Journal articles on the topic 'Jeff smith'

Este artigo discute o uso da música popular como um dos instrumentos que, ao acionar referentes que permeiam o cotidiano de forma direta, colabora com a representação da “realidade” em produtos audiovisuais que se inscrevem no campo da ficção. Como suporte a esta abordagem, o estudo destaca aqui o uso específico do rap no filme O Invasor (2001), de Beto Brant. Entre os autores utilizados para subsidiar nossa análise estão Anahid Kassabian e Jeff Smith.

It is the end of the world — that button has been pushed. Most of the world's population have managed to escape to another planet. The remaining ten people are about to board the last space flight to safety. Due to a mistake in the calculations there is now only space on the space ship for seven people. You have to select which three will remain behind and face certain death. The ten people are Paul Keating, John Hewson, Madonna, the Queen, Jeff Kennett, Pat Cash, Bronwyn Bishop, Princess Diana, Mary Smith and an unmarried mother. Spend a couple of minutes deciding whom you would leave off the space ship.

CanTel was one of the fastest growing Canadian telecommunications companies that provided telephone, cable, Internet, and cloud services. In 2015, the company employed over 40,000 employees and boasted of achieving over Cdn$10 billion of annual revenue and serving over 10 million customers. As a cloud service provider, the company faced a dilemma of not being able to fulfill the IT needs of its internal business units. As a result, one of the business units, Digital Channel, resorted to a third-party cloud service, and this set an example for other business units to follow suit. Jeff Smith, the CEO of the company CanTel, and the CIO Jane Lockhart had to find a solution to the issue that had significant implications to its business-IT alignment and IT governance.

Consistent with balance theory, it was predicted that a balance is reached when the self and the ingroup are perceived in a similar way, leading participants to more rapid judgments and fewer errors judging the self and the ingroup. The goal of this study was to replicate and extend the results obtained by Smith and Henry (1996) who concluded that ingroup attributes become part of the self-image, thus facilitating the accessibility of self-information. In the present study, we included a condition measuring reaction times for ingroup ratings (as opposed to self-ratings) and found that both ingroup and self-ratings were facilitated when the self- and the ingroup descriptions matched. Therefore it is proposed that a common self-ingroup representation facilitates the access to both the self and the ingroup.

Create Dangerously: The Immigrant Artist at Work, by Edwidge Danticat (reviewed by Colin Dayan) Gordon K. Lewis on Race, Class and Ideology in the Caribbean, edited by Anthony P. Maingot (reviewed by Bridget Brereton) Freedom and Constraint in Caribbean Migration and Diaspora, edited by Elizabeth Thomas-Hope (reviewed by Mary Chamberlain) Black Europe and the African Diaspora, edited by Darlene Clark Hine, Trica Danielle Keaton & Stephen Small (reviewed by Gert Oostindie) Caribbean Middlebrow: Leisure Culture and the Middle Class, by Belinda E dmondson (reviewed by Karla Slocum) Global Change and Caribbean Vulnerability: Environment, Economy and Society at Risk, edited by Duncan McGregor, David Dodman & David Barker (reviewed by Bonham C. Richardson) Encountering Revolution: Haiti and the Making of the Early Republic, by Ashli White (reviewed by Matt Clavin) Red and Black in Haiti: Radicalism, Conflict, and Political Change, 1934-1957, by Matthew J. Smith (reviewed by Robert Fatton Jr.) Cuba in the American Imagination: Metaphor and the Imperial Ethos, by Louis A. Pérez Jr. (reviewed by Camillia Cowling) Seeds of Insurrection: Domination and Resistance on Western Cuban Plantations, 1808-1848, by Manuel Barcia (reviewed by Matt D. Childs) Epidemic Invasions: Yellow Fever and the Limits of Cuban Independence, 1878-1930, by Mariola Espinosa (reviewed by Cruz Maria Nazario) The Cuban Connection: Drug Trafficking, Smuggling, and Gambling in Cuba from the 1920s to the Revolution, by Eduardo Sáenz Rovner (reviewed by IvelawLloyd Griffith) Before Fidel: The Cuba I Remember, by Francisco José Moreno, and The Boys from Dolores: Fidel Castro’s Schoolmates from Revolution to Exile, by Patrick Symmes (reviewed by Pedro Pérez Sarduy) Lam, by Jacques Leenhardt & Jean-Louis Paudrat (reviewed by Sally Price) Healing Dramas: Divination and Magic in Modern Puerto Rico, by Raquel Romberg (reviewed by Grant Jewell Rich) Puerto Rican Citizen: History and Political Identity in Twentieth-Century New York City, by Lorrin Thomas (reviewed by Jorge Duany) Livestock, Sugar and Slavery: Contested Terrain in Colonial Jamaica, by Verene A. Shepherd (reviewed by Justin Roberts) Daddy Sharpe: A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Samuel Sharpe, a West Indian Slave Written by Himself, 1832, by Fred W. Kennedy (reviewed by Gad Heuman) Becoming Rasta: Origins of Rastafari Identity in Jamaica, by Charles Price (reviewed by Jahlani A. Niaah) Reggaeton, edited by Raquel Z. Rivera, Wayne Marshall & Deborah Pacini Hernandez (reviewed by Alexandrine Boudreault-Fournier) Carriacou String Band Serenade: Performing Identity in the Eastern Caribbean, by Rebecca S. Miller (reviewed by Nanette de Jong) Caribbean Visionary: A.R.F. Webber and the Making of the Guyanese Nation, by Selwyn R. Cudjoe (reviewed by Clem Seecharan) Guyana Diaries: Women’s Lives Across Difference, by Kimberely D. Nettles (reviewed by D. Alissa Trotz) Writers of the Caribbean Diaspora: Shifting Homelands, Travelling Identities, edited by Jasbir Jain & Supriya Agarwal (reviewed by Joy Mahabir) Queen of the Virgins: Pageantry and Black Womanhood in the Caribbean, by M. Cynthia Oliver (reviewed by Tami Navarro) Notions of Identity, Diaspora, and Gender in Caribbean Women’s Writing, by Brinda Mehta (reviewed by Marie-Hélène Laforest) Authority and Authorship in V.S. Naipaul, by Imraan Coovadia (reviewed by A shley Tellis) Typo/Topo/Poéthique sur Frankétienne, by Jean Jonassaint (reviewed by Martin Munro) Creoles in Education: An Appraisal of Current Programs and Projects, edited by Bettina Migge, Isabelle Léglise & Angela Bartens (reviewed by Jeff Siegel) Material Culture in Anglo-America: Regional Identity and Urbanity in the Tidewater, Lowcountry, and Caribbean, edited by David S. Shields (reviewed by Susan Kern) Tibes: People, Power, and Ritual at the Center of the Cosmos, edited by L. Antonio Curet & Lisa M. Stringer (reviewed by Frederick H. Smith)

Por muchos años se ha debatido la legitimidad de una conmovedora alocución conservacionista atribuida al Jefe Seattle, la cual data de 1854. Sin embargo, fue escrita en 1970 para la serie televisiva Home por el guionista Ted Perry, inspirado en un discurso de dicho líder indígena, que fue reconstruido y publicado por Henry A. Smith en 1887. Para despejar cualquier duda acerca del contenido exacto y la paternidad de tan polémico texto, aquí se incluyen las versiones de Smith y Perry —traducidas al español por una misma persona, para evitar cualquier sesgo—, y se les ubica en el contexto histórico en que aparecieron.

