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1
Heikkilä, Jussi T. S. "Journal of Economic Literature Codes Classification System (JEL)." KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 49, no. 5 (2022): 352–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2022-5-352.
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The Journal of Economic Literature codes classification system (JEL) published by the American Economic Association (AEA) is the de facto standard classification system for research literature in economics. The JEL classification system is used to classify articles, dissertations, books, book reviews, and working papers in EconLit, a database maintained by the AEA. Over time, it has evolved and extended to a system with over 850 subclasses. This paper reviews the history and development of the JEL classification system, describes the current version, and provides a selective overview of its uses and applications in research. The JEL codes classification system has been adopted by several publishers, and their instructions are reviewed. There are interesting avenues for future research as the JEL classification system has been surprisingly little used in existing bibliometric and scientometric research as well as in library classification systems.
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Cherrier, Beatrice. "Classifying Economics: A History of the JEL Codes." Journal of Economic Literature 55, no. 2 (2017): 545–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20151296.
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In this paper, I suggest that the history of the classification system used by the American Economic Association (AEA) to list economic literature and scholars is a relevant proxy to understand the transformation of economics science throughout the twentieth century. Successive classifications were fashioned through heated discussions on the status of theoretical and empirical work, data and measurement, and proper objects of analysis. They also reflected the contradictory demands of users, including economists but also civil servants, journalists, publishers, librarians, and the military, and reflected rapidly changing institutional and technological constraints. Until the late 1940s, disagreements on the general structure of the classification dominated AEA discussions. As the subject matters, methods, and definition of economics rapidly evolved after the war, methodological debates raged on the status of theoretical and empirical work and the degree of unification of the discipline. It was therefore the ordering and content of major categories that was closely discussed during the 1956 revision. The 1966 revision, in contrast, was fueled by institutional and technical transformations rather than intellectual ones. Classifiers essentially reacted to changes in the way economists' work was evaluated, the nature and size of the literature they produced, the publishing industry, and the use of computer facilities. The final 1988–90 revision was an attempt by the Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) editors to translate the mature core fields structure of their science into a set of codes and accommodate the new types of applied work economists identified themselves with. The 1990 classification system was only incrementally transformed in the next twenty years, but that the AEA is currently considering a new revision may signal more profound changes in the structure of economics. (JEL A14)
3
Pant, Vimal, and Prachi Pathak. "The Wounds of COVID-19 and Responses to the Challenges: A Commentary on India’s Macroeconomic Scenario." Indian Economic Journal 68, no. 4 (2020): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466221998826.
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The COVID pandemic has ravaged the economic health of all countries round the world. This work is a commentary on the scale of the impact the disease has created on the economy and how the country has responded to the challenge. It looks into the interventions of the government as well as their possible implications on the macroeconomic health of the country. We have also suggested measures that could assist in redeeming the economic health and bringing out the vulnerable businesses from existential crisis. JEL Classification Codes: E00, E20, E23, E24, E32
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Rafique Yasser, Qaiser. "Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: An Analysis of Family and Non-family Controlled Firms." Pakistan Development Review 50, no. 1 (2011): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v50i1pp.47-62.
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The aim of this study is to scrutinise the impact of corporate governance mechanism on on the performance of family and non-family controlled firms in Pakistan. It has been found that a corporate governance structure influences the performance of both family and non-family controlled companies significantly. However all corporate governance mechanisms are not significant as the significant variables differ between family and non-family controlled companies. Thus, regulators need to be cautious in setting codes for different companies. JEL classification: G34, L21, L25 Keywords: Corporate Governance, Firm Performance
5
Viktor, Oliynyk, and Rimskogo Korsakova St. "ALGORITHM CONSTRUCTION AND SOLVING OF OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT PROBLRM OF FINANCIAL SYSTEM." Journal Scientific and Applied Research 6, no. 1 (2014): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v6i1.144.
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The algorithm for solving of dynamic management problem is examined, that is conducted in a few stages: from discrete initial data we get optimal functional dependence; we find differential equalization of process; we set a management function and criterion of optimality; we conduct the numeral solution of problem. For a solving the method of the Pontryagin maximum principle is used. Equalization of the state we write regarding Gross Domestic Product. An optimal management of United Kingdom system state from initial to the set end position is offered. JEL classification codes: C01; С53; E17; F21
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Wang, Guan Jun. "A CRITIQUE ON LEASE VERSUS BUY ANALYSIS AND GOVERNMENT TAX REVENUE." International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review 6, no. 2 (2021): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v6i2.1094.
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Motivation for leasing is often believed to be the tax rate difference between the lessee and the lessor, allowing both to save on taxes at the government's expense. These short notes challenge this conventional wisdom and demonstrate not only the tax rate difference but also other various leasing parameters that can have an impact on government tax revenue both analytically and numerically. This paper adds additional theoretical groundworks to the literature to support the claim that the positive-sum games do exist among the lessee, the lessor, and the government. 
 JEL Classification Codes: C6, G3.
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Bakkeri, Amine, and Abdelhakim Ben Malik. "PROFITABILITY OF ISLAMIC BANKS: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS." Indian Journal of Finance and Banking 4, no. 3 (2020): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijfb.v4i3.811.
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This article aims to examine the impact of internal and external factors on the profitability of 30 Islamic banks operating in the Middle East and North Africa over a period from 2005 till 2018. We use the OLS method according to Panel data. Empirical results indicate that the quality of management, liquidity, and capitalization, quality of services, the presence of women and the competence of staff are significant determinants of profitability. The other determinants including diversification, size and inflation have no significant effect on the Islamic banks' profitability.
 JEL Classification Codes: G21, G24, C33, D02.
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Gul, Saira, and Sabeeh Ullah. "The Role of Trading Frequency and Transaction Cost on Asset Pricing: Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange." Journal of Quantitative Methods 4, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29145/2020/jqm/040103.
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This paper compares price impact ratio (Amihud, 2002) and new priceimpact ratio (Florackis, Gregoriou, & Kostakis, 2011) by taking dailydata from Pakistani market for a period of 14 years ranging fromJanuary 2000 to December 2013. The first part of the paper covers thecomparison of deciles portfolios and the second part covers riskadjusted deciles portfolios. Results suggest that new price impact modelgives better results as compared to extensively applied price impactmodel and confirms that costs of transaction and trading frequencyjointly effect asset pricing. Therefore, both the aspects should be studiedmutually rather than in isolation.
