Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Jeunes animaux'
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Dégremont, Lionel. "Etude des bases génétiques de la mortalité estivale et des relations avec la croissance chez les juvéniles de l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2080.
Full textBibes, Hélène Marie. "Contribution a l'étude des jeunes gorilles en captivité." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU34088.
Full textJoubert, Anne. "Exploration et mémoire spatiale chez de jeunes babouins (Papio papio) : aspects cognitifs et sociaux." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22048.
Full textThebaud, Marie-Christine. "Etude du développement des relations sociales chez de jeunes chevaux." Paris 13, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA132027.
Full textLigout, Séverine. "Mécanismes et bases sensorielles de la discrimination sociale entre jeunes chez les ovins : étude comportementale." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4010.
Full textWe demonstrated that two mechanisms are involved in social recognition by lambs : direct familarisation (which allows subsequent recognition of familiar individuals) and indirect familiarity (in which individuals that have not been previously encountered are discriminated based upon their phenotypic resemblance to the subject lamb or to a lamb with which the suject is familiar). The presence of the mother also plays an important role in the development of discriminative interactions between young lambs (twins and unrelated agemates). Amongst the sensory modalities that were studied (olfaction, audition, vision), no single one was found to be necessary for discrimination between agemates. However, each one is sufficient for twin recognition but not for familiar unrelated individuals discrimination (only auditory cues are then sufficient). These results indicate that social discrimination is multi-sensory and that twin recognition is more efficient than recognition of non-kin individuals
Gauffreteau, Françoise. "Contribution à l'étude de la reconnaissance des jeunes moineaux domestiques (passer domesticus Linne) par leurs parents, en captivité." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H038.
Full textCharrier, Isabelle. "La reconnaissance vocale entre la mère et son jeune chez l'otarie à fourrure de l'île d'Amsterdam, Arctocephalus tropicalis." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10104.
Full textPittet, Florent. "Comportement maternel chez la caille japonaise (Coturnix c. Japonica) : caractérisation, facteurs de variation et conséquences sur les jeunes." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S155.
Full textThis thesis explores the ontogeny of maternal behaviour of a precocial bird: theJapanese quail, Coturnix c. Japonica, and its influence on offspring development. First Iinvestigated the components of the development of this behaviour by studying the influenceof early experience and of genotype on the maternal responses expressed by females whenadult. I evidenced that a female's complete early maternal deprivation impaired the quality ofher early interactions with chicks, as did a genetically-based strong emotional reactivity. Inaddition, I demonstrated that maternal behaviour could vary during all a female's reproductivelife: first that the expression of aggressive behaviors during the first days of breeding declinedwith maternal experience and second that the quantity of maternal care she expressed duringthe whole breeding period increased with age. I demonstrated the consistency of individualdifferences over several breeding periods, and gave the first description of maternal styles inbirds. My study revealed a strong impact of maternal behaviour on the development of chicks'emotional and social temperament traits
Vincent, Annabelle Carole. "Effets de la suppression du stress de la naissance et de l'adoption sur le développement et le comportement de jeunes rats." Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUEL458.
Full textAt least in mammals, birth represents an important physical stress for the newborn. The present study was aimed to dtermine the effects of elimination of this "birth stress" on development and behavior of young term rats, observed until the adult stage. The second aim of this study was to determine the short-and-long-term consequences of fostering at birth. Several experiments were organized to test the influence of the mode of delivery (cesarean section or spontaneous vaginal delivery), the cesarean delivery allowing the avoidance by fetuses of suffering stress due to their compression of the genital tract during strong uterine contractions and acute birth hypoxia, and the postnatal development environment (fostering or rearing by the natural mother). The foster dams were spontaneously dillivered two days peviously or at the same time than other biological dams, and their behavior was also studied. The results show that : - corticoid secretion, at birth, was lower in rat pups delivered by cesarean section than in those naturally born, indicating that natural birth is indeed a stressful event. - in-fostering modified dam's activities directly towards the pups, but the mode of pups'birth seemed to have no major effect on maternal behavior - in-fostering per se resulted in mortality of neonates soon following adoption but; which continued at least throughout the first month of life, with a neonatal growth retardation of surviving pups fostered by dams which were delivered two days previously, an enhanced trait anxiety, modifications of social behavior, and impairments of working memory. - cesarean section birth had catastrophic effects on death and weight gain of survivors at least throughout the neonatalperiod, and elicited a long-lasting hyperactivity only in rats fostered by dams which delivered two days previously, disturbances of emotional behavior, behavioral modifications during social interactions and dysfunction in short-or long-term memory. Thus, mild modification of birth conditions or early change of maternal environment is sufficient to influence the development of young and the emotional and cognitive functions of adult
Draganoiu, Tudor Ion. "Investissement parental et reconnaissance acoustique entre parents et jeunes chez une espèce d'oiseaux chanteurs, le rougequeue noir, Phoenicurus ochruros." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100099.
