Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Jeunes stades'
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Jacob, Hugo. "Effet des microplastiques sur les jeunes stades de vie des poissons marins." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP075.
Full textEnvironmental plastic pollution is a major ecological and societal concern today. Over the last 10 years, a broad range of laboratory and experimental studies have complemented field observations in the hope of achieving a better understanding of the fate and impact of micro- and/or nano-plastics (MP/NP) on diverse organisms (e.g. birds, fish and mammals). However, plastic pollution remains challenging to monitor in the environment and to control under laboratory conditions, and plastic particles are often naturally or experimentally co-contaminated with diverse chemical pollutants. In fish, the most significant effects reported after exposure to MP / NP were observed on behavioral and neurological functions, intestinal permeability, metabolism and intestinal microbiome diversity. However, plastic pollution remains difficult to quantify in the environment and to control in the laboratory, and plastic particles are often co-contaminated naturally or experimentally with various chemical pollutants. Therefore, studies on the behavioral and physiological effects associated with ingestion of virgin MP / NP in early life stages of marine fish are still few at present. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to study the effects of two types of plastic frequently encountered in the marine environment, namely polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS), in the form of microplastics (from 10 to 100 μm), on the early life stages of marine fish, known to be particularly sensitive to environmental stresses. Thus, larvae and juveniles of different model fish species (Tropical: Acanthurus triostegus and Temperate: Sparus Aurata) were selected. Several physiological and behavioral parameters were studied after exposure to MP via different pathways (water and food) in various experiments on these model species. Current results do not show any marked effects of this stressor at environmental concentrations, however some results, such as increased mortality and metabolic disturbances, at higher doses, show toxicity following ingestion of these particles. Thus, this thesis reveals that the toxicity of virgin PM / NP on fish should be evaluated more systematically using rigorous laboratory methods, in order to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of this toxicity to fish
Podgorniak, Tomasz. "Impact des obstacles aquatiques sur la migration des jeunes stades d’Anguilla anguilla." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0002/document.
Full textThe European eel Anguilla anguilla is a catadromous fish with a large scale migration loop including the Sargasso sea, Europe and North Africa. In the last 30 years, drastic declines of abundance have been observed and the species is currently considered as critically endangered. One of the main causes of species decline is habitat fragmentation, which prevents migrating fish accessing growth zones.We studied whether aquatic obstacles can enact selectively on migrating young eels. We applied a no a priori approach to detect any traits involved in the process of obstacle passage. We used a microarray analysis for gene expression screening in three tissues (brain, liver, muscle) of young eels sampled in different sections of an impounded watercourse (article 1). The only differences detected between groups of fish concerned the brain tissue, and the detected genes were related to synaptic plasticity. We also found that transcription levels of genes related to neural activity, oestrogen and thyroid metabolisms were different after two months of common garden (article 2). Finally, we studied the relationship between the gene transcription and climbing behaviour (article 3). Upstream fish showed the highest climbing tendency. Moreover, we found that the ‘climbing’ leaders showed lower transcription levels of cognition-related gene than fish following them. We suggest that leaders can enact as bold and proactive individuals, in contrast to reactive followers.The implication of our results is discussed in an ecological context, where the presence of water obstacles can modify the distribution of different phenotypes in the upstream and downstream parts of the water axis
Bebwa, Baguma Inconnu. "Ecologie quantitative de jeunes stades de la reconstitution forestière en région équatoriale (Ile Kongolo; Zaïre)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212789.
Full textBry, Christian. "Reproduction contrôlée du brochet (Esox lucius) et dynamique des jeunes stades en petits étangs : aspects zootechniques et écologiques." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10292.
Full textSempeski, Philippe. "Sélection et utilisation de l'habitat par les jeunes stades de poissons d'eau courante : le modèle ombre commun (Thymallus thymallus L.)." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10324.
Full textLaurin, Virginie. "Évaluation de la toxicité de la roténone sur les jeunes stades de développement du meunier noir, catostomus commersoni, en eau courante." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1996. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4791/1/000629056.pdf.