 JEL Classification Codes: G10; G12; G14
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Kayal, Tamal Krishna. "Classifying Units into Homogeneous Groups: Application of a Two-stage Method to District-level Data on Primary Education in India." Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 16, no. 2 (2022): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09738010221074575.
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In development studies, classification of units into different homogeneous groups is often required. Arriving at such a classification becomes complicated when a number of variables are taken into consideration. The standard practice of using an aggregate measure for this purpose has several limitations. The present study applies a two-stage method that attempts to overcome these limitations. It has considered data for 10 indicators of outcome of primary education for 161 districts across India. These districts have been classified into three distinct but homogeneous groups. The classification is such that the districts within a particular group are more or less similar in terms of the indicators of educational outcome, but they differ significantly across the three groups. The two-stage method has also revealed the specific area of disadvantage for each group of districts, thus yielding useful information for policy purposes. JEL Codes: C18, C38, I21
10
Choemprayong, Songphan, and Chiraporn Siridhara. "Work Centered Classification as Communication: Representing a Central Bank’s Mission with the Library Classification." KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 48, no. 1 (2021): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2021-1-42.
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For a special library serving its parent organization, the design and use of classification schemes primarily need to support work activities. However, when the Prince Vivadhanajaya Library at the Bank of Thailand decided to open its doors to the public in 2018, the redesign of classification that serves both internal staff work and the public interest became a challenging task. We designed a classification scheme by integrating work centered classification design approach, classification as communication framework and the service design approach. The design process included developing empathy, ideation and implementation and evaluation. As a result, the new classification scheme, including seven main classes and thirty-seven level-one subclasses and twenty-two level-two subclasses, was primarily based on the organization’s strategic plans, mapping with JEL Classification Codes, Library of Congress Classification (LCC) and Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). The classification scheme also includes geographical code, author cutter number, publication year, volume number and copy number. Follow up interviews with twenty-three participants were conducted two years later to evaluate user experience as well as the staff’s opinion of the new classification scheme. The feedback addressed favorable outcomes and challenges to be used for the next iteration of the library service design process.
11
Bernini, Federico, Julia González, Juan Carlos Hallak, and Alejandro Vicondoa. "The Micro-D Classification: A New Approach to Identifying Differentiated Exports." Economía 18, no. 2 (2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31389/eco.59.
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It is common to assess the evolution of a country’s export structure as a manifestation of the extent of progress or stagnation in its development process. Performing this exercise requires determining which features of exported products denote higher stages in that process. We argue that exports of differentiated products, especially when sold to developed countries, signal the acquisition of valuable knowledge that reflects development progress. We propose a new classification, denoted Micro-D, that works at the finest aggregation level in customs nomenclatures to provide a more precise identification of differentiated products. Specifically, the classification uses package size as a proxy for product differentiation to identify differentiated food and beverage exports. Thus, it is especially—though not exclusively—suited to capturing export upgrading in land-abundant developing countries. We apply the Micro-D classification to Argentina in 1998–2011 to deliver a new picture of the country’s sources of export upgrading in this period.
 
 JEL Codes: F10, F14, O14
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AMINOU, Fawaz A. Adéchinan, and Sahindatou Olaïtan Abèkè OKPEITCHAN. "Effet de la longueur de l’intervalle de naissances sur l’état de santé maternelle au Bénin." Revue d’Economie Théorique et Appliquée 7, no. 2 (2017): 167–86. https://doi.org/10.62519/reta.v7n2a4.
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Résumé : Cette étude analyse l’effet de la longueur de l’intervalle de naissance sur l’état de santé maternelle au Bénin. Elle utilise les données de l’Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS) du Bénin en adoptant une stratégie d’estimation qui prend en compte l’endogéniété potentielle de la longueur de l’intervalle de naissances, le potentiel biais de sélection de l’échantillon et l’hétérogénéité non observée. Les résultats indiquent que les longueurs d’intervalles de naissance de 36 à 59 mois améliorent l’état de la santé maternelle au Bénin. Toutefois, l’intervalle de naissance est un facteur endogène de la santé de la mère. Ces résultats impliquent que les politiques qui encouragent les mères à un intervalle de naissances de 36-59 mois peuvent être considérées comme un moyen d’améliorer la santé maternelle. Mots clés : Santé maternelle, Intervalle de naissance, Bénin. Codes de classification JEL : I11 - I18 – I19. Effect of the birth interval length on maternal health status in Benin Abstract: This study analyses the effect of the birth interval length on maternal health status in Benin. It uses the demographic and health survey (DHS) datasets for Benin by adopting an estimation strategy that takes in account potential endogeneity of the birth interval length, potential sample selection bias and potential unobserved heterogeneity. We use the demographic and health survey (DHS) datasets for Benin. The findings indicate that a birth interval of 36-59 months improve maternal health status in Benin. However, the birth interval is an endogenous factor of maternal health. These findings imply that policies that encourage mothers to maintain a birth interval of 36-59 months should be pursued as one way of improving maternal health. Keywords: Maternal Health, Birth Interval, Benin. JEL classification Codes: I11 - I18 – I19.
13
Kim, Il-woon, and Phillip C. James. "A REVIEW AND CRITIQUE OF COMMANDER THEORY." International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review 6, no. 2 (2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v6i2.1081.
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The development of accounting was marked by three key theories namely: the proprietary theory, the entity theory and the fund theory. The commander theory was subsequently introduced to address the criticisms of the previous theories. This paper, therefore, outlines the history and development of the commander theory, it also outlines the essence of the theory and discusses general criticisms levied against it. Despite some apparent weaknesses of the commander theory, one of which is that it is in-ward focused, there-by ignoring those outside the firm, it is simultaneously argued that the commander theory should be viewed as a significant theoretical framework in the formulation of accounting standards.
 JEL Classification Codes: M41.
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Sharma, Richa, Saurabh Mishra, and Shashikant Rai. "EMPOWERING WOMEN SELF HELP GROUPS THROUGH MICROFINANCE DURING COVID-19: A CASE STUDY OF WOMEN SHG." Indian Journal of Finance and Banking 5, no. 1 (2021): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijfb.v5i1.971.
