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Journal articles on the topic 'Jesuits – History – 16th century'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

Hosne, Ana Carolina. "Disruptive Foreigners or Welcomed Guests from Afar?" Historical Interactions of Religious Cultures 2, no. 1-2 (2025): 147–71. https://doi.org/10.1628/hirec-2025-0008.

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This article examines the presence of Jesuit missionaries on Chinese soil in the seventeenth century in light of two major historical dichotomies throughout Chinese history, i. e. the Hua-yi and the Zheng-xie. The former, in general terms, differentiated the Hua華- the »Chinese« – from foreign populations, the yi夷, since preimperial times. In the 16th century it also involved the Jesuits status of »foreigners« in late Ming China. The Zheng-xie dichotomy could refer to religious movements and doctrines, marking the distinction between the Confucian, »orthodox« teachings (zheng正) and the »heterod

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Truong, Anh Thuan, and Van Sang Nguyen. "A comparison of the missionary method and cultural integration of Jesuits: A study in China and Vietnam during the 16th and 17th centuries." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 36, no. 2 (2020): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2020.216.

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From the end of the 16 th century to the beginning of the 17 th century, under the direction of the archdiocese in Macao (China), Jesuit missionaries set foot in China and Vietnam in turn to preach the Gospel and convert believers in these two countries. The main reason for the success of the Jesuits was the use of appropriate missionary methods and advocating proper cultural integration in each country. However, due to the different paradigm of historical development in China and Vietnam, and especially due to disagreement about the perception and behavior of indigenous culture among the Jesu

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3

Matava, R. J. "A Sketch of the Controversy de auxiliis." Journal of Jesuit Studies 7, no. 3 (2020): 417–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00703004.

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In the 16th century, the Dominicans and the Jesuits engaged in a polarized theological debate about how God can move the human will in a way that neither compromises human free choice nor makes God the author of moral evil. This debate, called the “controversy de auxiliis,” was never resolved. In 1607, Pope Paul v decreed that neither side was heretical and forbade further publishing on the issue without his explicit permission. This article explains the main theological points of the various Dominican and Jesuit actors, the human factors that contributed to the debate, and the reasons why thi

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Dubrovskaya, Dinara V. "From Marco Polo’s Cathay to Matteo Ricci’s Sinae: Why China Is Called This Way." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 3 (2023): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080025616-4.

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The paper discusses the reasons that led to the identification of China in Europe as a country described by Venetian merchant Marco Polo under the name “Cathay” (formerly a silk-producing country, with which the Roman Empire indirectly traded). Based on the observa-tions and notes of travelers and diplomats, at the end of the 16th century the Jesuits put for-ward a hypothesis about the correspondence of the semi-mythical Kingdom of Prester John, Cathay and Sinae, as European travelers called southern Ming China. The task was solved by the Portuguese Jesuit traveler Bento de Góis (1562–1607), w

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5

Winzeler, Christoph. "„Im Namen Gottes des Allmächtigen!“." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung 102, no. 1 (2016): 419–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26498/zrgka-2016-0117.

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Abstract „In the Name of God the Almighty!“, Swiss constitutional law on religions - balancing and apeacing in historic tradition. From the 16th century onwards, the Reformation and its consequences have influenced the development of the Swiss Confederation. During the late Middle Ages, the Confederation had been struggling to find its way as a system of treaties within a growing number of Cantons. The Reformation divided the Cantons in two ‚camps‘, both trying to defeat each other on the battlefield, which resulted in four successive Peace Treaties (‚Landfriedensbünde‘). 1847 there was a last

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Truong, Anh Thuan, and Thi Vinh Linh Nguyen. "Trade Activities and the Spread of Christianity by Portugal: Port of Faifo (Vietnam)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, no. 1 (2022): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2022.109.

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In the 16th and 17th centuries, Faifo (Hoi An, Quang Nam province) emerged as one of the busiest international trading ports in Southeast Asia in general and in Vietnam in particular. At the same time, in Europe, Portugal and its formidable navy discovered a new maritime route to Asia. Using this knowledge, the Portuguese became one of the first Western states to explore this part of the world and laid the foundation for trade and missionary activities in a number of different countries and locations there. Among them, Faifo (in Vietnam) was a notable example. In fact, for almost a century (fr

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Salmon, Vivian. "Missionary linguistics in seventeenth century Ireland and a North American Analogy." Historiographia Linguistica 12, no. 3 (1985): 321–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.12.3.02sal.

