Academic literature on the topic 'Jaworski'

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Journal articles on the topic "Jaworski"

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Gilewski, Marian. "The ecological hazard of artificial lighting in greenhouses." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 3 (2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i3.934.

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This article draws attention to the shortcomings of modern lighting systems used in greenhouses. Its content focuses on the negative effects of mismatches between the photosynthetic needs of plants and the parameters of artificial light sources. Greenhouse lamps designers often do not have the knowledge of biological cultivation dependencies. Therefore, their cooperation with specialists of plant physiology and gardeners is indispensable. This is important because it can affect the consumer quality of vegetables. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM.Kucharczyk, I.Gąsak, Ecological effects of light pollution , III International Conference on Scientific and Technical TRANSEIA, Krynica Zdrój, Poland, 6-8 December 2017. DirectLink T. H. Goldsmith, What Birds See, Scientific American Inc. (2006), CrossRef E.J. Gerl, M.R. Morris, The Causes and Consequences of Color Vision, Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, 2008. CrossRef K. Jaworski, A. Szmidt-Jaworska, J. Kopcewicz, Two calcium dependent protein kinases are differently regulated by light and have different activity patterns during seedling growth in Pharbitis nil, open access at Springerlink.com, Journal: 10725, Article: 9609, 2011. CrossRef K. Jaworski, A. Pawełek, J. Kopcewicz, A. Szmidt-Jaworska, The calcium-dependent protein kinase (PnCDPK1) is involved in Pharbitis nil flowering, Journal of Plant Physiology 169 p. 1578-1585, 2012. CrossRef A. Szmidt-Jaworska, K. Jaworski, J. Kopcewicz, Effect of light on soluble guanylyl cyclase activity in Pharbitis nil seedlings, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 93 p. 9-15, 2008. CrossRef Horticulture Lighting Group, Goniophotometer Test Report of the ELITE ECO lamp CrossRef K. Marra, E. P. LaRochelle, M. S. Chapman, P. J. Hoopes, K. Lukovits, E. V. Maytin, T. Hasan, B. W. Pogue, Comparison of Blue and White Lamp Light with Sunlight for Daylight‐Mediated, 5‐ALA Photodynamic Therapy, in vivo, Wiley Online Library, 16 April 2018 CrossRef M. Gilewski, The Ecological Harmfulness of RGB LED Light, International Conference on Energy, Power, Electrical and Environmental Engineering : EPEEE 2018, DEStech Publications, Wuhan, Hong Kong, September 27-28, 2018. CrossRef K. J. McCree, The Action Spectrum, Absorptance and Quantum Yield of Photosynthesis in Crop Plants, Agricultural Meteorology, Elsevier Publishing Company, 9 p. 191-216 , 1972. CrossRef EconoLux Indastries Ltd., What Light do Plants Need, Hong Kong CrossRef I. Ashdown, Photometry and Photosynthesis: From Photometry to PPFD, SunTracker Technologies Ltd CrossRef OSRAM Opto Semiconductors, Horticulture Lighting with LEDs, OS SSL | NR AW CH, November 2016 CrossRef M. Mottus, M. Sulev, F. Baret, R. Lopez-Lozano, A. Reinart, Photosynthetically Active Radiation: Measurement and Modeling CrossRef Heliospectra AB, Full Flexibility ELIXIA grow ligh CrossRef Heliospectra AB, Full Flexibility ELIXIA grow light CrossRef A. Szmidt-Jaworska1, K. Jaworski1, A. Tretyn, J. Kopcewicz, The involvement of cyclic GMP in the photoperiodic flower induction of Pharbitis nil, J. Plant Physiol. 161. p. 277-284, 2004. CrossRef A. Szmidt-Jaworska, K. Jaworski, J. Kopcewicz, The Involvement of Cyclic ADPR in Photoperiodic Flower Induction of Pharbitis nil, J Plant Growth Regul 25: p. 233-244, 2006. CrossRef A. Szmidt-Jaworska, K. Jaworski, A. Zienkiewicz, M. Lenartowska, J. Kopcewicz, Guanylyl cyclase activity during photoperiodic flower induction in Pharbitis nil, Plant Growth Regul 57: p. 173-184, 2009. CrossRef U.J. Błaszczak, D.A. Aziz, L. Gryko, Influence of the spectral composition of LED lighting system on plants cultivation in a darkroom, Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 10445, (2017) 1-9. CrossRef L. Gryko, U. Blaszczak, A.S. Zajac, Colorimetric characterization of the tunable LED-based light source at the output of the homogenizing rod, Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 10808, 2018. CrossRef I.Fryc, T. Dimitrova-Grekow, An automated system for evaluation of the quality of light sources, 6th IEEE Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries : LUMEN V4, Karpacz, September 13-16, 2016. CrossRef J. Kusznier, M. Zajkowski, L. Budzynski, D. Tyniecki, Ring optical mixer for LED with truncated surfaces, Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 10325, 2017. CrossRef W. Wojtkowski, LED Power Supply with Thermal Protection for Automotive Application, 7th Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries : LUMEN V4, Třebíč, September 18-20, 2018. CrossRef W. Wojtkowski, Constant Frequency Operation of the Parallel Loaded Resonant DC/DC Converter for Power LED Lighting, International Conference on Energy, Power, Electrical and Environmental Engineering : EPEEE 2018, DEStech Publications, Wuhan, Hong Kong, September 27-28, 2018. CrossRef Pashiardis S, Kalogirou SA and Pelengaris A. Characteristics of Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) Through Statistical Analysis at Larnaca, Cyprus. SM J Biometrics Biostat. 2(2): 1009, 2017. DirectLink R. Inger, J. Bennie, T. W. Davies, K. J. Gaston, Potential Biological and Ecological Effects of Flickering Artificial Light, PLoS One, vol. 9(5) (2014) PMC4038456 CrossRef C. Dong, Y. Fu, G. Liu, H. Liu, "Growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity and biomass yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) exposed to LED light sources with different spectra combinations", J Agron Crop Sci, vol. 200, p. 219-230, 2014. CrossRef
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Taylor, James Stacey. "Satz and Semiotics." International Journal of Applied Philosophy 33, no. 2 (2019): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijap202033130.