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The paper describes the mitigating effect of self-help groups in India during and post covid-19 situation. The study examines the potential opportunities and challenges concerning the contextual differences across and within the countries. Self-help group has been important in empowering its members by providing opportunities for livelihood support and income generator during the covid-19 situation. The self-help group played a very important role during the covid-19 situation as half of the SHG was involved in community awareness and infection prevention activities in their community. The study identifies a potential mechanism through which women's groups may be affected by covid-19 situations.
 JEL Classification Codes: G21, I3.
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Tsiaras, Konstantinos. "Contagion in Futures FOREX Markets for the Post- Global Financial Crisis: A Multivariate FIGARCHcDCC Approach." Journal of Quantitative Methods 4, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29145/2020/jqm/040102.
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This paper seeks to investigate the time-varying conditional correlations to the futures FOREX market returns. We employ a dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) Generalized ARCH (GARCH) model to find potential contagion effects among the markets. The under investigation period is 2014-2019. We focus on four major futures FOREX markets namely JPY/USD, KRW/USD, EUR/USD and INR/USD. The empirical results show an increase in conditional correlation or contagion for all the pairsof future FOREX markets. Based on the dynamic conditional correlations, KRW/USD seems to be the safest futures FOREX market. The results are of interest to policymakers who provide regulations for the futures FOREX markets.
 JEL Classification Codes: C58, C61, G11, G15
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Chakraborty, Debashis, and Sacchidananda Mukherjee. "The Relationship between Trade, Investment and Environment." Foreign Trade Review 45, no. 2 (2010): 3–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515100201.
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The interlinkage between economic openness and environmental repercussions is a widely researched area. The current study contributes in the existing pool of research by conducting a cross-country empirical analysis for the year 2008 by exploring the interrelationship between openness indicators (trade and investment) and environmental performance of a country. For this purpose, the analysis separately considers export orientation, import orientation, FDI inwardness and FDI outwardness of the countries in different variations of the proposed empirical model. The regression results do not provide strong support to the Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH). The findings also confirm a relationship between socio-economic and socio-political factors in a country and its environmental performance. JEL Classification Codes: F18, F21
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Gauffin, Karl. "Precariousness on the Swedish labour market: A theoretical and empirical account." Economic and Labour Relations Review 31, no. 2 (2020): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304620919206.
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The purpose of this article is to investigate emerging areas of precarious employment in Sweden. Based on the literature on dimensions of precariousness and neoliberalism, this article will begin with an analysis of the transitioning Swedish welfare state and the contextual environment of precarious employment in Sweden. This will serve as a point of departure for the development of an occupational classification scheme including measures of income and employment security. In an empirical analysis, the occupational classification will be applied to a population-based register material including two birth cohorts of employed Swedish residents aged 28–33, with a registered income. The development of income and employment security will be described and discussed. By applying this newly developed measure of precarious employment, this article will provide a platform for future theoretical and empirical research on precarious employment in a transitioning welfare state. JEL Codes: J40, J82, J88, I38
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Viswanathan, P. K., Suresh Srinivasan, and N. Hariharan. "Predicting Financial Health of Banks for Investor Guidance Using Machine Learning Algorithms." Journal of Emerging Market Finance 19, no. 2 (2020): 226–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972652720913478.
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While earlier studies have focused excessively on bankruptcy prediction of banks, this study classifies banks based on their financial strength from the perspective of retail depositors who currently do not have an authentic guiding framework that helps them identify banks with higher risk profiles. Using machine learning techniques, we classify 44 Indian banks into distinct categories of financial health based on 12-year data from 2005 to 2017. We first use unsupervised learning to identify a pattern leading to logical groups in terms of financial health and then move to supervised learning for prediction. Using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and Random Forest methods, we predict the cluster membership with the associated explanatory power alongside. We also compare our classification with the credit ratings awarded by rating agencies and highlight certain discrepancies that exist between what is predicted by our models and the credit rating awards. JEL Codes: C53; M10
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Deb, Rajat. "Is RCEP a Panacea for India?" Indian Economic Journal 68, no. 4 (2020): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466221998626.
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The successful integration and development strategies of East Asia and Southeast Asia in the forms of regional integrations such as the ASEAN have motivated to convert these into mega regional groups that is, the formation of the regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP). RCEP has remained under discussion in the political forums since 2012 which had reached its crucial phase but India had refused to sign the pact in the Bangkok summit on 4 November 2019. India’s decision to pull out from the RCEP has likely protected her domestic sectors from the Chinese aggressive dumping, but it could adversely impact foreign investments and bargaining powers with the United States and the European Union in the short run. JEL Classification Codes: P25, R11
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Liu, Min Shirley. "A PROPOSED ARCHIVAL EMPIRICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY TO TEST RELIABITIY AND VALIDITY OF DISCOUNTED RESIDUAL INCOME MODEL." International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review 6, no. 2 (2021): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v6i2.1062.
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Kerlinger and Lee (2000) defines reliability as “the proportion of the ‘true’ variance to the total obtained variance of the data yielded by a measuring instrument” and content validity as “representativeness or sampling adequacy of the content—the substance, the matter, the topic of measuring instrument”. The goal of this research is to provide an empirical research method to quantify the reliability and validity of residual income model in the prediction of the value of equity (stock price), by proposing to compare all active U.S. firms from 1981 to 2005 traded in the NYSE and the AMEX (the time period and listed stocks are subject to change based upon the availability of data from different sources). 
 JEL Classification Codes: G10, G17, M41, Z10.
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Makki, Nazgol, and Madhu S. Mohanty. "Mental Health and Happiness: Evidence From the U.S. Data." American Economist 64, no. 2 (2019): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0569434518822266.
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The current study examines the role of poor mental health characterized by depression in the determination of an individual’s happiness measured by self-satisfaction and job satisfaction. Using two samples from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 (NLSY79) and following an ordered probit approach, the study demonstrates that, other variables held constant, an individual suffering from mental depression is likely to have lower levels of self-satisfaction and job satisfaction than those with better mental health. The significance of this variable in both self-satisfaction and job satisfaction regressions indicates that metal health status is an important covariate of an individual’s overall well-being, and should not, therefore, be omitted when estimating relevant happiness equations. JEL Classification Codes: A12, J28, Z13
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Pavlyshyn, Ivan, Anna Petrenko, Bohdan Opryshko, Bohdan Oliinyk, and Sergii Kavun. "Social Media Impact on the ‘Cosmos’ Blockchain Ecosystem: State and Prospect." Data Science Journal 23 (February 23, 2024): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2024-008.