AbstractThe role of English at European universities outside English-speaking countries has recently been so dynamic and complex as to merit elaborate acronyms and frameworks of comparison to capture the actual diversity involved in each case of using English, for example in what Dafouz and Smit (Dafouz, Emma and Ute Smit. 2014. Towards a dynamic conceptual framework for English-medium education in multilingual university settings.Applied Linguistics37[3]: 397–415) subsume under English-medium education in the international university. This contribution, however, looks at ELFFRA, English as a lingua franca in academic settings at the bi- and multilingual University of Fribourg, Switzerland. When English first became officially acknowledged as an additional academic language in 2005, being preceded by a period of “unruly” emergence, it was often the marked case, even in and for its local disciplinary speech events. Its current use at UFR as the default in some English-medium study programmes is by no means uniform or monolingual either. Meanwhile in the promotion of bilingualism in French and German, English is mostly “included” – reminiscent of the semiotics of the 2005 nonce coinage of “bi(tri)lingualism.” This contribution will revisit ideas about the “edulect” role of ELFFRA (Schaller-Schwaner, Iris. 2017.The many faces of English at Switzerland’s Bilingual University: English as an academic lingua franca at the institutionally bilingual University of Freiburg/Fribourg – a contextual analysis of its agentive use. Vienna: University of Vienna doctoral thesis) but look for it in unusual and under-researched places where it is indeed “included” viz. in beginners’ university language courses teaching the local languages French and German. First explorations will be shared and discussed with a view to what this might mean for ELF(A) and edulect.

Background:Gout is a painful inflammatory arthritis caused by persistently elevated serum uric acid (sUA) levels. Pegloticase, an infused recombinant PEGylated uricase, rapidly lowers sUA levels by converting uric acid to allantoin, a water-soluble molecule that is readily excreted by the kidneys. In the phase 3 clinical trials, 42% of patients1dosed with pegloticase every two weeks maintained sUA levels below 6.0 mg/dL during months 3 and 6 of pegloticase treatment. The loss of pegloticase efficacy has been attributed to the development of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs)1-3and these ADAs have been associated with infusion reactions (IRs).1,2Case reports4and prospective case series5, 6indicate that methotrexate (MTX) may allow patients to attain more complete therapeutic benefits, presumably through attenuation of pegloticase immunogenicity. The current study prospectively examines the efficacy and safety of MTX-pegloticase co-therapy in patients with uncontrolled gout.Objectives:To assess efficacy and safety of concomitant pegloticase and MTX therapy in patients with uncontrolled gout.Methods:Adult patients with uncontrolled gout who were beginning pegloticase therapy were considered for enrollment in this ongoing multicenter, open-label, efficacy and safety study of pegloticase with MTX co-treatment (NCT03635957). Patients were administered oral MTX (15 mg/week) and folate (1 mg/day) 4 weeks prior to the first pegloticase infusion (Day 1) and throughout the pegloticase treatment period. Blood was drawn prior to each infusion to measure sUA level, monitor clinical parameters, and examine for ADA development. All patients followed typical IR prophylaxis protocols (fexofenadine one day before and the morning of each infusion and acetaminophen and IV corticosteroid the morning of each infusion). Patients also received gout flare prophylaxis with either NSAIDs, colchicine or prednisone initiated at least 1 week prior to Day 1. The primary study outcome was the proportion of responders, defined as sUA <6 mg/dL for at least 80% of the time during month 6 (weeks 20, 22, and 24). All analyses were performed on a modified intent-to-treat population, defined as patients who received ≥1 pegloticase infusion.Results:A total of 17 patients were screened and 14 patients (all men, average age: 49.3 ± 8.7 years) were enrolled. On Day 1, mean sUA was 9.2 ± 2.5 mg/dL and 12 of the 14 patients had visible tophi. At the 6 months timepoint, 11/14 (78.6%, 95%CI 49.2-95.3%) met the responder definition, with 3 patients discontinuing after meeting stopping rules (pre-infusion sUA values greater than 6 mg/dL at 2 consecutive scheduled visits). All patients tolerated MTX. One serious AE of bacterial sepsis occurred (resolved). AEs that occurred in >1 patient during the co-treatment period were: diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infection in 3 patients each, sinusitis, muscle strain, and hypertension in 2 patients each. Gout flares occurred in 12/14 (85.7%) patients. No new safety concerns were identified.Conclusion:An increased proportion of patients maintained therapeutic response at 6 months when treated concomitantly with MTX and pegloticase (78.6%) when compared to the previously reported 42% using pegloticase alone.1These results support and reflect the improved response rates demonstrated in two prior case series.5,6A definitive randomized double-blinded trial evaluating pegloticase with MTX vs. pegloticase with placebo is ongoing.References:[1]Sundy JS et al.JAMA2011;306:711-20.[2]Baraf HS et al.J Clin Rheumatol2014;20:427-32.[3]Lipsky PE et al.Arthritis Res Ther2014;16:R60.[4]Bessen SY et al.Semin Arthritis Rheum2019;49:56-61.[5]Botson J, Peterson J.Ann Rheum Dis2019;78:A1289.[6]Albert JA et al.Arthritis & Rheumatology2019;71(S10):A1236.Disclosure of Interests: :John Botson Grant/research support from: Horizon Therapeutics (PI and study site), Radius Health (study site), Consultant of: Horizon Therapeutics, Speakers bureau: Celgene, Eli Lilly, Horizon Therapeutics, Mallinckrodt, Novartis, Pfizer, Paul M. Peloso Shareholder of: Horizon Therapeutics, Employee of: Horizon Therapeutics, Katie Obermeyer Shareholder of: Horizon Therapeutics, Employee of: Horizon Therapeutics, Brian LaMoreaux Shareholder of: Horizon Therapeutics, Employee of: Horizon Therapeutics, Michael E. Weinblatt Grant/research support from: BMS, Amgen, Lilly, Crescendo and Sonofi-Regeneron, Consultant of: Horizon Therapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Amgen, Abbvie, Crescendo, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, Gilead, Jeff Peterson Grant/research support from: Abbvie, UCB, Smith Klein, Horizon Therapeutics, Consultant of: Lilly, Norvartis, Horizon Therapeutics, Speakers bureau: Lilly, Novartis, Horizon Therapeutics, Abbvie, Genentech

