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Journal articles on the topic 'Jet injection apparatus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Leontiev, Valery, and Olga Korableva. "Study of jet apparatus operation with phase inversion." From Chemistry Towards Technology Step-By-Step 6, no. 2 (2025): 147–52. https://doi.org/10.52957/2782-1900-2025-6-2-147-152.

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The paper considers three operational modes of a nozzle-ejector jet system. The study suggests modeling gas-liquid injection as gas permeation through a suspension of liquid droplets in forward flow. In this case, the process will be analogous to gas flow through a fluidized bed. The research determines a pressure drop through the well-known Ergun equation, which is applicable over a wide range of Reynolds numbers. The authors identify the depth of gas-liquid layer formation during phase inversion based on theoretical studies. For the jet apparatus most frequently used in gas-liquid ejector re

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2

Viktor, Ved, Nikolsky Valeriy, Okhtina Oxsana, and Kiselev Vadym. "RESEARCH OF GAS CONTENT AND INTERFACIAL AREA IN THE DOWNFLOW PIPES OF A CIRCULATION APPARATUS WITH JET INJECTION GAS FILLING." Technology audit and production reserves 4, no. 1 (48) (2019): 34–38. https://doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2019.180770.

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<em>The object of research is an apparatus with jet injection gas filling. The studies are conducted on an experimental installation of a working medium of water-air. The distribution of gas phase bubbles is studied depending on the operating parameters of the apparatus. The value of the local and total gas content, as well as the specific surface of the phase contact, is determined. The gas content and the contact surface of the phases in the downflow pipes of the circulation apparatus with jet injection gas filling are investigated. The use of circulating apparatuses with jet injection gas f

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3

Viktor, Ved, and Nikolsky Valeriy. "HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF THE CIRCULATION UNIT OF THE APPARATUS WITH JET-INJECTION FILLING." Scientific Journal «ScienceRise» 3, no. 44 (2018): 34–39. https://doi.org/10.15587/2313-8416.2018.127527.

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Hydraulic calculation of the circulation unit of the appatatus with jet-injection gas filling is considered. Equations of the circulation unit of the apparatus with jet injection gas filling for the gas phase suspension regime along the height of the diplegs are obtained. The equation of the coefficient of hydraulic resistance of the circulation unit is obtained, and a method is developed for selecting a mixing device to overcome the hydraulic resistance in the circulation unit and gas filling of the diplegs

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4

Peyha, Mario Kurt, and Christian Weiß. "High-Speed Schlieren Imaging And PIV Of Unsteady Free Jet Injection With Plume Formation." Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics 21 (July 7, 2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55037/lxlaser.21st.72.

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This work aims to investigate Schlieren image correlation velocimetry for flow field quantification of gaseous jet injection in non-manipulable apparatus like flow chambers. Such flow cases often struggle using tracer-based methods: Seeding particles may locally cause technical problems, or the plant design prevents the principal opportunity of tracer adding, both of which lead to a reduced method repertory. This is specifically the case under flow conditions, where contamination of apparatus internals by seeding particles should be avoided completely. Therefore, in this paper, we explore a se

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Ved, Viktor, and Valeriy Nikolsky. "Hydraulic calculation of the circulation unit of the apparatus with jet-injection filling." ScienceRise 3 (April 2, 2018): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2313-8416.2018.127527.

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6

Malakhov, Y. L., A. Yu Kuznetsov, A. G. Novoselov, et al. "Experimental Study of Gas Entrainment by Free Jets of Water-Slurry Suspensions into Tubes of Shell-and-Tube Jet-Injection Apparatus." Problems of the Regional Energetics, no. 2(58) (May 2023): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52254/1857-0070.2023.2-58-10.

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In industries, the task of intensifying the process of dissolving gases in liquid media is relevant, since the time of the technological cycle depends on its course. Absorption processes affect the quality of the finished product and energy costs. In the food industry shell-and-tube jet injectors (SJT) are widespread, in which the mechanical injection of a free-falling jet of liquid surrounding its gas is applied. The aim of this work is to investigate the process of gas entrainment by free jets of water-malt slurry (WSS) in the pipes of the SJT. The set goal was achieved by solving the tasks:

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7

Piotrowski, Wojciech, Robert Kubica, and Maksymilian Gądek. "Studies on a Novel Jet Mixer in the Extraction Process." Processes 11, no. 10 (2023): 2904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11102904.