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The proliferation of blockchain technology heralds transformative impacts across various sectors, offering decentralization, transparency, and enhanced security. This paper explores the unique case of Cosmos, a scalable blockchain ecosystem designed to address the challenges of isolation and interoperability among existing blockchains. With its implementation of Tendermint consensus and the Inter-Blockchain Communication protocol, Cosmos stands out in facilitating seamless cross-blockchain interactions. The ATOM token serves a dual role as the network’s currency and a governance tool, empowering stakeholders in decision-making processes. Significantly, this study investigates the intricate relationship between Cosmos and social media platforms, examining how online sentiment influences voting on governance proposals, with a detailed analysis of two specific proposals. Furthermore, the paper delves into Cosmos’ integral role in the burgeoning Decentralized Finance sector, underscoring how its modular architecture fosters financial innovation. In the broader context, there are numerous PoS (Proof of Stake) networks. Cosmos, one of the foundational and longstanding projects, exemplifies a classic blockchain economic model, making it an ideal subject for this analysis. Finally, the paper assesses Cosmos’ contribution to the overarching Web3 vision, asserting its significance as a foundational element for a decentralized, user-oriented digital framework. Our findings illuminate Cosmos’ multifaceted impact, from technological innovation to reshaping societal structures, reaffirming blockchain’s potential in redefining modern paradigms. JEL Classification Codes: M31; M15; C58; L17 MSC 2010 Subject Classification Codes: 00A06; 37M10; 62M10; 91B84; 91B82
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NDOUR, Cheikh Tidiane. "Libéralisation commerciale et recettes fiscales : analyse par quantile de régression sur données de panel en zone CEDEAO." Revue d’Economie Théorique et Appliquée 6, no. 2 (2016): 191–204. https://doi.org/10.62519/reta.v6n2a4.
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Résumé : Dans ce papier, nous analysons l’impact de la libéralisation commerciale sur la dynamique des recettes fiscales des pays de la CEDEAO et cherchons les facteurs expliquant les différences et similitudes de convergence des recettes fiscales. L’analyse par quantile de régression sur la période 1990-2015 montre un impact négatif de la libéralisation sur les recettes fiscales. L’aide publique, la libéralisation commerciale et la contribution du secteur industriel à la formation du PIB sont les facteurs les plus significatifs expliquant la convergence commune des recettes fiscales. La stabilité politique et la bonne gouvernance sont les facteurs traduisant les différences spécifiques aux pays. Mots clés : Libéralisation commerciale - Recettes fiscales - Quantile régression - Pays de la CEDEAO Classification JEL : F00 - E62 - N47 - O11 Trade liberalization and tax revenues: quartile regression analysis of panel data in ECOWAS area Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the impact of trade liberalization on the dynamics of tax revenues of ECOWAS countries and seek the factors explaining the differences and similarities convergence of tax revenue. The quartile regression analysis over the period 1990-2015 shows a negative impact of liberalization on tax revenue. Public aid, trade liberalization and the industrial sector's contribution to the GDP are the most significant factors behind the common convergence of tax revenues. Political stability and good governance are the factors reflecting the specific differences in the country. Keywords: Trade liberalization, tax revenues, quartile regression, ECOWAS countries JEL Classification codes : F00, E62, N47, O11
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Rahman, Md Habibur, and Sabbrina Choudhury. "The Influence of Blue Ocean Strategy on Organizational Performance." Global Disclosure of Economics and Business 8, no. 2 (2019): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/gdeb.v8i2.101.
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The study deals with the blue ocean strategy (BOS) that offers users a framework for making uncontested market space and diverts the outlooks from the existing competition to the creation of innovative value and demand. The purpose of the study is to determine the influence of BOS on organizational performance. In this study, we systematically examine previous research on these topics of BOS. The findings show that there is a significant contribution of BOS to the enhancement of organizational performance. The study recommends that the policymakers should perform a critical analysis of BOS before implementation to see its suitability in the desired organization. Additionally, we identify future research areas that provide scholars opportunities to push theoretical boundaries and offer further insights into the study of BOS.
 JEL Classification Codes: M31, L25
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Javid, Attiya Yasmin, and Bilal Ahmad. "Event Study and Impulse Indicator Saturation Analysis to Assess Reaction of Terrorist and Political Events: Evidence from Oil and Gas Sector of Pakistan." Journal of Quantitative Methods 4, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29145/2020/jqm/040104.
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The objective of this study is twofold, first, to assess the impact ofterrorist attacks and political events on returns and volatility oil and gassector of Karachi Stock Exchange from the period of 2004 to 2014.Second, to compare the results of these events applying event studymethodology, event dummy analysis and impulse indicator saturation.Results indicate that the oil and gas sector reacts on the occurrence ofterrorism and political events and the results of two methodologiesevent study and event dummy analysis are almost similar. However,impulse indicator saturation is able to provide better results incomparison to event study and event dummy analysis because as itcaptures all breaks and co-breaks within a sample period,moreover it clearly helps in defining rebounding period of the market.
 JEL Classification Codes: G12, G14
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Shaheen, Rozina, and Muhammad Haroon Amjad. "Nexus Between Democracy, Corruption, and Income Inequality in South Asia." Journal of Development Policy Research & Practice (JoDPRP) 7, no. 1 (2024): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.59926/jodprp.vol07/04.
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This study explores the interplay between corruption, democracy, and income inequality in South Asia, analysing data from 2012 to 2022. It incorporates variables from the Transparency International Corruption Perception Index (TI-CPI), Democracy Index by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), and measures of income inequality, in addition to other control variables relevant to political governance and economic performance. Utilising the Feasible Generalised Least Squares (FGLS) approach, the research reveals that democracy, regulatory quality, income inequality, and population growth are associated with increased corruption, while effective corruption control, rule of law, and economic growth contribute to its reduction in the region. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers on enhancing democratic structures, governance efficiency, and the rule of law to combat corruption in South Asia. JEL Classification Codes: O15, D73
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Riyazahmed, K. "NEURAL NETWORKS IN FINANCE: A DESCRIPTIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Indian Journal of Finance and Banking 5, no. 2 (2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijfb.v5i2.997.