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Summary Accounts of Christian missionary linguists in the 16th and 17th centuries are usually devoted to their achievements in the Americas and the Far East, and it is seldom remarked that, at the time when English Protestant missionaries were attempting to meet the challenge of unknown languages on the Eastern seaboard of North America, their fellow missionary-linguists were confronted with similar problems much nearer home – in Ireland, where the native language was quite as difficult as the Amerindian speech with which John Eliot and Roger Williams were engaged. Outside Ireland, few histori

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Terneus, A., and A. Gioda. "In search of colonial El Niño events and a brief history of meteorology in Ecuador." Advances in Geosciences 6 (February 2, 2006): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-6-181-2006.

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Abstract. This study shows a brief overview of the development of meteorology in Ecuador from historical documentation of climatic events in the Colonial era through to modern data collection. In the colonial era (16th century-1824), historical documents of rogation ceremonies and municipal proceedings, from the Quito area, provide a rich source of climate information, including El Niño events. Our preliminary findings show that very few of the historically documented catastrophes and other marked environmental events in Quito match known El Niño episodes. Independently, the first meteorologic

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9

Benfatto, Miriam. "The Work of Isaac Ben Abraham Troki (16th Century)." Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus 17, no. 1-2 (2019): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455197-01701006.

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The Jewish anti-Christian polemical literature includes in its arguments the figure of Jesus of Nazareth, since one of its main goals is to discredit certain attributes of the Christian Messiah. This literature, however, has been so far almost completely overlooked in the Leben-Jesu-Forschung. The present paper draws attention to the figure of Jesus that can be seen in the famous text of Isaac ben Abraham Troki, the Sefer Hizzuq Emunah (end of the 16th century), whose controversial deconstruction of the Christological figure of Jesus allows us to discover a particular type of historical constr

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Taylor, Larissa Juliet, and A. Lynn Martin. "Plague? Jesuit Accounts of Epidemic Disease in the 16th Century." Sixteenth Century Journal 30, no. 1 (1999): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2544981.

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Druzdiev, Oleg. "Preconditions for the Establishment of the Facility of the Society of Jesus in Lviv." Kyivan Academy, no. 18 (June 3, 2022): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/1995-025x.2021.18.33-47.

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The article describes the preconditions for the establishment of the collegium of the Society of Jesus in Lviv in the second half of the 16th century. By analyzing the existing sources and studies on the history of the Jesuit order, it is relatively easy to notice a significant bias in favour of studying their educational activities. At the same time, almost no studies exist which could illustrate the development of the facility itself in the context of the events of those times. Hence, there is a great number of terminological and factual inconsistencies, as well as the interpretation of Jesu

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Županov, Ines. ""One Civility, But Multiple Religions": Jesuit Mission Among St. Thomas Christians in India (16th-17th Centuries)." Journal of Early Modern History 9, no. 3 (2005): 284–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006505775008473.

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AbstractThe encounter between the Jesuit missionaries and the St. Thomas Christians or Syrian Christians in Kerala in the second part of the sixteenth century was for both sides a significant opening to different cultural beliefs and routines. An important and understudied outcome of this encounter, documented here on the Jesuit side, was the possibility of accepting religious plurality, at least within Christianity. The answers to the questions of how to deal with religious diversity in Christianity and globally, oscillated between demands for violent annihilation of the opponents and cultura

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Żukowska, Justyna. "The History of Lutheranism from The Perspective of Jan Poszakowski." Resovia Sacra 28 (December 31, 2021): 819–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52097/rs.2021.819-841.

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The article presents the genesis and spread of Lutheranism in Europe as perceived by the Jesuit and historian Jan Poszakowski. This scholar was the author of several historical and theological works. One of them, entitled The Lutheran History, describes in detail the successive stages of the Reformation movement, specifically Lutheranism, in individual European countries. The author begins his History of Lutheran from the 16th century, but also refers in some fragments of his work to earlier eras, ending with the Thirty Years’ War.