Full textBardonnet, Agnès. "Occupation de l'espace par les jeunes stades de salmonidés : vie sous graviers, émergence et dévalaison chez l'ombre commun, Thymallus thymallus, L. 1758." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10198.
Full textSafiI, Georges. "Etude de la variabilité spatio-temporelle des caractéristiques physiologiques des jeunes stades de vie de la seiche Sepia officinalis L. En Manche." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2010.
Full textThe common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, is a major exploited marine resource in the English Channel. It has strong seasonal and interannual variations in recruitment. Mechanisms affecting the renewal of the stock by the arrival of new “recruits” and their number need to be better understood. Thus the study of the spatial and temporal variability of “pre-recruits” physiological characteristics was conducted in four spawning sites of the Channel [i. E. Agon Coutainville (FR), Baie de Seine (FR), Selsey (UK) and Torbay (UK)]. The studied parameters were the eggs quality and hatching rate then, the digestive and immune performance of juveniles in relation to local environmental conditions. English eggs have a delayed hatching time and higher hatching rate when compared to the French ones. Temperature and salinity are important in understanding these differences. The digestive performance of hatchlings varied according to the site. The study of immune enzyme activities showed local vulnerabilities of early stages which corresponded to episodes of high mortality. These mortalities are correlated with low protein content and low immune activities in eggs. These results underline how variability in the spatio-temporal characteristics of the early life stages of cuttlefish can influence the contribution of spawning sites to S. Officinalis stock in the English Channel
Régnier, Thomas. "Influences parentales sur le statut énergétique des jeunes stades de truite commune (Salmo trutta) : conséquences sur les comportements précoces et l’aptitude phénotypique." Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU3004.
Full textIn this study, we considered parental influences on offspring energetic status in brown trout (Salmo trutta) and their consequences on offspring emergence and fitness. We adapted recent micro respirometry techniques and elemental CHNS-O analysis to measure individual energetic status of offspring from fertilisation to emergence. By combining these individual measurements to hierarchical modelling, we estimated parental influences on offspring energetic status throughout ontogeny and at the onset of emergence, and evaluated their consequences on the timing of this first ontogenetic niche shift and offspring growth and survival. Our results show that parents control offspring emergence dynamics and offspring fitness through their effects on offspring energetic status mean expectancy and variance
Rebours, Céline. "Développement de l'échiniculture en circuit fermé : amélioration de la survie des stades larvaires et juvéniles de Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck) par une alimentation à base d'algues." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2060.
Full textVeilleux, Stephan. "Application d'un changement brusque de pH sur les jeunes stades du meunier noir (Catostomus commersoni), comme mode de contrôle de l'espèce sur les frayères." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1996. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5161/1/000626112.pdf.
Full textArevalo, Elorri. "Effets potentiels du changement climatique sur la survie et la croissance de la truite fario (Salmo trutta L.) : conséquences de la température et des crues hivernales sur les jeunes stades." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3009/document.
Full textGlobal Climate Change will increase precipitations in the temperate and Northern coast of Europe during winter and spring. In riverine ecosystems, precipitation affects directly the discharge of running waters and, thus, it is predicted that streams will face more severe floods. Additionally, air and water temperature will increase all over the world. These new environmental conditions can alter the phenology of species and predator/prey interactions. Newborns of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) start their exogenous feeding in March/April. This stage is a critical step as individuals undergo huge physiological and behavioral changes. To allow a good development and a high survival rate, prey has to be abundant, particularly during early ontogenesis when they are most vulnerable to food scarcity and predation. In this thesis, experiments in controlled-environment were conducted to estimate the effect of water velocity on the preferred prey taxa for salmonids and to understand the effect of temperature on the metabolism of alevins facing starvation. Experiments in semi-natural conditions were set up to better understand the effects of floods on invertebrate communities and on survival, behavior and growth of first-feeding alevins. Our data support that floods affect trout differently depending on when they start feeding (early or late spring) and the availability of prey in their environment
Tallec, Kevin. "Impacts des nanoplastiques et microplastiques sur les premiers stades de vie (gamètes, embryons, larves) de l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas Surface functionalization determines behavior of nanoplastic solutions in model aquatic environments, in Chemosphere 225, June 2019 Nanoplastics impaired oyster free living stages, gametes and embryos, in Environmental Pollution 242 (Part B), November 2018 Constraints and priorities for conducting experimental exposures of marine organisms to microplastics, in Frontiers in Marine Science 5(252), July 2018 Cellular responses of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) gametes exposed in vitro to polystyrene nanoparticles, in Chemosphere 208, October 2018." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0103.
