Journal articles: 'Jerk'

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Laczko, Jozsef, Slobodan Jaric, Jozsef Tihanyi, Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky, and Mark L. Latash. "Components of the End-Effector Jerk during Voluntary Arm Movements." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 16, no. 1 (February 2000): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.16.1.14.

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Jerk (time derivative of acceleration) of the endpoint of a multi-joint kinematic chain can be represented as the sum of terms related to jerks, accelerations, and velocities in individual joints. We investigated the relative contribution of these terms during simulations of planar movement of a 3-segment kinematic chain and also during unconstrained movements at different velocities, over different amplitudes, and with different intentionally changed curvature. Our results demonstrate that the term related to individual joint jerks dominates in the total endpoint jerk. This domination was particularly strong during voluntary movements and was not as striking during the simulations based on 5th-order polynomial functions for individual joint trajectories. Thus, the minimum-jerk criterion for multi-joint movements can be well approximated by minimization of the jerk-related terms for individual joints. The decomposition of endpoint jerk into its terms shows potential limitations of the commonly used 5th-order polynomial modeling for describing voluntary multi-joint movements.

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Wang, Z., S. Panahi, A. J. M. Khalaf, S. Jafari, and I. Hussain. "Synchronization of chaotic jerk systems." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 20 (August 5, 2020): 2050189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220501891.

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Chaotic jerk oscillators belong to the simplest chaotic systems. These systems try to model the behavior of dynamical systems efficiently. Jerk oscillators can be known as the most general systems in science, especially physics. It has been proved that every dynamical system expressed with an ordinary differential equation is able to describe as a jerky system in particular conditions. One of its main topics is investigating the collective behavior of chaotic jerk oscillators in the dynamical network. In this paper, the synchronizability of the identical network of jerk oscillators is examined in three different coupling configurations, which are velocity, acceleration, and jerk coupling, and the results are compared with each other.

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Ahmad, Ejaz, and Iljoong Youn. "Performance Improvement during Attitude Motion of a Vehicle Using Aerodynamic-Surface-Based Anti-Jerk Predictive Controller." Sensors 23, no. 12 (June 19, 2023): 5714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125714.

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This study presents the effectiveness of an anti-jerk predictive controller (AJPC) based on active aerodynamic surfaces to handle upcoming road maneuvers and enhance vehicle ride quality by mitigating external jerks operating on the body of the vehicle. In order to eliminate body jerk and improve ride comfort and road holding during turning, accelerating, or braking, the proposed control approach assists the vehicle in tracking the desired attitude position and achieving a realistic operation of the active aerodynamic surface. Vehicle speed and upcoming road data are used to calculate the desired attitude (roll or pitch) angles. The simulation results are performed for AJPC and predictive control strategies without jerk using MATLAB. The simulation results and comparison based on root-mean-square (rms) values show that compared to the predictive control strategy without jerk, the proposed control strategy significantly reduces the effects of vehicle body jerks transmitted to the passengers, improving ride comfort without degrading vehicle handling at the cost of slow desired angle tracking.

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Khanyile, S. L., and E. Nahayo. "Geomagnetic jerks observed in geomagnetic observatory data over southern Africa between 2017 and 2023." South African Journal of Geology 127, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.127.0019.

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Abstract Geomagnetic jerks are jumps observed in the second derivative of the main magnetic field that occur on annual to decadal timescales. Understanding these jerks is crucial as they provide valuable insights into the complex dynamics of the Earth’s outer liquid core. In this study, we investigate the occurrence of geomagnetic jerks in geomagnetic observatory data collected at southern African magnetic observatories, Hermanus (HER), Tsumeb (TSU), Hartebeesthoek (HBK) and Keetmanshoop (KMH) between 2017 and 2023. The observatory data was processed and analysed by retaining quiet night-time data recorded during quiet geomagnetic activities with the help of planetary K (Kp), Disturbance storm time (Dst) and ring current (RC) indices. Results confirm the occurrence of 2019 to 2020 geomagnetic jerk in the region, and identify the recent 2021 jerk detected with V-shaped secular variation changes in X and Z components at all four observatories. The highest estimated 2021 jerk secular acceleration amplitudes in X and Z components were found at HBK, 12.7 nT/year2 and 19.1 nT/year2, respectively. Notably, the global CHAOS-7 model aptly identifies this 2021 jerk in the Z component at all magnetic observatories in the region.

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Aghazadeh, Farzad, Bin Zheng, Mahdi Tavakoli, and Hossein Rouhani. "Motion Smoothness-Based Assessment of Surgical Expertise: The Importance of Selecting Proper Metrics." Sensors 23, no. 6 (March 15, 2023): 3146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063146.

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The smooth movement of hand/surgical instruments is considered an indicator of skilled, coordinated surgical performance. Jerky surgical instrument movements or hand tremors can cause unwanted damages to the surgical site. Different methods have been used in previous studies for assessing motion smoothness, causing conflicting results regarding the comparison among surgical skill levels. We recruited four attending surgeons, five surgical residents, and nine novices. The participants conducted three simulated laparoscopic tasks, including peg transfer, bimanual peg transfer, and rubber band translocation. Tooltip motion smoothness was computed using the mean tooltip motion jerk, logarithmic dimensionless tooltip motion jerk, and 95% tooltip motion frequency (originally proposed in this study) to evaluate their capability of surgical skill level differentiation. The results revealed that logarithmic dimensionless motion jerk and 95% motion frequency were capable of distinguishing skill levels, indicated by smoother tooltip movements observed in high compared to low skill levels. Contrarily, mean motion jerk was not able to distinguish the skill levels. Additionally, 95% motion frequency was less affected by the measurement noise since it did not require the calculation of motion jerk, and 95% motion frequency and logarithmic dimensionless motion jerk yielded a better motion smoothness assessment outcome in distinguishing skill levels than mean motion jerk.

