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1
Balfanz, Henry B., and Brittany Verran. "Alma Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram: Home Of BUDDY, The Four Legged Greeter." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 11, no. 1 (January 13, 2015): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v11i1.9052.
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This is a case about a couple who met in college, eventually reconnected and married years later, and returned to the general area of where they met to own and operate a small town Michigan car dealership. Both have much experience in the automotive sales industry. The automobile business is evolving and deciding which promotional mix elements will work best for them is the challenge. As they are busy operating the dealership day to day, it is not always easy to find the time to plan strategy for the future. The dealership is far from reaching its sales potential; attaining the proper number of car sales each month is the goal. The Malloys believe that that is the key to the overall success of the dealership. Decisions need to be made, training needs to be implemented, and getting the team to pull together will contribute to attaining that goal.
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Heydinger, G. J., M. K. Salaani, W. R. Garrott, and P. A. Grygier. "Vehicle dynamics modelling for the National Advanced Driving Simulator." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407021529138.
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This paper provides an overview of the development of a vehicle dynamics simulation model for use on the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA's) National Advanced Driving Simulator. The paper describes fundamental aspects of models used to represent rigid body chassis and suspension systems, powertrain, tyres, brakes, steering and aerodynamics. Representative data from laboratory measurements, instrumented field tests and simulation runs of a 1997 Jeep Cherokee Sport are presented to illustrate simulation development and validation efforts. A companion paper to this one also uses Jeep Cherokee data. Both papers highlight current capabilities and methodologies employed by two organizations that have worked, often collaboratively, to advance the state of the art of vehicle dynamics modelling and simulation validation. This paper features work done by NHTSA's Vehicle Research and Test Center; the companion paper reports on work done by Systems Technology, Incorporated (STI).
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Watkins, Evan. ""For the Time being, Forever": Social Position and the Art of Automobile Maintenance." boundary 2 18, no. 2 (1991): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/303283.
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Terranova, Charissa N. "Mobile Perception and the Automotive Prosthetic." Transfers 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2011.010105.
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This essay focuses on a body of photoconceptual works from the 1960s and 1970s in which the automobile functions as a prosthetic-like aperture through which to view the world in motion. I argue that the logic of the “automotive prosthetic“ in works by Paul McCarthy, Dennis Hopper, Ed Ruscha, Jeff Wall, John Baldessari, Richard Prince, Martha Rosler, Robert Smithson, Ed Kienholz, Julian Opie, and Cory Arcangel reveals a techno-genetic understanding of conceptual art, functioning in addition and alternatively to semiotics and various philosophies of language usually associated with conceptual art. These artworks show how the automobile, movement on roads and highways, and the automotive landscape of urban sprawl have transformed the human sensorium. I surmise that the car has become a prosthetic of the human body and is a technological force in the maieusis of the posthuman subject. I offer a reading of specific works of photoconceptual art based on experience, perception, and a posthumanist subjectivity in contrast to solely understanding them according to semiotics and linguistics.
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Cao, WenQuan, Chang Wang, CunYu Wang, Jie Shi, MaoQiu Wang, Han Dong, and YuQing Weng. "Microstructures and mechanical properties of the third generation automobile steels fabricated by ART-annealing." Science China Technological Sciences 55, no. 7 (April 30, 2012): 1814–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-012-4877-7.
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Kim, Jung hyun, Monica Young-Shin Chun, Duong Thi Hong Nhung, and Jeonghwan Lee. "The Transition of Samsung Electronics through Its M&A with Harman International." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 5, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030051.
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The automobile industry is experiencing unprecedented change. Despite its century-old history based mostly in the art of mechanics, increased development of technology and heightened awareness of environmental issues has pushed traditional automobile manufacturers to completely re-examine their strategies. It has also newly invited nontraditional players such as electronic and IT tycoons namely, Samsung, Google, and Apple into the game. The advent of electric cars with cutting edge technology requires active participation and collaboration from diverse industries requiring cross-over joint ventures and M&As. In this light, the recent acquisition of Harman Incorporated for eight billion dollars by Samsung Electronics in 2016 is a significant event that signals great change. As the electronics tycoon expands its boundaries preparing to become an important player in the automobile industry, this study examines how Samsung increases and integrates its knowledge base and innovation capability through the M&A deal with Harman in attempts to enhance its competitiveness in the rapidly evolving automotive market.
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Chen, Changyong, Zhouhua Jiang, Yang Li, Meng Sun, Qi Wang, Kui Chen, and Huabing Li. "State of the Art in the Control of Inclusions in Spring Steel for Automobile - a Review." ISIJ International 60, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2019-513.
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Viaene, Stijn, Richard A. Derrig, Bart Baesens, and Guido Dedene. "A Comparison of State-of-the-Art Classification Techniques for Expert Automobile Insurance Claim Fraud Detection." Journal of Risk & Insurance 69, no. 3 (September 2002): 373–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1539-6975.00023.
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Choi, Daeho, Tae-Wook Kim, and Jong-Chan Kim. "AUTOSAR Runnable Periods Optimization for DAG-Based Complex Automobile Applications." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 23, 2020): 5829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175829.
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When developing an automobile control application, its scheduling parameters as well as the control algorithm itself should be carefully optimized to achieve the best control performance from given computing resources. Moreover, since the wide acceptance of the AUTOSAR standard, where finer-granular scheduling entities (called runnables) rather than the traditional real-time tasks are used, the number of scheduling parameters to be optimized is far greater than the traditional task-based control systems. Hence, due to the vast problem space, it is not feasible to reuse existing time-consuming search-based optimization methods. With this motivation, this paper presents an analytical codesign method for deciding runnable periods that minimize given control cost functions. Our solution approach, based on the Lagrange multiplier method, can find optimized runnable periods in polynomial times due to its analytical nature. Moreover, our evaluation results for synthesized applications with varying complexities show that our method performs significantly better (12% to 59% of control cost reductions) than a state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this study is one of the first attempts to find runnable periods that maximize a given system’s control performance.
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Davis, R. G. "The Politics, Packaging, and Potential of Performance Art." New Theatre Quarterly 4, no. 13 (February 1988): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00002554.