Full textI studied parental investment and parent-offspring acoustic communication in a mainly monogamous songbird, the black redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros. After fledging, two patterns of parental care can be distiguished. In most cases broods are divided and each parent preferentially feeds one or more chicks, males tending to feed less young than females. Alternatively, mates provide no post-fledging care or only occasionally feed their chicks. These results support the idea that brood division is a consequence of sexual conflict. The existence of two categories of offspring in relation to one parent provides a natural context enabling to investigate songbirds acoustic recognition abilities. Within divided broods, each parent is able to acoustically discriminate between the begging caps of its preferentially fed chicks and the caps of chicks fed by the other parent. This result suggests that parentoffspring acoustic recognition in songbirds may be more widespread than previously thought
Bry, Christian. "Reproduction contrôlée du brochet (Esox lucius) et dynamique des jeunes stades en petits étangs : aspects zootechniques et écologiques." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10292.
Full textRebours, Céline. "Développement de l'échiniculture en circuit fermé : amélioration de la survie des stades larvaires et juvéniles de Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck) par une alimentation à base d'algues." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2060.
Full textSempeski, Philippe. "Sélection et utilisation de l'habitat par les jeunes stades de poissons d'eau courante : le modèle ombre commun (Thymallus thymallus L.)." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10324.
Full textVerrier, Delphine. "Extreme fasting in subantartic fue seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) pups : Physiological adaptations and ecological implications." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13197.
Full textThe objectives of my thesis were to investigate the physiological and behavioural adaptations displayed by subantarctic fur seal pups in response to the repeated extended fasts they naturally undergo throughout their period of maternal dependence. Fasting energetics, associated endocrine changes and behavioural activity were examined in order to understand the adaptive mechanisms underlying the ontogeny of extreme fasting abilities in these animals. The adoption of an efficient strategy of energy conservation, fat storage and protein sparing (with body proteins contributing to less than 2% of total energy expenditure) in response to fasting is highlighted. Among the diverse hormones measured (thyroid hormones, cortisol, insulin, glucagon and leptin), the importance of leptin in the regulation of energetic and immune homeostasis in response to changes in nutritional state and body reserves is suggested for the first time in a free-ranging mammal (apart from primates and rodents). In addition, my results show that pup resistance to fasting develops progressively with age depending upon pronounced changes in metabolic rates and body fat stores. As a consequence, maternal foraging strategy could be constrained by ontogenetic changes in pup fasting abilities in this species. Furthermore, the trade-offs imposed by the conflicting demands of growing and surviving food deprivation upon the development of diving abilities and foraging skills were also explored in order to estimate the life history cost of extreme fasting in early life and its ecological implications
Mison-Jooste, Valérie. "Contribution à l'étude de la biologie des populations de l'otarie à fourrure du Cap (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) : les soins maternels diffèrent-ils en fonction du sexe du jeune ?" Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10079.
Full textAigueperse, Nadège. "Influence des jeunes sur le comportement maternel et conséquences développementales chez la caille japonaise (Coturnix c. japonica)." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B004/document.
Full textThe behavioural development of the individual is particularly sensitive to early social influences. The mother, as a privileged partner of the young from the birth, plays a primordial role in their survival and their development. In the precocial bird, although it is well established that maternal behavior varies according to the mother's personal characteristics, the role of the young in these variations and the consequences on their development remain unknown. In the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), we were initially interested in the influence of a relatedness between the mother and all her chicks. We showed that this factor did not induce any variation in its maternal behaviour, allowing us to place the hypothese of a weak parental selectivity in this species. We showed that, on the other hand, a change in the chicks’ behaviour following a modification of the prenatal environment improved the maternal behaviour, decreasing maternal aggressivity. We then demonstrated that a greater number of chicks induced an improvement of the first interactions but induced an emancipatory rejection earlier by the mother. Finally, we explored the influence of the sexual brood composition. It appears that mothers were more involved in their male chicks but that it was dependent on the sex of the other members of the brood. All of our work shows that these variations in maternal behaviour have a sure influence on the behavioural development of chicks whose sex determines their sensitivity to different maternal traits
Fay, Rémi. "De l’envol à la première reproduction : aspects écologiques et évolutifs des traits d’histoire de vie de jeunes oiseaux marins longévifs." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS003/document.