Full textFor 70 years, mismanaged plastic waste accumulates in the oceans. Risk assessment of this contamination is a major concern, especially regarding micro- and presumably nanoplastics (MNP; <5 mm) which are bioavailable for most marine species. The objective of this thesis was to assess adverse effects of MNP to early life stages of the oyster Crassostrea gigas, a key engineer species in coastal ecosystems. MNP toxicity on oyster young stages depended on the particle size. The high surface area- to - volume ratio of polystyrene nanobeads (nano- PS; 50 nm) promoted their reactivity and interactions with biological membranes of gametes and embryos, leading to an inhibition of the fertilization and embryogenesis success while 0.5 and 2 μm polystyrene beads had any detectable effects. The nano-PS toxicity depended on the particle surface properties (e.g. surface functionalization and charge) which govern their aggregation in seawater and affinity with biological membranes. Furthermore, cationic nano- PS which remained at nanometric scale in seawater, had the highest toxic potential to oyster gametes and embryos. Embryonic exposure to these particles at a non-lethal dose reduced first generation larval performances and modulated larval growth at the second generation in response to the same embryonic exposure. All adverse effects were observed at supposedly unrealistic environmental concentrations (no in situ data exists on NP), suggesting low risk of polystyrene beads to oyster early life stages. Future studies will have to take into account the complexity and reality of MNP in oceans (e.g. polymer and shape diversity, concentrations, contaminants adsorption) to assess effects on bivalve species across generations in order to establish more accurately the risks for coastal environments
Delage, Nicolas. "Etude expérimentale des effets des conditions environnementales (température, oxygène, polluants) sur la survie, le développement et le comportement des stades embryo-larvaires d'esturgeon européen, Acipenser sturio." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0115/document.
Full textThe European sturgeon Acipenser sturio is a diadromous species which has exibited a drastic decline during the 20th century. Its last population lives in the Gironde-Garonne-Dordogne (GGD) catchment where the last documented reproduction occured in 1994. Individuals released in the context of restocking actions are expected to re-enter the system for reproduction in the next few years. Because of global changes and human activity evolution, environmental conditions have changed from the last reproduction. Improved knowledge on the sensitivity of the European sturgeon to temperature, dissolved oxygen and pollutant is required to evaluate its capacities to recolonize the GGD catchment. Sentivity to present and future, considering global changes, oxygen and temperature conditions were evaluated as well as quality of the substratum of potential spawning grounds. The sensitivity of the early stages toward a mix of pollutants found in the GGD catchment was evaluated. Results obtained show a high sensitivity of the young stages of this species to oxygen concentration. Thermal optimum, optimal and critical tolerance windows were determined. Sensitivity to pollutants mixtures found in the GGD was relatively low. Dordogne river substratum was globally more toxic than Garonne river substratum. Beauregard and Pessac-sur-Dordogne were tested respectively as the best and the worst potential spawning ground for the development of the European sturgeon early stages according to their toxicological effects. Current conditions in the GGD catchment seems to be sustainable for European sturgeon early stages. Data from this study would be useful for further restocking programs in the historical european sturgeon reproduction area
Ganz, Véronic. "Impact des stages chez des jeunes du programme d'insertion professionnelle au secondaire." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2001.
Find full textGanz, Véronic. "Impact des stages chez des jeunes du programme d'insertion professionnelle au secondaire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61754.pdf.
Full textRoussel, Sophie. "Expression de la resistance du colza a leptosphaeria maculans au stade jeune et au stade adulte caracterisation cytologique et epidemiologique." Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10023.