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Traditional statistical methods pose challenges in data analysis due to irregularity in the financial data. To improve accuracy, financial researchers use machine learning architectures for the past two decades. Neural Networks (NN) are a widely used architecture in financial research. Despite the wider usage, NN application in finance is yet to be well defined. Hence, this descriptive study classifies and examines the NN application in finance into four broad categories i.e., investment prediction, credit evaluation, financial distress, and other financial applications. Likewise, the review classifies the NN methods used under each category into standard, optimized and hybrid NN. Further, accuracy measures used by the research work widely differ, in turn, pose challenges for comparison of a NN under each category and reduces the scope of formalizing a theory to choose optimum network model under each category. 
 JEL Classification Codes: G1, G17, M150.
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Bhuiyan, Abul Bashar, Md Jafor Ali, K. M. Anwarul Islam, Md Shahbub Alam, and Mohammad Solaiman. "THE ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF SHARIAH HARMONIZATION OF THE CROSS BORDER TRANSACTIOINS: CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF ISLAMIC BANKING INDUSTRIES." International Journal of Shari'ah and Corporate Governance Research 3, no. 2 (2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijscgr.v3i2.838.
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The paper aims to identify major’s regulatory challenges are facing in maintaining proper harmonization of Shariah rulings of Islamic Bank across the world in the cross-border activities. The study found that the Islamic banking is confronting challenges to make appropriate rules and regulations for making the common standardized mode of finance to cope up with present market demand for their customer with conventional counterpart base on the Islamic sharia principles. Particularly, in the arena of competing in the global markets and establish unique regulatory institutions for proper harmonization of Shariah rulings of Islamic Banks over the cosmos in the cross-border actions. The study recommends that policymakers are to pay attention to solve the above regulatory issues to face the existing challenges for the smooth financial operation in the future.
 JEL Classification Codes: G21, G24, L26, P51.
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Jagdambe, Subhash. "Consistency Test of Revealed Comparative Advantage Index: Evidence from India’s Agricultural Export." Foreign Trade Review 54, no. 1 (2018): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732518810838.
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This article analyses the competitiveness of India’s agricultural products in world markets. Four indices of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) were used at the four-digit level of harmonized system (HS) of classification for the period of 1996–2015. Under live animal products, 7 out of 26 products showed RCA. For vegetable products, 21 out of 58 showed strong RCA. For products like animal or vegetable fat and prepared foodstuff, 2 out of 16 and 9 out of 49 showed RCA, respectively. Further, the consistency tests reveal that the indices are less satisfactory as the cardinal and dichotomous measures but relatively satisfactory as ordinal measure. Hence, study would propose an ordinal interpretation of RCAs indices for better policy formulation. The study has also found the pattern of RCA indices to be fairly stable over the years. JEL Codes: F1, Q1
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Steger, Thomas, and Markus Stiglbauer. "The German corporate governance code and its adoption by listed SMEs – just another ‘Procrustes bed’?" Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 3 (2016): 494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-2).2016.05.
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The discussion of companies’ compliance with corporate governance standards and codes has widely neglected the situation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Accordingly, the authors examine a sample of 151 SMEs listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in 2006 (before the financial crisis) and 2012 (after the financial crisis) and, thus, required to declare whether they comply with the recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code or not. While code compliance seems to be quite homogenous comparing different branches, the authors found that company size has a positive impact on code compliance. With regard to a remarkably high number of recommendations a lot of companies do not comply to, company size might be a major problem, why the existing GCGC does not fit very well to the situation of SMEs. This is why, most remarkably, code compliance does not exert any significant influence on either market reaction or on operating performance of SMEs. Keywords: corporate governance, SMEs, Germany, firm performance. JEL Classification: G3, G34, M10, L25
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Mawutor, John Kwaku Mensah. "EXAMINATION OF RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURE AND COMPLIANCE AMONG LISTED GHANAIAN BANKS." Indian Journal of Finance and Banking 5, no. 1 (2021): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijfb.v5i1.960.
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This study examined the compliance level of IAS 24, “Related Party Disclosures” of banks in Ghana and determined some firm specific characteristic that influence the level of disclosure. Using the quantitative research approach, the study was conducted on thirteen banks in Ghana constituting 56% of the entire population. Secondary data was obtained from annual reports of the banks and related published articles. The study again identified the most common type of related party transactions done by Banks in Ghana. Findings revealed that the level of compliance with IAS 24 among Banks in Ghana is relatively low. The study again found that Board Size, Company Size, Type of Auditor, Listing, and profitability has a positive influence on the level of disclosure. Findings also revealed that only Company Size is statistically significant with the level of compliance of IAS 24 among Banks in Ghana. 
 JEL Classification Codes: A19, B10, B25, C10, C53.
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Alakshendra, Abhinav, and Dong Li. "Intra-household Bargaining, Son Preference and the Status of Women in India." Indian Economic Journal 68, no. 4 (2020): 633–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466221998830.
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Son preference prevails among Indian families. We test the hypothesis that women who bear sons experience an elevated status within the household, which translates into their increased role in decision-making. Using data from the Indian Human Development Survey, we find that women who have given birth to at least one son show greater participation in the household’s financial decisions as well as other decisions on a regular basis. After analysing 13 decision variables, we find that women who have given birth to at least one son enjoy higher overall bargaining power in the household. For example, in decisions concerning what to spend money on, having a son is equivalent to 6 years of formal education. We also show that the presence of a senior member in the household, however, often reduces the women’s household bargaining strength. JEL Classification Codes: J11, J12, J13, D190
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Romdhane, Syrine Ben. "IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES’ INVESTMENTS ON THE PROFITABILITY OF TUNISIAN BANKS: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS." Indian Journal of Finance and Banking 5, no. 2 (2021): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijfb.v5i2.1023.
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This study examines the relationship between Information Technology investment and the profitability of Tunisian banks, via static and dynamic panel regression models. Our study focused on 15 Tunisian banks for 19 years (2001-2019). To assess the profitability of these banks, three measures were used: two traditional accounting ratios and net interest margin. Our research has shown the importance of the role played by IT in Tunisian banks since IT investments improve their profitability. This finding contradicts the “Productivity Paradox” that high IT investments are not associated with better performance. Indeed, Tunisian banks are acting on their size to boost their performance, and the more the banks take the risk by granting more loans, the more profitable they are by increasing their Return on Assets. Finally, public banks are more profitable than private banks when considering their net interest margin.