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Jason Brennan and Peter M. Jaworski have recently developed an argument against semiotic objections to markets. They argue that all such semiotic arguments are unsound because they fail to recognize that the meaning of market transactions is a contingent socially-constructed fact. They attribute this type of argument to Debra Satz. This paper argues both that Brennan and Jaworski are mistaken to attribute this particular semiotic objection to Satz and that they are mistaken to attribute to her a semiotic objection of this type. It then argues that Brennan and Jaworski have fundamentally misunderstood the nature of Satz’s project. It concludes by defending Satz against Brennan and Jaworski’s charge that one of her criticisms of markets is based on an equivocation.
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Baird, Robert M. "Leon Jaworski." Social Philosophy Today 1 (1988): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/socphiltoday1988123.

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Krajewska, Anna. "Książki na biurko… nie na półkę…" Przestrzenie Teorii, no. 29 (January 31, 2019): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pt.2018.29.20.

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Reminiscences of Professor Stanisław Jaworski, who often joked that books could be divided into those that are to be read immediately, ‘books for the desk’, and those that can wait, ‘books for the shelf’. Following the death of this eminent scholar and superb editor, the author places all Professor’s Jaworski’s books back on her desk...
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Choma-Suwała, Anna. "Poezja Bohdana Ihora Antonycza w polskim przekładzie Kazimierza Andrzeja Jaworskiego." Acta Polono-Ruthenica 1, no. XXII (2017): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/apr.1222.