Full textTo date, early life demographic traits have been poorly studied compare to adult traits in the vast majority of animal species. Young individuals are usually more difficult to study due to their small size, their mobile behavior and the high mortality rate that characterizes their life stage. However, the full understanding of the demographic processes requires the integration of all life stages. This lack of knowledge toward early-life stages is particularly detrimental for long lived species. Indeed for these species, the immature component represents a substantial part of the total reproductive value, having a high influence on the whole population dynamics. Hence, such limitations affect the accuracy of population projections in the context of global change and more generally our understanding of life history trait evolution. In order to fill in this gap, this PhD project focuses on early life demographic traits in a seabird species : the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans. In this very long-lived species, the immature period lasts around 10 years. Based on long-term individual monitoring and capture-recapture analyses, we estimated early-life survival and the access to reproduction according to age and sex. We also investigates the respective effects of extrinsic (e.g. climate, fisheries) and intrinsic factors (e.g. density dependence, parental effects) on these parameters. Many relationships between early-life vital rates and environmental variables have been described. From a theoretical perspective, we tested several predictions such as the canalization of life-history traits and the existence of different life-history strategies within a population. In this work, special attention was paid to demographic variations at the individual scale. Our study showed that vital rates of individuals of the same age and sex could be very different. We have linked early-life demographic traits with subsequent adult performances and identified some causes of these individual variations
Arevalo, Elorri. "Effets potentiels du changement climatique sur la survie et la croissance de la truite fario (Salmo trutta L.) : conséquences de la température et des crues hivernales sur les jeunes stades." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3009/document.
Full textGlobal Climate Change will increase precipitations in the temperate and Northern coast of Europe during winter and spring. In riverine ecosystems, precipitation affects directly the discharge of running waters and, thus, it is predicted that streams will face more severe floods. Additionally, air and water temperature will increase all over the world. These new environmental conditions can alter the phenology of species and predator/prey interactions. Newborns of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) start their exogenous feeding in March/April. This stage is a critical step as individuals undergo huge physiological and behavioral changes. To allow a good development and a high survival rate, prey has to be abundant, particularly during early ontogenesis when they are most vulnerable to food scarcity and predation. In this thesis, experiments in controlled-environment were conducted to estimate the effect of water velocity on the preferred prey taxa for salmonids and to understand the effect of temperature on the metabolism of alevins facing starvation. Experiments in semi-natural conditions were set up to better understand the effects of floods on invertebrate communities and on survival, behavior and growth of first-feeding alevins. Our data support that floods affect trout differently depending on when they start feeding (early or late spring) and the availability of prey in their environment
Sèbe, Frédéric. "Mise en place de la reconnaissance acoustique mère-jeune et identification des caractéristiques de la signature vocale individuelle chez les ovins." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4010.
Full textIn sheep, mother-young relationships are characterized by a close contact between the two partners depending on multimodal inter-individual recognition that is critical for lamb survival. The aim of the present work was to analyze the establishment of acoustic communication between the ewe and her lamb between parturition and Day 15 of lactation and to identify the physical parameters used in the recognition of vocalizations in the ewe and the lamb. Our results indicate that vocal communication is very important for the maintenance of recognition between the ewe and her lamb at a distance at 48 hours after parturition. Our studies also demonstrate that the encoding of the individual signature is not limited to the frequency domain but rather involves a multidimensional encoding process. Finally, they underline the importance of the behavioural and physiological context (suckling behaviour) for the establishment and display of inter-individual acoustic recognition
Rémon, Danaé. "Stratégies d'apprentissage et mémoire à long terme d'associations mot-objet chez le jeune enfant et le chien." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30208.