Background: Ibrutinib, a small molecule inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) is approved for use in a variety of lymphomas. Priced at $130,000/year, Ibrutinib imposes a significant financial burden on patients and society[1]. The study serving as the basis for the currently approved dose [2] demonstrated &gt;95% BTK receptor occupancy at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg. Data suggests that lower doses of Ibrutinib are equally effective[3] and dose reductions[4, 5] do not compromise outcome. Objective: To evaluate patient outcomes and cost savings with clinically indicated low dose (LD) of Ibrutinib in a community practice in hematological malignancies. Method: All patients treated with standard and LD Ibrutinib between January 2014 and July 2020 were identified. Reason for dose modification and best responses were abstracted. Patients with inadequate follow up or less than a week of treatment were excluded from the analysis. Responses were defined based on the iwCLL response criteria for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), Lugano criteria for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and International Working Group on Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (WM), as applicable. To calculate drug cost at lower doses of Ibrutinib, cumulative number of patient-months on different dose levels of ibrutinib was calculated by adding the number of months each patient had remained at the dose level at the time of data cut-off. Drug cost at LD was calculated by multiplying monthly wholesale acquisition price for different dose levels of ibrutinib by the cumulative number of patient-months at that dose level. Cost differential between actual drug cost and projected drug cost at full dose was calculated. Results: 98 patients were identified. 10 were excluded from the analysis based on drug not started (3), inadequate follow-up (3), other (4). Median length of follow up for all patients was 20 months (4-70 months) and on LD Ibrutinib 12.5 months (1-60 months). 10 and 12 patients received 140 mg and 280 mg of Ibrutinib respectively due to side effects. 61 patients had CLL, 9 WM, 15 mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and 2 marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). Response rates were similar across diagnoses and dose levels (TABLE 1 and FIGURE 1). Progressive disease (PD) at low dose was seen in 2 CLL patients with complex cytogenetics, deletion 17p and extensive prior therapy. The one WM patient with PD had been extensively pretreated. Cumulative patient-months at the 140 mg and 280 mg dose levels of Ibrutinib was 177 and 123 months respectively. Drug cost for the 140 mg and 280 mg Ibrutinib cohorts were $712,276 and $989,943 respectively, for a total cost of $1,702,219. Potential drug cost for the 420 or 560 mg dose of Ibrutinib for the same duration of therapy was $3,621,828. Cumulative cost avoidance on LD Ibrutinib was $1,919, 608. Conclusions: Clinically indicated low dose Ibrutinib was equally effective and produced significant cost savings. References: 1. Qiushi Chen, N.J., Turgay Ayer, William G. Wierda, Christopher R. Flowers, Susan M. O'Brien, Michael J. Keating, Hagop M. Kantarjian, and Jagpreet Chhatwal, Economic Burden of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in the Era of Oral Targeted Therapies in the United States. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2017: p. 166-174. 2. Ranjana H. Advani, J.J.B., Jeff P. Sharman , Sonali M. Smith , Thomas E. Boyd , Barbara GrantKathryn S. Kolibaba , Richard R. Furman , Sara Rodriguez , Betty Y. Chang , Juthamas Sukbuntherng , Raquel Izumi , Ahmed Hamdy , Eric Hedrick , Nathan, Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Ibrutinib (PCI-32765) Has Significant Activity in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Malignancies. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2013: p. 88-94. 3. Lisa S. Chen, P.B., Nichole D. Cruz , Yongying Jiang , Qi Wu , Philip A. Thompson , Shuju Feng , Michael H. Kroll , Wei Qiao , Xuelin Huang , Nitin Jain , William G. Wierda , Michael J. Keating , Varsha Gandhi, A pilot study of lower doses of ibrutinib in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood, 2018: p. 2249-2259. 4. Lad DP, Malhotra P, Khadwal A, Prakash G, Jain A, Varma S. Reduced Dose Ibrutinib Due to Financial Toxicity in CLL. Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 2018. 35(2): p. 260-264. 5. Othman S. Akhtar, K.A., Ian Lund, Ryan Hare, Francisco J. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri & Pallawi Torka, Dose reductions in ibrutinib therapy are not associated with inferior outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Leukemia & Lymphoma, 2019. 60(7): p. 1650-1655. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. OffLabel Disclosure: Ibrutinib is approved at a dose of 420 mg orally daily or 560 mg orally daily in different lymphoproliferative disorders.

Abstract This paper reflects upon the underpinning principles of informal education and youth work practice via the philosophical lens of post-structural philosopher Jacques Derrida, by introducing notions of the trace, différance, justice and the gift. Once these philosophical themes are introduced, they are then applied to the underpinning principles of informal education and youth work practice, as introduced by Jeffs and Smith (1999, 2005), paying particular attention to notions of voluntary participation, democracy, fairness, conversation and well-being. The paper asserts that such philosophical consideration of theory, and practice, can provide further insight into important dimensions of youth work, such as how it has been historically difficult to evaluate such practice in a policy domain, as well as pondering the tensions between its principles and pressures to ‘professionalise’ its service. The paper concludes by asserting the importance of informal education and youth work as a form of an improvised ‘gift’, one that is difficult to be subsumed within an overly administrative rational ‘economy’ so as to inform discussion and debate in theoretical, practice and policy domains. The paper argues that the use of a Derridean lens opens up such discussions via new considerations so as to assert the importance of youth work endeavours that challenge economic rationality.

RESUMEN:El objetivo del artículo es aproximarnos a la controvertida biografía del comisario Manuel Brabo Portillo. El trabajo está basado en fuentes primarias y secundarias. El método utilizado es empírico. En el imaginario del mundo sindicalista revolucionario, Brabo Portillo era el policía más odiado, la reencarnación de la cara más turbia del Estado. Fue, así mismo, un espía alemán relacionado con el hundimiento de barcos españoles, el asesinato del empresario e ingeniero Barret y el primer jefe de los terroristas vinculados a la patronal barcelonesa. La conflictividad que afectó a España en el período de la Primera Guerra Mundial es fundamental para entender los orígenes del terrorismo vinculado al pistolerismo, que marcó la historia político social española del primer tercio del siglo XX.PALABRAS CLAVE: Brabo Portillo, pistolerismo, espionaje, sindicalismo, Primera Guerra Mundial.ABSTRACT:The objective of the article is an approach to the controversial biography of Police Chief Manuel Brabo Portillo. The work is based on primary and secondary sources. The method used is empirical. In the imagery of the revolutionary syndicalist world, Brabo Portillo was the most hated policeman, the reincarnation of the murkiest face of the state. He was also a German spy connected with the sinking of Spanish ships, the murder of businessman and engineer Josep Barret and the first head of the terrorists linked to Barcelona employers. The conflict that affected Spain during the period of the First World War is fundamental in order to understand the origins of terrorism linked to pistolerismo, which marked Spanish social political history during the first third of the twentieth century.KEY WORDS: Brabo Portillo, pistolerismo, espionage, syndicalism, First World War. BIBLIOGRAFÍAAisa, M., La efervescencia social de los años 20. Barcelona 1917-1923, Barcelona, Descontrol, 2016.Aguirre de Cárcer, N., La neutralidad de España durante la Primera Guerra Mundial (1914-1918). I. Bélgica, Madrid, Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, 1995.Alonso, G., “’Afectos caprichosos’: Tradicionalismo y germanofilia en España durante la Gran Guerra”, Hispania Nova, 15, 2017, pp. 394-415.Amador, A., El Terror blanco en Barcelona. Las bombas y los atentados personales. Actuación infernal de una banda de asesinos al servicio de la burguesía. El asesinato como una industria, Tarragona, Talleres gráf. 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Smith, Jeff, and Steve Hamaker. Bone: 2. New York, NY: Graphix-Scholastic, 2005. Print.The book I chose was Bone the Great Cow Race. The book was written by Jeff Smith and published by Scholastic Inc in 2005.The book is about Fone Bone and his cousins trying to return home but his cousins Phoney and Smiley get caught trying to win a race. I liked the action and adventure in the story as well as the illustrations. The story was easy to follow and easy to read, as well as entertaining.I didn't like how some of the sentences were longer than others, because it made them hard to follow. The longer sentences made it hard to understand what was going on sometimes.I would give this book a rating of 3 out of 5. I would recommend it to kids in grades 4 or 5, because it is easy to read.Recommended: 3 out of 5 starsReviewer: TyroneMy name is Tyrone. My favourite place to read is in the library. I love to read horror books. My favourite book is Goosebumps.