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The poetry of Bohdan Ihor Antonych (1909–1937), a Ukrainian writer born in Lemkivshchyna near Gorlice, attracted Kazimierz Andrzej Jaworski’s attention with its fairy-tale qualities, a feeling of unreality and idealization of the world. From three collections of poems, Welcome to Life (1931), Three Rings (1934) and Book of the Lion (1936), varying in terms of their subject matter, the translator from Lublin chose works which reveal youthful joy of life and optimism Lemkivshchyna endowed their author with. Jaworski devoted most attention to the poems from The Green Gospel collection (1938), reflecting the essence of Antonych’s poetry, in which nature becomes religion. Jaworski was inclined to select works which were close to his own poems, e.g. from The Tatras and I cycle and the collection On a Granite Mast (1920). In the Polish version of Antonych’s poems, the translator’s interference is clearly noticeable. Jaworski does not fully rely on the original; he often introduces certain transformations within lines or stanzas as well as additions and semantic equivalents which are far from the Ukrainian version. This could result from his personal observations on nature, which he admired. It could also be caused by the difficulties of translation ensuing from linguistic complexities, as Antonych had the remarkable ability to represent complex images in a few lines. He achieved it through an appropriate choice of words and metaphorical constructions, which often prove to be challenging for the translator. Kazimierz Andrzej Jaworski was one of the first Polish translators who faced this task. As early as in the 1930s, he familiarized Polish readers with a few poems of the Lemko poet who lived and wrote in the period when Polish-Ukrainian coexistence within the borders of one country was being shaped.
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Koredczuk, Józef. "Wileński okres w życiu Iwo Jaworskiego." Prawo 325 (December 31, 2018): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.325.9.

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The Vilnius period in Iwo Jaworski’s lifeThe Vilnius period in Iwo Jaworski’s life, from 1922 until 1939, was one of the most important periods in his life. It began when he became Chair of History of Law in Western Europe at the Stefan Batory University in 1922. It was also associated with the formation of the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences at the University. In 1927 Iwo Jaworski obtained his post-doctoral degree habilitation and in 1932 he was made professor. In his research he focused on political and legal questions connected with the French Revolution as well as legal questions concerning the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In addition to conducting research, he was also active in popularising science, and was an outstanding teacher, whose lectures and seminars were very popular among students. That he was trusted by those around him is evidenced by his participation in several collegiate bodies at the university and the fact that he supervised several student organisations. The Vilnius period was also extremely important in his private life. It was in Vilnius that he started a family and despite the fact that he moved several times, his home was a place of social gatherings of many of his friends including people who, like himself, found themselves in Wrocław after the war. Interludes in his life in Vilnius were provided by military training courses which he was called to attend. Die Vilniusser Zeit im Leben von Iwo JaworskiDie Vilniusser Zeit im Leben von Iwo Jaworski, also die Jahre 1922-1939, gehört zu den wichtigsten Perioden seines Lebens. Diese begann, als er im Jahre 1922 auf den Lehrstuhl für Geschichte des Rechts in Westeuropa an der Stefan-Batory-Universität berufen wurde. Sie war auch mit der Errichtung der Fakultät für Recht und Sozialwissenschaften an dieser Universität verbunden. In diesem Zeitraum, im Jahre 1927, habilitierte sich Iwo Jaworski und im Jahre 1932 erwarb er den Professorentitel. Den Schwerpunkt seines wissenschaftlichen Werkes bildeten die verfassungsrechtlichen Fragen bezogen auf die Französische Revolution und die rechtliche Problematik betreffend das Großfürstentum Litauen. Neben der Arbeit als Wissenschaftler beschäftigte sich Iwo Jaworski auch aktiv mit der Förderung der Wissenschaft. Er war dabei ein ausgezeichneter Didaktiker und seine Vorträge und Seminare erfreuten sich großer Beliebtheit bei den Studenten. Ein Zeichen des Vertrauens ihm gegenüber war seine Beteiligung an kollegialen Organen der Universität und sachliche Leitung einiger Studentenorganisationen. Die Zeit in Vilnius war auch für sein privates Leben wichtig. Dort hat Iwo Jaworski seine Familie gegründet und seine Wohnung, trotz einiger Umzüge, diente stets als ein Treffpunkt für viele mit ihm befreundete Personen darunter diejenige, die, ähnlich wie er, nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg nach Wrocław kamen. Die Vilniusser Zeit unterbrachen gelegentliche militärische Schulungen, die er zu absolvieren hatte.
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Gutman, Yonatan. "Mean dimension and Jaworski-type theorems." Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 111, no. 4 (2015): 831–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/plms/pdv043.