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Is the ‘Performance art’ whose influence is pervasive in today's American theatre truly in the ‘tradition’ of the avant-garde – or merely modish? In an age where fashions, whether in theatre, clothing. or motor cars. are manufactured to facilitate the turnover necessary for mass-produced obsolescence, does ‘imagist’ theatre serve as a force for social change – or merely titillate palates as jaded by yesterday's art as by yesterday's styles? R. G. Davis looks at the ways in which visually- oriented forms of theatre have been constructed and received in America since the ‘happenings’ of the early ‘sixties – and at the changing political climate since that time, which has itself modified the impact of any artistic statement. He asks whether the progressive theatre worker should in today's reactionary climate regard such forms as suspect, or look for ways of harnessing them to the creation of a ‘dialectical view of pleasure’ through the multi-faceted potential of epic theatre. R. G. Davis, who was founding director of the San Francisco Mime Troupe in the 'sixties, is a leading director of Brecht and, more recently, of Dario Fo in the United States, and is currently directing his adaptation of llya Ehrenburg'sLife of the Automobile as an imagistc theatre piece. He has been a regular contributor to TQ and NTQ.
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Lin, Y., and W. J. Zhang. "Integrated design of function, usability, and aesthetics for automobile interiors: State of the art, challenges, and solutions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 220, no. 8 (December 2006): 697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09596518jsce231.
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Park, Sangjun, Jung-beom Lee, and Chungwon Lee. "State-of-the-art automobile emissions models and applications in North America and Europe for sustainable transportation." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 3 (March 12, 2016): 1053–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-016-1682-z.
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Nasir, Mostofa Kamal, Rafidah Md Noor, M. A. Kalam, and B. M. Masum. "Reduction of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Pollutant Using Intelligent Transport Systems." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/836375.
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Greenhouse gas emitted by the transport sector around the world is a serious issue of concern. To minimize such emission the automobile engineers have been working relentlessly. Researchers have been trying hard to switch fossil fuel to alternative fuels and attempting to various driving strategies to make traffic flow smooth and to reduce traffic congestion and emission of greenhouse gas. Automobile emits a massive amount of pollutants such as Carbon Monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Intelligent transport system (ITS) technologies can be implemented to lower pollutant emissions and reduction of fuel consumption. This paper investigates the ITS techniques and technologies for the reduction of fuel consumption and minimization of the exhaust pollutant. It highlights the environmental impact of the ITS application to provide the state-of-art green solution. A case study also advocates that ITS technology reduces fuel consumption and exhaust pollutant in the urban environment.
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Spelt, Philip F., Allan M. Kirson, and Susan Scott. "New Vehicle Data Bus Architecture and In-Vehicle Information System Evaluation Platform for Intelligent Transportation Systems Modules." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1651, no. 1 (January 1998): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1651-03.
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An increasing number of intelligent transportation systems- (ITS-) after-market systems present a set of in-vehicle installation and use problems relatively unique in the history of automobile use. Many automobile manufacturers would like to offer these new state-of-the-art devices to customers, but are hampered by the current design cycle of new cars. While automobile manufacturers are indeed using multiplex buses [the automotive equivalent of a computer local area network (LAN)], problems remain because manufacturers are not converging on a single bus standard. A new dual-bus architecture to address these problems is presented with an in-vehicle information system (IVIS) research platform on which the principles embodied in the ITS data bus architecture can be evaluated. The dual-bus architecture has been embodied in a proposed Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standard, with support from both automobile and consumer electronics manufacturers. The architecture and a reference model for the interfaces and protocols of the new bus are presented and described. The goals of the ITS data bus are to be inexpensive and easy to install, and to provide for safe and secure functioning. These high-level goals are embodied in the proposed standard. The IVIS development platform comprises a number of personal computers (PCs) linked via ethernet LAN, with a high-end PC serving as the IVIS computer. In this LAN, actual devices can be inserted in place of the original PC that emulated them. This platform will serve as the development and test bed for an ITS data bus conformity test, the SAE standard for which is also being developed.
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Czekalski, Stanisław, and Alicja Weikop. "The Internationale of Automobile Salons and the Hagiography of Revolution. Mieczysław Szczuka at the Crossroads of New Art." Art in Translation 4, no. 2 (June 2012): 211–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175613112x13309377913124.
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Nazlin HA and Siti Zawiah MD. "EFFECT OF AUDITORY DISTRACTION ON HAND AND FOOT REACTION TIME AMONG AGEING MALAYSIAN AUTOMOBILE DRIVERS." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 20, Special1 (August 1, 2020): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.special1/art.675.
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The involvement of ageing drivers in traffic accidents were reported but little cited on the severity of auditory driving distractions. Driving distraction contributes to increases in reaction time which can lead to safety traffic risks. Thus, in this study, hand and foot reaction times were measured in response to different distractions within the identical simulated driving route. The task varies in a controlled setting where soundless distractions were present, Comfortable Loudness Level (CLL), Uncomfortable Loudness Level (ULL) auditory distractions, and phone call distraction. Participants were among 40 Malaysian driving license holders consists of 57.5% males and 42.5% females with age mean, (M=51.83, SD=14.058). Results indicated that both hand and foot reaction time were shortest for CLL and longest during phone call. Ageing male scored shortest hand reaction time of 1.15s during CLL distraction. For foot reaction time, ageing male scores shortest of 0.92s for both CLL and no distractions. Pearson’s coefficient of correlation shows r>0.5. The results indicated hand reaction time was affected by foot reaction time (r=0.665), was significantly more for foot when compared with hand, could be because of difference in nerve conduction velocity and movement time of the hand when compared with that of foot.
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Carriazo Rabadán, Daniel. "Advanced digital signal processing methods for effective noise cancellation of vehicle related signals. State of the Art." Revista Doctorado UMH 3, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/doctumh.v3i1.1374.
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The current trend of vehicle technology’s evolution points towards a further automation of the automobile. The information that such a vehicle processes and handles becomes therefore more important from the performance but also from the safety point of view. The main target of this research is to improve the reliability, accuracy and timing of the information measured by mass produced sensors, whether the sensors are set up in single or array configuration. The scope of the considered sensors covers those related to the automotive sector, both current and potential ones. It is planned to achieve the main target by 1) actively reducing the noise to increase the SNR of the sensor measurements and/or by 2) using advanced processing methods that remove/minimize the delay they introduce in the processing system.
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Fisher, Taylor M., Kathleen Blair Farley, Yabiao Gao, Hua Bai, and Zion Tsz Ho Tse. "Electric vehicle wireless charging technology: a state-of-the-art review of magnetic coupling systems." Wireless Power Transfer 1, no. 2 (September 2014): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wpt.2014.8.
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Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more popular due to concerns about the environment and rising gasoline prices. However, the charging infrastructure is lacking, and most people can only charge their EVs at home if they remember to plug in their cars. Using the principles of magnetic inductance and magnetic resonance, wireless charging (WC) could help significantly with these infrastructure problems by making charging secure and convenient. WC systems also have the potential to provide dynamic charging, making long road trips with EVs feasible and eliminating range anxiety. In this paper, we review the companies available in the literature that have developed electric vehicle wireless charging systems, automobile manufacturers interested in such technology, and research from universities and laboratories on the topic. While the field is still very young, there are many promising technologies available today. Some systems have already been in use for years, recharging public transit buses at bus stops. Safety and regulations are also discussed.
