis, Batang, Central Java. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete design with two factors and three blocks as replications. The first factor was dead-end trench application (with or without dead-end trench application) and the second factor was cocoa clones (RCC-70, RCC-71, and KKM-22). This study showed that dead-end trench applications affected plant roots based on the interpretation results of geoelectric-resistivity measurements. Dead-end trench application significantly affected chlorophyll a, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and H2O leaf content. Dead-end trench application has no significant effect on the content of chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase activity, stomatal density, CO2 leaf content, and photosynthesis rate.
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Kusnida, Dida, and Tommy Naibaho. "TINJAUAN GEOLOGI TERHADAP MODEL ELEVASI DIGITAL SISTEM PARIT-PRISMA AKRESI, SELATAN JAWA." JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN 7, no. 2 (February 16, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.7.2.2009.171.
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Model elevasi digital sistem parit-prisma akresi selatan Pulau Jawa menggambarkan keterwakilan topografi dasar laut seperti elevasi, lereng dan lain sebagainya secara tepat dan dengan mudah dapat dikuantifikasikan serta digambarkan sebagai output images. Sistem parit-prisma akresi selatan Pulau Jawa terletak di sebelah tenggara tepian Paparan Sunda dan diperkirakan dialasi oleh kerak samudera terakresi dan berada pada tahap awal evolusi. Analisis topografi rinci data model elevasi digital (DEM) dari daerah ini menunjukan hubungan yang erat antara struktur geologi dan batas satuan batuan.
Kata kunci : parit, prisma akresi, DEM, topografi, lereng.
Digital elevation model of the trench-accretionary prism system off south Java Island displays an accurate representation of seafloor topographic such as elevation, slope, etc and can easily be quantified and is displayed as output images. The trench-accretionary prism system off south Java Island lies on the southeast Sunda Shelf continental margin and it is suggested to be underlain by the basement of accreted oceanic crust, which is still in an early stage of evolution. Detailed topographic analysis of the digital elevation model (DEM) data from the area reveals a strong correlation between geological structures and rock unit boundaries.
Keywords : trench, accretionary prism, DEM, topography, slope.
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Doo, Wen-Bin, Chung-Liang Lo, Hao Kuo-Chen, Yin-Sheng Huang, Wen-Nan Wu, Shu-Kun Hsu, and Hsueh-Fen Wang. "Variations in mantle lithosphere buoyancy reveal seismogenic behavior in the Sunda-Andaman subduction zone." Geophysical Journal International, November 5, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz502.
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Summary The distribution of historic earthquakes in the Sumatra subduction zone reveals, in the fore-arc region, the intense seismic activity and frequent occurrences of Mw > 8 earthquakes throughout the whole area. In contrast, the neighboring region has less dense seismicity, and no large earthquake greater than Mw8 has been observed in the Java subduction zone. Such different seismic behaviors may be due to distinct degrees of the stress accumulation and release. In this study, the strength of plate coupling inferred from mantle lithosphere buoyancy (Hm) estimation is used to explain the seismogenic behavior in the Sunda-Andaman subduction zone. Strong and weak plate coupling status are obtained in the Sumatra and Java subduction zones, respectively. These results can explain the significant differences in seismogenic behaviors in the Sunda-Andaman subduction zone. In assessing the global implications of this finding, we observe that uplifted serpentinized fore-arc mantle peridotite is the critical phenomenon in weak plate coupling cases and leads to a limit on the width of the coupling zone. Strong plate coupling can cause a relatively low gravity anomaly as well as a negative trench-parallel gravity anomaly (TPGA) in the fore-arc regions and correlates well with the occurrence of large earthquakes, whereas weak plate coupling can cause a positive TPGA and constrain the potential occurrence of large earthquakes.
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Nainggolan, Tumpal Bernhard, Muh Nur Iqlal Manai, and Subarsyah Subarsyah. "Spectral Decomposition with Continuous Wavelet Transform for Hydrocarbon Zone Detection of North Bali Waters." BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY 33, no. 2 (October 26, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/bomg.33.2.2018.556.