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Hirose, James, Atsushi Nishikawa, Yosuke Horiba, Shigeru Inui, and Todd C. Pataky. "Integrated jerk as an indicator of affinity for artificial agent kinematics: laptop and virtual reality experiments involving index finger motion during two-digit grasping." PeerJ 8 (September 15, 2020): e9843. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9843.

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Uncanny valley research has shown that human likeness is an important consideration when designing artificial agents. It has separately been shown that artificial agents exhibiting human-like kinematics can elicit positive perceptual responses. However the kinematic characteristics underlying that perception have not been elucidated. This paper proposes kinematic jerk amplitude as a candidate metric for kinematic human likeness, and aims to determine whether a perceptual optimum exists over a range of jerk values. We created minimum-jerk two-digit grasp kinematics in a prosthetic hand model, then added different amplitudes of temporally smooth noise to yield a variety of animations involving different total jerk levels, ranging from maximally smooth to highly jerky. Subjects indicated their perceptual affinity for these animations by simultaneously viewing two different animations side-by-side, first using a laptop, then separately within a virtual reality (VR) environment. Results suggest that (a) subjects generally preferred smoother kinematics, (b) subjects exhibited a small preference for rougher-than minimum jerk kinematics in the laptop experiment, and that (c) the preference for rougher-than minimum-jerk kinematics was amplified in the VR experiment. These results suggest that non-maximally smooth kinematics may be perceptually optimal in robots and other artificial agents.

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Plisk, Steven S. "Jerk." Strength and Conditioning Journal 24, no. 4 (August 2002): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00126548-200208000-00011.

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Zhao, Jiangying, Yongbiao Hu, Chengshuo Liu, Mingrui Tian, and Xiaohua Xia. "Spline-Based Optimal Trajectory Generation for Autonomous Excavator." Machines 10, no. 7 (July 3, 2022): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10070538.

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In this paper, we propose a novel trajectory generation method for autonomous excavator teach-and-plan applications. Rather than controlling the excavator to precisely follow the teaching path, the proposed method transforms the arbitrary slow and jerky trajectory of human excavation into a topologically equivalent path that is guaranteed to be fast, smooth and dynamically feasible. This method optimizes trajectories in both time and jerk aspects. A spline is used to connect these waypoints, which are topologically equivalent to the human teaching path. Then the trajectory is reparametrized to obtain the minimum time-jerk trajectory with the kinodynamic constraints. The optimal time-jerk trajectory generation method is both formulated using nonlinear programming and conducted iteratively. The framework proposed in this paper was integrated into a complete autonomous excavation platform and was validated to achieve aggressive excavation in a field environment.

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Gómez-Aguilar, J. F., J. Rosales-García, R. F. Escobar-Jiménez, M. G. López-López, V. M. Alvarado-Martínez, and V. H. Olivares-Peregrino. "On the Possibility of the Jerk Derivative in Electrical Circuits." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9740410.

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A subclass of dynamical systems with a time rate of change of acceleration are called Newtonian jerky dynamics. Some mechanical and acoustic systems can be interpreted as jerky dynamics. In this paper we show that the jerk dynamics are naturally obtained for electrical circuits using the fractional calculus approach with order γ. We consider fractional LC and RL electrical circuits with 1⩽γ<2 for different source terms. The LC circuit has a frequency ω dependent on the order of the fractional differential equation γ, since it is defined as ω(γ)=ω0γγ1-γ, where ω0 is the fundamental frequency. For γ=3/2, the system is described by a third-order differential equation with frequency ω~ω03/2, and assuming γ=2 the dynamics are described by a fourth differential equation for jerk dynamics with frequency ω~ω02.

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Seo, Ji Hwan, Seong Kyung Kwon, and Kyoung-Dae Kim. "A discrete-time linear model predictive control for motion planning of an autonomous vehicle with adaptive cruise control and obstacle overtaking." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 8 (August 2022): 168781322211198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221119899.

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Motion planners for autonomous driving improve traffic safety through collision-free motion generation along the path. However, conventional motion planners render passengers uncomfortable as a result of jerky motion. To overcome this, we propose a model predictive control (MPC) based motion planner that not only ensures safety but also improves driving comfort. The proposed planner generates path tracking and collision-free maneuvers to ensure safety, and improve driving comfort by minimizing acceleration and jerk. Collision-free maneuvers include vehicle following and overtaking. The target speed is determined by comprehensively considering path tracking performance improvement and whether overtaking is possible. The speed of the vehicle is controlled by considering longitudinal acceleration and jerk minimization. The steering command is determined by considering both path tracking error reduction, and lateral acceleration and jerk minimization. In cases where vehicle overtaking is required and during high-speed driving conditions, the consideration of lateral acceleration and jerk minimization increases to improve driving comfort. The proposed planner is formulated as a convex optimization problem. The effectiveness of the proposed planner was evaluated in path tracking and collision avoidance simulations. The simulation results confirm that the proposed planner ensures vehicle safety through lane keeping and collision avoidance, and improves driving comfort.

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Semak, Matthew R., Jeremiah Schwartz, and Gary Heise. "Examining Human Unipedal Quiet Stance: Characterizing Control through Jerk." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2020 (January 4, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5658321.