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Dubrovskaya, Dinara V. "Inscription No. 494 from the Temple of Toutuo as Prototype of the Inscription on the “Nestorian Monument” from Xi’an, 781 (Preliminary Notes)." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 4 (2022): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080020543-4.

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The article seeks to further research the method of adaptation used by ‘imported’ schools of thought to adjust to Chinese ethical, political, philosophical and religious teachings and practices. The author does so by comparing two epigraphic monuments: A lost inscription by the secular Buddhist enthusiast Wang Jin (5th century) from the Chinese Buddhist temple Toutuo (Dhuta) and the well-known inscription on the so-called “Nestorian monument” from Xi’an (Chang’an) of the Tang Dynasty, which is more than three centuries younger than the first inscription. The author shows that the compiler of t

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Pintér, Márta Zsuzsanna. "In memoriam Kilián István." Theatron 15, no. 3 (2021): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.55502/the.2021.3.198.

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This obituary commemorates a scholar who dedicated his entire career to the research of 16th-18th century Hungarian drama and theatre history. István Kilián created a research team that formed significant international connections so that the results of Hungarian scholarship could take their rightful place within a European context. István Kilián led the work of the research team for almost forty years, he compiled multiple theatre history databases concerning Minorite, Piarist and Jesuit school theatre traditions, and published dozens of old Hungarian plays in Hungarian and Latin.

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Alabrús Iglesias, Rosa Maria. "Les Universitats i la seva història. Algunes reflexions." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 15 (June 10, 2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.15.17562.

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Resum: En aquest article es fa un estat de la qüestió sobre la història de la Universitats amb un estudi comparatiu de les Universitats de la Corona d’Aragó i, en particular, de les catalanes, amb les Universitats castellanes. S’examina la problemàtica institucional amb les tensions entre l’Església, la Monarquia i els Municipis pel control universitari, la població estudiantil, l’oferta cultural, en les diverses Facultats, l’estructura econòmica, la càrrega docent i la presumpta «revolució educativa» des de la segona meitat de segle xvi. S’analitza, d’altra banda, el període de la decadència

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17

Ell, Stephen R. (Stephen Robert),. "Book Review: Plague?: Jesuit Accounts of Epidemic Disease in the 16th Century." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 72, no. 2 (1998): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.1998.0089.

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18

Ivanov, Vitaly. "The formation of the ontological concept of the “status of things” in the beginning of the 16th – the first half of the 17th centuries Jesuit metaphysics and theology." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 15, no. 2 (2021): 716–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2021-15-2-716-744.

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This article is a study of a new type of metaphysics that arose within the tradition of scholastic philosophy and theology of the Jesuits by the middle of the 17th century. The article describes the opposition of the traditional and new understanding of scholastic metaphysics on the example of Fr. Suárez and S. Izquierdo. The formation of the ontological concept of "status of things" is identified as one of the key conditions and signs of this transformation of metaphysics. First, the formation of this concept is explored in the scholastic tradition preceding Izquierdo, namely in Fonseca, Suár

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Köhler, Piotr. "Duchowni w historii botaniki w Polsce." Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki 68, no. 2 (2023): 19–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.014.17876.

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Clerical persons conducted a variety of botanical research in Poland and Polish lands. The purpose of this article is to describe their achievements in this field of science. No comprehensive study of the clergy’s contribution to the development of this branch of science has been made so far. The study is based on the biographies of botanists and amateur botanists from The Biographical Dictionary of Polish Botanists which is being prepared for publication. The Dictionary comprises 1,773 biographies, including 69 clerical persons. Among these 69 people, the largest group form Catholic priests (

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20

Grošelj, Nada. "Two 17th century Jesuit plays in Ljubljana inspired by English literature." Acta Neophilologica 37, no. 1-2 (2004): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.37.1-2.61-71.

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Jesuit teachers, whose members came to Ljubljana in the late 16th century, placed great emphasis on the production and staging of the school drama. Despite the domination of religious themes, the range of its subject matter was wide and varied. The article discusses two plays which derived their subject matter from English literature, namely from Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People and Holinshed's Historie of Britain.The texts themselves are lost, but in the case of the Holinshed-inspired work (a version of the King Lear story), a detailed synopsis has been preserved. The artic

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21

Strohm, Christoph. "Religion und Recht in der Frühen Neuzeit." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung 102, no. 1 (2016): 283–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.26498/zrgka-2016-0112.