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This paper presents the original results of research on an inline jet mixer being an alternative to other, conventional mixing apparatuses used for extraction processes. In particular, researched novel geometry of a jet mixer was subjected to testing of either hydraulic performance or a liquid–liquid extraction process. Inline jet mixers are well suited for mixing gases and liquids and can be used in such processes as extraction, heat exchange, and reaction. In such an apparatus, mixing of liquids takes place by high-velocity injection of one stream into another through a series of small holes

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8

Crnojevic, C., G. Roy, A. Bettahar, and P. Florent. "The Influence of the Regulator Diameter and Injection Nozzle Geometry on the Flow Structure in Pneumatic Dimensional Control Systems." Journal of Fluids Engineering 119, no. 3 (1997): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2819288.

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The present paper describes an experimental investigation of the various parameters affecting the operation of industrial pneumatic controllers based on the jet nozzle principle. A test rig was built to monitor supply pressure, air temperature, airflow characteristics, and the static pressure distribution over the flat plate on which the jet impinges. The results demonstrate the existence of a low pressure, separated flow zone, subject to fouling, which subsequently was eliminated by appropriate changes of the injection nozzle geometry. The previous experimental findings were also confirmed by

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9

GASKELL, P. H., G. E. INNES, and M. D. SAVAGE. "An experimental investigation of meniscus roll coating." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 355 (January 25, 1998): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112097007398.

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A two-roll apparatus is used to explore experimentally the detailed fluid mechanics of meniscus roll coating in which inlets are starved and flow rates are small. Both forward and reverse modes of operation (with contra- and co-rotating rolls) are investigated using optical sectioning combined with dye injection and particle imaging techniques. That part of parameter space where meniscus coating occurs is identified by varying the roll separation and roll speeds and hence flow rate and capillary number.Key features of the flow structures identified in the forward mode include two large eddies

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10

Chen, Kai, Min Pan, and Tingting Liu. "Design and Analysis of a Continuous Split Typed Needle-Free Injection System for Animal Vaccination." Open Biomedical Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (2017): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874120701711010059.

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Background: Liquid needle-free injection devices (NFIDs) employ a high-velocity liquid jet to deliver drugs and vaccine through transdermal injection. NFIDs for animal vaccination are more complicated than those used for human beings for their much larger and more flexible power sources, as well as rapid, repetitive and continuous injection features. Method: In the paper, spring-powered NFID is designed for animal vaccine injection. For convenience, the device is a split into a power source and handheld injector. A mathematical model is proposed to calculate the injection pressure, taking into

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Medved, N. V., E. L. Egorova, V. N. Morozov, V. A. Gron, and A. V. Galaiko. "To calculate the axial dimensions of inkjet devices for hydraulic transport of sand and gravel materials." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, no. 2 (2021): 022032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/2/022032.

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Abstract The article presents the results of the dredger in a deep deposit of sand and gravel materials. It was found that when the diameter of the suction pipe exceeds the diameter of the inlet mixing chamber by 150 mm, the actual pressure from the ejector does not exceed one meter, and with an increase in the supply of the suction pump as a result of a sharp jump in hydraulic resistance, the vacuum is disrupted. It was also found that the effect on the calculated compression ratio of the jet apparatus increases with an increase in the injection coefficient and the input velocity of the injec

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Kornienko, Yaroslav, Serhii Haidai, and Oleksandr Sameliuk. "Increasing the efficiency of transfer processes when using inhomogeneous fluidization." Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.1.2023.276443.

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The processes of dehydration and granulation are associated with the heat transfer to the solid particles from the gas coolant, which acts as a fluidizing agent and causes the stochastic movement of the granular material in the apparatus. To implement the layered structure mechanism of granulation of organic-mineral fertilizers it is necessary to ensure intensive circulation of granular material with intensive gradual passage through the appropriate technological zones of the apparatus. The main problem is the low efficiency of interphase exchange in the gas-liquid-solid system and the formati

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13

Кожемякин, В. В., Р. А. Иванов, and Е. С. Игнатьева. "Computational and theoretical research of the injector block function." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII), no. 4(50) (November 23, 2020): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2020.50.4.051.