London, Barbican: Henze's ‘Scorribanda Sinfonica’ Malcolm MillerHuddersfield: Contemporary Music Festival, 2006 Paul ConwayLondon: White, Smith and Hinton Martin AndersonLondon, Queen Elizabeth Hall: Lachenmann John WheatleyCalifornia, Napa: Anders Hillborg's ‘Arietta Quartet’ Jeff DunnLondon: Finnish premières Martin AndersonLondon, Warehouse: Finnissy's ‘Back to Earth’ Jill BarlowLondon, Barbican: Pintscher and Fedele Malcolm Miller

Warner, Tom. 2010. Losing Control: Canada’s Social Conservatives in the Age of Rights. Toronto: Between the Lines. Reviewed by Lorna Erwin. Kinsman, Gary and Patrizia Gentile. 2010. The Canadian War on Queers: National Security as Sexual Regulation. Vancouver: UBC Press. Reviewed by Mathieu Brûlé. Thompson, Jon. 2011. No Debate: The Israel Lobby and Free Speech at Canadian Universities. Toronto: Lorimer. Reviewed by Alan Sears. Pawley, Howard. 2011. Keep True: A Life In Politics. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press. Reviewed by Errol Black. Stewart, Roderick and Sharon Stewart. 2011. Phoenix: The Life of Norman Bethune, Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. Reviewed by Ken Collier. Lilley, Sasha. 2011. Capital and Its Discontents: Conversations with Radical Thinkers in a Time of Tumult. Reviewed by Thom Workman. McNally, David. 2011. Global Slump: The Economics and Politics of Crisis and Resistance. Oakland: PM Press. Reviewed by Bill Burgess. McBride, Stephen and Heather Whiteside. 2011. Private Affluence, Public Austerity: Economic Crisis and Democratic Malaise in Canada. Halifax: Fernwood. Reviewed by Joan McFarland. Harvey, David. 2010. The Enigma of Capital and the Crises of Capitalism. New York: Oxford University Press. Reviewed by Matthew Brett. Olsen, Gregg M. 2011. Power and Inequality: A Comparative Introduction. Don Mills: Oxford University Press. Reviewed by Larry Patriquin. Livingstone, David; Dorothy Smith and Warren Smith. 2011. Manufacturing Meltdown: Reshaping Steel Work. Halifax: Fernwood. Reviewed by Ann Duffy. Camfield, David. 2011. Canadian Labour in Crisis: Reinventing the Workers’ Movement. Halifax: Fernwood. Reviewed by Stephanie Ross. Webber, Jeffrey. 2011. From Rebellion to Reform in Bolivia. Chicago: Haymarket Books. Reviewed by Manuel Larrabure. Post, Charles. 2011. The American Road to Capitalism: Studies in Class Structure, Economic Development and Political Conflict, 1620-1877. Leiden: Brill. Reviewed by Jordy Cummings. Bannerji, Himani. 2011. Demography and Democracy: Essays on Nationalism, Gender and Ideology. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press. Reviewed by Aziz Choudry. Wright, Erik Olin. 2010. Envisioning Real Utopias. London: Verso. Reviewed by Jeff Noonan.

Film music scholarship has historically focused its attention between two clear-cut scoring practices; the classical Hollywood score and the popular music score. This study attempts to break that mould by investigating the pluralistic trends found in Michael Giacchino’s film score for the film Up(2009), examining the motivic growth of specific leitmotif, and charting how that musical theme is set in a variety of musical. Unlike the classical Hollywood scoring model that is outlined by writers like Claudia Gorbman and Jeff Smith, these diverse musical settings pass through a plethora of distinct genres and styles—both “highbrow” and “lowbrow”—that have hitherto been unseen in film music history. These musical settings allow Giacchino to imbue specific leitmotifs with connotation of diverse musical histories, styles and traditions. The ultimate result is a binary system of signification, with the leitmotifs introversively signifying themes and characters within the film’s diegesis, while the diverse musical settings extroversively signify sights and sounds in the wider world. By synthesizing diverse musical styles into one musical thread, Giacchino’s film scores illustrate the power of music to draw on well-known musical genres from Western culture to enhance audiences’ narrative understanding. In this way, Giacchino’s work in Up straddles inspiration from both the classical and popular Hollywood score, adopting the diverse timbres, styles and aesthetics of the popular score, while still retaining the consistent use and development of a leitmotif that is found in the classical score. I call this new hybridized scoring practice the “pastiche score.”

The first issue of PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies for 2008 is a special issue with the title “Hyperworld(s): Language, Culture, and History in the Latin American world(s),” guest edited by Jeff Browitt and Paul Allatson (University of Technology Sydney). The issue—comprising related essays and cultural works—evolved from the 2006 biennial conference of the Association of Iberian and Latin American Studies of Australasia, “Hyperworld: language, culture, history,” held at UTS in September 2006. The issue, like the conference before it, explores the place of Latin America in what the editors call “hyperworld(s).” The term connotes acceleration and hyperactivity on social, economic and financial levels, the intensified commodification of most aspects of human life, the time-space compression of communication and much cultural production, the re-ordering of social relations themselves over-determined by technology wedded to capitalist market values, and, as a result, the re-ordering of daily life, cultural expression, human desires, and political activism for individuals and communities across the planet. These processes and intensities mean that new modes of reading the interactive and contradictory discursive fragmentations of the current age are required. Thus, rather than regarding cyberspace as the age’s technological hallmark or dominant trope, the special issue asks how we might make deeper sense of hyperworld(s)—the bracketed plural implying myriad intersecting worlds within ‘the’ world, those worlds including various Latin Americas—by identifying how the interactive logics of virtuality suggest narratorial entry points into contemporary lived historical-material and imagined complexities and potentials in the Latin American world(s). This issue of PORTAL also contains two essays in its general section, both dealing with Turkey. The first, by Ariane Bogain and Florence Potot, “From the Stereotypification of the Non-European Other to the Prototypification of the European Self: A Case Study of Turkey’s Membership to the European Union from the French Perspective,” utlizes French media coverage to dissect the ambivalences and stereotypes inherent to the ongoing attempt by Turkey to become a member of the EU. The second essay, Iain Smith's “The Exorcist in Istanbul: Transnational Processes of Intercultural Dialogue within Turkish Popular Cinema,” discusses the 1974 film by Turkish director Metin Erksan, an unofficial remake of William Friedkin’s The Exorcist (1973). Smith argues that the film, and its reception, calls for a reading based on a more nuanced model of cross-cultural exchange, dialogue and interaction, as befits the broader interstitial relationships through which cultures, and their cinematic and popular cultural productions, meet and interact in Europe today. Finally, I would like to draw readers’ attention to the call for papers for a special issue on contemporary Italian cultural Studies, scheduled for July 2008. Paul Allatson, Chair, PORTAL Editorial Committee