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Abstract Religion and Law in the Early Modern history. The devaluation of the canon law by Protestant Reformers promoted the system-oriented presentations of law based on Roman law. Also in ius publicum there is a significant majority of Protestant authors. The situation differs from natural law and law of nations where the discourse of the 16th century was broadly determined by Catholic authors, specifically by the so called Spanish late scholasticism. In the Spanish empire fundamental works on natural law and law of nations were created. This came to an end in consequence of a „re-theologisa

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Stepanova, Iuliia Vladimirovna. "Geography of land ownership in Belsky District in the 16th-17th centuries: GIS reconstruction." Историческая информатика, no. 1 (January 2025): 190–208. https://doi.org/10.7256/2585-7797.2025.1.73990.

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The article presents the results of a study of the previously unexplored history of land ownership in the volosts of Belaya – an important region on the Russian-Lithuanian border in the 14th to 17th centuries. The subject of the research is the geography of land ownership, including its distribution, sizes, ratio of different types, and developed land. The sources of the study were the census books of the Belsky district from the second half of the 17th century and the act materials from the first half of the 17th century – the Polish period in the history of Belaya. These sources contain info

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Císařová Smítková, Alena. "Malý náhled do světa sběratelů kuriozit v 16.–18. století." Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 67, no. 1-2 (2022): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/amnpsc.2022.009.

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The origins of collecting are as old as humanity itself, and practically anything can be collected. In the 16th century, it became fashionable to collect natural peculiarities with the aim to create so-called cabinets of curiosities. The owners were distinguished and wealthy people with high social status and scholars. The most important and largest collections were owned by Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria at Ambras Castle and Emperor Rudolf II in Prague. The cabinets of the Danish physician Ole Worm and the German Jesuit Athanasius Kircher were also prominent. The first comprehensive study o

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Ferrão, R. Benedito. "(Un)Seeing Goa’s Bom Jesus in Vishvesh Prabhakar Kandolkar’s This is Not the Basilica!" Imaginations: Journal of Cross-Cultural Image Studies 14, no. 1 (2023): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17742/image29666.

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This article examines the interrogation of visual history associated with Goan church architectural legacies offered by Vishvesh Prabhakar Kandolkar’s installation series, This is Not the Basilica! (2021). The artist’s subject is the 16th-century Basilica of Bom Jesus, which was built in locally domesticated Baroque style during Goa’s Portuguese colonial era and which houses the remains of the Spanish saint, Francis Xavier. Kandolkar’s work makes viewers intimate with the Basilica’s history, I contend, so as to posit the need for conservation efforts that will save the deteriorating church whi

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Pandžić, Zvonko. "Von Coimbra nach Tobol’sk." Historiographia Linguistica 44, no. 1 (2017): 72–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.44.1.03pan.

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Summary Worldwide missionary activities from the 16th century onward were not limited to the New World and overseas in general, but also in East Central Europe in the wake of sectarian struggles following the Reformation. Soon after the Tridentine Council (1545–1563), the Jesuits spread their activities to all countries between the Baltic and Adriatic Seas. Not only Catholic but also Lutheran and Calvinist missionaries went to Poland-Lithuania, Hungary, Slovenia, and other countries. The first Polish grammar (Statorius 1568) was published principally for the Calvinist mission in Poland, while

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Piscos, James Lotero. "“Humanizing the Indios” Early Spanish missionaries’ struggles for natives’ dignity: Influences and impact in 16th Century Philippines." Bedan Research Journal 7, no. 1 (2022): 158–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.58870/berj.v7i1.36.

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Spanish conquest in the New World has two sides, evangelization, and colonization. The former was carried by the missionaries who were heavily influenced by Bartolome de Las Casa and Vitoria, while the latter by conquistadores, the defenders of the conquest. Early missionaries fought for the dignity of the Indios where they clashed with the motives of the conquistadores to exploit human resources. The problematic part was they have to work under the Spanish crown where their point of contact was also their area for friction. When they arrived in the Philippines, that social solidarity and dyna

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TROPIA, Anna. "From Paris to Gotha: The Circulation of Two Parisian Jesuit Courses between the 16th and the 17th century." Mediterranea. International Journal on the Transfer of Knowledge 4 (March 31, 2019): 75–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/mijtk.v4i0.11470.