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Gumyusenge, Aristide, and Jianguo Mei. "High Temperature Organic Electronics." MRS Advances 5, no. 10 (2020): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.31.
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ABSTRACTThe emerging breakthroughs in space exploration, smart textiles, and novel automobile designs have increased technological demand for high temperature electronics. In this snapshot review we first discuss the fundamental challenges in achieving electronic operation at elevated temperatures, briefly review current efforts in finding materials that can sustain extreme heat, and then highlight the emergence of organic semiconductors as a new class of materials with potential for high temperature electronics applications. Through an overview of the state-of-the art materials designs and processing methods, we will layout molecular design principles and fabrication strategies towards achieving thermally stable operation in organic electronics.
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Chabert, A., and A. Picard. "Câbles à base de fibres pour la précontrainte." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-007.
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Successful use of high performance composite materials was first made in the aircraft industry and, to a lesser extent, in the automobile industry. The use of these materials in civil engineering is now a reality, particularly for prestressing applications. This state-of-the-art paper deals with composite materials used for cables. It describes the composition of fiber prestressing cables and presents their mechanical properties. The anchorages, the advantages and disadvantages of these cables, their field of applications, and three successful applications in structural engineering are also discussed. Key words: composite materials, prestressing, fiber cables, concrete.
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Ahamed, Raju, Seung-Bok Choi, and Md Meftahul Ferdaus. "A state of art on magneto-rheological materials and their potential applications." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 10 (February 14, 2018): 2051–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18754350.
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Smart materials are kinds of designed materials whose properties are controllable with the application of external stimuli such as the magnetic field, electric field, stress, and heat. Smart materials whose rheological properties are controlled by externally applied magnetic field are known as magneto-rheological materials. Magneto-rheological materials actively used for engineering applications include fluids, foams, grease, elastomers, and plastomers. In the last two decades, magneto-rheological materials have gained great attention of researchers significantly because of their salient controllable properties and potential applications to various fields such as automotive industry, civil environment, and military sector. This article offers a recent progressive review on the magneto-rheological materials technology, especially focusing on numerous application devices and systems utilizing magneto-rheological materials. Conceivable limitations, challenges, and comparable advantages of applying these magneto-rheological materials in various sectors are analyzed critically, which provides a clear pathway to the researchers in selecting and utilizing these materials. The review starts with an introduction to the elementary description of magneto-rheological materials and their significant contribution in various fields. Following this, different types of the magneto-rheological materials, modeling of the magneto-rheological materials, magneto-rheological material–based devices, and their applications have been extensively reviewed to promote practical use of magneto-rheological materials in a wide spectrum of the application from the automobile to medical device.
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Swapna, D., Ch, Srinivasa Rao, and S. Radhika. "A Review on Deep Drawing Process." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 6 (June 29, 2018): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i6.260.
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Deep Drawing (DD) process is the one in which a punch forces a flat sheet metal blank into a die cavity. DD can also be described as the process which involves conversion of flat thin sheet metal blanks into parts of desired shape. Little work is available in the applications of DD processes at elevated temperatures which is going to be a very important manufacturing application in the coming decades. Deep Drawing (DD) is one of the sheet metal forming processes widely used in automobile, aerospace, electronics and allied industries to produce the hollow parts. The improvement in the deep drawing manufacturing process with latest methodologies leads to developments in the automobile and other sheet metal industries. Still today, this process of analysis and design is an art than science. Presently, the conventional deep drawing (CDD) operation is carried out at room temperature in industries. Although the deep drawing process of high strength / low formability metals has an extensive industrial application area, deep drawing at room temperature has serious difficulties because of the large amount of deformations revealed and high flow stresses of the materials. The present paper gives an overview of deep drawing process, its classification along with advantages, limitations and applications.
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An, Bai Feng, Gu Hui Gao, Xiao Lu Gui, Zhun Li Tan, and Bing Zhe Bai. "Enhanced Mechanical Properties of a 0.22C-Mn-Si-Cr Low Alloyed Steel Treated by ART and Q&P Processes." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.203.
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There is a currently desirable demand for high strength steels with good ductility reduce the weight of steel parts for automobile and train applications. Retained austenite in steels can improve the toughness and plasticity. The austenite reverse transformation + quenching and partitioning (ART + Q&P) process was treated on a 0.2C-Mn-Si-Cr low alloyed steel, a multiphase microstructure composed of intercritical ferrite (IF), martensite, bainite and retained austenite (RA) can be obtained in the low carbon steel. Microstructures of the steel treated by different heat treatments were characterized by SEM and XRD. Results show that the formation of RA in low alloy steel depends on the following: (1) the enrichment of the carbon and manganese in the reversed austenite during the ART step; (2) the secondary enrichment of carbon in retained austenite during the following Q&P step. High fraction of RA (14vol.%) was obtained through the two-step element enrichment treatment (ART + Q&P). Due to continuous TRIP effect of RA during the deformation, a good combination of strength and plasticity was achieved in our works: the product of strength and elongation is greater than 35 GPa•%, the tensile strength is more than 1230 MPa, the yield strength greater than 890 MPa, the total elongation is about 28.6%.
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Elfasakhany, Ashraf. "State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines." Energies 14, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030779.
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Biofuels are receiving increased scientific attention, and recently different biofuels have been proposed for spark ignition engines. This paper presents the state of art of using biofuels in spark ignition engines (SIE). Different biofuels, mainly ethanol, methanol, i-butanol-n-butanol, and acetone, are blended together in single dual issues and evaluated as renewables for SIE. The biofuels were compared with each other as well as with the fossil fuel in SIE. Future biofuels for SIE are highlighted. A proposed method to reduce automobile emissions and reformulate the emissions into new fuels is presented and discussed. The benefits and weaknesses of using biofuels in SIE are summarized. The study established that ethanol has several benefits as a biofuel for SIE; it enhanced engine performance and decreased pollutant emissions significantly; however, ethanol showed some drawbacks, which cause problems in cold starting conditions and, additionally, the engine may suffer from a vapor lock situation. Methanol also showed improvements in engine emissions/performance similarly to ethanol, but it is poisonous biofuel and it has some sort of incompatibility with engine materials/systems; its being miscible with water is another disadvantage. The lowest engine performance was displayed by n-butanol and i-butanol biofuels, and they also showed the greatest amount of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and CO emissions, but the lowest greenhouse effect. Ethanol and methanol introduced the highest engine performance, but they also showed the greatest CO2 emissions. Acetone introduced a moderate engine performance and the best/lowest CO and UHC emissions. Single biofuel blends are also compared with dual ones, and the results showed the benefits of the dual ones. The study concluded that the next generation of biofuels is expected to be dual blended biofuels. Different dual biofuel blends are also compared with each other, and the results showed that the ethanol–methanol (EM) biofuel is superior in comparison with n-butanol–i-butanol (niB) and i-butanol–ethanol (iBE).