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Kowalczyk, Stanisław. "Nurt fenomenologiczno-egzystencjalny w polskiej współczesnej filozofii Boga." Vox Patrum 52, no. 1 (2008): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.8879.

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The main followers of phenomenological-existential trend in the field of philosophy of God in Poland are: Marian Jaworski, Józef Tischner and Karol Tarnowski. Jaworski united thomistic arguments for existence of God with augustian philosophy of subject and personal-axiological experience. Tischner completely rejected thomism and his philosophy of God based on anthropology and personal values. Tarnowski also was critical toward ontological-cosmological arguments for existence of God. He is fallower of G. Marcel and therefore accepted religious faith as basis of theism.
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Rosenthal, Yakov. "Medical Review." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 11, no. 11 (2020): 1483–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd11111483-1484.

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Sagoff, Mark. "Art and Authenticity: A Reply to Jaworski." Journal of Value Inquiry 48, no. 3 (2014): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10790-014-9428-y.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Jaworski"

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Jaworski, Stanislaus [Verfasser]. "Die Haftung von Kreditkartenunternehmen für Urheberrechtsverletzungen Dritter / Stanislaus Jaworski." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1106337948/34.

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Jaworski, Matthias [Verfasser], Henry [Akademischer Betreuer] Schulz, Henry [Gutachter] Schulz, and Lars [Gutachter] Brechtel. "Auswirkungen von Ausdauerbelastungen auf die biochemischen Marker Neuronenspezifische Enolase und S-100B / Matthias Jaworski ; Gutachter: Henry Schulz, Lars Brechtel ; Betreuer: Henry Schulz." Chemnitz : Technische Universität Chemnitz, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa2-760255.

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Peterson, Nicholas Richard. "On Random k-Out Graphs with Preferential Attachment." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1370527839.

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Thorell, Felicia. "−−− Paus. Det är paus. Det blir paus. : Om tystnadens kommunikativa funktion i två svenska teaterpjäser." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Discourse Studies, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1678.

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Den här uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka tystnadens kommunikativa funktion i två svenska teaterpjäser, Leka med elden av August Strindberg och En talande tystnad av Erland Josephson. I min metod använder jag mig av en anti-essentialistisk hållning och intresserar mig i första hand för tystnadens funktion.

Tystnaden analyseras utifrån tre ingångar: dess relevans, konceptualisering och distanserande/förenande funktion. Analysen visar skillnader pjäserna emellan vad gäller tystnadsindikationer i teatertexten. En talande tystnad regisserar oftare explicit pauserna medan tystnaden i Leka med elden endast är antydd i texten och får sin relevans i Holms regi. Metaforer som avslöjar tystnadens konceptualisering förekommer i En talande tystnad men inte alls i Leka med elden. Tystnaden konceptualiseras både som en aktivitet och som ett tillstånd. I En talande tystnad har tystnaden främst en distanserande funktion, i Leka med elden en förenande funktion i högre grad men denna visar också exempel på en distanserande funktion hos tystnaden.

Min slutsats är att tystnadens funktion sammantaget i Leka med elden är att skapa en form för scenisk effekt, det vill säga, att vara dramatiskt effektiv. I En talande tystnad är tystnaden tematisk och en del av pjäsens själva innehåll.

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McCloskey, Andrea. "Jaworski's Teaching Triad as a tool refinement and extensions to a teaching experiment setting /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3344769.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Curriculum and Instruction, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Oct. 6, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: A, page: 0507. Adviser: Frank K. Lester, Jr.
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Jaworek, Anna [Verfasser]. "Modulation of emotional episodic memory in humans. Evidence from event-related potential studies / Anna Jaworek." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1078456437/34.

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Jaworek, Witold [Verfasser]. "Analyse der Thermostabilität mitochondrialer Proteine anhand der Protein-Disaggregation durch Hsp78 in Bäckerhefe / Witold Jaworek." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1228978913/34.