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This article traces back the history of a collection of manuscript academic course-notes taken by a German student at the end of the sixteenth century and today preserved at the Research Library of Gotha (Thuringien, Germany). It focuses, in particular, on two of them, which transmit texts dictated in Paris: they testify to the large circulation of academic doctrines through the practice of the copy of the course-notes by students.

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Ivanov, Vitaly. "The constitution of physics and the certainty of mathematics in the 16th century scholastic philosophy." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 14, no. 1 (2020): 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2020-14-1-143-163.

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Traditionally, it is believed that one of the most important phenomena in the history of "new" science, i.e. the science of Early Modern times, is the emergence of mathematical natural science. However, in the 16th century the status of physics and mathematics within the framework of scientific knowledge was far from being so unambiguous. In this article, we consider and analyze the arguments of the late Peripatetic author of the late 16th century – the learned Jesuit Benedict Pereira – in favor of his thesis about "non-scientific character" of mathematical disciplines. These arguments focus n

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TRUONG, Anh Thuan. "The Attitude of The Chinese and Vietnamese Ruling Class Towards Western Astronomy From the 16th to the 18th Centuries." Asian Studies 12, no. 1 (2024): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2024.12.1.307-321.

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From the 16th century to the 18th century, in order to realize the goal of promoting its propaganda and strengthening the influence of Christianity in China and Vietnam, Western missionaries, especially Jesuit missionaries, applied the method of “missionary academic” and “missionary bibliography” thoroughly, effectively and creatively. As a result, Western science and technology in general, and astronomy in particular, were gradually introduced into these two countries. The ruling class in China and Vietnam still had a few critical and negative reactions to such moves, but in general openness

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Libório, Luiz Alencar, and Ana Cristina de Lima Moreira. "MARIA: SIMPLESMENTE A MÃE DE JESUS / MARY: THE MOTHER OF JESUS." PARALELLUS Revista de Estudos de Religião - UNICAP 8, no. 18 (2017): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.25247/paralellus.2017.v8n18.p327-340.

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A história do Brasil é marcada pela presença do credo católico trazido pelos colonizadores portugueses e jesuítas que tiveram a missão de catequizar os índios mesmo que pela imposição. A fé católica tornou-se a tônica do século XVI, onde índios e negros conheceram as imagens dos santos e santas e, em sua maioria eram as Nossas Senhoras. Esse fato contribuiu para que até os dias atuais a devoção a Maria seja muito forte nos quatro cantos do Brasil, no aspecto Teológico e na religiosidade popular. A história não apresenta dados relevantes sobre Maria. Porém, os evangelhos nos apresentam como a M

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Parina, Elena, and Lara Geinitz. "Val i May Ysgrifenedig: Derivatives with Suffix -edig in Three Early Modern Welsh Texts." Studia Celto-Slavica 11 (2020): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.54586/gywe1514.

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The association of Latin and English past participles with Welsh derivatives with the suffix -edig has a long tradition. In the analysis of the texts of Oxford, Jesus College MS. 119 (The Book of the Anchorite of Llanddewi Brefi (Llyfr yr Ancr), dated 1346), Parina and Poppe found that for the translated texts we can compare with an assumed Latin source about two thirds of edig-derivatives correspond to Latin past passive participles (see Parina & Poppe (forthcoming)). As our research moved on towards the 16th century, we were interested in trends in the usage of edig-derivatives in this l

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Saenkova, Elena. "A Newfound Icon “Sophia the Wisdom of God with Miracle-Working Icons of the Mother of God” of the Late 17th — Early 18th Century: Aspects of the Iconographic Programme." ISTORIYA 12, no. 5 (103) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015810-0.

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The article discusses the unique theological programme of an icon painted in the town of Vologda at the turn of the 17th to the 18th century. The icon combines the image of Sophia the Wisdom of God with the miraculous icons of the Mother of God: “The Lamenting Virgin”, “Our Lady of Georgia”, “The Virgin Eleousa” and “Our Lady of the Kievan Caves”. The image of Sophia the Wisdom of God has a number of significant differences from the classical iconography that became widespread in the Russian art of the 16th and 17th centuries: there is no image of Jesus Christ and the figure of the fiery-faced

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Russell, Paul A. "Plague? Jesuit Accounts of Epidemic Disease in the 16th Century. By A. Lynn Martin. Kirksville, Mo.: Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, 1996. xvi + 268 pp. $35.00." Church History 66, no. 1 (1997): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3169660.