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We investigated the quality of smoothness during human unipedal quiet stance. Smoothness is quantified by the time rate of change of the accelerations, or jerks, associated with the motion of the foot and can be seen as an indicative of how controlled the balance process is. To become more acquainted with this as a quantity, we wanted to establish whether or not it can be modeled as a (stationary) stochastic process and, if so, explore its temporal scaling behavior. Specifically, our study focused on the jerk concerning the center-of-pressure (COP) for each foot. Data were collected via a force plate for individuals attempting to maintain upright posture using one leg (with eyes open). Positive tests for stochasticity allowed us to treat the time series as a stochastic process and, given this, we took the jerk to be proportional to the increment of the force realizations. Detrended fluctuation analysis was the primary tool used to explore the scaling behavior. Results suggest that both the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior components of the jerk display persistent and antipersistent correlations which can be modeled by fractional Gaussian noise over three different temporal scaling regions. Finally, we discussed certain possible implications of these features such as a jerk-based control over the force on the foot’s COP.

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Gallardo-Alvarado, J. "Jerk distribution of a 6–3 Gough-Stewart platform." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 217, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146441903763049469.

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This paper is devoted to forward and inverse jerk analyses, by means of screw theory, of a Gough-Stewart platform with special topology, namely type 6–3. Given a set of generalized coordinates, and their time derivatives, the reduced jerk state or, for brevity, the jerkor of the moving platform, with respect to the fixed platform, is easily obtained by taking advantage of the properties of the Klein form, a bilinear symmetric form of the Lie algebra, e(3). Finally, the joint rate jerks of the parallel manipulator are found, expressing in screw form the jerkor of the moving platform with respect to the fixed platform. A numerical example is provided.

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Teoh, Ai Ni, and Livia Kriwangko. "Humility and Competence: Which Attribute Affects Social Relationships at Work?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 14, 2022): 5969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105969.

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Between likability and competence, people value likable colleagues (regardless of their competence level) more than competent colleagues. If humility replaces competence, the preference might be different since humility is not always associated with positive outcomes. Humility and competence form four archetypes: humble star, humble fool, competent jerk, and incompetent jerk. This study examined the personal and professional preferences for these archetypes in the workplace and how the preference is moderated by colleagues’ seniority. There were 475 working adults aged between 21 and 77 (M = 40.34, SD = 11.32) recruited to complete an online survey. While humble fools were more likable than competent jerks in personal interactions, competent jerks received more cooperation than humble fools in professional interactions. Seniority did not affect these findings. Our findings shed light on whether, and when, humility should be highly valued in organizational settings. Promoting humility in the workplace setting might require more caution.

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14

Sandin, T. R. "The jerk." Physics Teacher 28, no. 1 (January 1990): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2342925.

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Vaidyanathan, Sundarapandian, Sifeu Takougang Kingni, Aceng Sambas, Mohamad Afendee Mohamed, and Mustafa Mamat. "A New Chaotic Jerk System with Three Nonlinearities and Synchronization via Adaptive Backstepping Control." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (August 24, 2018): 1936. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.15378.

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Jerk systems are popular in mechanical engineering and chaotic jerk systems are used in many applications as they have simple structure and complex dynamic properties. In this work, we report a new chaotic jerk system with three nonlinear terms. Dynamical properties of the chaotic jerk system are analyzed through equilibrium analysis, dissipativity, phase portraits and Lyapunov chaos exponents. We show that the new chaotic jerk system has a unique saddle-focus equilibrium at the origin. Thus, the new chaotic jerk system has a self-excited strange attractor. Next, global chaos synchronization of a pair of new chaotic jerk systems is successfully achieved via adaptive backstepping control.

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Sambas, Aceng, Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan, Irene M. Moroz, Babatunde Idowu, Mohamad Afendee Mohamed, Mustafa Mamat, and W. S. Mada Sanjaya. "A simple multi-stable chaotic jerk system with two saddle-foci equilibrium points: analysis, synchronization via backstepping technique and MultiSim circuit design." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 2941. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp2941-2952.

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<span>This paper announces a new three-dimensional chaotic jerk system with two saddle-focus equilibrium points and gives a dynamic analysis of the properties of the jerk system such as Lyapunov exponents, phase portraits, Kaplan-Yorke dimension and equilibrium points. By modifying the Genesio-Tesi jerk dynamics (1992), a new jerk system is derived in this research study. The new jerk model is equipped with multistability and dissipative chaos with two saddle-foci equilibrium points. By invoking backstepping technique, new results for synchronizing chaos between the proposed jerk models are successfully yielded. MultiSim software is used to implement a circuit model for the new jerk dynamics. A good qualitative agreement has been shown between the MATLAB simulations of the theoretical chaotic jerk model and the MultiSIM results</span>

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Vaidyanathan, Sundarapandian, Alain Soup Tewa Kammogne, Esteban Tlelo-Cuautle, Cédric Noufozo Talonang, Bassem Abd-El-Atty, Ahmed A. Abd El-Latif, Edwige Mache Kengne, et al. "A Novel 3-D Jerk System, Its Bifurcation Analysis, Electronic Circuit Design and a Cryptographic Application." Electronics 12, no. 13 (June 26, 2023): 2818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132818.