Full textAll of us occasionally remember information or personal events that occurred a long time ago. But what about young children and distantly related animal species? Do young children and animals also form memories that can last in time? And if so, does memory formation rely on the same principles than those established in human adults? This thesis intended to examine these questions in the context of an associative learning concept involving complex bimodal stimuli: the word-object concept; both in young children and domestic dogs. For these two models, we explored some parameters susceptible to facilitate the encoding and storage of this type of information in memory. In particular, we attempted to determine if the number of presentations of novel word-object associations during learning influenced the retention of the name of these objects after a delay. We also aimed to establish the minimal number of presentations of the pairs required to induce a memory trace. Finally, we examined the efficacy of two learning strategies on the ability to remember the names of novel objects and demonstrated that the efficacy of the strategies implemented in humans evolves during development and seems not to apply to dogs. In brief, our results enlightened some principles underlying the formation of sensory memories in an early-developing brain system as well as in a non-primate species, and allow us to make assumptions about the underlying brain mechanisms
Brossette, Lou. "Intéractions sociales et stratégies de fondation chez deux termites européens invasif et natif." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4013/document.
Full textIndividual interactions permit information transmission, pathogen dispersion and shape behavioral strategies in a population. This thesis has permit to explore the influence of social interactions on the colonial foundation success of two European termites, the invasive Reticulitermes flavipes and the native R. grassei. The overall results revealed (i) a better foundation success of primary reproductives of R. flavipes, (ii) a biparental organisation of parental care in both species (iii) a level of communication and egg care reflecting native and invasive status of the two species studied. To finish, (iv) better survival and communication rates were observed in colonies founded with secondary reproductives than in colonies without any and (v) a better communication rate and a weaker survival rate for R. flavipes foundations with or without secondary reproductives. Evolutive origins of biparental care and of the variations of foundation success observed are discussed
Péducasse, Sonia. "Caractérisation du nodavirus, pathogénie et épidémiologie expérimentale de la nodavirose ou de l'encéphalopathie et rétinopathie virales chez le bar juvénile "Dicentrarchus labrax L. "." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20217.
Full textOrgeret, Florian. "Ontogenèse de la recherche alimentaire durant la phase juvénile : cas des prédateurs plongeurs." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS006/document.
Full textThe juvenile phase of long lived-species is poorly understood despite its critical importance for the future of animal populations. Thanks to new bio-technologies, in this thesis we managed to monitor the ontogeny of foraging behaviour in 52 juveniles from 3 deep-diving marine predator species (king penguins, emperor penguins and southern elephant seals) in the French Southern territories over the first year after their independence. The juveniles of these 3 species showed a very large dispersion range over huge distances in the Southern Ocean. Their dispersion was characterized at departure by partially innate behaviour in their orientation preferences. Juveniles showed a strong dependency to the local oceanic currents orientation and frontal zones. More, they showed a spatial segregation with adults. Juveniles were quickly able to dive very deep. Their diving and foraging skills increased progressively with time. However, juveniles never completely reached the efficiency of adults, even after one year at sea. Some juveniles did not manage to increase their foraging skills while their environment became less productive; these juveniles may have died at sea, probably because of starvation. The first year at sea appears thus to be critical for the 3 studied species, as substantial mortality occurred in each case. This thesis presents new information about the ontogeny of dispersion and the foraging behaviour in marine deep-diving predators
Champalbert, Annette. "Ethogenèse du comportement social et variabilité chez la jeune fourmi primitive ectatomma tuberculatum (hymenoptera, ponerinae)." Paris 13, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA132013.
Full textKeller, Matthieu. "Processus d'acquisition et de consolidation impliqués dans la mémorisation des caractéristiques multisensorielles du jeune par la brebis : approches comportementale et neurobiologique." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA132028.
Full textLorrot, Mathie. "Physiopathologie de la diarrhée à rotavirusMécanismes de la sécrétion nette de chlore dans le modèle de jeune lapin." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114816.
Full textPerrin, Gaëlle. "Le comportement maternel et la reconnaissance du jeune chez les ovins : structures cérébrales et processus mnésiques impliqués." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4011.
Full textThe aim of this work is to investigate the brain sites involved in the onset and the maintenance of maternal behaviour as well as in selectivity, and to characterize the memory processes involved in offspring recognition (consolidation and reconsolidation). We showed the involvement of the MPOA and to a lesser extent of the BNST in maternal responsiveness, and the involvement of the cortical and the medial nuclei of the amygdala in recognition of the familiar lamb. We also showed the existence of a protein synthesis dependent process of reconsolidation of the lamb’s characteristics, but not of a protein synthesis dependent process of consolidation. Overall, these results indicate that maternal responsiveness and selectivity are controlled by distinct neural networks and that a social memory can undergo a reconsolidation process
Helmstetter, Cécile Le Maho Yvon. "Réponses morpho-fonctionnelles du système digestif du python de Birmanie (python molurus bivittatus) au jeûne et à la réalimentation." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1098/01/HELMSTETTER_Cecile_2008.pdf.