 JEL Classification Codes: B21, C58, G21, G32, O32.
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Raza, Ali, Muhammad Hassan Shahid, Aimen Tayyab, and Usman Mustafa. "Vulnerability to Climate Change and Socio-Economic Factors: A Comparison of Selected Districts of Punjab." Journal of Quantitative Methods 5, no. 1 (2021): 79–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.29145/2021/jqm/050104.
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This study analyzes ten districts of the province Punjab of Pakistan to investigate and compare the vulnerability of selected districts. Total Three sub-groups (socio-economic variables, adaptive capacity, bio-physical variables) are generated by using the data from Pakistan Social & Living Standard Measurement Survey (PSLM) and Pakistan Meteorological Department of the years 2014-15, to calculate total vulnerability. Using primary variables at the district level, this study determines each district’s rural and urban areas' total vulnerability score. The results show that few districts, e.g., Rawalpindi has 0.74 total vulnerability score out of 1, are highly vulnerable compared to other districts despite having a better socio-economic situation. On the other hand, few districts, like Multan, have a low vulnerability to climate change and socio-economic factors. 
 Keywords: CO2, socio-economic, bio-physical, environment, Vulnerability.
 JEL Classification Codes: Q3, O13, P28.
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Srivastava, Vinay Kumar, and Nitin Kulshrestha. "Portfolio Selection and Performance Evaluation Through Benjamin Graham’s Value Investing." Indian Journal of Finance and Banking 4, no. 2 (2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijfb.v4i2.688.
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Purpose: The objective of this study is to validate the value investing concerning filtering valued stock in the Indian stock market (Nifty 50) & United States (Dow Jones) during the period 2014 -20.
 Design /Methodologies/Approach: We have selected the data of the National Stock Exchange and Dow Jones to apply the value investing technique for choosing the stocks and building a significant portfolio. Further, we compare the mean returns of B & H passive strategy. The empirical analysis includes the selected portfolio from Jan 2014 to May 2020.
 Results & Practical Implication: The mean return of portfolio selected by Value investing outperform as comparative to passive strategy, i.e. Buy & Hold strategy. The successful application of value investing will encourage the practitioners & academicians of financial markets to research & explore further uses & practical impact of the present study.
 JEL Classification Codes: F37.
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Bhuiyan, Abul Bashar, K. M. Anwarul Islam, Abd Halim Mohd Noor, Mohammad Solaiman, and Mohammad Abdur Rahman. "Islamic Bank Safety Net Issues: The Regulatory Challenges for Cross Border Islamic Banking Transactions." International Journal of Islamic Business & Management 4, no. 2 (2020): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijibm.v4i2.840.
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This paper aims to identify major regulatory challenges in the safety net for providing insurances to the depositors in the cross-border transaction over the world. The study found that Islamic banking is facing major challenges to issue appropriate rules and regulations for providing the right safety against the deposit of customers with a conventional counterpart base on the Islamic shariah principles. Especially in the area of “chartering or licensing function, prudential regulation and supervision, deposits in the central bank, intervention and resolution mechanisms and capital adequacy standard” for safety net issues of Islamic Bank. The study recommended that the policymakers need to pay heed in a deliberate and intentional way to solve the above regulatory issues to face the existing challenges for the smooth operation and bright prospect of the Islamic Banking sector in the future.
 JEL Classification Codes: G21, G24, L26, P51.
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Rao, Ananth, Malik AL KHATIB, and Worku B. GENANEW. "Predicting Business Distress Using Neural Network in SME-Arab Region." International Review of Advances in Business, Management and Law 1, no. 1 (2018): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30585/irabml.v1i1.68.
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The paper analyzes the financial and operational measures for Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) business distress for predicting credit worthiness by using panel data of 110 observations from 22 SME companies for a period of 5 years (2009 – 2013). Panel logistic and Neural Network (NN) models are developed as alternative techniques for predicting the business distress. The result suggests that cash cycle, net fixed assets, and leverage ratio are key factors in making credit decisions by lenders. The logistic model overall correctly classified 70 percent while NN framework outperformed the logistic model with 93 percent overall correct classification in training phase, and 83 percent in testing phase. The study opens up potential opportunities for the lending firms to adopt advanced analytical frameworks for predicting distress behavior of business firms.
 Keywords: SME, Business distress, Arab region, Petrochemical sub-sectors, Logit Model, Neural Network. 
 JEL codes: G29, G32
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Azad, Rohit, and Shouvik Chakraborty. "Imperialism of the Twenty-First Century: A Global Tripartite System." Indian Economic Journal 71, no. 1 (2023): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00194662221146645.
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Is imperialism dead? While economists on the Right would readily answer in the affirmative, some even on the Left, like Hardt and Negri, would agree that it is indeed. To be sure, for the latter, global hegemony has taken a different shape, which they call ‘Empire’. But is imperialism, as understood in the classical sense, dead indeed? In varied frameworks of imperialism—world systems, dependency, unequal interdependence—the world has been theorised as constitutive of two parts: capitalist core (global North) and pre/semi-capitalist periphery (global South). This neat classification has been smudged by the emergence of China from the global South as a major economic player in the global economy. We argue its emergence, far from weakening imperialism, is a key factor in explaining today’s imperialism. Imperialism of the twenty-first century constitutes of three, not two, parts—capitalist core, periphery’s core, and periphery’s periphery. JEL Codes: F54; F60
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Urooj, Amena, and Zahid Asghar. "Evaluation of Test Statistics for Detection of Outliers and Shifts." Journal of Quantitative Methods 4, no. 2 (2020): 54–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29145/2020/jqm/040203.
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Existence of outliers and structural breaks having mutually unknown nature, in time series data, offer challenges to data analysts in model identification, estimation and validation. Detection of these outliers has been an important area of research in time series since long. To analyze the impact of these structural breaks and outliers on model identification, estimation and their inferential analysis, we use two data generating processes: MA(1) and ARMA(1,1). The performance of the test statistics for detecting additive outlier(AO), innovative outlier(IO), level shift(LS) and transient change(TC) is investigated using simulation strategy through power of a test, empirical level of significance, empirical critical values, misspecification frequencies and sampling distribution of estimators for the two models. The empirical critical values are found higher than the theoretical cut-off points, empirical power of the test statistics is not satisfactory for small sample size, large cut-off points and large model coefficient. We have explored confusion between LS, AO, TC and IO at different critical values(c) by varying sample size. We have also collected empirical evidence from time series data for Pakistan using 3-stage iterative procedure to detect multiple outliers and structural breaks. We find that neglecting shocks lead to wrong identification, biased estimation and excess kurtosis.