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Board, Editorial. "International Conference on Sustainable Development in Design & Manufacturing." Global Journal of Enterprise Information System 8, no. 1 (August 9, 2016): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2016/7528.
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Saraswati College of Engineering is a leading Engineering Institute, established in the year 2004 by Hon. Prithviraj Deshmukh and Smt. Vrushali Deshmukh. The college is approved by AICTE, New Delhi and affiliated to University of Mumbai, India. The college campus is beautifully landscaped in a lush green stretch of land spread across Kharghar Hills, SCOE offers UG Engineering Courses in Civil, Mechanical, Electronics & Telecommunication, Computer, Automobile and Information Technology. SCOE also offers PG courses in Civil, Mechanical, Electronics & Telecommunication and Computer Engineering. SCOE is established with a purpose of imparting state of art technical education to aspiring engineers of 21st Century. Efforts are taken by enhancing the employability & skills of students to bridge gap between Industry & Institute.
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Bauer, John T. "Navigating Without Road Maps: The Early Business of Automobile Route Guide Publishing in the United States." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-7-2018.
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In the United States, automobile route guides were important precursors to the road maps that Americans are familiar with today. Listing turn-by-turn directions between cities, they helped drivers navigate unmarked, local roads. This paper examines the early business of route guide publishing through the Official Automobile Blue Book series of guides. It focuses specifically on the expansion, contraction, and eventual decline of the Blue Book publishing empire and also the work of professional “pathfinders” that formed the company’s data-gathering infrastructure. Be- ginning in 1901 with only one volume, the series steadily grew until 1920, when thirteen volumes were required to record thousands of routes throughout the country. Bankruptcy and corporate restructuring in 1921 forced the publishers to condense the guide into a four-volume set in 1922. Competition from emerging sheet maps, along with the nationwide standardization of highway numbers, pushed a switch to an atlas format in 1926. Blue Books, however, could not remain competitive and disappeared after 1937. “Pathfinders” were employed by the publishers and equipped with reliable automobiles. Soon they developed a shorthand notation system for recording field notes and efficiently incorporating them into the development workflow. Although pathfinders did not call themselves cartographers, they were geographical data field collectors and considered their work to be an “art and a science,” much the same as modern-day cartographers. The paper concludes with some comments about the place of route guides in the history of American commercial cartography and draws some parallels between “pathfinders” and the digital road mappers of today.
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Wang, Qi Feng. "Green Manufacturing-Oriented Digital System and Operation Technologies for Manufacturing Enterprises." Applied Mechanics and Materials 20-23 (January 2010): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.20-23.40.
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Green manufacturing (GM) is a sustainable manufacturing mode which comprehensive considers the environmental impact and resource consumption. Based on the analysis of state-of-the-art of digital technologies application in GM, this paper provides a green manufacturing-oriented digital system framework from the integration point of GM and digital manufacturing. The green manufacturing-oriented digital system framework is consists of five components which include the basic database for green manufacturing, software supporting layer for green manufacturing oriented digital system, digital system layer for green manufacturing, enterprise integration framework and product lifecycle based operation process layer. Furthermore, some key operation technologies for green manufacturing-oriented digital system is studied, which include product lifecycle based green design technology, and semantic framework model based information integration technology. Finally, the system is applied in an automobile manufacturing enterprise and achieves well application effects.
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Reddy, P. Venkateshwar, B. Veerabhadra Reddy, and P. Janaki Ramulu. "Evolution of Hydroforming Technologies and Its Applications — A Review." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 19, no. 04 (December 2020): 737–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686720500341.
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Advanced forming technologies have been evolving at a rapid pace with the products applicability in the industrial fields of aerospace and automobile especially for the materials like aluminum and titanium alloys (light weight) and ultra-high strength steels. Innovative forming methods like hydroforming (tube and sheet) have been proposed for industries throughout the world. The ever-increasing needs of the automotive industry have made hydroforming technology an impetus one for the development and innovations. In this paper, the review on various developments towards lightweight materials for different applications is presented. The influencing process parameters considering the different characteristics of the tube and sheet hydroforming process have also been presented. General ideas and mechanical improvements in sheet and tube hydroforming are given late innovative work exercises. This review will help researchers and industrialists about the history, state of the art in hydroforming technologies of the lightweight materials.
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Харламова, Алена, Alena Kharlamova, Юлия Белик, and Yuliya Belik. "Features of signs of the crime object provided by article 166 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2019, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2019-2-192-198.
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The article is devoted to the problematic theoretical and practical issues of the content of the signs of the object of the crimes under Art. 166 of the Criminal Code. The authors determined the main direct object, revealed the essence of the right of ownership, use and disposal. Marked social relations that can act as an optional direct object. Particular attention is paid in the article to the subject of the crime. Attempts have been made to establish criteria that are crucial for the recognition of any vehicle as the subject of theft. The content of the terms “automobile” and “other vehicle” is disclosed. The analysis of the conformity of the literal interpretation of the criminal law to the interpretation of the law enforcer is carried out. It is summarized that the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation narrows the meaning of the term “other vehicle”, including in it only vehicles for the management of which, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, is granted a special right. The authors provide a list of such vehicles and formulate a conclusion on the advisability of specifying them as the subject of a crime. The narration of the article is accompanied by examples of decisions of courts of various instances in cases of crimes under Art. 166 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
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Bozdal, Mehmet, Mohammad Samie, Sohaib Aslam, and Ian Jennions. "Evaluation of CAN Bus Security Challenges." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 21, 2020): 2364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082364.
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The automobile industry no longer relies on pure mechanical systems; instead, it benefits from many smart features based on advanced embedded electronics. Although the rise in electronics and connectivity has improved comfort, functionality, and safe driving, it has also created new attack surfaces to penetrate the in-vehicle communication network, which was initially designed as a close loop system. For such applications, the Controller Area Network (CAN) is the most-widely used communication protocol, which still suffers from various security issues because of the lack of encryption and authentication. As a result, any malicious/hijacked node can cause catastrophic accidents and financial loss. This paper analyses the CAN bus comprehensively to provide an outlook on security concerns. It also presents the security vulnerabilities of the CAN and a state-of-the-art attack surface with cases of implemented attack scenarios and goes through different solutions that assist in attack prevention, mainly based on an intrusion detection system (IDS).