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The East Java Basin is developed from an oceanic basin in front of Late Cretaceous Java Trench subduction zone to presently back-arc basin behind the Java-Lombok volcanic arc to the south. Many studies conclude hydrocarbon discovery in deep carbonate Ngimbang Formation. However, as a result of the active tectonic history of the region, there are fractures from Ngimbang Formation upward to the Oligo-Miocene Kujung Formation. It developes enhanced permeability medium for a good hydrocarbon migration. This paper presents shallow gas detection zone in the Mundu Formation by applying the spectral decomposition method with continous wavelet transform. Spectral decomposition can be effectively used to identify hydrocarbon reservoirs by analyzing seismic data in the frequency domain. Spectral decomposition with frequency 20 Hz shows the potential zone at time 779 - 832 ms which is suitable with depth 2237.5 - 2355.6 feet in well TRG-1. This method is supported with quantitative calculation of petrophysical analysis that determines 5 pay flag zones range from 2208.5 feet until 2347.5 feet.Keywords : East Java Basin, spectral decomposition, continuous wavelet transform, petrophysical analysisCekungan Jawa Timur terbentuk dari cekungan samudera di tepi zona subduksi pulau Jawa pada masa Cretaseous/Kapur Akhir hingga cekungan busur belakang sistem vulkanik Jawa-Lombok di selatan. Banyak penelitian menyimpulkan penemuan hidrokarbon pada lapisan karbonat Formasi Ngimbang yang dalam. Namun, sebagai akibat dari sejarah tektonik aktif dari wilayah tersebut, terdapat rekahan dari Formasi Ngimbang sampai ke atas hingga Formasi Kujung pada masa Oligo-Miosen. Kejadian tersebut menyebabkan timbulnya peningkatan permeabilitas medium yang baik untuk migrasi hidrokarbon. Makalah ini menyajikan deteksi zona gas dangkal pada Formasi Mundu dengan menerapkan metode dekomposisi spektral dengan transformasi wavelet kontinyu. Dekomposisi spektral dapat secara efektif digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi reservoir hidrokarbon dengan menganalisa data seismik dalam domain frekuensi. Dekomposisi spektral dengan frekuensi 20 Hz menunjukkan zona potensial pada kedalaman domain waktu 779 - 832 ms yang sesuai dengan 2237.5 - 2355.6 kaki pada sumur TRG-1. Metode ini didukung dengan perhitungan kuantitatif analisa petrofisika yang menentukan 5 zona gas mulai dari 2208.5 kaki hingga 2.347.5 kaki.Kata kunci : Cekungan Jawa Timur, dekomposisi spektral, transformasi wavelet kontinyu, analisa petrofisika
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Lai, Yu-Ming, Sun-Lin Chung, Azman A. Ghani, Sayed Murtadha, Hao-Yang Lee, and Mei-Fei Chu. "Mid-Miocene volcanic migration in the westernmost Sunda arc induced by India-Eurasia collision." Geology, March 4, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g48568.1.
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The migration of arc magmatism that is a fundamental aspect of plate tectonics may reflect the complex interaction between subduction zone processes and regional tectonics. Here we report new observations on volcanic migration from northwestern Sumatra, in the westernmost Sunda arc, characterized by an oblique convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates. Our study indicates that in northwestern Sumatra, volcanism ceased at 15–10 Ma on the southern coast and reignited to form a suite of active volcanoes that erupt exclusively to the north of the trench-parallel Sumatran fault. Younger volcanic rocks from the north are markedly more enriched in K2O and other highly incompatible elements, delineating a geochemical variation over space and time similar to that in Java and reflecting an increase in the Benioff zone depth. We relate this mid-Miocene volcanic migration in northwestern Sumatra to the far-field effect of propagating extrusion tectonics driven by the India-Eurasia collision. The extrusion caused regional deformation southward through Myanmar to northwestern Sumatra and thus transformed the oblique subduction into a dextral motion–governed plate boundary. This tectonic transformation, associated with opening of the Andaman Sea, is suggested to be responsible for the volcanic migration in northwestern Sumatra.