Full textOuellette, Rachel. "Interrelation entre l'activité de l'enzyme monoamine oxidase, la personnalité et la condition physique chez des jeunes officiers de police." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5795.
Full textGuilloteau, Paul. "Digestion des proteines chez le jeune ruminant." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066588.
Full textLamirault, Laëtitia. "Mémoire de reconnaissance chez le rat jeune et vieux : Effets de la stimulation simple et combinée de la transmission cholinergique et sérotoninergique 5-HT4." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28902.
Full textEpisodic memory is precociously altered in normal aging and neuro-degenerative diseases such as the senile dementia of Alzheimer type. Several studies show a straight relation between cognitive deficits and the disturbance of the cholinergic system and, more recently, of the serotoninergic system. The serotoninergic system modulates the cholinergic system, and this interaction could play a role in memory processes. The aim of this work was to assess the participation of cholinergic and serotoninergic systems and the interaction between these systems in the facilitation of episodic memory, by using a model of recognition memory in the rat. These experiences were conducted in young and old rats. We show that anticholinesterasic agents that module nicotinic receptors were more effective than simple anticholinesterasic, that the stimulation of 5-HT4 receptors was as effective as these compounds and that a treatment combining an anticholinesterasic and an agonist of 5-HT4 receptors, at doses ineffective alone, was as effective as the effect of these agents when administered separately. Our results also show that these compounds facilitate episodic memory by acting on acquisition and consolidation processes. We show that the direct and indirect joint stimulation of the cholinergic system facilitates episodic memory, allowing the use of lower doses of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, which induce, therapeutically, significant secondary effects. These results can lead to the research of agents acting on different neuronal targets, leading to a multi-therapy which vould improve cognitive functions in young subject and in normal or pathological aging
Bruas-Reignier, Françoise. "Relations entre conditions de production, composition chimique et évolution post-mortem des viandes de jeunes bovins." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL041N.
Full textFerreira, Guillaume. "Neuro-éthologie de la reconnaissance multisensorielle du jeune par sa mère chez les ovins : implication du système cholinergique central." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR4025.
Full textLanger, Gertraud. "Neue Umweltliteratur für Kinder : Darstellung und Interpretation : Wiese, Wald, Gewässer, Tierliebe, Tierleid, Artenschutz, ökologisches Denken, Umweltverschmutzung /." [München] ; [Wien] : Profil, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376892400.
Full textSauvaget, Matilde. "Les relations jeunes-adultes chez les fourmis : sollicitations alimentaires des larves de l'espèce Ectatomma tuberculatum." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD053/document.
Full textParental investment to increase survivability of the young is often optimised by signalling emitted by the young and informing the parents of their level of need. In this thesis, we explored whether the behaviour of ant larvae could be analysed as food solicitations as defined by honest communication models. Indeed, ants are highly social and their social relations differ from the social relation in parent-offspring systems which is usually analysed for food solicitations. We therefore tested, in the ant Ectatomma tuberculatum, whether behaviour of the larvae was correlated with the level of need and if workers provisioned larvae with food according to the intensity of the signal, as predicted by honest signalling models. We showed in this thesis that movements displayed by the larvae as well as a larval volatile emission could influence food provisioning by workers. Larval movements increase with larval developmental stage and volatile emission vary with nutritional state of the larvae. Nurse and forager workers could then optimise food resources allocation inside the nest thanks to signals or cues from the larvae. However, we also show that several other proximal factors are involved. Larval movements are not freely displayed but follow a contact with a worker, and spatial organisation of workers and larvae influences larval movements and food provisioning. Thus we propose alternative or complementary hypotheses to the communication hypothesis
ARNAULT, ISABELLE. "Influence du jeune ou de la steatose sur la recuperation fonctionnelle du foie de rat conserve en ischemie froide : optimisation par modulation nutritionnelle ou pharmacologique (doctorat : sciences de la vie et de la sante)." Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA3712.
Full textDionnet-Jones, Nathalie. "Rôle de l'olive bulbaire inférieure dans l'acquisition du comportement d'équilibration chez le jeune rat." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES054.