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Jaworski, Simone [Verfasser]. "Dermatoskopie von Hauttumoren : Vergleich von vier Handdermatoskopen / vorgelegt von Simone Jaworski." 2007. http://d-nb.info/98717584X/34.

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Jaworski, Andreas [Verfasser]. "Sequenzierung von Peptaibol-Antibiotika mittels Flüssigkeitschromatographie-Elektrosprayionisierungs-Massenspektrometrie / vorgelegt von Andreas Jaworski." 1999. http://d-nb.info/958540284/34.

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Kaeding, Anne Marie [Verfasser]. "Veränderung in der Vestibularis-Funktion durch Cochlea-Implantation unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des präoperativen vestibulären Befundes / vorgelegt von Anne Marie Käding, geborene Jaworski." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1008755710/34.

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Books on the topic "Jaworski"

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Crooker, John H. Fulbright & Jaworski: 75 years, 1919-1994. Fulbright & Jaworski, 1994.

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Gest pięknoducha: Roman Jaworski i jego estetyka brzydoty. Wydawn. IBL PAN, 2003.

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Rybotycki, Jan. Księstwo Jaworskie i jego stolica, 1264-1392. Tow. Miłośników Jawora, 1987.

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Dobrowolski, Radosław. Opat supraski biskup Leon Ludwik Jaworowski. Collegium Suprasliense, 2003.

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Dobrowolski, Radoslaw. Opat supraski biskup Leon Ludwik Jaworowski. Stowarzyszenie Collegium Suprasliense, 2003.

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Kryczko, Michał. Jawornik Ruski - dylągowa 25-26 kwiecień 1944. Towarzystwo Przyjacół Nauk, 1992.

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Forum Ewangelickie (5th 1998 Wisła-Jawornik, Poland). V Forum Ewangelickie: Wisła-Jawornik, 4-6 IX 1998 : zbiór referatów i głosów w dyskusji. Nakładem Ewangelickiej Fundacji Edukacyjnej w Cieszynie, 1998.

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Forum, Ewangelickie (3rd 1996 Wisła-Jawornik Poland). III Forum Ewangelickie, Wisła-Jawornik 6-8 IX 1996: Zbiór refaratów i głosów w dyskusji. Nakł. Towarzystwa Ewangelickiego, 1996.

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Gest Pieknoducha: Roman Jaworski I Jego Estetyka Brzydoty. Instytut Badan Literackich, 2003.

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Jaworski, Katrina. Gender of Suicide: Knowledge Production, Theory and Suicidology. Katrina Jaworski. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Jaworski"

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"Introduction Adam Jaworski and Nikolas Coupland." In Discourse Reader. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203597071-4.

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Jaworski, Peter. "Privatization and the Ought/State Gap." In Privatization. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479842933.003.0005.

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This chapter argues that institutions have only instrumental value, and must be evaluated – empirically – by reference to their outcomes. Moreover, Jaworski suggests, the values of equality and fairness (for instance) that critics allege are intrinsic to state ownership are often realized as well, if not better, by privately owned enterprises; theoretical inquiries cannot prove that state-owned enterprises outperform their privately owned rivals on these dimensions.
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Borders, Aberdeen Leila, and Wesley J. Johnston. "eCRM in a Manufacturing Environment." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-553-5.ch170.

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This article examines the issue of electronic customer relationship management (eCRM) in a manufacturing context. eCRM has been described as the fusion of a process, a strategy, and technology to blend sales, marketing, and service information to identify, attract, and build partnerships with customers (Bettis-Outland & Johnston, 2003; Jaworski & Jocz, 2002). Although some customers still pay a premium for face-to-face or voice-to-voice interaction in today’s high-tech world, through external (e.g., advertising) and internal (e.g., word-of-mouth) influence, the diffusion of the use of eCRM to build and sustain customer loyalty as a firm’s strategy is on the rise.
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Coan, Andrew. "Can the President Be Charged with a Crime?" In Prosecuting the President. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190943868.003.0007.