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Работа посвящена расчетно-теоретическому исследованию работы блока инжекторов. Рассмотрен пароводяной струйный аппарат, который применяется в качестве средства циркуляции теплоносителя первого контура. Подвод дополнительного потока осуществляется на цилиндрическом участке с внезапным расширением сечения через перемычку. Для достижения поставленной цели разработана программа для ЭМВ, в которой смоделирована зависимость давления от нагрузки в контуре, а также проведено расчетно-теоретическое исследование влияние гидравлического сопротивления на расход перемычки. В данной работе рассмотрены тольк

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14

Messerschmidt, Marc, Leonard Chavas, Sunil Ananthaneni, et al. "Serial Femtosecond Crystallography user's consortium apparatus at European XFEL." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314082515.

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The Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SFX) user's consortium apparatus is to be installed within the Single Particles, Clusters and Biomolecules (SPB) instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser facility (XFEL.EU) [1, 2]. The XFEL.EU will provide ultra-short, highly intense, coherent X-ray pulses at an unprecedented repetition rate. The experimental setup and methodological approaches of many scientific areas will be transformed, including structural biology that could potentially overcome common problems and bottlenecks encountered in crystallography, such as creating large crystal

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15

Bunker, R. S., D. E. Metzger, and S. Wittig. "Local Heat Transfer in Turbine Disk Cavities: Part II—Rotor Cooling With Radial Location Injection of Coolant." Journal of Turbomachinery 114, no. 1 (1992): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927989.

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Detailed radial distributions of rotor heat transfer coefficients are presented for three basic disk-cavity geometries applicable to gas turbines. The experimental apparatus has been designed to obtain local heat transfer data on a number of easily interchangeable rotor surfaces. The method employs thin thermochromic liquid crystal coatings upon the rotor surfaces together with video system data acquisition and computer-assisted image analysis to detect surface color display and to extract heat transfer information. A thermally transient, aerodynamically steady technique is used, which attains

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16

Monieta, Jan. "Method and a Device for Testing the Friction Force in Precision Pairs of Injection Apparatus of the Self-Ignition Engines." Energies 15, no. 19 (2022): 6898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196898.

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This article reviews the state of the knowledge and technology in the field of friction-loss measurements in internal combustion piston engines. The dependencies that describe the loss of energy in combustion engines and injection apparatus are presented. Currently, very little can be found in the literature on the study of frictional forces in injection apparatus, but mainly in the piston–cylinder group, so this work significantly fills that gap. The aim of this article is to construct a device and to develop a method for assessing the technical state of injector nozzles to minimize friction

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17

Коновалов, Дмитро Вікторович, та Галина Олександрівна Кобалава. "ЧИСЕЛЬНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОТОЧНОЇ ЧАСТИНИ МАЛОВИТРАТНОГО АЕРОТЕРМОПРЕСОРА ДЛЯ ПРОМІЖНОГО ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ЦИКЛОВОГО ПОВІТРЯ ГАЗОТУРБІННОГО ДВИГУНА". Aerospace technic and technology, № 4 (31 серпня 2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.4.06.

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A cyclic air intercooling application in the compression process in the compressor has a positive effect on the resource of the gas turbine plant (GTP) and on increasing its capacity without reducing the service life. The most promising method of cooling the cyclic air of the GTP, namely contact cooling by using an aerothermopressor, was analyzed in the paper. This heat exchanger is a two-phase jet apparatus in which, due to the removal of heat from the airflow, the air pressure is increased and its cooling occurs. The main problem in the development of the aerothermopressor is to determine th

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18

Ved, Viktor, Valeriy Nikolsky, Oxsana Okhtina, and Vadym Kiselev. "Research of gas content and interfacial area in the downflow pipes of a circulation apparatus with jet injection gas filling." Technology audit and production reserves 4, no. 1(48) (2019): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2019.180770.

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Bunker, R. S., D. E. Metzger, and S. Wittig. "Local Heat Transfer in Turbine Disk Cavities: Part I—Rotor and Stator Cooling With Hub Injection of Coolant." Journal of Turbomachinery 114, no. 1 (1992): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927988.

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Results are presented from an experimental study designed to obtain detailed radial heat transfer coefficient distributions applicable to the cooling of disk-cavity regions of gas turbines. An experimental apparatus has been designed to obtain local heat transfer data on both the rotating and stationary surfaces of a parallel geometry disk-cavity system. The method employed utilizes thin thermochromic liquid crystal coatings together with video system data acquisition and computer-assisted image analysis to extract heat transfer information. The color display of the liquid crystal coatings is

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Kobalava, H., and D. Konovalov. "Numerical simulation of the regime and geometric characteristics influence on the pressure loss of a low-flow aerothermopressor." Refrigeration Engineering and Technology 55, no. 2 (2019): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/ret.v55i2.1355.