BLAIS, ANDRÉ, ELISABETH GIDENGIL, RICHARD NADEAU AND NEIL NEVITTE. Anatomy of a Liberal Victory: Making Sense of the Vote in the 2000 Canadian Election. By Linda Trimble 187NEVITTE, NEIL, ed. Value Change and Governance in Canada. By Donald E. Blake 188MONIÈRE, DENIS. Pour comprendre le nationalisme au Québec et ailleurs. Par François- Pierre Gingras 190LAMOUREUX, DIANE. L'amère patrie. Féminisme et nationalisme dans le Québec contemporain. Par Édith Garneau 192MACLURE, JOCELYN. Récits identitaires. Le Québec à l'épreuve du pluralisme. Par Geneviève Nootens 195MASSOLIN, PHILIP. Canadian Intellectuals, The Tory Tradition, and the Challenge of Modernity, 1939-1970. By William Christian 197BETCHERMANN, LITA-ROSE. Ernest Lapointe: Mackenzie King's Great Quebec Lieutenant. By Robert Bothwell 198BRODIE, IAN. Friends of the Court: The Privileging of Interest Groups Litigants in Canada. By Miriam Smith 200ROACH, KENT. The Supreme Court on Trial: Judicial Activism or Democratic Dialogue. By Gerald Baier 202BERNIER, ROBERT. Un siècle de propagande? Information. Communication. Marketing gouvernemental. Par Anne-Marie Gingras 203JOFFRIN, LAURENT. Le gouvernement invisible. Naissance d'une démocratie sans le peuple. Par Réjean Pelletier 205LUXTON, MEG AND JUNE CORMAN. Getting By in Hard Times: Gendered Labour at Home and on the Job. By Stephanie Ross 207VILLALBA, BRUNO ET XAVIER VANDENDRIESSCHE, sous la direction de. Le Front National et le Droit. Par Alain Baccigalupo 209HAYNES, JEFF. Democracy in the Developing World: Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East. By Bruce Morrison 212DEFFONTAINES, JEAN-PIERRE ET JEAN-PIERRE PROD'HOMME. Territoires et acteurs du développement local : de nouveaux lieux de démocratie. Par Guy Chasson 214CORRALES, JAVIER. Presidents without Parties: The Politics of Economic Reform in Argentina and Venezuela in the 1990s. By Anil Hira 215JEFFREY, LESLIE ANN. Sex and Borders: Gender, National Identity, and Prostitution Policy in Thailand. By Teri Caraway 216GAUDREAULT-DESBIENS, JEAN-FRANÇOIS. Le sexe et le droit. Sur le féminisme de Catharine MacKinnon. Par Ann Robinson 218HAFFNER, SEBASTIAN. Allemagne, 1918. Une révolution trahie. Par Augustin Simard 220CRAIG, LEON HAROLD. Of Philosophers and Kings: Political Philosophy in Shakespeare's Macbeth and King Lear. By Edward Andrew 223LECA, JEAN. Pour(quoi) la philosophie politique : petit traité de science politique, Tome 1. Par Chedly Belkhodja 225PIOTTE, JEAN-MARC. Les neufs clés de la modernité. Par Gilles Labelle 227NARDIN, TERRY. The Philosophy of Michael Oakeshott. By Jeremy Rayner 228RAEDER, LINDA C. John Stuart Mill and the Religion of Humanity. By Richard Vernon 230FROESE, KATRIN. Rousseau and Nietzsche: Toward an Aesthetic Morality. By Sophie Bourgault 231TOURAINE, ALAIN. Beyond Neoliberalism. By Pascale Dufour 233BAUDRILLARD, JEAN. D'un fragment l'autre. Entretiens avec François L'Yvonnet. Par Yves Laberge 234WYN JONES, RICHARD, ed. Critical Theory and World Politics. By Jacqueline Best 235DERRIENNIC, JEAN-PIERRE. Les guerres civiles. Par Hugo Loiseau 236O'LEARY, BRENDAN, IAN LUSTICK AND TOM CALLAGHY, eds. Right-Sizing the State: The Politics of Moving Borders. By Tobias Theiler 237BARNETT, MICHAEL. Eyewitness to a Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda. By John Hickman 239GOLDSTEIN, AVERY. Deterrence and Security in the 21st Century: China, Britain, France and the Enduring Legacy of the Nuclear Revolution. By David G. Haglund 240