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Park, Min Ki, Kyu Je Lim, Myoung Kook Seo, Soon Jong Jung, and Kwan H. Lee. "Spatial augmented reality for product appearance design evaluation." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 2, no. 1 (December 6, 2014): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2014.11.004.
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Abstract Augmented reality based on projection, called “Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR)”, is a new technology that can produce immersive contents by overlapping virtuality and real-world environment. It has been paid attention as the next generation digital contents in media art and human–computer interaction (HCI). In this paper, we present a new methodology to evaluate the product appearance design more intuitively by means of SAR technique. The proposed method first projects the high-quality rendered image considering the optical property of materials onto the mock-up of a product. We also conduct a projector-camera calibration to compensate a color distortion according to a projector, a projection surface and environment lighting. The design evaluation methodology we propose offers more flexible and intuitive evaluation environment to a designer and user (evaluator) than previous methods that are performed via a digital display. At the end of this research, we have conducted a case study for designing and evaluating appearance design of an automobile.
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Pawelec, Kazimierz J. "The unpredictability of behaviour in traffic. Some reflections." Issues of Forensic Science 288 (2015): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2015.288.6.
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A traffic accident is an unpredictable event, although it may be committed as a result of non-compliance with safety rules, i.e. the general standard specified in Art. 177 & 1 of the Penal Code, or the detailed rules set out in the Law on Road Traffic. Its important cause can also be absolutely unpredictable, deviating from the model behaviour of participants of traffic. They can mislead on another, which from a formal point of view is chargeable, for example, not yielding priority, cutting off traffic, failure to comply with particular caution when approaching the designated crossing points or other dangerous places. Rating non-model, misleading behaviour, repeatedly escapes the attention of law enforcement or the courts. A large part in this is also shared by expert witnesses in traffic and automobile technology, who in their opinions carry out legal assessments, especially the opportunities and obligations. This is an issue strictly dogmatic, not belonging to their competence.
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Zhang, Jun, ZhongCheng Wu, Fang Li, Chengjun Xie, Tingting Ren, Jie Chen, and Liu Liu. "A Deep Learning Framework for Driving Behavior Identification on In-Vehicle CAN-BUS Sensor Data." Sensors 19, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061356.
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Human driving behaviors are personalized and unique, and the automobile fingerprint of drivers could be helpful to automatically identify different driving behaviors and further be applied in fields such as auto-theft systems. Current research suggests that in-vehicle Controller Area Network-BUS (CAN-BUS) data can be used as an effective representation of driving behavior for recognizing different drivers. However, it is difficult to capture complex temporal features of driving behaviors in traditional methods. This paper proposes an end-to-end deep learning framework by fusing convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks with an attention mechanism, which is more suitable for time series CAN-BUS sensor data. The proposed method can automatically learn features of driving behaviors and model temporal features without professional knowledge in features modeling. Moreover, the method can capture salient structure features of high-dimensional sensor data and explore the correlations among multi-sensor data for rich feature representations of driving behaviors. Experimental results show that the proposed framework performs well in the real world driving behavior identification task, outperforming the state-of-the-art methods.
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Kausar, A. "Advances in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyamide-Based Composite Materials." Advances in Materials Science 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adms-2019-0023.
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AbstractCarbon fiber has been used to reinforce both aliphatic and aromatic polyamides. Aliphatic polyamide is known as nylon and aromatic polyamide is often referred to as aramid. Among aliphatic polyamides, polyamide 6, polyamide 6,6, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, and polyamide 1010 have been used as matrices for carbon fiber. Factors affecting the properties of polyamide/carbon fiber composites are: fiber amount, fiber length, fiber orientation, matrix viscosity, matrix-fiber interactions, matrix-fiber adhesion, and conditions encountered during manufacturing processes. This article presents a state-of-the-art review on polyamide/carbon fiber composites. Polyamide/carbon fiber composites are lightweight and exhibit high strength, modulus, fatigue resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, gear, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, chemical inertness, and thermal stability. Incorporation of oxidized or modified carbon fiber and nanoparticle modified carbon fiber into polyamide matrices have been found to further enhance their physical properties. Applications of polyamide/carbon fiber composites in aerospace, automobile, construction, and other industries have been stated in this review. To fully exploit potential of polyamide/carbon fiber composites, concentrated future attempts are needed in this field.
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Holden, Susan. "Nicolas Schöffer’s SCAM: An Aesthetic Perturbation in the Urban Field." Leonardo 52, no. 1 (February 2019): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01702.
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In 1973 cybernetic artist Nicolas Schöffer drove his SCAM through the streets of Paris, passing by the Arc de Triomphe and the Eiffel Tower, creating a curious urban spectacle and highlighting the confrontation between different concepts of urban monumentality that had been at stake in post-World War II European society. Part sculpture, part automobile, the SCAM utilized the cybernetic technique of feedback and Schöffer’s application of it in the aesthetic concept of perturbation, in which light, sound and movement effects were orchestrated to interrupt the increasingly rapid cycles of perceptual saturation that Schöffer associated with modern urban life. The following analysis considers Schöffer’s SCAM in relation to the development of the “space-time” concept in the arts and how the technology of cybernetics suggested a new kind of temporality that complicated the role of art and architecture in defining the urban realm. It also considers the appearance of the SCAM idea in Schöffer’s entry to the Plateau Beaubourg architectural competition and its significance as a counterpoint to the “new monumentality” of the completed Centre Pompidou.
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Gude, Maik, Florian Lenz, Andreas Gruhl, Bernhard Witschel, Andreas Ulbricht, and Werner Hufenbach. "Design and automated manufacturing of profiled composite driveshafts." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 22, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2014-0048.
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AbstractThe high specific strength and stiffness characteristics of composite materials such as carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) allow a significant weight reduction of the structural machine components such as automobile driveshafts. But high material cost and rather low productivity of the established manufacturing processes (e.g., filament winding) often inhibit the use of CFRP components in a high-volume car series. In this paper, a novel composite driveshaft system based on a profiled CFRP tube is presented. This system is designed to be produced by a continuous pultrusion process to achieve a significant reduction of the manufacturing costs. A cost assessment study was conducted to quantify the benefit of the developed continuous manufacturing process. In comparison with the state-of-the-art filament winding process, a cost reduction of 36% for the composite shaft body can be obtained. Moreover, the proposed fiber layup processes – braiding and continuous winding – offer the potential to manipulate the reinforcement architecture to maximize material utilization without reducing the manufacturing efficiency. This potential is investigated and validated by experimental tests. A difference in the load bearing capacity of more than 100% between different reinforcing architectures is shown.