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In this paper, a study of gasdynamic processes that occur in a low-flow aerothermopressor has been done. The aerothermopressor is a two-phase jet apparatus for contact cooling, in which, due to the removal of heat from the air flow, the air pressure is increased (thermogasdynamic compression) and its cooling is taken place. Highly effective operation of the aerothermopressor is influenced by primarily the flow part design and the water injected method in the apparatus. Constructive factors that influence energy costs to overcome friction losses and local resistances on the convergent-divergent

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Roy, G., D. Vo-Ngoc, D. N. Nguyen, and P. Florent. "Behavior of Radial Incompressible Flow in Pneumatic Dimensional Control Systems." Journal of Fluids Engineering 125, no. 5 (2003): 843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1598991.

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The application of pneumatic metrology to control dimensional accuracy on machined parts is based on the measurement of gas flow resistance through a restricted section formed by a jet orifice placed at a small distance away from a machined surface. The backpressure, which is sensed and indicated by a pressure gauge, is calibrated to measure dimensional variations. It has been found that in some typical industrial applications, the nozzles are subject to fouling, e.g., dirt and oil deposits accumulate on their frontal areas, thus requiring more frequent calibration of the apparatus for reliabl

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Кожемякин, В. В., Е. А. Луценко, Н. А. Морозов, and А. Д. Синявская. "Features of the mathematical model of the injection system of emergency cooling." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII)</msg> 1, no. 3(65) (2024): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2024.65.3.031.

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Работа посвящена особенностям математической модели инжекторной системы аварийного расхолаживания. В рамках работы представлена схема инжекторной системы аварийного расхолаживания, состоящая из парогенератора, пароводяного струйного аппарата, компенсирующей емкости, пусковой емкости, забортного теплообменного аппарата. Разработана математическая модель, на основе которой, разработан алгоритм и программа для ЭВМ для исследования пусковых режимов представленной схемы инжекторной системы аварийного расхолаживания. Особенностью разработанной математической модели является, описание паровоздушных п

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Lyngsø, Jeppe, and Jan Skov Pedersen. "A high-flux automated laboratory small-angle X-ray scattering instrument optimized for solution scattering." Journal of Applied Crystallography 54, no. 1 (2021): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576720016209.

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A commercially available small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) NanoSTAR instrument (Bruker AXS) with a liquid-metal-jet source (Excillum) has been optimized for solution scattering and installed at iNANO at Aarhus University. The instrument (named HyperSAXS) employs long high-quality parabolic Montel multilayer optics (Incoatec) and a novel compact scatterless pinhole slit with Ge edges, which was designed and built at Aarhus University. The combination of the powerful source and optimized geometry gives an integrated X-ray intensity close to 109 photons s−1 for a standard range of scattering ve

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Кожемякин, В. В., Н. А. Морозов, Ю. И. Раевская, and Д. П. Левша. "Influence of operating parameters on the static characteristics of the propulsion injector." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII)</msg> 1, no. 1(63) (2024): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2024.63.1.015.

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В работе разработаны два варианта двигательно-движительной установки для скоростного судна. Особенностью таких установок является наличие парогазоводяного струйного аппарата (ПГВСА), используемого в качестве движителя. Также в состав установок входят компрессоры, турбины и насос. Исследования показали, что наиболее существенное влияние на характеристики парогазоводяного струйного аппарата оказывают недогрев смеси на выходе из диффузора после конденсации пара и паросодержание на входе в паровое сопло инжектора. Поэтому в данной работе выполнено расчетно-теоретическое исследование статических ха

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Liamasov, A. K., K. E. Denisov, and M. A. Biriulin. "A new method for regulating Pelton turbine based on ejection of discharged flow." E3S Web of Conferences 411 (2023): 01047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341101047.

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Hydropower plants (HPPs) contribute a significant share of Russia’s electricity generation. With the prospects of developing this sector and harnessing the hydroenergy potential, it is necessary to consider methods for modernizing hydroelectric installations. This article examines a new method for regulating active (Pelton) turbines based on modifying the nozzle flow rate through the ejection of spent liquid from the runner using a jet pump. The relevance of this solution lies in the potential to increase the operational duration of high-head pumped-storage hydropower plants (PSHPPs) and impro

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Кожемякин, В. В., and Н. Д. Кошкин. "Computational and theoretical research ofpropulsion injector on hydrogen-oxygen fuel." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII)</msg>, no. 1(59) (March 4, 2023): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2023.59.1.017.