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This paper introduces a new chaotic jerk system with three cubic nonlinear terms. The stability properties of the three equilibrium points of the proposed jerk system are analyzed in detail. We show that the three equilibrium points of the new chaotic jerk system are unstable and deduce that the jerk system exhibits self-excited chaotic attractors. The bifurcation structures of the proposed jerk system are investigated numerically, showing period-doubling, periodic windows and coexisting bifurcations. An electronic circuit design of the proposed jerk system is designed using PSPICE. As an engineering application, a new image-encryption approach based on the new chaotic jerk system is presented in this research work. Experimental results demonstrate that the suggested encryption mechanism is effective with high plain-image sensitivity and the reliability of the proposed chaotic jerk system for various cryptographic purposes.

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Bruzzone, Luca, and Daniele Stretti. "Application of Elliptic Jerk Motion Profile to Cartesian Space Position Control of a Serial Robot." Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (May 1, 2023): 5601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095601.

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The paper discusses the application of a motion profile with an elliptic jerk to Cartesian space position control of serial robots. This motion profile is obtained by means of a kinematic approach, starting from the jerk profile and then calculating acceleration, velocity and position by successive integrations. Until now, this profile has been compared to other motion laws (trapezoidal velocity, trapezoidal acceleration, cycloidal, sinusoidal jerk, modified sinusoidal jerk) considering single-input single-output systems. In this work, the comparison is extended to nonlinear multi-input multi-output systems, investigating the application to Cartesian space position control of serial robots. As case study, a 4-DOF SCARA-like architecture with elastic balancing is considered; both an integer-order and a fractional-order controller are applied. Multibody simulation results show that, independently of the controller, the behavior of the robot using the elliptic jerk profile is similar to the case of adopting the sinusoidal jerk and modified sinusoidal jerk laws, but with a slight reduction in the position error (−3.8% with respect to the sinusoidal jerk law and −0.8% with respect to the modified sinusoidal jerk law in terms of Integral Square Error) and of the control effort (−8.2% with respect to the sinusoidal jerk law and −1.3% with respect to the modified sinusoidal jerk law in terms of Integral Control Effort).

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Vaidyanathan, Sundarapandian. "A novel 3-D jerk chaotic system with three quadratic nonlinearities and its adaptive control." Archives of Control Sciences 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 19–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acsc-2016-0002.

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This paper announces an eight-term novel 3-D jerk chaotic system with three quadratic nonlinearities. The phase portraits of the novel jerk chaotic system are displayed and the qualitative properties of the jerk system are described. The novel jerk chaotic system has two equilibrium points, which are saddle-foci and unstable. The Lyapunov exponents of the novel jerk chaotic system are obtained as L1= 0.20572,L2= 0 and L3= −1.20824. Since the sum of the Lyapunov exponents of the jerk chaotic system is negative, we conclude that the chaotic system is dissipative. The Kaplan-Yorke dimension of the novel jerk chaotic system is derived as DKY= 2.17026. Next, an adaptive controller is designed via backstepping control method to globally stabilize the novel jerk chaotic system with unknown parameters. Moreover, an adaptive controller is also designed via backstepping control method to achieve global chaos synchronization of the identical jerk chaotic systems with unknown parameters. The backstepping control method is a recursive procedure that links the choice of a Lyapunov function with the design of a controller and guarantees global asymptotic stability of strict feedback systems. MATLAB simulations have been depicted to illustrate the phase portraits of the novel jerk chaotic system and also the adaptive backstepping control results.

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Youn, Iljoong, and Ejaz Ahmad. "Anti-Jerk Optimal Preview Control Strategy to Enhance Performance of Active and Semi-Active Suspension Systems." Electronics 11, no. 10 (May 23, 2022): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11101657.

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This study aims to demonstrate how to compute the damping coefficient of a continuously variable damper for semi-active preview control suspensions while considering the sprung-mass jerk and the controller’s performance advantage. Optimal control theory is used to derive and validate the proposed preview approach to future road disturbances. Despite reduced body acceleration, semi-active suspensions with preview control display an increase in body jerk, implying that ride comfort may not be improved in practice. The optimal preview jerk controller for a semi-active system, on the other hand, can improve ride comfort without degrading road holding by minimizing the performance index that comprises the RMS value of jerk in addition to the RMS values of other outputs. The anti-jerk preview control suspension simulations considering frequency characteristics reveal a difference between suspension systems that consider jerk and those that ignore jerk. The time-domain simulations suggest that the proposed preview control strategy effectively to reduce body jerk, which other controllers cannot.

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Vaidyanathan, Sundarapandian, Ahmad Taher Azar, Ibrahim A. Hameed, Khaled Benkouider, Esteban Tlelo-Cuautle, Brisbane Ovilla-Martinez, Chang-Hua Lien, and Aceng Sambas. "Bifurcation Analysis, Synchronization and FPGA Implementation of a New 3-D Jerk System with a Stable Equilibrium." Mathematics 11, no. 12 (June 8, 2023): 2623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11122623.

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This research paper addresses the modelling of a new 3-D chaotic jerk system with a stable equilibrium. Such chaotic systems are known to exhibit hidden attractors. After the modelling of the new jerk system, a detailed bifurcation analysis has been performed for the new chaotic jerk system with a stable equilibrium. It is shown that the new jerk system has multistability with coexisting attractors. Next, we apply backstepping control for the synchronization design of a pair of new jerk systems with a stable equilibrium taken as the master-slave chaotic systems. Lyapunov stability theory is used to establish the synchronization results for the new jerk system with a stable equilibrium. Finally, we show that the FPGA design of the new jerk system with a stable equilibrium can be implemented using the FPGA Zybo Z7-20 development board. The design of the new jerk system consists of multipliers, adders and subtractors. It is observed that the experimental attractors are in good agreement with simulation results.