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Gibson, Tom. "Short Road to Next Ride." Mechanical Engineering 137, no. 02 (February 1, 2015): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2015-feb-2.
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This article discusses about the Virginia Smart Road that is frequently used by automobile researchers to test new ideas and concepts. The Virginia Smart Road is a unique, state-of-the-art, closed test-bed research facility managed by the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute and owned and maintained by the Virginia Department of Transportation. Over two-dozen major non-proprietary research projects use the Smart Road for testing in a given year. Participating organizations include heavy hitters such as car manufacturers, the Department of Transportation, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and the Federal Highway Administration’s Research and Innovative Technology Administration. The Smart Road features two paved lanes and three bridges, one of which ranks, at 175 feet, as the tallest state-maintained bridge in Virginia. It also has a signalized intersection; in-pavement sensors for moisture, temperature, strain, vibration, and weighing in motion; a lighting test bed; and the half-mile-long weather-making section. Some other features include an on-site data acquisition system, a high-bandwidth fiber network, a differential global positioning system base station, and traffic signal phase and timing using remote controls.
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Kozhukharov, Stephan V., Vassil I. Samichkov, Christian A. Girginov, and Maria S. Machkova. "Actual trends in the elaboration of advanced multifunctional coating systems for the efficient protection of lightweight aircraft alloys." Corrosion Reviews 35, no. 6 (December 20, 2017): 383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2017-0026.
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AbstractOne of the pillars of developed economics is modern transport, where there is always a high demand for the elaboration of lightweight efficient vehicles and transport facilities. Aluminum and magnesium alloys encounter continuously increasing applications in high-performance aircraft, automobile, and marine vehicles. Various advanced multilayered corrosion protective coating systems have recently been proposed to provide a reliable long-term corrosion protection combined with a number of supplemental beneficial properties. The present brief review is an attempt to summarize the basic trends and concepts regarding the elaboration of environmentally friendly multilayered and multifunctional corrosion protective coating systems. Our work summarizes these recent trends, including recently accepted environmental requirements. We have also distinguished the concepts for active and passive corrosion protection capabilities. The basic approach for the achievement of efficient active corrosion protection properties are outlined with suitable examples, such as inhibitor incorporation into ceramic or carbon nanoparticles, encapsulation of active self-healing compounds, reinforcing phase involvement and coating, finished by ultraviolet absorbers and hydrophobic compounds. As a main result, an entire conceptual model has been proposed based on the state-of-the-art analysis.
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Volkov, Sergei, and Judy M. Vance. "Effectiveness of Haptic Sensation for the Evaluation of Virtual Prototypes." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 1, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1384566.
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Virtual reality techniques provide a unique new way to interact with three-dimensional digital objects. Virtual prototyping refers to the use of virtual reality to obtain evaluations of designs while they are still in digital form before physical prototypes are built. While the state-of-the-art in virtual reality relies mainly on the use of stereo viewing and auditory feedback, commercial haptic devices have recently become available that can be integrated into the virtual environment to provide force feedback to the user. This paper outlines a study that was performed to determine whether the addition of force feedback to the virtual prototyping task improved the ability of the participants to make design decisions. Seventy-six people participated in the study. The specific task involved comparing the location and movement of two virtual parking brakes located in the virtual cockpit of an automobile. The results indicate that the addition of force feedback to the virtual environment did not increase the accuracy of the participants’ answers, but it did allow them to complete the task in a shorter time. This paper describes the purpose, methods, and results of the study.
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Friedrich, Jacek. "Modernist Architecture in Illustrative Art for Children and Teenagers in the People’s Republic of Poland." Ikonotheka 28 (August 6, 2019): 199–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3379.
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Books and periodicals for children and teenagers constituted an important instrument of education and also social persuasion in the People’s Republic of Poland. In such publications, illustrations played a crucial role. Printed in several dozen or even several hundred thousand copies, such publications circulated among great numbers of young readers, therefore becoming a very effective medium for disseminating certain desired views. There can be no doubt that the messages directed at the youth largely reflected the opinions held by the adult section of the society: the authors and the people ordering and authorising the publication. The numerous topics presented in a form suitable for young readers included architecture. The nature of architecture-related themes was varied indeed; at times architecture (historical or contemporary) appeared in the foreground, but most often depictions of buildings served only as a visual backdrop for the narrated story. However, even presented in the background, the forms of architecture chosen by illustrators were not received indifferently by the readers, since they conveyed a certain model imagery of houses, flats, housing estates, or entire cities. Since such images were published by the thousand, a thorough analysis of the issue would not fit the spatial constraints of a single article. The aim of the text is, therefore, restricted to identifying the possibility for expanding the source material for studies on architectural culture; it focuses on a single theme, namely the methods in which publications for children and young readers issued in communist Poland presented, and often even propagated, modernist architecture. Due to the choice of the subject matter, the article mainly concentrates on the period of the post-Stalinist Thaw when modern forms gained a true monopoly in Polish architecture. The tendencies observable in architectural theory and practice at the time were reflected with considerable fidelity in publications for young audiences. Popular images included the vision of a modern metropolis with heavy pedestrian and automobile traffic, full of high-rise buildings, lit by lamps and neon lights after dark. Depictions of modernist housing estates with blocks of flats, as well as modern schools or playgrounds were equally common. The message conveyed by such imagery may easily be summarised by the title of one of the children’s rhymes analysed above, namely Nasz dom [Our home]. Both the texts and the visual depictions of the day constructed a vision in which modernist architecture became the natural habitat of contemporary people. The present article describes numerous depictions which corroborate such an interpretation of the phenomenon under analysis.
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Jena, Sudarsana, and Ankur Gupta. "Review on pressure sensors: a perspective from mechanical to micro-electro-mechanical systems." Sensor Review 41, no. 3 (July 28, 2021): 320–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-03-2021-0106.
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Purpose Considering its vast utility in industries, this paper aims to present a detailed review on fundamentals, classification and progresses in pressure sensors, along with its wide area of applications, its design aspects and challenges, to provide state-of-the-art gist to the researchers of the similar domain at one place. Design/methodology/approach Swiftly emerging research prospects in the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) enable to build complex and sophisticated micro-structures on a substrate containing moving masses, cantilevers, flexures, levers, linkages, dampers, gears, detectors, actuators and many more on a single chip. One of the MEMS initial products that emerged into the micro-system technology is MEMS pressure sensor. Because of their high performance, low cost and compact in size, these sensors are extensively being adopted in numerous applications, namely, aerospace, automobile and bio-medical domain, etc. These application requirements drive and impose tremendous conditions on sensor design to overcome the tedious design and fabrication procedure before its reality. MEMS-based pressure sensors enable a wide range of pressure measurement as per the application requirements. Findings The paper provides a detailed review on fundamentals, classification and progresses in pressure sensors, along with its wide area of applications, its design aspects and challenges, to provide state of the art gist to the researchers of the similar domain at one place. Originality/value The present paper discusses the basics of MEMS pressure sensors, their working principles, different design aspects, classification, type of sensing diaphragm used and illustration of various transduction mechanisms. Moreover, this paper presents a comprehensive review on present trend of research on MEMS-based pressure sensors, its applications and the research gap observed till date along with the scope for future work, which has not been discussed in earlier reviews.