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В работе рассматривается вариант использования пароводяного струйного аппарата (ПВСА) в качестве реактивного движителя на подводных аппаратах. Наиболее целесообразно для этих целей использовать ПВСА, предназначенный для обеспечения циркуляции теплоносителя в первом контуре. Особенностью такого ПВСА является сверхкритическое течение среды в диффузоре. Рассмотрен вариант, при котором водяной пар для работы такого ПВСА может быть получен путем сжигания водорода в среде кислорода. При этом целесообразно подавать воду в камеру сгорания, чтобы увеличить массовую долю водяного пара в парогазовой смес

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Гоняева, С. С., В. В. Кожемякин, and Н. А. Морозов. "Use of methane-air and ammonia-air fuel in propulsion injector." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII)</msg>, no. 4(58) (December 2, 2022): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2022.58.4.011.

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Работа посвящена возможности использования метано-воздушного и аммиачно-воздушного топлива в двигательно-движительным инжекторе. В работе разработана двигательно-движительная установка, состоящая из камеры сгорания и инжектора. В качестве инжектора используется пароводяной струйный аппарат (ПВСА), предназначенный для обеспечения циркуляции теплоносителя в первом контуре. Особенностью такого ПВСА является сверхкритическое течение среды в диффузоре. Пар для ПВСА можно получать, сжигая метан в воздухе или сжигая аммиак в воздухе. В связи с тем, что наиболее существенное влияние на скорость смеси

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Коновалов, Дмитро Вікторович, та Галина Олександрівна Кобалава. "ПРОМІЖНЕ ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ЦИКЛОВОГО ПОВІТРЯ В ГАЗОТУРБІННИХ УСТАНОВКАХ АЕРОТЕРМОПРЕСОРАМИ". Aerospace technic and technology, № 1 (25 лютого 2018): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.1.02.

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Existing technologies to improve the fuel and energy efficiency of gas turbine plants due to intercooling of the cycle air are analyzed. One of the promising ways for increasing the efficiency of such technologies is using thermogasdynamic compression in the heat recovery processes of secondary energy resources. A feature of this process is the pressure rate increase due to the instant evaporation of a finely dispersed liquid is injected into the air stream which accelerated to the speed of sound. When the pressure of the boiling liquid is increased, the power consumption for compressing the w

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Perry, S. F., K. M. Gilmour, N. J. Bernier, and C. M. Wood. "Does gill boundary layer carbonic anhydrase contribute to carbon dioxide excretion: a comparison between dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 6 (1999): 749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.6.749.

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In vivo experiments were conducted on spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in sea water to determine the potential role of externally oriented or gill boundary layer carbonic anhydrase in carbon dioxide excretion. This was accomplished by assessing pH changes in expired water using a stopped-flow apparatus. In dogfish, expired water was in acid-base disequilibrium as indicated by a pronounced acidification (delta pH=−0.11+/−0.01; N=22; mean +/− s.e.m.) during the period of stopped flow; inspired water, however, was in acid-base equilibrium (delta pH=−0.002+

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Lu, Yuming, Hongzi Fei, Hao Yang, and Hai Zhang. "Quantitative investigation of the evaporation and resistance characteristics of inlet jet precooling." International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines, November 21, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2021-0035.

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Abstract A quantitative study is carried out to explore the air/mist-coupled cooling in the cooling section incorporating a spray device, aiming to conduct a comparative simulation on the effects of two radial spray arrangements (Apparatus A and Apparatus B) on the change of flow field. The results show that an even spray arrangement leads to improved flow performance owing to the large temperature drop in the cooling section. Compared with Apparatus A, Apparatus B enables a 1.60–2.25% higher temperature drop coefficient and a 1.1–3.0% higher water evaporation rate. Six high-altitude condition

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Drozdov, N. A. "Increasing the cavitation coefficient of injection of a jet apparatus for the implementation of environmentally friendly technologies." SOCAR Proceedings, December 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5510/ogp2022si200733.