There's a moment in Chasing Amy (Kevin Smith, US, 1997) when the character Banky Edwards defends his masculinity. He and childhood friend Holden McNeil are artists who work on a comic named Bluntman and Chronic; Holden produces the pencil drawings which Banky inks over and colours in. When confronted with the suggestion that all he does is tracing, Banky first defends himself, and then resorts to physical and verbal violence: "I'LL TRACE A CHALK LINE AROUND YOUR DEAD FUCKING BODY, YOU FUCK ... YOUR MOTHER'S A TRACER!" (Smith 182, 184). Banky is defending the work that he does, the art, from charges that it is an infantile activity, and the violence he engages in is the kind of behaviour associated with masculinity in general and groups of young single men in particular, who "usually [have] a delinquent character, including a penchant for gratuitous violence" (Remy 45). Kevin Smith's first three films, Clerks (1994), Mallrats (1995) and Chasing Amy, formed a loose sequence known as the New Jersey Trilogy, with each focussing on the relationship between a sensitive male and his girlfriend. The relationship is threatened by interaction with the male's crude best friend. The films appear to be romantic comedies, a genre whose usual narrative trajectory is a series of barriers to social union in the form of marriage; however, aside from the studio-backed Mallrats, Smith's films resist the closure typical of his chosen genre. In Clerks and Mallrats the relationship is threatened by a lack of college aspirations, which would lead to a job which could support a nuclear family. Smith is depicting members of the slacker generation(popularised if not coined by Richard Linklater's film) or Generation-X (a term of earlier origin but used by Douglas Coupland's 1991 novel), who would not immediately be associated with work. However, here the lack of a solid job seems to be a cause for angst rather than for a liberation from the tyranny of full-time employment, and on closer inspection the characters' sense of self-worth is tied to their relation to the realm of work. Despite consciousness raising by feminists, it has been argued that the heterosexual male is still expected be "the strong rock, the sexual performer, expected to always cope, not to collapse, expected to be chivalrous, to mend fuses and flat tyres, to make the moves in courtship, expected not to be passive or weepy or frightened, expected to go to war and be killed, or be prepared to kill others" (Horrocks 143). The man without work is cast adrift, still in search of an identity. Banky's work is clearly linked to his sense of self-identity, otherwise he would not feel the need to defend it. The sorts of pressure put upon the male characters by their girlfriends, especially in Clerks and Mallrats, are echoed in anecdotal research conducted by Michael Lee Cohen, a twenty-something who felt that there was more to his generation then simply drop outs from society. He argued that, although the generation which reached its twenties in the mid to late 1980s and early 1990s is popularly thought of as a "dis-generation": "disenchanted, disenfranchised, disgruntled, disconnected, and disatisfied" (Cohen 3) as well as "disillusioned ... and frighteningly distrustful" (295), the truth was more complex. One interviewee described the pressure upon him as "Do well in school, do what the teachers say, get good grades, get out, get a boss, do what your boss says. And after thirty years you'll be a boss, and you'll be able to have kids and a car and a house and a lawn mower, and you'll die with an insurance policy that will provide for your kids' college education or their kids' or whatever" (224). This is equated by Cohen with the American Dream, an ideology which espouses concepts of freedom, both of movement and speech, of social mobility (upwards) and of second chances, but which can be boiled down to the need to consume disguised as the freedom to consume. To become a man is to enter into an order of consumption barely paid for by work. In his interviews, Cohen noted that few associated the American Dream with social justice, freedom or opportunity, but instead cited variations upon the materialistic "husband, wife, and a decimaled number of kids living in a nice house with a picket fence, two cars, and maybe a couple of dogs" (290). There remains the aspiration to the bourgeois nuclear family, despite this generation's experience of broken families. The males (and presumably females) are, to paraphrase Tyler Durden from Fight Club, a generation of males raised by women. Given their absent father, they are much less likely to have seen males acting as primary bread winners - especially when they have brought up by women, many of whom have had to work themselves. Furthermore the boom-bust cycle of economics over the last two decades and the explosion of commodity fetishism fed by ever increasing exposure to advertising produces a generation which aspires to owning material goods, but which often despairs of gaining employment which will pay for that consumerism. The New Jersey Trilogy focusses on members of just such uncertain men, men who are moving from the homosocial or fratriarchal bonds formed during school to the world of work and the pressure for a heterosexual bond. Fathers are absent from Smith's work, aside from Jared Svenning in Mallrats. (There are, on the other hand, mothers mentioned if not seen. An Oedipal analysis of Smith's characters would perhaps prove fruitful.) The sequence features men with no discernible job (Mallrats), dead end jobs (Clerks) and apparent dream jobs (Chasing Amy). Drawing comics for a living would appear to be a dream come true, but it has the unfortunate side effect of transforming leisure into work. Clearly work is not the only theme to be traced in the trilogy: the cases of fratriarchal bonds are illuminating for notions of masculinity, and I hope to publish my work on this elsewhere. Equally, despite the focus on male characters and their desire, the narrative comedicly undercuts masculinity in favour of the female characters, offering the space for a feminist interpretation. Smith is also concerned with depictions of race and homosexuality, and indeed of religious, particularly Catholic, belief. In the brief space available to me here I can only examine the theme of work. In Mallrats T S Quint and Brody Bruce go to the mall, not to shop, but to get away from their problems with respective girlfriends. T S is a student enmired in the ideological pressure of his heterosexual relationship. In contrast Brody has not got the kind of college ambitions that his girlfriend wishes him to have and still lives with his mother. Further, he has no visible means of support and seems unlikely to gain a job which will allow him to partake in the Dream. In addition, he and T S resist the work of consumerism, by window shopping rather than purchasing goods. This leads them into conflict with Shannon Hamilton, the manager of Fashionable Male, who hates mallrats for their lack of shopping agenda (cf. Fiske et al. and Fiske). With the addition of capital, the leisure time displayed in Mallrats could easily be transformed into work time. Whilst resisting being transformed into consumers, Brody and T S's winning back of their girlfriends (effectively as prizes in a tv quiz show) does place them within a bourgeois social order. Brody is rewarded with a career as a television host; given that this is on American television, it is likely that his work is in fact to deliver audiences to commercial breaks to provide the broadcaster's revenue (see Jhally). The central characters in Clerks work at neighbouring stores: Randal at a video rental store and Dante in a convenience store. Like Brody, Dante is expected to harbour college ambitions which would lift him out of this hell (his name is significant, and the script mentions that he has a copy of Inferno on his shelves [Smith 3]). Given their appearances in Clerks: The Animated Series (2000) and the cameos in Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back (2001) it seems unlikely that they are going to escape from these jobs - which after all would only ultimately substitute one job for another. The despair Dante feels in his work defines his character. As a retailer, he is stuck in a node between goods and consumer, within sight of the items which are part of the home but perhaps unable to afford them. Furthermore he is held responsible for the goods' inability to grant the pleasure which consumption always promises: whether it be cigarettes or pornography. His friend Randall, despite being surrounded by videos at his place of work, will drive to another video store to rent his own: "I work in a shitty video store. I want to go to a good video store so I can rent a good movie" (97). In this way Randal can at least make some attempt to maintain the distinction between work and leisure, whereas Dante brings his Saturday hockey game to work and plays it on the roof of the convenience store. Finally, in this brief survey, in Chasing Amy Holden and Banky have managed to escape their family homes and have carved out a bachelor life together, having turned their comics hobby into a business. What borders on an art form is implicated in economics, especially when it is revealed that likeness rights need to be paid to the originals of their Bluntman and Chronic characters, Jay and Silent Bob. Especially when compared to the other comic producers - the black and gay Hooper and the lesbian Alyssa Jones - the duo are highly successful, having both a comfortable income and fratriarchal bonds. However two things destroy the friendship: Banky's desire to to sell the rights to an animated cartoon version of their creation and Holden's on-off relationship with Alyssa. In a seemingly calculated rejection of the romantic comedy framework, Smith has Holden fall out with his friend and fail to win the girl. Holden retreats from economic success, killing off the creation, preferring to produce a more personal, self-financed comic, Chasing Amy, an account of his affair with Alyssa. This appears to be a step away from being exploited, as he appropriates the means of production, but just as the bourgeoise family is constructed to support capitalism and requires the individual to work, so his stepping away from capitalism removes him from the bourgeois order of the family. In the New Jersey trilogy Smith depicts representatives of generation-X, who nevertheless relate to different kinds of work. Selling goods is obviously work, but it should also be clear that leisure is work by other means. Even in the moments when characters attempt to escape from the breadwinning that used to be central to masculinity, the results still define their character. Work still defines a male character's sense of identity and his position within the social order. References Cohen, Michael Lee. The Twenty-Something American Dream: A Cross-Country Quest For A Generation. New York: Plume, 1994. Fiske, John. Reading the Popular. London: Routledge, 1989. Fiske, John, Bob Hodge, and Graeme Turner. Myths of Oz: Reading Australian Popular Culture. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1987. 95-116. Horrocks, Roger. Masculinity in Crisis. London: Macmillan, 1994. Jhally, Sut. The Codes of Advertising: Fetishism and the Political Economy of Meaning in the Consumer Society. London: Routledge, 1990. Remy, John. "Patriarchy and Fratriarchy as Forms of Androcracy." Men, Masculinities and Social Theory. Jeff Hearn and David Morgan (Eds.), London: Unwin, 1990. 43-54. Smith, Kevin. Clerks & Chasing Amy. London: Faber and Faber, 1997. Links http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch02.htm http://www.cs.caltech.edu/~adam/LEAD/genx.html http://uk.imdb.com/Title?0109445 http://uk.imdb.com/Title?0113749 http://uk.imdb.com/Title?0118842 Citation reference for this article MLA Style Butler, Andrew M.. "Work and Masculine Identity in Kevin Smith's New Jersey Trilogy " M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 4.5 (2001). [your date of access] < http://www.media-culture.org.au/0111/Butler.xml >. Chicago Style Butler, Andrew M., "Work and Masculine Identity in Kevin Smith's New Jersey Trilogy " M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 4, no. 5 (2001), < http://www.media-culture.org.au/0111/Butler.xml > ([your date of access]). APA Style Butler, Andrew M.. (2001) Work and Masculine Identity in Kevin Smith's New Jersey Trilogy . M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 4(5). < http://www.media-culture.org.au/0111/Butler.xml > ([your date of access]).