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He, Haoxiang, Ruifeng Li, and Kui Chen. "Characteristics of Jerk Response Spectra for Elastic and Inelastic Systems." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/782748.

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Jerk is the time rate of acceleration and mainly represents the nonstationary component in high frequency band of the earthquake wave. The study on jerk and its response spectra can enhance the recognition of the nonstationary ground motion. The mechanical meaning and research value of jerk are described. Jerk is recommended to be solved by establishing state-space equations and Runge-Kutta method. The solution method of elastic and inelastic jerk response spectra under ground motion is established, and the accurate jerk spectrum should be calculated directly according to numerical computing instead of pseudo-acceleration spectrum. The characteristics of jerk response spectra are studied according to the influencing factors, such as site condition, amplification factor, ductility factor, and reduction factor. The concept of impact reduction factor is presented. The statistical results show that the jerk spectrum has similar rules as the acceleration spectrum, and the amplitude is relative to the predominant period, especially for structures with short or medium period. If the ductility is improved, the effective jerk will reduce obviously, and the impact reduction factor will be enhanced. Different from the strength reduction factor, the impact reduction factor is nearly not relevant to the period.

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Yashiro, K., T. Yamauchi, M. Fujii, and K. Takada. "Smoothness of Human Jaw Movement during Chewing." Journal of Dental Research 78, no. 10 (October 1999): 1662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345990780101201.

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Human limb movements are successfully modeled based on the assumption that the central nervous system controls the movements by maximizing movement smoothness. Movement smoothness is quantified by means of a time integral of squared jerk (jerk-cost), where jerk is defined as the rate of change in acceleration. This study was performed to investigate whether the control of human masticatory vertical jaw movements can also be explained by a minimum-jerk (maximum-smoothness) model. Based on the assumption that minimum-jerk models account for vertical jaw-opening and -closing movements during chewing, the actual time profile of the movement trajectory was simulated by the model. The simulated jerk-costs and peak velocities were compared with those obtained by actual measurements of jaw movements during chewing. Jerk-costs and peak velocities of the jaw movements during chewing were significantly correlated with those predicted by minimum-jerk models (P < 0.0001, r between 0.596 and 0.799). The minimum-jerk models predicted closing movement trajectories more accurately than opening movement trajectories (jaw opening, root-mean-square error = 1.19 mm; jaw closing, 0.52 mm, t = 4.375, P < 0.0001). The results indicated that the vertical jaw movement control during chewing was represented by the minimum-jerk control model and that the vertical jaw-closing movement is smoother than the opening movement during gum-chewing.

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Vaidyanathan, Sundarapandian. "A new 3-D jerk chaotic system with two cubic nonlinearities and its adaptive backstepping control." Archives of Control Sciences 27, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 409–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acsc-2017-0026.

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AbstractThis paper presents a new seven-term 3-D jerk chaotic system with two cubic nonlinearities. The phase portraits of the novel jerk chaotic system are displayed and the qualitative properties of the jerk system are described. The novel jerk chaotic system has a unique equilibrium at the origin, which is a saddle-focus and unstable. The Lyapunov exponents of the novel jerk chaotic system are obtained as L1= 0:2974, L2= 0 and L3= −3:8974. Since the sum of the Lyapunov exponents of the jerk chaotic system is negative, we conclude that the chaotic system is dissipative. The Kaplan-Yorke dimension of the new jerk chaotic system is found as DKY= 2:0763. Next, an adaptive backstepping controller is designed to globally stabilize the new jerk chaotic system with unknown parameters. Moreover, an adaptive backstepping controller is also designed to achieve global chaos synchronization of the identical jerk chaotic systems with unknown parameters. The backstepping control method is a recursive procedure that links the choice of a Lyapunov function with the design of a controller and guarantees global asymptotic stability of strict feedback systems. MATLAB simulations are shown to illustrate all the main results derived in this work.

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Fujiyoshi, Motohiro, Yutaka Nonomura, Fumihito Arai, and Toshio Fukuda. "Analysis and Design of A New Micro Jerk Sensor with Viscous Coupling." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 15, no. 6 (December 20, 2003): 582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2003.p0582.

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A new method for jerk detection (derivative of acceleration) is proposed. By using a 2 degrees of freedom (DOF) model with viscous coupling, we measure jerk directly as a position change in mass without differential circuit. Analysis by numerical formulas show the principle of the proposed jerk detection and simulation results show suitable parameters such as viscosity, mass ratio, and spring coefficient ratio for jerk detection. We also propose a micro jerk sensor based on the micro electro mechanical system (MEMS). Results of analysis show that the microstructure is suitable for the proposed viscous coupling.

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Vaidyanathan, Sundarapandian, Christos Volos, Viet-Thanh Pham, Kavitha Madhavan, and Babatunde A. Idowu. "Adaptive backstepping control, synchronization and circuit simulation of a 3-D novel jerk chaotic system with two hyperbolic sinusoidal nonlinearities." Archives of Control Sciences 24, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 375–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acsc-2014-0022.