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What if a sitting president accepted illegal foreign campaign donations or sought to obstruct an ongoing federal investigation? Could he be charged with a crime? The conventional wisdom is no, but the Constitution is silent on this question, no court has ever decided it, and there are respectable arguments on both sides. This chapter recounts these arguments and the intense debates they provoked among the young lawyers working for past special prosecutors. Ultimately, both Leon Jaworski and Ken Starr chose not to indict the president. Future prosecutors are likely to follow the same course. This does not mean that special prosecutors are powerless to hold the president accountable for violating the law. But if they are to do so, the American people have a central—and daunting—role to play. Once again, the last, best hope for the rule of law is not judges or lawyers but democratic politics.
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Ibrahim, Bashir, and Usman Ambu Muhammad. "The most Powerful Thing You’d Say Is Nothing at all: The Power of Silence in Conversation." In Types of Nonverbal Communication [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97821.

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After a long period of neglect, silence is currently receiving an increased amount of attention in the literature of sociolinguistics and pragmatics. Since the publication of Tannen and Saville-Troike and Jaworski, many international conferences, books, monographs, articles, PhD theses and book chapters continue to emerge. Many of those publications recognized silence as a powerful tool of communication; and that it is not peripheral to speech because any form of analysis that is applied to speech could also be applied to the analysis of silence. Silence has been broadly classified as communicative and non-communicative, and it serves both positive and negative functions. As silence performs two opposite functions, its interpretation depends on some factors such as the socio-cultural background of the actors involved in the use and the interpretation of the silence act, and the context of its use. This chapter starts with an introduction which covers review of related literature, and then proceeds with the classification of silence. It continues with discussing some functions of silence, and then talks about interpretation of silence in social contexts. Finally, the chapter examines some instances of the power of silence in conversation.
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Damaskopoulos, Panagiotis, and Rimantas Gatautis. "Developing Virtual Communities in Transition Economies." In Global Information Technologies. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-939-7.ch156.

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This article explores key sets of drivers of formation of virtual communities in transition economies with particular reference to recent developments in Lithuania. Information and communication technologies (ICT) centered on the Internet are today widely recognized as one of the driving forces in the transition toward a new economic system. This transition has been especially challenging for European transition economies that are in the midst of a historic restructuring in anticipation of entry into the European Union. These countries are confronting a historic challenge of converging to the economic, technological, and organizational practices and standards of their EU counterparts. ICT applications in the form of e-business provide a unique opportunity for companies in these economies to accelerate learning processes for the facilitation of the adoption and implementation of competitive and sustainable e-business strategies. A key challenge in this respect is how to construct sustainable virtual communities that bridge civil society and organizations of the public sector in ways that support the transition toward an ICT-enabled economic system. The central thesis of this article is that virtual communities are a central component of an emerging economic system that is powered by ICT, is knowledge driven, is organized around electronic and organizational networks that generate knowledge, which transform industries and markets, and is dependent on dynamic and flexible regulatory public institutions. For ICT to diffuse throughout the whole economy in a way that supports virtual community formation, business firms, market conditions, and the culture and institutions of society need to undergo substantial change in a coordinated manner. It is the dynamic interdependence of these conditions that is the source of innovation and value creation in the new knowledge-driven economy. The agenda of research on the dynamics of adoption of new economy practices, innovation, and economic growth, as a result, needs to be expanded beyond the level of the firm. It needs to be built around the dynamic interrelationships between technological transformations, firms’ organizational and knowledge-creating capabilities, emerging market and industry structures, and public institutions (Castells, 2000). The article situates drivers of virtual community formation and the necessity of coordinating their development on three levels: the level of ICT infrastructure, regulatory environment, and market or civic attitudes toward ICT-enabled market transactions. On each of these levels the observations made are conditioned by the definitional parameters of “virtual community.” For the purposes of this article, a virtual community is understood as a set of interwoven relationships built upon shared interests, which satisfies members’ needs otherwise unattainable individually (Rafi, Fisher, Jaworski, & Cahill, 2002). It must be stressed that a virtual community thus defined refers not only to consumers but also businesses and organizational entities of the public sector.
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