Full textGalinon-Mélénec, Béatrice. "Rénovation pédagogique et pré-professionnalisation les stages "jeunes" en formation continue à l'université : un exemple de pédagogie de projet /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613759w.
Full textGalinon-Mélénec, Béatrice. "Rénovation pédagogique et pré-professionnalisation : les stages "jeunes" en formation continue à l'université : un exemple de pédagogie de projet." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H045.
Full textProfessional training has become a part of university curricula since the early seventies. Discovering competition within the education market, open university departments acquired the knowledge and know now which enabled them to become a real interface between universities and firms. This enabled them to transform mentalities within trainees groups and to build up specific projects. Open university departments can act as middle grounds between university curricula and employment. The objectives in terms of knowledge and know become part and parcel of the build up of a personality. This outlook falls within a sociological approach which may help to determine the strong and weak points of a pedagogical approach, likely to prove efficient in extra mural studies
SALABERRY, MARIA TERESA. "Variation genotypique de la sensibilite aux temperatures basses chez le mais, au stade jeune." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF21439.
Full textDanquechin, Dorval Antoine. "Architecture racinaire et stabilité chez le pin maritime (Pinus pinaster Ait.) au stade jeune." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0045/document.
Full textStorms account for half of the damages in European forests; the Landes forest has beenheavily damaged by two major storms. Root anchorage is a major element in tree stability. The root anchorage of mature pine is strongly linked with the root development in seedlings as this species donot spontaneously fork and do not grow delayed branches. The aim of our research was to link rootarchitecture, stability and stand management practices. We measured and analyzed in an innovative way the root architecture of 3-5-year-old trees as well as 13-year-old trees from stands damaged by astorm.The 13-year-old trees, taproot only represented 12% of root biomass but still remained the maincomponent of stability. An efficient anchorage was provided by a unique vertical taproot, short andlarge or long and thin, together with a larger deep root volume. Windward shallow roots stiffness alsocontributed to stability. Stem leaning was solely prevented by the stiffness of the central part of theroot system. The guying of shallow roots did not contribute to stability. The size of the largest anglebetween shallow roots windward and leeward was not related to stem leaning. Similarly, a largerfurrow leeward did not weaken tree stability.Planted seedling show large deformations of their shallow lateral roots, randomly distributed around the stump before being later included in the growing stump. The taproot growth was generally correct. Root architecture of trees after strip ploughing was not different from those of full ploughing. Theshallow roots follow the soil surface and can be cut during mechanical weed control
Moniez, Véronique. "Le cancer du col avant 35 ans : analyse rétrospective de 74 stades précoces pris en charge a la Fondation Bergonié de 1973 à 1985." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25291.
Full textDURBEC, ISABELLE. "Le traitement conservateur du cancer de l'ovaire au stade ia chez la femme jeune : etude du devenir." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX20123.
Full textRocha, de Oliveira Sidinei. "Estagios para Universitarios : representaçoes e implicaçoes na inserçao profissional dos jovens brasileiros e franceses." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21022.