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Abstract In this research work, a six-term 3-D novel jerk chaotic system with two hyperbolic sinusoidal nonlinearities has been proposed, and its qualitative properties have been detailed. The Lyapunov exponents of the novel jerk system are obtained as L1 = 0.07765,L2 = 0, and L3 = −0.87912. The Kaplan-Yorke dimension of the novel jerk system is obtained as DKY = 2.08833. Next, an adaptive backstepping controller is designed to stabilize the novel jerk chaotic system with two unknown parameters. Moreover, an adaptive backstepping controller is designed to achieve complete chaos synchronization of the identical novel jerk chaotic systems with two unknown parameters. Finally, an electronic circuit realization of the novel jerk chaotic system using Spice is presented in detail to confirm the feasibility of the theoretical model

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Nguazon, Tekou, Tekou Nguekeng, Robert Tchitnga, and Anaclet Fomethe. "Simple finite-time sliding mode control approach for jerk systems." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 2019): 168781401882221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018822211.

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This article describes an easy way to apply active control upon all jerk systems for which the linear part of the third-order differential jerk equation strongly depends on acceleration and velocity. The kernel of that methodology is to rewrite the jerk equation as a single implicit first-order differential equation escorted with a sliding variable. It is shown that, for such a jerk class, the fast terminal sliding convergence based on Lyapunov stability is achieved with a first-order sigmoid sliding surface. Various numerical simulations have been conducted on Sprott simple jerk class as well as on the single op-amp jerk system. For experiment, we synchronize two Sprott circuits with nonlinearity being the absolute value of position. Experimental results match well with numerical simulations.

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Rajagopal, Karthikeyan, Sifeu Takougang Kingni, Gaetan Fautso Kuiate, Victor Kamdoum Tamba, and Viet-Thanh Pham. "Autonomous Jerk Oscillator with Cosine Hyperbolic Nonlinearity: Analysis, FPGA Implementation, and Synchronization." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2018 (September 17, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7273531.

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A two-parameter autonomous jerk oscillator with a cosine hyperbolic nonlinearity is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the stability of equilibrium points of proposed autonomous jerk oscillator is investigated by analyzing the characteristic equation and the existence of Hopf bifurcation is verified using one of the two parameters as a bifurcation parameter. By tuning its two parameters, various dynamical behaviors are found in the proposed autonomous jerk oscillator including periodic attractor, one-scroll chaotic attractor, and coexistence between chaotic and periodic attractors. The proposed autonomous jerk oscillator has period-doubling route to chaos with the variation of one of its parameters and reverse period-doubling route to chaos with the variation of its other parameter. The proposed autonomous jerk oscillator is modelled on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and the FPGA chip statistics and phase portraits are derived. The chaotic and coexistence of attractors generated in the proposed autonomous jerk oscillator are confirmed by FPGA implementation of the proposed autonomous jerk oscillator. A good qualitative agreement is illustrated between the numerical and FPGA results. Finally synchronization of unidirectional coupled identical proposed autonomous jerk oscillators is achieved using adaptive sliding mode control method.

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29

Buscarino, Arturo, Luigi Fortuna, and Mattia Frasca. "The Jerk Dynamics of Chua's Circuit." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 24, no. 06 (June 2014): 1450085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127414500850.

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In this paper, the dynamics of Chua's circuit in jerk form is presented. It is proved that two forms of Chua's circuit in jerk dynamics can be derived. The electronic circuit of the simpler dynamics has been implemented. The link between Chua's circuit and the search for simple jerk circuits has been established, therefore, proposing complex dynamics (like that of Chua's circuit) in jerk form.

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30

Roscoe, Martin. "Blinkered Knee Jerk." Probation Journal 33, no. 3 (September 1986): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026455058603300320.

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31

Plisk, Steven S. "EXERCISE TECHNIQUES: Jerk." Strength and Conditioning Journal 24, no. 4 (2002): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/1533-4295(2002)024<0035:j>2.0.co;2.

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32

Barrett, Geoff. "Jerk-Locked Averaging." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 9, no. 4 (October 1992): 495–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004691-199210000-00004.

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33

Greenemeier, Larry. "Knee-Jerk Power." Scientific American 298, no. 4 (April 2008): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0408-34c.

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34

Luzader, Stephen. "What a Jerk!" Physics Teacher 26, no. 7 (October 1988): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2342559.

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35

O'Brien, M. D., and JohnP Pryor. "Ankle jerk assessment." Lancet 345, no. 8945 (February 1995): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90327-5.

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36

Sandin, T. R. "The jerk redux." American Journal of Physics 62, no. 9 (September 1994): 775–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.17456.

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37

de la Torre, Jack. "Knee-Jerk Dogma." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 206, no. 4 (April 2008): 762–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2008.01.026.

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38

Kim, Seung-Ho, Jae-Chul Park, Jun-Sic Park, and Irvin Oh. "Painful Jerk Test." American Journal of Sports Medicine 32, no. 8 (December 2004): 1849–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546504265263.

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39

Pierce, Kyle. "Clean & Jerk." Strength and Conditioning Journal 21, no. 3 (June 1999): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00126548-199906000-00010.

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40

Van Dam, Jared, Kyle Tanous, Matt Werner, and Joseph L. Gabbard. "Calculating and Analyzing Angular Head Jerk in Augmented and Virtual Reality: Effect of AR Cue Design on Angular Jerk." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 28, 2021): 10082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110082.

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In this work, we propose a convenient method for evaluating levels of angular jerk in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). Jerk is a rarely analyzed metric in usability studies, although it can be measured and calculated easily with most head-worn displays and can yield highly relevant information to designers. Here, we developed and implemented a system capable of calculating and analyzing jerk in real-time based on orientation data from an off-the-shelf head-worn display. An experiment was then carried out to determine whether the presence of AR user interface annotations results in changes to users’ angular head jerk when conducting a time-pressured visual search task. Analysis of the data indicates that a decrease in jerk is significantly associated with the use of AR augmentations. As noted in the limitations section, however, the conclusions drawn from this work should be limited, as this analysis method is novel in the VR/AR space and because of methodological limitations that limited the reliability of the jerk data. The work presented herein considerably facilitates the use of jerk as a quick component measure of usability and serves as an initial point off which future research involving jerk in VR and AR can be performed.