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Khooban, Mohammad Hassan. "Hardware-in-the-loop simulation for the analyzing of smart speed control in highly nonlinear hybrid electric vehicle." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 2 (April 23, 2018): 458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331218764784.
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Owing to the severe limitations imposed by the Intergovernmental panel on climate change and the rapid development of the automobile industry, the utilize of energy storage units in vehicle systems has been increasingly attracting attention. Hence, this study proposes a new fuzzy Proportional Derivative + Integral (PD+I) controller based on a non-integer system for the robust speed control of highly nonlinear hybrid electric vehicles. In order to have an optimal and adaptive controller, the controller coefficients are tuned online by a novel optimization algorithm, which is called Adaptive Black Hole. In addition, the performance and robustness of the proposed method are tested by the experimental data, the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP - US06). In order to prove the superiority and effectiveness of the suggested novel smart controller, a valid comparison is conducted between the results of the proposed method and recent studies on the same topic like the Model Predictive Control and the conventional online fuzzy PD+I (OFPD+I) controllers. Finally, extensive studies and hardware-in-the-loop simulations are presented to prove that the proposed controller can track a desired reference signal with lower deviation and show that the performance of suggested method is more robust in comparison with the prior-art controllers for all the case studies.
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Shah, Raj, Vikram Mittal, Eliana Matsil, and Andreas Rosenkranz. "Magnesium-ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current trends and future perspectives." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 3 (March 2021): 168781402110033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211003398.
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Lithium-ion batteries have enabled electric vehicles to achieve a foothold in the automobile market. Due to an increasing environmental consciousness, electric vehicles are expected to take a larger portion of the market, with the ultimate goal of supplanting traditional vehicles. However, the involved costs, sustainability, and technical limitations of lithium-ion batteries do create substantial obstacles to this goal. Therefore, this article aims at presenting magnesium-ion batteries as a potential replacement for lithium-ion batteries. Though still under development, magnesium-ion batteries show promise in achieving similar volumetric and specific capacities to lithium-ion batteries. Additionally, magnesium is substantially more abundant than lithium, allowing for the batteries to be cheaper and more sustainable. Numerous technical challenges related to cathode and electrolyte selection are yet to be solved for magnesium-ion batteries. This paper discusses the current state-of-the-art of magnesium-ion batteries with a particular emphasis on the material selection. Although, current research indicates that sulfur-based cathodes coupled with a (HMDS)2Mg-based electrolyte shows substantial promise, other options could allow for a better performing battery. This paper addresses the challenges (materials and costs) and benefits associated with developing these batteries. When overcoming these challenges, magnesium-ion batteries are posed to be a groundbreaking technology potentially revolutionizing the vehicle industry.
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BIELACZYC, Piotr, Andrzej SZCZOTKA, Piotr PAJDOWSKI, and Joseph WOODBURN. "Development of vehicle exhaust emission testing methods – BOSMAL’s new emission testing laboratory." Combustion Engines 144, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117117.
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Legislation regarding the reduction of harmful exhaust emissions, greenhouse gases and fuel consumption is one of the strongest drivers of development in automobile design. Emissions standards in the European Union (EU), USA and Japan determine not only maximum permissible emissions factors, but also emissions testing methods and laboratory design. BOSMAL has risen to meet these challenges by investing in a new, state-of-the-art emissions testing laboratory, housed within a climate chamber. This paper presents BOSMAL’s new M1/N1 vehicular emissions and fuel consumption laboratory in a climatic chamber for the testing of vehicles in accordance with the Euro 5 & 6 and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) & California Air Resources Board (CARB) standards. The specifications, capabilities and design features of the sampling and analysis and climate simulation systems are presented and discussed in relation to the increasing drive for cleaner light duty road vehicles. A recently-installed particle number counting system is described in the context of European Union legislation on the emission of particle matter from CI and SI vehicles. The laboratory permits BOSMAL’s engineers to compete in the international automotive arena in the development and construction of new, more ecologically friendly and increasingly fuel efficient vehicles.
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Trzepieciński, Tomasz, Valentin Oleksik, Tomaž Pepelnjak, Sherwan Mohammed Najm, Imre Paniti, and Kuntal Maji. "Emerging Trends in Single Point Incremental Sheet Forming of Lightweight Metals." Metals 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11081188.
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Lightweight materials, such as titanium alloys, magnesium alloys, and aluminium alloys, are characterised by unusual combinations of high strength, corrosion resistance, and low weight. However, some of the grades of these alloys exhibit poor formability at room temperature, which limits their application in sheet metal-forming processes. Lightweight materials are used extensively in the automobile and aerospace industries, leading to increasing demands for advanced forming technologies. This article presents a brief overview of state-of-the-art methods of incremental sheet forming (ISF) for lightweight materials with a special emphasis on the research published in 2015–2021. First, a review of the incremental forming method is provided. Next, the effect of the process conditions (i.e., forming tool, forming path, forming parameters) on the surface finish of drawpieces, geometric accuracy, and process formability of the sheet metals in conventional ISF and thermally-assisted ISF variants are considered. Special attention is given to a review of the effects of contact conditions between the tool and sheet metal on material deformation. The previous publications related to emerging incremental forming technologies, i.e., laser-assisted ISF, water jet ISF, electrically-assisted ISF and ultrasonic-assisted ISF, are also reviewed. The paper seeks to guide and inspire researchers by identifying the current development trends of the valuable contributions made in the field of SPIF of lightweight metallic materials.
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Chaturvedi, Mukti, Elena Scutelnicu, Carmen Catalina Rusu, Luigi Renato Mistodie, Danut Mihailescu, and Arungalai Vendan Subbiah. "Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing: Review on Recent Findings and Challenges in Industrial Applications and Materials Characterization." Metals 11, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11060939.