Ajzenstat, Janet, Paul Romney, Ian Gentles and William D. Gairdner, eds. Canada's Founding Debates. By Alan Cairns 847Lazar, Harvey, ed. Canada: The State of the Federation 1999/2000: Toward a New Mission Statement for Canadian Fiscal Federalism. By Hugh Mellon 848Mouchon, Jean. La politique sous l'influence des médias; Monière, Denis. Démocratie médiatique et représentation politique: analyse comparative de quatre journaux télévisés : Radio-Canada, France 2, RTBF (Belgique) et TSR (Suisse); et Gingras, Anne-Marie. Médias et démocratie. Le grand malentendu. Par Maud Vuillardot 850Livingstone, D. W., D. Hart and L. E. Davie. Public Attitudes towards Education in Ontario 1998: The Twelfth OISE/UT Survey; and O'Sullivan, Edmund. Transformative Learning: Educational Vision for the 21st Century. By Benjamin Levin 853Perrier, Yvan et Raymond Robert. Savoir Plus : outils et méthodes de travail intellectuel. Par Veronique Bell 855Salazar, Debra J. and Donald K. Alper, eds. Sustaining the Forests of the Pacific Coast: Forging Truces in the War in the Woods. By Jeremy Rayner 856DeLuca, Kevin Michael. Image Politics: The New Rhetoric of Environmental Activism. By Michael Howlett 857Beem, Christopher. The Necessity of Politics: Reclaiming American Public Life. By Loralea Michaelis 858Kennedy, Moorhead, R. Gordon Hoxie and Brenda Repland, eds. The Moral Authority of Government: Essays to Commemorate the Centennial of the National Institute of Social Sciences. By Joseph M. Knippenberg 860Atkinson, Hugh and Stuart Wilks-Heeg. Local Government from Thatcher to Blair: The Politics of Creative Autonomy. By G. W. Jones 862Geoghegan, Patrick M. The Irish Act of Union: A Study in High Politics, 1798-1801. By Gary Owens 863Sabetti, Filippo. The Search for Good Government: Understanding the Paradox of Italian Democracy. By Grant Amyot 864Stein, Eric. Thoughts from a Bridge: A Retrospective of Writings on New Europe and American Federalism. By Manuel Mertin 866Janos, Andrew C. East Central Europe in the Modern World: The Politics of the Borderlands from Pre- to Post-Communism. By Paul G. Lewis 869Higley, John and Gyorgy Lengyel, eds. Elites after State Socialism: Theories and Analysis. By Marta Dyczok 870Lomnitz, Larissa Adler and Ana Melnick. Chile's Political Culture and Parties: An Anthropological Explanation. By Ken Roberts 872Itzigsohn, José. Developing Poverty: The State, Labor Market Deregulation, and the Informal Economy in Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic. By Andrew Schrank 873Davenport, Rodney and Christopher Saunders. South Africa: A Modern History. By Hermann Giliomee 875Matthes, Melissa M. The Rape of Lucretia and the Founding of Republics. By Lori J. Marso 877Gorham, Eric B. The Theater of Politics: Hannah Arendt, Political Science, and Higher Education. By Herman van Gunsteren 878Dodd, Nigel. Social Theory and Modernity. By J. C. Myers 879Sciabarra, Chris Matthew. Total Freedom: Toward a Dialectical Libertarianism. By Paul Safier 881Sztompka, Piotr. Trust: A Sociological Theory. By Fiona M. Kay 882 Laugier, Sandra. Recommencer la philosphie. La philosophie américaine aujourd'hui. Par Dalie Giroux 884Bishop, John Douglas, ed. Ethics and Capitalism. By Raino Malnes 886Orend, Brian. War and International Justice: A Kantian Perspective. By Howard Williams 888Buchanan, Allen, Dan W. Brock, Norman Daniels and Daniel Wikler. From Chance to Choice: Genetics and Justice. By Travis D. Smith 889Young, Iris Marion. Inclusion and Democracy. By Jeff Spinner-Halev 891Shapiro, Ian and Stephen Macedo, eds. Designing Democratic Institutions. By John S. Dryzek 893O'Brien, Robert, Anne Marie Goetz, Jan Aart Scholte and Marc Williams. Global Governance: Multilateral Economic Institutions and Global Social Movements. By Stephen McBride 894Giddens, Anthony. Runaway World: How Globalization Is Reshaping Our Lives. By Trevor Salmon 896Haglund, David G., ed. Pondering NATO's Nuclear Options: Gambits for a Post-Westphalian World. By T.V. Paul 897Bertsch, Gary K. and William C. Potter, eds. Dangerous Weapons, Desperate States: Russia, Belarus, Kazakstan, and Ukraine. By Benjamin E. Goldsmith 898Shlaim, Avi. The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World. By Salim Mansur 900Aldecoa, Francisco and Michael Keating, eds. Paradiplomacy in Action: The Foreign Relations of Subnational Governments. By Hans J. Michelmann 901Davis, James W. Threats and Promises: The Pursuit of International Influence. By David Rousseau 903Lavoy, Peter R., Scott D. Sagan and James J. Wirtz, eds. Planning the Unthinkable: How New Powers Will Use Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons. By Greg Dinsmore 905