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41

Ahmad, Ejaz, and Iljoong Youn. "Performance Improvement of a Vehicle Equipped with Active Aerodynamic Surfaces Using Anti-Jerk Preview Control Strategy." Sensors 22, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 8057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22208057.

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This paper presents a formulation of a preview optimal control strategy for a half-car model equipped with active aerodynamic surfaces. The designed control strategy consists of two parts: a feed-forward controller to deal with the future road disturbances and a feedback controller to deal with tracking error. An anti-jerk functionality is employed in the design of preview control strategy that can reliably reduce the jerk of control inputs to improve the performance of active aerodynamic surfaces and reduce vehicle body jerk to enhance the ride comfort without degrading road holding capability. The proposed control scheme determines proactive control action against oncoming potential road disturbances to mitigate the effect of deterministically known road disturbances. The performance of proposed anti-jerk optimal control strategy is compared with that of optimal control without considering jerk. Simulation results considering frequency and time domain characteristics are carried out using MATLAB to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The frequency domain characteristics are discussed only for the roll inputs, while time domain characteristics are discussed for the corresponding ground velocity inputs of bump and asphalt road, respectively. The results show that using anti-jerk optimal preview control strategy improves the performance of vehicle dynamics by reducing jerk of aerodynamic surfaces and vehicle body jerk simultaneously.

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42

Yan, Jin H., Richard N. Hinrichs, V. Gregory Payne, and Jerry R. Thomas. "Normalized Jerk: A Measure to Capture Developmental Characteristics of Young Girls' Overarm Throwing." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 16, no. 2 (May 2000): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.16.2.196.

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This study was designed to examine Ihe developmental differences in the speed and smoothness of arm movement during overarm throwing. The second purpose of this investigation was to evaluate whether jerk is a useful measure in understanding children's overarm throwing. Fifty-one girls, aged 3 to 6 years, voluntarily participated in the study. Each subject threw tennis balls as hard as she could toward a large target on the wall. A 2-camera video system was used to obtain 3-D coordinates of the hand and ball using the DLT algorithm. The variables of velocity and jerk (for the hand and ball) served as the movement outcome measures. The age-associated differences in velocity and normalized jerk (absolute jerk standardized relative to movement time and distance) were examined by ANOVAs. The results supported the hypothesis that the older subjects demonstrated faster and smoother hand movements than their younger counterparts during the forward acceleration phase (from the beginning of forward motion to ball release). In addition, the correlation results indicated thai increased hand movement speed was associated with decreased movement jerk in older subjects, whereas increased hand speed was associated with increased jerk in younger subjects. The findings suggest that examining the jerk parameter (normalized or absolute jerk) is a useful and alternative approach to capture the variance of hand movement execution for children's overarm throwing.

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43

Zhao, Guo Yong, Yu Gang Zhao, and Rong Guo Hou. "Research on Motion Profile Smooth Control Algorithm Based on Continuous Jerk." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 2002–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.2002.

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Motion profile smooth control is significant to reduce the obvious impact on machine tool in high speed and high accuracy CNC machining. However, the jerk is discontinuous and brings about flexible impact on machine tool in the linear Acceleration/Deceleration (ab. Acc/Dec), exponent Acc/Dec and S curve Acc/Dec approach. In the paper, the CNC machine tool dynamic model is built up to analyze the cause of machine impact, to describe the mathematics and physics meanings of jerk. Then a new Acc/Dec approach in which the jerk is continuous is put forward. And the motion profile smooth control algorithm based on continuous jerk is developed in details according to the permissible maximum acceleration, the permissible maximum jerk, the machining program segment displacement and the instruction feedrate. The motion profile smooth control algorithm can achieve continuous jerk, reduce impact on machine tool effectively, and be important to high speed and high accuracy CNC machining.

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44

Vaidyanathan, Sundarapandian, Esteban Tlelo-Cuautle, Khaled Benkouider, Aceng Sambas, and Brisbane Ovilla-Martínez. "FPGA-Based Implementation of a New 3-D Multistable Chaotic Jerk System with Two Unstable Balance Points." Technologies 11, no. 4 (July 11, 2023): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies11040092.

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Mechanical jerk systems have applications in several areas, such as oscillators, microcontrollers, circuits, memristors, encryption, etc. This research manuscript reports a new 3-D chaotic jerk system with two unstable balance points. It is shown that the proposed mechanical jerk system exhibits multistability with coexisting chaotic attractors for the same set of system constants but for different initial states. A bifurcation analysis of the proposed mechanical jerk system is presented to highlight the special properties of the system with respect to the variation of system constants. A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of the proposed mechanical jerk system is given by synthesizing the discrete equations that are obtained by applying one-step numerical methods. The hardware resources are reduced by performing pipeline operations, and, finally, the paper concludes that the experimental results of the proposed mechanical jerk system using FPGA-based design show good agreement with the MATLAB simulations of the same system.

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45

Ahmadian, Mehdi, Xubin Song, and Steve C. Southward. "No-Jerk Skyhook Control Methods for Semiactive Suspensions." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 126, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1805001.