Full textMounichetty, Chloé. "Etude de la fragmentation du sommeil d’un modèle murin : impact comportemental, inflammatoire et neuroinflammatoire chez le rat jeune et âgé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Saint-Etienne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022STET0032.
Full textSleep fragmentation is the repeated interruption of the sleep cycle. There is little literature on pure sleep fragmentation. This thesis consists of an in vivo study where weight curves, memory tests and vocalization recordings were developed (on a pilot study of 8 aged rats); and an in vitro study in which we were interested in glia, BBB permeability with the expression of claudin-5 and occludin, inflammation with pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-17, aquaporin-4 for water movement at the brain level, and amyloid precursor proteins, a marker of neuro-inflammation; on young and old rats. Our 1-month sleep fragmentation protocol had very few behavioral consequences. We observed a significant increase in the brain concentration of IL-17, occludin and auqaporin-4 in the group of aged rats compared to young rats. Other markers were less sensitive to age and protocol such as IL-6, IL-1β and claudin-5. However, APP concentration was significantly lower in young SF rats than in controls. In addition, in aged rats, the amount of APP was significantly higher. We observed an impact of our fragmentation protocol on the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Taken together, this thesis work suggests that glia and APP accumulation are two early consequences of brain changes during severe sleep fragmentation
Auvray, Nathalie. "Etude comportementale de l'influence du cervelet dans l'acquisition du comportement d'équilibration chez le jeune rat." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES051.
Full textGuedeney, Antoine. "Le comportement de retrait relationnel du jeune enfant : du concept à l'outil de dépistage : résultats et perspectives de recherche." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB203.
Full textThis work deals with social withdrawal behavior in infants, its measure and its conceptual validity, its predictive value on early development within its several dimensions. This is the first synthesis on the history of the concept of withdrawal in infant, of its links with animal models, with the still face experimental paradigm, as well as with the repair process and with interactional dys- syssynchrony as a major process in early psychopathology. Social withdrawal behavior has its roots in physiology, as privileged way used by the infant to regulate the input within the parent infant interaction, within a micro temporal scale. On a longer temporal and more clinical scale, withdrawal behavior appears as a major defense maneuver when the baby is faced with major violations of his her expectations within the relationship. It is therefore observed in a privileged way in maternal post-natal depression, but also in all circumstances which hamper parental capacities, as conjugal violence and conflict may do for instance. Social withdrawal behavior may be as well linked with difficulties in processing sensorial input in the child, or difficulties in social communication and synchrony, or be due to an intense and sustained pain, or be linked with some genetic disorder or with some association of these factors. This work retraces the construction of a scale to asses social withdrawal behavior in infants, since no such tool existed at the time, although social withdrawal behavior appears to be an important alarm signal, showing the inability of the child to play the relational game as his her developmental level allow him or her to do, be it for causes related to himself or herself, for relational causes of because of both. This work opens on a history of the development of child psychiatry and of the coming of ages of infant development. Social withdrawal behavior took a large place at the onset of this history, with the description of autism by Kanner and anaclitic depression by Spitz. Then a history of the concept of social relational withdrawal, and of the construction of the alarm distress scale (8 item) the of the short version (5 item m-ADBB), then the studies on long term effects of social withdrawal on development. We then review the application of the scale on early diagnosis of autism, on the several factor analysis with several samples, and of the several epigenetic and genetic pathways of the social withdrawal behavior. This work reviews the results of several controlled studies with the ADBB, particularly those from the perinatal French EDEN cohort. Social withdrawal behavior appears as the result of a gene interaction, based on the genetic c susceptibility for social withdrawal behavior, possibly liked with the 5-HTPPR allele system. On a cognitive level, the issue is raised of social withdrawal behavior as a choice of a risk taking position in an uncertain situation. Follow up studies show the impact of the social withdrawal behavior on several dimensions of early development, i.e. language, early development of intersubjectivity or emotional regulation
Goursaud, Anne-Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude du déterminisme des relations mère-jeune chez les ovins domestiques (Ovis aries) : role des premières tétées et de la cholecystokinine plasmatique (CCK) dans l'établissement d'une préférence pour la mère." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR4012.
Full textNechadi, Souad. "Les albums de littérature jeunesse comme soutien au développement de la théorie de l’esprit chez les élèves du cycle préparatoire : comparaisons entre les albums avec des animaux anthropomorphisés et les albums avec des personnages humains." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42100.