 JEL Classification Codes: C15, C18, C63, C32, C87, C51, C52, C82
 AMS Classification Codes: 62, 65, 91, DI, 62-08, 62J20, 00A72, 91-08, 91-10, 91-11 62P20, 91B82, 91B84, 62M07, 62M09, 62M10, 62M15, 62M20
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DAGO, Guéby Joseph, and Abdourahmane DIAW. "Qualité des institutions et volatilité des investissements directs étrangers en Afrique subsaharienne." Revue d’Economie Théorique et Appliquée 8, no. 1 (2018): 53–70. https://doi.org/10.62519/reta.v8n1a4.
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Résumé : Cet article étudie l’impact de la qualité des institutions sur la volatilité des investissements directs étrangers (IDE) dans 39 pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. Il utilise un modèle estimé en données de panel par les méthodes des moments généralisés en système (GMM-S) et des doubles moindres carrés (DMC) sur la période 2000-2015. Les résultats montrent que la mauvaise qualité du service public et la liberté d’expression sont associées à une augmentation de la volatilité des entrées des IDE. En revanche, l’État de droit produit l’effet inverse. Mots clés : Investissements directs étrangers, institutions, volatilité, données de panel, Afrique subsaharienne Codes JEL : D02 – O43 – P48 - E02 Quality of institutions and volatility of foreign direct investment in Sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: This article examines the impact of quality of institutions on the volatility of foreign direct investment (FDI) in 39 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. It uses a model estimated in panel data by the generalized methods of moments in System (GMM-S) and double least squares (2SL) over the period 2000-2015. Our results show that public service quality and freedom of expression are associated with high volatility in FDI inflows. On the other hand, the rule of law has the opposite effect. Keywords : Foreign direct investment, Institutions, Volatility, Panel data, Sub-Saharan Africa JEL Classification : D02 – O43 – P48 - E02
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LANHA, Magloire. "Essai sur le Partage du Marché Formel du Crédit entre Banques et Institutions de Microfinance." Revue d’Economie Théorique et Appliquée 1, no. 1 (2011): 97–118. https://doi.org/10.62519/reta.v1n1a6.
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Résumé : Cet article propose un modèle de l’architecture financière dans les pays en développement en prenant en compte deux types d’institutions financières (les banques et les institutions de microfinance) et deux paramètres (le niveau de risque a priori des projets et leurs tailles). Deux modèles partiels de court terme sont proposés, puis synthétisés pour concevoir une carte d’architecture financière exhibant des possibilités de zone de chevauchement comme celles de gap architectural. Ces configurations sont prolongées par une analyse de long terme pour prendre en compte les dynamiques du marché formel du crédit. Mots clés : Architecture financière – Monitoring – Taille de prêt – Taux d’usure Codes JEL : D82 – G21 – L11 – 012 – R51 An Essay on the Sharing of the Formal Credit Market between Banks and Microfinance Institutions Abstract: This paper proposes a model of the financial architecture in developing countries, taking into account two types of financial institutions (banks and microfinance institutions) and two parameters (a priori risk level of projects and their sizes). Two shortterm partial models are proposed, and then synthesized to design a financial architectural map showing possibility of overlapping area as those of architectural gap. These configurations are extended by a long-term analysis to take into account the dynamics of the formal credit market. Key words: Financial Architecture – Monitoring – Loan size – Usury law JEL Classification : D82 – G21 – L11 – 012 – R51
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Harjoto, Maretno Agus, Jadallah Jadallah, Indrarini Laksmana, and W. Eric Lee. "CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPORTING: DOES WRITING STYLE MATTER?" International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review 6, no. 1 (2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v6i1.969.
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This study offers an extension of Harjoto, Laksmana and Lee (2020) by presenting a descriptive comparison of gender differences in writing style, and how they impact the choice of words and the readability of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. We examine readability, solidarity, and certainty of CSR reports. We find that female CSR leaders use a writing style that conveys greater solidarity with their audience, thereby making a better connection with the stakeholders. These CSR reports are also more readable than those written by their male counterparts. The attributes of readability and solidarity, but not certainty, are in turn positively related to future CSR performance. In comparison, for CSR reports issued by male signers, we find a writing style that conveys greater certainty, which is in turn positively associated with the firms’ future financial performance. Overall, findings show that writing style of CSR reports is an important issue for both firms and investors to consider.
 JEL Classification Codes: M4, Q5, Z1.
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Lajmi, Azhaar, Wided Khiari, and Oumaima Ouertani. "LEGAL AUDIT QUALITY AND FRAUD RISK: THE CASE OF TUNISIAN LISTED COMPANIES." International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review 6, no. 2 (2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v6i2.1039.
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The aim of this study is to examine the impact of legal audit quality on the likelihood of accounting fraud, for a sample of 48 companies listed on the Tunisian stock market over the period between 2014 and 2018. Based on the logit panel regression, we have shown that the audit firm's membership in one of the Big networks and the rotation of external auditors are two major determinants in the reduction of cases of fraud in Tunisian companies. In addition, the results showed that joint audit deteriorates the quality of auditing and thus increases the risk of fraud. This study provides new insights in terms of legal audit and fraud risk in the Tunisian context based on the econometrics of panel data, which is a valuable method to measure the impact of several actions alone or simultaneously. It has allowed us to analyze the behaviors of companies by considering the effect of many proxies of legal audit quality.
 JEL Classification Codes: G32, M42, C23.
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Riyazahmed, K., and Gunja Baranwal. "DETERMINANTS OF CREDIT RISK." International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review 6, no. 1 (2021): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v6i1.1005.