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This paper presents two alternative implementations of skyhook control, named “skyhook function” and “no-jerk skyhook,” for reducing the dynamic jerk that is often experienced with conventional skyhook control in semiactive suspension systems. An analysis of the relationship between the absolute velocity of the sprung mass and the relative velocity across the suspension are used to show the damping-force discontinuities that result from the conventional implementation of skyhook control. This analysis shows that at zero crossings of the relative velocity, conventional skyhook introduces a sharp increase (jump) in damping force, which, in turn, causes a jump in sprung-mass acceleration. This acceleration jump, or jerk, causes a significant reduction in isolation benefits that can be offered by skyhook suspensions. The alternative implementations of skyhook control included in this study offer modifications to the formulation of conventional skyhook control such that the damping force jumps are eliminated. The alternative policies are compared to the conventional skyhook control in the laboratory, using a base-excited semiactive system that includes a heavy-truck seat suspension. An evaluation of the damping force, seat acceleration, and the electrical currents supplied to a magnetorheological damper, which is used for this study, shows that the alternative implementations of skyhook control can entirely eliminate the damping-force discontinuities and the resulting dynamic jerks caused by conventional skyhook control.

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46

Rout, Amruta, Deepak BBVL, Bibhtui Bhusan Biswal, and Golak B. Mahanta. "Trajectory Generation of an Industrial Robot With Constrained Kinematic and Dynamic Variations for Improving Positional Accuracy." International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing 12, no. 3 (July 2021): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijamc.2021070107.

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The joint trajectory of the robot needs to be computed in an optimal manner for proper torch orientation, smooth travel of the robot along the trajectory path. This can be achieved by limiting the travel time, kinematic and dynamic variations of the robot joints like the jerks, and torque induced in the joints in the travel of the robot. As the objectives of total travel time and joint jerk and torque rate are contradictory functions, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) approach has been used to obtain the pareto front consisting of optimal solutions. The fuzzy membership function has been used to obtain the optimal solution from the pareto front with best trade-off between objectives for further optimal trajectory generation. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that the proposed approach can be effectively used for optimal trajectory planning of Kawasaki RS06L industrial manipulator with minimal jerk, torque rate, and total travel time for smooth travel of robot with higher positional accuracy.

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47

Hayati, Hasti, David Eager, Ann-Marie Pendrill, and Hans Alberg. "Jerk within the Context of Science and Engineering—A Systematic Review." Vibration 3, no. 4 (October 21, 2020): 371–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vibration3040025.

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Rapid changes in forces and the resulting changes in acceleration, jerk and higher order derivatives can have undesired consequences beyond the effect of the forces themselves. Jerk can cause injuries in humans and racing animals and induce fatigue cracks in metals and other materials, which may ultimately lead to structure failures. This is a reason that it is used within standards for limits states. Examples of standards which use jerk include amusement rides and lifts. Despite its use in standards and many science and engineering applications, jerk is rarely discussed in university science and engineering textbooks and it remains a relatively unfamiliar concept even in engineering. This paper presents a literature review of the jerk and higher derivatives of displacement, from terminology and historical background to standards, measurements and current applications.

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48

Apartis, E., and L. Vercueil. "To jerk or not to jerk: A clinical pathophysiology of myoclonus." Revue Neurologique 172, no. 8-9 (August 2016): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2016.07.013.

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49

Xu, Changjin, Maoxin Liao, Peiluan Li, Lingyun Yao, Qiwen Qin, and Youlin Shang. "Chaos Control for a Fractional-Order Jerk System via Time Delay Feedback Controller and Mixed Controller." Fractal and Fractional 5, no. 4 (December 5, 2021): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract5040257.

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In this study, we propose a novel fractional-order Jerk system. Experiments show that, under some suitable parameters, the fractional-order Jerk system displays a chaotic phenomenon. In order to suppress the chaotic behavior of the fractional-order Jerk system, we design two control strategies. Firstly, we design an appropriate time delay feedback controller to suppress the chaos of the fractional-order Jerk system. The delay-independent stability and bifurcation conditions are established. Secondly, we design a suitable mixed controller, which includes a time delay feedback controller and a fractional-order PDσ controller, to eliminate the chaos of the fractional-order Jerk system. The sufficient condition ensuring the stability and the creation of Hopf bifurcation for the fractional-order controlled Jerk system is derived. Finally, computer simulations are executed to verify the feasibility of the designed controllers. The derived results of this study are absolutely new and possess potential application value in controlling chaos in physics. Moreover, the research approach also enriches the chaos control theory of fractional-order dynamical system.

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Meng, Qinghai, Bowen Hou, Dong Li, Zhangming He, and Jiongqi Wang. "Performance Analysis and Comparison for High Maneuver Target Track Based on Different Jerk Models." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2018 (June 11, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6432485.

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The Jerk model is widely used for the track of the maneuvering targets. Different Jerk model has its own state expression and is suitable to different track situation. In this paper, four Jerk models commonly used in the maneuvering target track are advanced. The performances of different Jerk models for target track with the state variables and the characters are compared. The corresponding limit conditions in the practical applications are also analyzed. Besides, the filter track is designed with UKF algorithm based on the four different models for the high-maneuvering target. The simplified dynamic model is used to gain the standard trajectory with Runge-Kutta numerical integration method. The mathematical simulations show that Jerk model with self-adaptive noise variance has the best robustness while other models may diverge when the initial error is much larger. If the process noise level is much lower, the track accuracy for four Jerk models is similar and stationary in the steady track situation, but it will be descended greatly in the much highly maneuvering situation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Jerk'

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