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De Caro, Antonio. "From the Altar to the Household. The Challenging Popularization of Christian Devotional Images, Objects, and Symbols in 16th and 17th Century China." Eikon / Imago 11 (March 1, 2022): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/eiko.77135.

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After the expeditions of wealthy merchants and Franciscan missionaries during the 14th century, the Chinese empire under Ming rule did not engage profusely with the European world, and vice versa. This period of artistic and intellectual silence and detachment was broken in the late 16th century when the Jesuit missionaries reconnected two worlds –Europe and China– reactivating previous medieval commercial, artistic, and intellectual routes. Silk –the product par excellence commercialized along the routes connecting China and Europe– was then accompanied by other precious products, including C

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Ani Margaryan. "The General Image of the Armenian Merchant Projected Through the Sino-Armenian Socio-cultural Relations and the Case Study of the Revival of Merchant Traditional Costume." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 29s (2025): 48–57. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i29s.4446.

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Armenian communities have had a notable historical presence in various regions of China since the 16th century, with particularly thriving settlements in Canton, Macao, Shanghai, and Hong Kong. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Armenians in China occupied influential positions, receiving endorsement from Chinese authorities. Their impact on Chinese society and East-West commerce is evidenced through their active promotion and patronage of Chinese-manufactured visual art objects. Notably, Jesuit preachers seeking unrestricted access to the country adopted Armenian attire as a strategic approa

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Sutri, Yerlin Vinni, and Bobby Kurnia Putrawan. "The History of the Reformation of the Church in the 16th Century and Its Influence on the Church Today." Journal of Religious and Socio-Cultural 2, no. 2 (2021): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46362/jrsc.v2i2.84.

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The history of the reformation of the church is a very long and very memorable history for the church. The Reformation was an attempt by the reformers to return the church to biblical authority. The life of the church before the reformation was very far from the truth of the Bible, where church leaders carried out deviations and heretical teachings. Many church leaders take advantage of their position to gain profit, for example the sale of a pardon. Luther invited people at that time to turn to the true teachings of the Bible. Outside of Martin Luther, there were also reformers who continued

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Montanari, Riccardo. "The Art of the Jesuit Mission in 16th-Century Japan: The Italian Painter Giovanni Cola and the Technological Transfer at the Painting Seminario in Arie." Eikon / Imago 11 (March 1, 2022): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/eiko.76742.

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The Jesuit Mission in Japan was characterized by the establishment of the first painting Seminario in the Far East supervised by the Italian Jesuit Painter Giovanni Cola, who arrived in Nagasaki from Rome in 1583. The activity of the painting school focused on the production of sacred images needed for the Missionaries' evangelization effort, and it soon became a hub of Renaissance technology. European pigments were made available to Japanese and Chinese painters who trained at the Jesuit facility. New archaeometric studies have enabled to present in this work, for the first time, a renewed in

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Veselin, Goranchev. "ПОСОЛСКИЯТ ПРИКАЗ И НЕГОВАТА ДЕЙНОСТ ПРИ АДМИНИСТРИРАНЕТО НА ПОСЕЩЕНИЯТА НА ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛИ НА ПРАВОСЛАВНИЯ ИЗТОК В РУСИЯ ПРЕЗ XVII ВЕК// THE AMBASSADORIAL PRIKAZ AND ITS ROLE IN MANAGING THE VISITS OF THE ORTHODOX EAST'S REPRESENTATIVES IN RUSSIA DURING THE 17th CENTURY". JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL AND ARCHEOLOGICAL RESEARCH: RENAISSANCE. EARLY MODERN AND MODERN HISTORY 1, ISNN 1314-748X (2022): 81–105. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6509800.