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This study aims to empirically examine the impact of managerial effectiveness on the credit risk of the Indian public and private sector banks. We consider the return on assets as a proxy for managerial effectiveness and gross non-performing assets (GNPA) to total advances as a proxy for credit risk. The study uses fixed effects and dynamic panel data models to examine the impact. The econometric model estimations suggest a negative impact of return on assets on credit risk. Further, we analyze the impact of return on assets by the information of microeconomic and macro-economic variables in dynamic generalized methods of moments (GMM) approach. The results remain the same after using dynamic GMM modelled with lagged credit risk and lagged return on assets. Further, the effect of macroeconomic variables such as repo rate and reverse repo rate confirms the theory. Heterogeneity checks at regions and sector levels substantiate the robustness of results.
 JEL Classification Codes: G20, G21.
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Jaswal, Anshuman, and Bhavna Ranjan Ahuja. "Unconventional US Monetary Policy: Impact on the Indian Economy." Indian Economic Journal 68, no. 4 (2020): 535–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466221998627.
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This article examines the impact of the US Quantitative Easing (QE) on the Indian economy. Against the backdrop of indications of economic slowdown worldwide and developing countries lowering the interest rates and restarting the treasury purchases, it aims to understand the influence US QE had on Indian economy and how it will impact way forward. Macroeconomic variables pertaining to India and the USA were examined from September 2008 to June 2019 (fortnightly data) using the vector error correction method model. It was found that the influence of the US monetary base on the Indian money supply was far more as compared to the US policy rate. Overall, the impact of QE on the Indian economy has not been as large as on the other economies of the world due to regular RBI intervention in terms of interest rates, exchange rates and other active monetary policy measures. JEL Classification Codes: E44, E52, E58, F32, O16
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Sajith, G. G., and K. Malathi. "Applicability of Human Development Index for Measuring Economic Well-being: A Study on GDP and HDI Indicators from Indian Context." Indian Economic Journal 68, no. 4 (2020): 554–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466221998620.
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The tracking of gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of well-being of the society or human-being has been debated by many researchers and economists (Elizabeth, 2007; Abhinav, 2014; Deb, 2015 ) There are many deficiencies in tracking GDP as the economic development indicator, as it does not capture the inequality or true development of Human-being. Noted economist Mehbub ul Haq’s human development project defined a composite matrix which captures the life expectancy, education and per capita indicators in one matrix. This was developed to track as a development indicator of human welfare. In the previous studies, the GDP or GDP per capita was regressed with the Human Development Index (HDI) composite index and indicated a direct correlation between the two variables. However, this article examines the contribution of the income component in the HDI index by recalculating the composite matrix. This article also qualitatively examines the ability of HDI index to measure the human development parameters. JEL Classification Codes: E01, I12, O1
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Winifred Chinyere, Uchendu, and Osman Nuri Aras. "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Nigerian Exports." Journal of Social Research and Behavioral Sciences 8, no. 15 (2022): 222–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/jsrbs.8.15.16.
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Abstract The paper set out to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Nigerian exports. The Coronavirus was first detected in Wuhan, China but it quickly spread around the world and was declared a global pandemic on 11th March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Various disruptive preventive public health policies were rolled out to control its spread. These policies and the severity of the negative health effects of the virus affected the global economic activities including Nigeria adversely. Using an Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression and variation analyses, the paper found that the pandemic impacted negatively on total exports but more significantly on crude oil exports and less on non-crude oil and non-oil exports. The results reinforce the generally held view that Nigeria needs to diversify its exports away from crude oil so as to minimize the impact of negative external shocks on Nigerian exports and economy. Keywords: Exports, International trade, COVID-19 pandemic, Nigeria. JEL Classification Codes: F10, I10.
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Hossain, Md Sajib, and Muhammad Saifuddin Khan. "POST‐IPO OPERATING PERFORMANCE IN BANGLADESH." International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review 7, no. 1 (2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v7i1.1149.
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This study attempts to investigate the change in the operating performance of firms as they go from private to public ownership. Using the data of all the non-financial firms, which floated initial public offerings (IPOs) from 2008 to 2015, this study finds that there is a significant decline in operating performance as measured by ROA, asset turnover, ROS, and OCFTA after the IPO and the decline continues for next two to three years with the highest deterioration of operating performance being observed in the immediate next year of IPO. Moreover, when the study uses age, debt ratio, sales, capital expenditure, and IPO event to explain the variation of the operating performance of IPO firms over time, it finds that IPO event negatively affects all measures of operating performance. Finally, the study finds that deterioration of the post-IPO operating performance is more pronounced for firms offering their securities with premium than firms offering securities without premium. 
 JEL Classification Codes: G11, G12, G32.
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Brahmanandam, N., and R. Nagarajan. "The Transition in Household Energy Use for Cooking in India: Evidence from a Longitudinal Survey." Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 15, no. 4 (2021): 433–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09738010211036259.
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This article seeks to assess the transition in household energy use for cooking in India based on data from two rounds of the India Human Development Survey in 2004–2005 and 2011–2012. In this study, we have used the multinomial logistic regression and Multiple Classification Analysis conversion model to assess the transition in household energy use according to the socio-economic characteristics of households. Our findings suggest that although the transition from solid fuel to clean fuel is universal across households, it is greater among the socio-economically better-off households than their poorer counterparts. The use of solid fuel for cooking was more prevalent among the socio-economically disadvantaged households than among their socio-economically better-off counterparts in both 2004–2005 and 2011–2012. Convergence in clean cooking fuel use across the households can be possible only when socio-economically disadvantaged households progress faster than their already better-off counterparts. JEL Codes: B5, C23, D31, I3, Q5
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Franz, Wan-Ju Iris. "Hedonic and Utilitarian Motivations behind Shopping and Research Behaviors: Theory and Evidence." International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics 3, no. 3 (2014): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.2014070102.
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Using a simple theoretical model, this paper demonstrates that an individual's behavior is greatly influenced by her hedonic and utilitarian values of a task. While hedonic value is the intrinsic benefit one receives from performing a task (e.g., having fun playing the game), utilitarian value is the tangible reward one obtains from performing the task (e.g., winning the prize). Utilitarian value of a task outlasts its hedonic value. An individual with high utilitarian value but low hedonic value of a task is likely to stop performing that task once she receives a tangible reward. By contrast, an individual who garners high hedonic value of a task will continue performing that task to obtain more hedonic value. The survey reveals that most individuals agree that the utilitarian value of shopping outlasts its hedonic value. Regression results demonstrate that consumers with high hedonic value of shopping are more likely to exhibit traits of shopaholism than those with low hedonic value in shopping. JEL classification codes: D01, D03, J2.