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Hongyu, Zeng, Wei Shengji, and Wu Wenbo. "Sources of uncertainties and artifacts in back-projection results." Geophysical Journal International, October 21, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz482.
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Summary Back-projecting high-frequency (HF) waves is a common procedure for imaging rupture processes of large earthquakes (i.e. Mw > 7.0). However, obtained back-projection (BP) results could suffer from large uncertainties since high-frequency seismic waveforms are strongly affected by factors like source depth, focal mechanisms, and the Earth's 3D velocity structures. So far, these uncertainties have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we use synthetic tests to investigate the influencing factors for which scenarios with various source and/or velocity set-ups are designed, using either Tohoku-Oki (Japan), Kaikoura (New Zealand), Java/Wharton Basin (Indonesia) as test areas. For the scenarios, we generate either 1D or 3D teleseismic synthetic data, which are then back-projected using a representative BP method, MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC). We also analyze corresponding real cases to verify the synthetic test results. The Tohoku-Oki scenario shows that depth phases of a point source can be back-projected as artifacts at their bounce points on the earth's surface, with these artifacts located far away from the epicenter if earthquakes occur at large depths, which could significantly contaminate BP images of large intermediate-depth earthquakes. The Kaikoura scenario shows that for complicated earthquakes, composed of multiple sub-events with varying focal mechanisms, BP tends to image sub-events emanating large amplitude coherent waveforms, while missing sub-events whose P nodal directions point to the arrays, leading to discrepancies either between BP images from different arrays, or between BP images and other source models. Using the Java event, we investigate the impact of 3D source-side velocity structures. The 3D bathymetry together with a water layer can generate strong and long-lasting coda waves, which are mirrored as artifacts far from the true source location. Finally, we use a Wharton Basin outer-rise event to show that the wavefields generated by 3D near trench structures contain frequency-dependent coda waves, leading to frequency-dependent BP results. In summary, our analyses indicate that depth phases, focal mechanism variations, and 3D source-side structures can affect various aspects of BP results. Thus, we suggest that target-oriented synthetic tests, for example, synthetic tests for subduction earthquakes using more realistic 3D source-side velocity structures, should be conducted to understand the uncertainties and artifacts before we interpret detailed BP images to infer earthquake rupture kinematics and dynamics.
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Yuningsih, Ai Yuningsih. "ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL MARINE CURRENT ENERGY IN THE STRAITS OF THE LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS." BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY 36, no. 1 (September 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/bomg.36.1.2021.703.
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The Lesser Sunda Islands extend from Bali to Timor and consist of two geologically distinct parts formed by a subduction system of oceanic crust along the Java-Timor Trench. The northern part which includes Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Wetar, Pantar and Alor, is volcanic in origin; whilst the southern part is non-volcanic, encompassing the islands of Sumba, Timor and Rote. The straits along the Lesser Sunda Islands are formed as a result of very complex geological processes and tectonics in this area. These straits are the most important cross-sections in the southern part of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), functioning as outlets for the mass flows of seawater from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean through the Flores and the Savu Seas. In these straits, relatively high current speeds are occurred, not only caused by the ITF but also due to its geometry, the influence of tidal flow, and monsoonal currents.Site study and ocean current measurement were conducted by using an echosounder, a pair of Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP), and other supporting equipment. In general, the average of most ocean current speeds is less than 1.5 m/s with a duration flow of 8 -12 hours a day, and the maximum speed reaches up to 3 m/s. The tidal types in almost all the straits are mixed semidiurnal tides, in which two high waters and two low waters occur twice a day, with the high and low tides differ in height.The Lesser Sunda Straits were selected as the potential sites for ocean current power plant because their current speeds are relatively high and their characteristics are more predictable compared with other straits from other regions. Based on the results of bathymetry survey and current characteristics from the deployed ADCP at a fixed (stationary) location on the seabed, the best location for the current power turbines is at the depth of 15-30 m where the seabed gently sloping.