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In its first part, this publication presents general information about the ambassadorial prikaz. It is a part of the so-called Prikaz System in Russia, whose nascency date back to the end of the 15th and the beginning of the 16th century, and has existed for more than 200 years. During its existence, the ambassadorial prikaz carried out various tasks, the main one being the conduct of the foreign affairs of the Russian state. It was closed with the liquidation of the Prikaz System in the early 18th century. The second and main part of the publication discusses the activities of the ambassadori

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Ostrówka, Małgorzata, and Ewa Golachowska. "Polszczyzna na Mohylewszczyźnie – przeszłość i stan obecny (raport z badań terenowych)." Acta Baltico-Slavica 36 (July 26, 2015): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2012.010.

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Polish language in the Mohylew region – the past and present (the report on field research)The research in the Mohylew region is a continuation of research concerning the language of Catholics in former North-Eastern Borderland. The work contains an outline of the history of the Mohylew region including the history of the Catholic Church, education and functioning of Polish in this land. Besides Mohylew the following places were visited: Czausy, Faszczówka and Bezczynne where parishes are being revived. Evangelisation is in Belorussian and only in Mohylew one Holy Mass is in Polish every day.

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Chen, Peiyao. "The Transformation of Jesuits Strategy for Buddhism Based on the Jesuits Works in Early Modern China." Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 4, no. 4 (2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v4i4.695.

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The Jesuits began their missionary work in Asia in the 16th century. After the missions in India and Japan, they tried to enter China and spread Catholicism at the end of the 16th century (Note 1). Due to the special political and cultural environment of China at that time, the missionary experience of Jesuits in India and Japan did not fully apply to Chinese society, which caused their missionary process to be rocky (Note 2). In order to adapt to the different environment of the Ming dynasty, Jesuits had to actively adjust their missionary strategies. After a period of observation and explora

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Zhurova, Lyudmila I. "The history of Maximus the Greek’s epistles against Luther (in defense of icon worship)." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 4 (2021): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/77/5.

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The Russian scholarly tradition describes the religious struggle against Lutherans, starting with the works by Maximus the Greek. A. I. Ivanov’s guidebook includes six words related to the publicist’s anti-Protestant polemic. Although, the Epistle against Heretics on Worship of Holy Icons is a special variant of Epistle 6 by Iosif Volotsky the Apostle and does not belong to Maximus the Greek. Another work, The Epistle against Lutherans is the treatise by Starets Artemius. Maximus the Greek is the author of the Epistle against Luther on Worship of Holy Icons. It exists as an intravitam manuscri

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Baran, Kazimierz. "The Component of Respublica Romanorum in the Constitutional Heritage of Nobiliary Polish-Lithuanian Republic (16th through 18th Centuries)." Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa 15, no. 3 (2022): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844131ks.22.026.16174.

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When in the 16th century in many European states, the monarchal power began to drift toward absolutism, the Polish-Lithuanian state evolved in its constitutionalism along the Republican lines. Its monarch could be brought to accountability for the violation of the law. Likewise, he was freely elected by the nobles and held his position for life. The nation of nobles that, by the standards of the time, made up a remarkable section of the entire population of the country was protected against the monarch’s attempts against their liberties by a series of remarkable privileges. And indeed, a noble

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Łukaszewska-Haberkowa, Justyna. "Foreigners and the Knowledge of Foreign Languages Among the Jesuits in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until the End of 16th Century." Roczniki Teologiczne 69, no. 4 (2022): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rt22694.1.

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The objective of the paper is to revise and complete the current state of research into general characteristics of the first generation of the Polish Jesuits. The first part characterizes the 16th century Poland as a country. Then the influence of linguistic and regional relations in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is depicted and the degree of language knowledge among the Polish Jesuits is presented. The term “Polish Jesuits” applies here both to the members of the Society born in the Commonwealth as well as those coming from abroad to perform their duties there. In the 16th century these

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Ashrafyan, Konstantin. "A new view of the native uprisings in Spanish Florida and the West-Indies in the XVI century ("The gender factor" and "expectation formula" in the XVI century native uprisings in Spanish Florida and the West-Indies)." SAMARA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 9, No 2 (2020) (2020): 158–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8424730.