Sitting in near darkness about eighteen inches from the screen, he turned the channel selector every half minute or so, sometimes much more frequently. He wasn't looking for something that might sustain his interest. Hardly that. He simply enjoyed jerking the dial into fresh image-burns. He explored content to a point. The tactile visual delight of switching channels took precedence, however, transforming even random moments of content into pleasing territorial abstractions. -- Don DeLillo (16) DeLillo captures in a few lines key aspects of a cultural narrative concerning how technology has sped up human lives. The speeds at which forms are transmitted and affect the ways we apprehend the world. Speed is enjoyable. Speed abstracts. Speed is visceral. Speed fragments. We are both agents of its processes and subject to its force. Like DeLillo's channel surfer then you may explore the content of this 'speed' issue of M/C with a certain mobility, and yet you are constrained to pass through at some speed. If you're interested please hang around for a while... This issue acknowledges the reification of speed, its elevation into a mysterious quality continuous with general cultural conditions. It has ceased to be a variable among and equal to others, or one that gains its value from local happenings. It is a cultural dominant. And in this usage speed has, of course, come to stand for high speed, not slow or any speed. Virilio, the founder of dromology, is perhaps the outstanding contemporary theorist of inherent speed culture. He urges that political analysis must start from a recognition of speed, viewing it as intertwined with current conditions of technology and capitalism. The force of speed needs thinking through though. Is it Virilio's generalised tyranny, a global accident? What is at stake? One possible answer to this question can be drawn from the very definition of 'speed': as anyone who has ever rushed to make a date they were late to would know, speed expresses a relationship between space and time, between a distance covered and a time elapsed. As the noted Polish sociologist Zygmunt Bauman writes, "'distance' is a social product; its length varies depending upon the speed with which it may be overcome (and, in a monetary economy, on the cost involved in the attainment of that speed" (12). The higher the speed, the greater the distance covered in any given time period -- and the secret to attaining the speed is the ability to pay the price. For those who can meet the price, space is dematerialised: communication, movement, the satisfaction of desires, is instantaneous. The residents of the first world who are empowered by the new economic processes, who can pay for the speed, "live in a perpetual present, ... are constantly busy and perpetually 'short of time'". For those who -- for whatever reason -- cannot afford the speed, time is decomposed by space, trapped by and in space. As Bauman argues, those without the access to speed are "marooned in the opposite world ... crushed under the burden of abundant, redundant and useless time they have nothing to fill with" (88). As Bauman succinctly and pithily puts it: "rather than homogenising the human condition, the technological annulment of temporal/spatial distances tends to polarise it" (18). Speed is a cultural dominant because its possession -- or the lack thereof -- defines people's social and economic future: it marks one's cards, determines one's destiny, more precisely, more forcefully and more thoroughly than any genetic sequence identified by the Human Genome Project ever could. In this light, our contributors take us through an excursus of the range, limits and functions of speed. Our feature writer, Esther Milne, takes a historical perspective on the perceptual reconfigurations of space and time that come with changes in communications and transport technologies. She observes how twentieth-century commentators including Marinetti, Harvey and Castells have heralded the arrivals of new temporal regimes on the basis of technological and economic changes. However, by examining eighteenth- and nineteenth-century English reactions to the use of the mail coach, train and telegraph to relay messages, she identifies a longer tradition of commentary on communication technologies, which sets up themes -- such as the possible alienation of messages from physical bodies -- that are still applied today. Claudia Mesch, in her contribution "Racing Berlin: the Games of Run Lola Run", takes us into the Berlin of Tom Tykwer's recent movie Run Lola Run. Playfully using the multiple narrative style of the movie, Mesch alternately discusses the film's narrative and visual form to comment upon its characterisations; its physical and spatial location to comment upon its intra- and extra-diagetic textualities; and its filmic tropes and conventions to comment upon the historical, geo-political and mythic existence of Berlin as a lived space. In a timely review article of Virilio's latest book The Information Bomb, John Armitage reflects upon Virilio's current thinking about speed, digital technologies and the state of the world. He outlines the metaphors of the militarisation of information that Virilio is using to describe the social and political effects of an explosively fast technoculture, and contrasts Virilio's thinking with that of Negroponte and Baudrillard. Sadeq Rahimi explores the shrinking of time and the virtualisation of space to question how identity is redefined in the postmodern condition. Utilising the work of Helga Nowotny, Paul Virilio, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, amongst others, Rahimi argues that the self-identity constructed by these changing social conditions can no longer be described as human -- bound as this is by both space and time -- and calls for the theoretical and philosophical development of a new, posthuman theory of identity. Writing at the time of millennium fever McKenzie Wark takes a 'detour' away from the incessant media multiplication of a single moment by contemplating the enduring architectural media of ancient Egypt. Wark is thereafter able to put into relief how the twentieth century mummified change itself and in doing so has created new media empires designed to extend their dominion through momentary saturations of space. The tour stops by Valery, Innis, Microsoft, Time-Warner and the London Millennium Dome. Brian Ward draws our attention to the social and cultural experience of speed, and the ways to which speed is the result of an obsession, under capitalist rationalities, with notions of progress, advancement and unique sensation. Discussing the function of speed within the proto-Fascist philosophy of the Italian Futurist movement, Ward points to the way its overt fascination with speed foregrounds a more latent, yet no less obsessive, preoccupation with speed and progress within contemporary Western metaphysics. In "Fleshing Out the Maelstrom" Paul Taylor shows how the recent Biopunk fiction of Jeff Noon and Michael Marshall Smith plays out a contemporary ontological confusion between the physical and the informational. Going beyond Cyberpunk's exaggeration of digital abstractions, Biopunk metaphorises information's colonisation of the physical world as a "an alarming maelstrom of biological uncertainty" in which a fecund capitalism breeds mergers, images, and a smorgasbord of private products that overrun social life. In "Waiting for Instantaneity" Maya Drozdz reflects upon the temporal paradoxes of cyberspace. She questions Virilio's and Baudrillard's suppositions of realtime mediation arguing that movement in cyberspace is "subordinate to connection speed and loadtime", which means all online content is mediated by the temporalities of its transmission. She outlines online narratives that have arisen to accommodate and investigate the discrepancy between transmission time 'as it happens' and its perception and draws parallels with filmic techniques for creating temporal continuity. Kate Eichhorn also examines speed of the Net applying it to arguments about the effectivity of hate speech. She shows how the "speed and subsequent loss of orientation" that Virilio associates with virtual environments may actually prove the grounds for its recuperation. While cyberhate may still injure, the speed at which it may be recontextualised by parody, critique and the mobility of the reader disrupt its perlocutionary effects. In contrast to Ward, Gwendolyn Stansbury argues against the speed of contemporary life. Extrapolating the Slow Food movement's critique of fast food, she posits the negative effect that the modern pace of life has on the communal experience of preparing and eating food together. Finally, as a special feature this issue, we bring you a recording of a seminar recently presented by the noted Dutch media activist and theorist Geert Lovink at the Media and Cultural Studies Centre at the University of Queensland. Entitled "Directions for Cyberculture in the New Economy", it reprises a paper he presented at the "Tulipomania" conference held not long ago in Amsterdam, exploring the changes and potential of online activism and culture as it speeds headlong towards complete commercialisation. Greg Hearn and David Marshall respond to Lovink's views, and a lively audience discussion, ranging from AOL users to cyberwarriors, follows. Geert Lovink visited Brisbane as a participant in Alchemy, an International Masterclass for New Media Artists and Curators, which was organised by the Australian Network for Art and Technology in association with the Brisbane Powerhouse -- Centre for the Live Arts from 8 May to 9 June 2000. M/C and the Media and Cultural Studies Centre are highly grateful to ANAT and Geert Lovink as well as the Australian Key Centre for Cultural and Media Policy for making this event possible. Guy Redden & Sean Aylward Smith -- 'Speed' Issue Editors References Baudrillard, Jean. "The Ecstasy of Communication." The Anti-Aesthetic. Essays on Postmodern Culture. Ed. Hal Foster. Washington: Bay Press, 1983. Bauman, Zygmunt. Globalization: The Human Consequences. New York: Columbia UP, 1998. DeLillo, Don. Players. New York: Random House, 1989. Jameson, Frederic. "Postmodernism, or The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism." New Left Review 146 (1984). Citation reference for this article MLA style: Guy Redden, Sean Aylward Smith. "Editorial: 'Speed'." M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 3.3 (2000). [your date of access] <http://www.api-network.com/mc/0006/edit.php>. Chicago style: Guy Redden, Sean Aylward Smith, "Editorial: 'Speed'," M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 3, no. 3 (2000), <http://www.api-network.com/mc/0006/edit.php> ([your date of access]). APA style: Guy Redden, Sean Aylward Smith. (2000) Editorial: 'speed'. M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 3(3). <http://www.api-network.com/mc/0006/edit.php> ([your date of access]).