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Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a fusion manufacturing process in which the heat energy of an electric arc is employed for melting the electrodes and depositing material layers for wall formation or for simultaneously cladding two materials in order to form a composite structure. This directed energy deposition-arc (DED-arc) method is advantageous and efficient as it produces large parts with structural integrity due to the high deposition rates, reduced wastage of raw material, and low consumption of energy in comparison with the conventional joining processes and other additive manufacturing technologies. These features have resulted in a constant and continuous increase in interest in this modern manufacturing technique which demands further studies to promote new industrial applications. The high demand for WAAM in aerospace, automobile, nuclear, moulds, and dies industries demonstrates compatibility and reflects comprehensiveness. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the evolution, development, and state of the art of WAAM for non-ferrous materials. Key research observations and inferences from the literature reports regarding the WAAM applications, methods employed, process parameter control, optimization and process limitations, as well as mechanical and metallurgical behavior of materials have been analyzed and synthetically discussed in this paper. Information concerning constraints and enhancements of the wire arc additive manufacturing processes to be considered in terms of wider industrial applicability is also presented in the last part of this paper.
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Chakraborty, Sourav, and Kuldeep S. Meel. "On Testing of Uniform Samplers." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 7777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33017777.
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Recent years have seen an unprecedented adoption of artificial intelligence in a wide variety of applications ranging from medical diagnosis, automobile industry, security to aircraft collision avoidance. Probabilistic reasoning is a key component of such modern artificial intelligence systems. Sampling techniques form the core of the state of the art probabilistic reasoning systems.
The divide between the existence of sampling techniques that have strong theoretical guarantees but fail to scale and scalable techniques with weak or no theoretical guarantees mirrors the gap in software engineering between poor scalability of classical program synthesis techniques and billions of programs that are routinely used by practitioners. One bridge connecting the two extremes in the context of software engineering has been program testing. In contrast to testing for deterministic programs, where one trace is sufficient to prove the existence of a bug, in case of samplers one sample is typically not sufficient to prove non-conformity of the sampler to the desired distribution. This makes one wonder whether it is possible to design testing methodology to test whether a sampler under test generates samples close to a given distribution.
The primary contribution of this paper is an affirmative answer to the above question when the given distribution is a uniform distribution: We design, to the best of our knowledge, the first algorithmic framework, Barbarik, to test whether the distribution generated is ε−close or η−far from the uniform distribution. In contrast to the sampling techniques that require an exponential or sub-exponential number of samples for sampler whose support can be represented by n bits, Barbarik requires only O(1/(η−ε)4) samples. We present a prototype implementation of Barbarik and use it to test three state of the art uniform samplers over the support defined by combinatorial constraints. Barbarik can provide a certificate of uniformity to one sampler and demonstrate nonuniformity for the other two samplers.
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Datta, Tapan K., David Feber, Kerrie Schattler, and Sue Datta. "Effective Safety Improvements Through Low-Cost Treatments." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1734, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1734-01.
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A vast majority of traffic crashes in urban areas occur at signalized intersections. Roadway geometry, traffic control, adjacent land uses, and environmental factors at intersections often contribute to the high incidence of traffic crashes and injuries. A public-private partnership project to identify high-crash and high-risk locations in the city of Detroit was initiated in 1996. Eighteen candidate sites were selected, and an extensive engineering study was conducted to develop countermeasures to help alleviate the traffic crash problem at the selected sites. The Automobile Association of America, Michigan, was the private partner in this joint venture and, in partnership with the city of Detroit, was a major contributor to covering the cost of improvements. The selection of countermeasures was based on state-of-the-art methodology and analysis, and implementation of the selected countermeasures at some of the sites was undertaken as the initial phase of the project. A comprehensive before-and-after evaluation study was performed at three of the improved sites. The study revealed that the safety improvements that were implemented lowered both crash and severity experience. The differences between the before and after crash frequencies proved to be statistically significant. Additionally, a benefit-cost analysis at the study locations indicated extraordinary results. This research presents the evaluation study results and discusses the countermeasures and improvements that were the most successful in mitigating traffic crash problems at the selected study locations.
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Thakker, Urmish, Igor Fedorov, Chu Zhou, Dibakar Gope, Matthew Mattina, Ganesh Dasika, and Jesse Beu. "Compressing RNNs to Kilobyte Budget for IoT Devices Using Kronecker Products." ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems 17, no. 4 (July 8, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3440016.
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Micro-controllers (MCUs) make up most of the processors in the world with widespread applicability from automobile to medical devices. The Internet of Things promises to enable these resource-constrained MCUs with machine learning algorithms to provide always-on intelligence. Many Internet of Things applications consume time-series data that are naturally suitable for recurrent neural networks (RNNs) like LSTMs and GRUs. However, RNNs can be large and difficult to deploy on these devices, as they have few kilobytes of memory. As a result, there is a need for compression techniques that can significantly compress RNNs without negatively impacting task accuracy. This article introduces a method to compress RNNs for resource-constrained environments using the Kronecker product (KP). KPs can compress RNN layers by 16× to 38× with minimal accuracy loss. By quantizing the resulting models to 8 bits, we further push the compression factor to 50×. We compare KP with other state-of-the-art compression techniques across seven benchmarks spanning five different applications and show that KP can beat the task accuracy achieved by other techniques by a large margin while simultaneously improving the inference runtime. Sometimes the KP compression mechanism can introduce an accuracy loss. We develop a hybrid KP approach to mitigate this. Our hybrid KP algorithm provides fine-grained control over the compression ratio, enabling us to regain accuracy lost during compression by adding a small number of model parameters.
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Ranade, Eeshan. "Electronic Control System for Steer by Wire." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 4161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35968.
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Automobile industry’s focus is on efficiency, safety and performance has resulted in the rapid introduction of electronics in vehicle safety systems and engine management. Mechanical and Hydraulic systems are now gradually being replaced by electronic controllers to achieve the objectives of optimizing power consumption, improving driver convenience, and maximizing driver safety resulting in an overall improved performance and experience. Vehicle steering systems have transitioned from mechanical to hydraulic power to an electric power assisted steering system and now to the state of the art, Steer by Wire (SbW) system. Traditional mechanical systems included a steering wheel, column, gear, rack and pinion and did not support any power steering. The next generation hydraulic systems were more stable, safer and required comparatively lesser effort. Electric or DC motors drove the Electric Power System addressing the drawbacks of the hydraulic systems especially those related to environment and acoustics with the added advantage of a compact structure and power-on-demand engine performance. By-wire steering technologies was originally introduced in the Concord aircraft in 1970s. The SbW is a steering system with no steering column. The mechanical interface between the steering wheel and the wheels is replaced with by-wire electrical connection/electronic actuators. SbW system has significant advantages in terms of driving safety due to the availability of the steering command in electronic form and the removal of the steering shaft, cruising comfort with driving manoeuvring due to no space constraint and favourable to the environment with the non-usage of hydraulic oils.