Full textSalem, Elias. "Bronchopneumonies infectieuses des jeunes bovins : de la complexité du microbiome aux particularités évolutives et cliniques de virus respiratoires encore méconnus." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0109/document.
Full textBovine infectious bronchopneumonia (BIP) is a complex syndrome that affects young bovines, with a multifactorial etiology often involving one or several viruses and bacteria favored by altered host immunity and disturbed environmental factors. First, using viral metagenomics sequencing tools, we explored the upper (URT) and lower (LRT) respiratory tract viromes of calves with BPI and identified unexpected viruses. In addition, in the same calves, we characterized the structure, diversities and dynamism of the bacterial communities. Results showed different patterns of interactions between the different components of the microbiomes. Among the many detected viruses, the bovine coronavirus (BCoV), showed the highest prevalence in both nasal and pulmonary cavities. Evolutionary and phylogenic analysis of the isolated BCoV strains indicated a clear segregation between European and American/Asian strains, which seems to have resulted from a recombination event during the 1960-70’s. Furthermore, a bovine astrovirus was detected for the first time in the lungs of BIP affected calves. A disparity was noticed in the bacterial community structures between the upper and lower respiratory cavities. Also, there were associations between the presences of certain bacterial taxa and known respiratory pathogens. Finally, a part of the work focused on the emerging influenza D virus (IDV) recently identified in France. Carrying an experimental infection, we showed that IDV has a moderate respiratory pathogenicity and can modulate the innate immune response of the calf. We also showed that IDV circulates in Africa thus confirming its global distribution. In conclusion, thanks to high throughput sequencing methods, this piece of work allowed for a detailed characterization of the bovine respiratory virome and its interacting environment, and further opened new perspectives for a better understanding of viral interactions in bovine BIP
Desmedt, Lucie. "Influences maternelles sur le développement vocal de la caille japonaise (Coturnix c. japonica)." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B071.
Full textSocial influences on vocal development have been particularly studied in songbirds. In these species, young are capable of vocal learning, that is to say, they modify the structure of their vocalization following vocal interactions with the congeners, often parents. Conversely, in non-vocal leaners birds, it is generally accepted that the vocal development of young is not influenced by the social environment, but has a strong genetic determinism. In this context, we explored the role of social influences, and more specifically the role of the mother, on the vocal development of chicks in Japanese quail (Coturnix c. Japonica), a species considered as a non-vocal learner. At first, we studied the role of the mother on the vocal development of young during the first days of life. Our experience has shown differences in vocal structures between mothered and non-mothered chicks. In a second step, we tested the existence of synergistic effects between pre- and postnatal maternal influences on vocal development of Japanese quail. Our results did not reveal interactions between maternal influences during the two development phases. Nevertheless, we show the effects of both prenatal auditory stimulation and the presence of the mother during the first days of life on the chicks’ vocal development. Finally, we sought to characterize mother-young vocal exchanges during the period of mothering. This experiment reveals the influence of maternal behavior and especially of his mothering experience on vocal interactions with chicks. All of our work shows the existence of a social influence on the vocal development of Japanese quail and thus invites us to revisit the model of vocal learning that opposes learning species to non-learning species
Gaudin, Sabrina. "Attachement chez l'agneau : approche comportementale, physiologique et neurobiologique." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4040/document.
Full textIn mammals, attachment to the mother is characterized by a secure effect of the presence of such figure which allows the young to explore its environment. Several studies have suggested that attachment bond could develop for mother surrogates such as peers or objects. This thesis shows through the evaluation of attachment key features in lambs, the absence of attachment in motherless lambs for a same-aged peer or an object. The alteration of attachment in these individuals is associated with a modification of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis and the oxytocinergic system: peer- and object-reared lambs show physiological sign of stress 24h after birth, reflected at the central level by a decrease of the number of neurons containing corticoliberin and increase of those containing oxytocin at 21 days of age. This study suggests a soothing effect of the mother figure that could facilitate the establishment of attachment and influence the development of the HPA axis. This work also suggests the involvement of oxytocin in the young to cope with stressful early social context
Guerbej, Hamadi. "Recherches technologiques et experimentales sur le sevrage d'alevins de loup (dicentrarchus labrax l. )." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2009.