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This study was chosen in light of more general research work on the Christianization of Florida in the 16th and 18th centuries. This topic arose as a separate necessary study since when compiling the chronology of Christianization and the Foundation of settlements, there were revolts of local residents. When finding the causes of these uprisings, matching and recurring events were identified. To recognize them, we studied the cause-and-effect relationships in the history of communications between Spaniards and natives. We compared primary sources, translations of prima

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Ashrafyan, Konstantin. "The new view of the native uprisings in Spanish Florida and the West-Indies in the XVI century (or The "gender factor" and "the expectation formula" in the XVI century native uprisings in Spanish Florida and the West-Indies))." Samara Journal of Science 9, no. 2 (31) (2021): 158–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5307883.

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<strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><em>.</em> This study was chosen in light of more general research work on the Christianization of Florida in the 16th and 18th centuries. This topic arose as a separate necessary study since when compiling the chronology of Christianization and the Foundation of settlements, there were revolts of local residents. When finding the causes of these uprisings, matching and recurring events were identified. To recognize them, we studied the cause-and-effect relationships in the history of communications between Spaniards and natives. We compared primary sources, t

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Khromov, Oleg. "TWO PRINTS BY LEONTY BUNIN IN THE 18TH CENTURY SERBIAN GRAPHIC." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 16, no. 2 (2020): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2020-16-2-100-113.

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The article is devoted to two engravings depicting Jesus Christ and the Mother of God in lush ornamental cartouches. They are well known to Serbian art critics and are published in the catalogs of Serbian metal engravings of the 18th century. Copper engraved boards of these engravings, which Serbian researchers attribute to the end of the 18th or the beginning of the 19th century, are preserved in the Krka Monastery. Prints from them of the 18th-19th centuries are unknown in Serbian collections. In Serbia, the first prints from these boards were made in the 20th century. However, prints from t

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Torres Sánchez, Rayiv David. "El éxtasis blanco y la escritura de la historia en Michel de Certeau." Pelícano 4 (August 28, 2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.22529/p.2018.4.09.

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White ecstasy and the writing of history on Michel de CerteauResumenEste artículo se propone ilustrar algunos paradigmas compartidos entre la experiencia mística y la escritura de la historia a la luz del pensamiento y la obra de Michel de Certeau. El curso de la exposición nos arroja a la posibilidad de que subsista no sólo una experiencia de la escritura asociada a la alteridad desde el siglo XVI, sino, también, que el olvido, la falta, y los lugares de ausencia comprometen de lleno a la modernidad occidental y su espejo epistemológico: la escritura. La “operación historiográfica”, bajo el e

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Cho, Hyowon. "Vergangene Vergängnis: Für eine Philologie des Stattdessen." arcadia 52, no. 1 (2017): 74–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arcadia-2017-0005.

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AbstractBetween Erich Auerbach and Walter Benjamin, there existed a remarkable friendship, which on the one hand manifested itself as an unobtrusive disputation, and yet which on the other hand could be considered an unintended collaboration toward an old-new ideal of philology. Auerbach claims that with the Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri, Western European literature reached the climax of the figuralism that Auerbach, if belatedly, wants to bring to the fore. Benjamin, in contrast, finds energy for the revolution in the surrealistic love that traces back not to Dante, but to the Provençal po

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Lee, Eun-Hae. "Spain’s Sociocultural Cross Section Seen Through Santa Teresa de Jesus’ Inquisitorial Process." Korea Association of World History and Culture 73 (December 31, 2024): 329–58. https://doi.org/10.32961/jwhc.2024.12.73.329.

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Santa Teresa, known today as the Saint of Avila, was active throughout Spain in the mid-16th century when the banner of the reactionary Reformation was in full swing. She pioneered a reform monastic order called the Order of the Barefoot Carmen and founded 17 monasteries throughout Castile and Andalusia. It showed the history of its establishment. However, one of the major events that brought her to the public eye was her involvement in the Inquisition case, which was constantly brought up because of her similarity to the Alumbrados who had taken the Castile region by storm. Meanwhile, the law

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Darowski, Roman. "Philosophy of the Jesuits in Lithuania since the 16th until the 18th Century." Forum Philosophicum 12, no. 2 (2007): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2007.1202.24.

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In the philosophy of the Jesuits of this period one can distinguish philosophy connected with teaching, i.e. taught at schools led by the Jesuits, and Civic philosophy, not connected directly with teaching. This was mainly social, economic, and political philosophy, especially philosophy of the state, law and the like.

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