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Ejector systems have proven themselves in various industries for their simplicity, reliability and environmental friendliness. To increase the efficiency of the emergency core cooling systems of innovative projects of nuclear power plants with water-water energetic reactor, the pump-ejector system can be used, but to achieve design indicators for maximum water flow and pressure, it is necessary to operate jet devices in cavitation mode. The article presents the results of bench tests of ejectors with single-barrel and multi-barrel nozzles, as well as their pressure characteristics. A recommend

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Štefan, David, Pavel Rudolf, Sebastian Muntean, and Romeo Susan-Resiga. "Proper Orthogonal Decomposition of Self-Induced Instabilities in Decelerated Swirling Flows and Their Mitigation Through Axial Water Injection." Journal of Fluids Engineering 139, no. 8 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4036244.

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The swirling flow exiting the runner of a hydraulic turbine is further decelerated in the discharge cone of the draft tube to convert the excess of dynamic pressure into static pressure. When the turbine is operated far from the best efficiency regime, particularly at part load, the decelerated swirling flow develops a self-induced instability with a precessing helical vortex and the associated severe pressure fluctuations. This phenomenon is investigated numerically in this paper, for a swirl apparatus configuration. The unsteady three-dimensional (3D) flow field is analyzed using a proper or

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Tang, Yang, Shang Xiang, Jie Wang, Ye Tian, Jin-zhong Wang, and Fang Wang. "Study on the erosion patterns of high-strength injection-production strings under alternating operating conditions in gas storage reservoirs." Physics of Fluids 37, no. 3 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0257696.

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Underground gas storage reservoirs are vital to China's energy infrastructure, facilitating natural gas peak shaving and supply security. However, cyclic alternating loads from significant pressure fluctuations during injection and production operations lead to severe erosion and wear of tubing strings, complicating safe operation. This study developed a custom jet flow gas–solid–liquid erosion experimental apparatus to analyze the effects of impact angle, impact velocity, and particle size on tubing erosion rates. An erosion model was established from the experimental data. Using computationa

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Yuan, Fang, Quanbin Zhao, Daotong Chong, and Weixiong Chen. "Flow Visualization of Submerged Steam Jet in Subcooled Water." Journal of Heat Transfer 138, no. 2 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4032233.

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Steam discharged into subcooled water is investigated experimentally to demonstrate the direct contact condensation phenomena in nuclear reactor safety system and underwater propulsion apparatus. The steam jet condenses to various shapes at different thermal hydraulic conditions. A condensation regime diagram is drawn to classify the regime for different flow patterns, among which there are three typical shapes of steam plume characterizing the chugging, condensation oscillation, stable condensation regime (Figure 1). The flow region can be separated into three parts—vapor, water and two-phase

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"Low-temperature liquefied gas immersion type freezing apparatus for marine products such as shrimp, and fruit and vegetables — has injection unit to jet compressed gas onto frozen objects which are moved on band conveyor." Food Control 9, no. 5 (1998): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-7135(98)00116-9.

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Konovalov, Dmytro, Mykola Radchenko, Halina Kobalava, et al. "Research of characteristics of the flow part of an aerothermopressor for gas turbine intercooling air." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, December 8, 2021, 095765092110579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09576509211057952.

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Complex gas turbine schemes with air intercooling are usually used to bring the compression process of working fluid in compressor closer to isothermal one. A promising way to realize it is to use an aerothermopressor. The aerothermopressor is a two-phase jet apparatus, in which the highly dispersed liquid (water) is injected into the superheated gas (air) stream accelerated to the speed closed to the sound speed value (Mach number from 0.8 to 0.9). The air pressure at the aerothermopressor outlet (after diffuser) is higher than at the inlet due to instantaneous evaporation of highly dispersed

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sprotocols. "Endodcytic labelling of visceral endoderm of mouse perigastrulation embryos." January 8, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13840.

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Authors: Yoh Wada, Minako Aoyama, Ge-Hong Sun-Wada, Nobuyuki Kawamura & Hiroyuki Tabata ### Abstract In this protocol we describe methods for observation endocytic activity in the mouse embryos. The methods are optimised for mouse embryos at E5.5~E7.2 pregastrulation/gastrulation stages. We optimise three different experimental schemes for tracing the embryonic endocytosis. In utero labelling scheme, an endocytic tracer is introduced into circulation of a pregnant mother to follow bulk uptake of fluid phase endocytosis. Rodent embryos are known to internalise maternal immunoglobulins, thus

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