Full textPuccio, François. "Influence de l'hydrocortisone, de l'egf, de la bombesine et du grf sur la proliferation cellulaire et la maturation du tractus gastrointestinal et du pancreas chez le jeune rat non sevre." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066497.
Full textPeiffer, Julie. "Étude de la neurotoxicité d’un Polluant Organique Persistant chez le rat : effets à court et à long terme de l’inhalation répétée de fluorène sur le développement sensori-moteur du jeune et le comportement à l’âge adulte." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL103N/document.
Full textActually air pollution is ubiquitous due to the emission of chemical compound from many sources. In this context, Polycyclic Aromaric Hydrocarbons (PAH)related compounds are widely distributed in the air and have shown deleterious health effects.Fluorene was chosen as a representative compound of PAHs pollution. This work consisted in the evaluation of its neurotoxic effects in adult animals, exposed i.p., orally or by exposure nose-only. The inhalation model of exposure was then applied to the study of its effects on sensorimotor development and on behavioral activity of animals exposed in utero or during lactation.The results showed that fluorene is able to induce behavioral changes in adult animals exposed directly or indirectly on the level of anxiety and the locomotor activity, whereas no effect on learning and memory abilities has been observed. However, no defect on the development of motor and sensory functions was demonstrated. Furthermore, the analysis of the presence of the compound and three of its metabolites showed that the pollutant was able to cross the blood brain barrier and can be metabolized in the brain. Moreover, variations have been observed concerning behavioral and physiological responses between studies, showing that effects induced by fluorene are dependent on the way of administration, the level of contamination and the time of exposure.In conclusion, these results demonstrate in animals the behavioral toxicity of fluorene at levels of contamination corresponding to human cases of exposure, confirming so the risk of PAH exposure throughout life
Chniter, Mohamed. "Facteurs de risque de la mortalité des agneaux D'man élevés dans les oasis tunisiennes : relations avec les aptitudes maternelles et la vigueur du nouveau-né." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4044/document.
Full textD’man ewes are reared in Tunisian oases under an accelerated management system allowing breeders to have three lambing periods every two years. High prolificacy may accentuate the detrimental effects of an accelerated lambing system through problems which affect growth, welfare and survival. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the risk factors of lamb mortality in this prolific breed maintained under intensive management in Tunisian oases. In a first step, growth and mortality rates are reported using records of 1189 lambs collected between 2004 and 2009 from an accelerated lambing system to determine risk factors according to characteristics of the animals and the environment. Results showed that overall mortality from birth to 70 days of age was 13.4%. Of all the total losses, 41% of the lambs died within 10 days of birth, 29% died between 10 and 30 days of age and 30% between 30 and 70 days. Mortality rate was significantly higher in winter (23.5%) than in spring (12.3%), autumn (10.2%) and summer (9.5%). Lambs in the low-weight category died more frequently (52.2%) than lambs from medium-weight (24.4%) to high-weight (1.8%) categories. Lambs born in spring were consistently the heaviest at birth, at 30 and 70 days of age with the greatest average daily gains compared to those born in winter, autumn and summer. Birth weights were affected by litter size and ewe age, and lambs from older ewes (2-10 years) grew faster than lambs born from young ewes (1 year). The principal risk factors identified were season (winter), birth type (multiple) and weight class (≤ 1.5 kg)
Goubault, Sébastien. "Le chien dans les jeux vidéo : Archéologie, filiation et développement d'une réalité virtuelle." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3001/document.
Full textThe topic of this doctoral thesis are dogs. After the Tamagotchi phenomenon, the release of the video game Nintendogs in 2005 created a new animal: the “realistic” virtual dog. As a new leisure activity, video games represent today an internationally influential industry which is situated at a crossing point with popular art culture: comics, animation etc. More generally, the digital revolution our societies are currently witnessing shows the importance of monitor screens and of communication.The central question of this thesis is how these media have come to redefine our relationship to dogs and to influence our perception of animals in a completely new dimension. A large inventory of references of different media was used going from cinema to Gameboy via publicity, from literary classics to Panini sticker albums via comics, from oeuvres which are famous all over the world to oeuvres which are usually not considered as such. The numerous representations of dogs in these domains announce the advent of the virtual dog.In conclusion, our objective is to understand the history of the illusion of movement, of the relationship between books and virtual animals, i.e. to trace the archaeology of dogs in video games. To write a history of dogs in which reality and virtuality are no longer clearly separable