Full textCurrently, there is noticeable growth in the number of internships for university students, which constitute an important complement to their education. This strategy has been used in various countries as means of reducing the difficulties encountered by young people attempting to enter the job market. However, students have experienced difficulty finding job opportunities given the economic situation and the crisis within the contraction system that has led to the existence of ever more precarious jobs at all levels of society, above all among young people that aim to enter the current labor market. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to understand the representations of university students regarding the internship experience and their implications for their entry into professional life within the current socio-economic context in Brazil and France. For this purpose a constructivist approach is taken in order to explore the theory to show how the concepts have been formed over time while a path is sought that allows it to be understood as a phenomenon that is constructed within social relations. For the purpose of the research, a documentary search was carried out (articles, guide books, laws and decrees) and 32 French and 31 Brazilian students were interviewed, which were analyzed using discursive practices (SPINK, 2004). In Brazil, the interns are receiving central attention from the State, which, in 2008, approved a new law for their guidance, which recommends the central role of the universities and attributes to students rights similar to those held by workers. In practice, analysis of the interviews shows that interns represent a market which incorporates several aspects similar to those of the labor market, such as the selection methods, requested requirements, tasks performed and responsibilities assumed by the interns, as well as a series of dysfunctions that give it a precarious character. Amidst these conditions, the representations that emerge show the interns to be closer to a relationship of labor than to one of teaching. Given the variety of paths built based on the internship experience, the students establish insertion routes (formal employment, accelerated development, entrepreneurship, public employment and academic career) that they hope to follow. In France, while there have also been changes to the labor market, the teaching institutions act to ensure, at least in part, the educational character of the internships. The French internship market is regulated by the institution to which the student is linked, which may or may not closely accompany the situation. The organizations, though they have extended the demands for, above all, technical and behavioral competences, at times linked to prior experience, have for the most part, treated internship as an educational period. Within this scenario the representations that emerge are linked to the idea of professional insertion and the risk of precariousness associated with this route. Of the career expectations, for the majority formal employment route stands out while for some it is the search for a high management position
Collet, Catherine. "Effet compétitif de deux graminées forestières sur des jeunes chênes sessiles en conditions contrôlées : interaction avec une sécheresse édaphique." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10029.
Full textPérissol, Guillaume. "Le droit chemin. Jeunes délinquants en France et aux États-Unis au milieu du XXe siècle." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL055.
Full textThe quality of mercy is not strain'd, It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven.” This Shakespeare quote was still used in the 1950s as the motto of the Boston Juvenile Court. It tended to replace the traditional repressive function of the law by an ideological function expressed by love. The American juvenile court model, highly imbued with the ideal of compassion and rehabilitation, had had a worldwide success since 1899, when the first juvenile court was created in Chicago. What lies behind the progressivism of the juvenile courts and the “judicial neohumanism” praised by Judge Jean Chazal after the 1945 law which heralded the veritable birth of juvenile courts in France? What signification can we give to the very rapid success of juvenile courts in the United States, Europe and throughout the world?The comparison between two interconnected Western countries can help answer these questions, while filling a historiographical gap, in order to better understand the juvenile justice system and the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency. The post-WW2 period is most pertinent for analysis, as acute questions concerning authority and education were being raised amid international delinquency panics. The study takes place in an innovative and interdisciplinary field, where youth history intersects with the history of justice and control. It is qualitative and quantitative, and is based on new archival material, such as the case files of the Boston Juvenile Court and the Seine Juvenile Court in Paris
Stringam, Jean. "Canadian short adventure fiction in periodicals for adolescents, Canada, England, the United States, 1847-1914." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0007/NQ34842.pdf.
Full textSuniaga, Quijada José. "Nutrition azotée de la tomate de type déterminée, issue de semis : analyse de la croissance et du développement au stade jeune." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN10042.
Full textBEUN, STEPHANIE. "Habitudes alimentaires de 102 jeunes femmes agees de 16 a 25 ans admises dans les stages d'insertion sociale et de qualification professionnelle dans le nord-pas-de-calais." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M192.
Full textRamanamamonjy, Benjamin Philippe Constant. "Intérêts physiopathologiques, pronostiques et preventifs du dosage de la lipoprotéine (a) dans l'atherosclérose-implications pratiques : à partir de l'étude des différents stades évolutifs d'une jeune patiente poly-athéromateuse." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M004.
Full textMOREAU, ARNAUDO VERONIQUE. "Etat de sante des jeunes de 16 a 18 ans et de 19 a 25 ans admis dans les stages d'insertion sociale et de qualification professionnelle dans le puy-de-dome en 1987-88 et 1988-89." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF13043.
Full textChampy, Muriel. "Faire sa jeunesse dans les rues de Ouagadougou : ethnographie du bakoro (Burkina Faso)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100076.
Full textThis dissertation addresses the bakoroman, the street children and youth who live and sleep in the streets of the capital of Burkina Faso. Through theft, begging and petty jobs, the bakoroman participate in different niches of the urban economy that ensure their everyday survival, their access to various leisure activities and the possibility of sending occasional money to their parents. After two years of ethnographic observations, biographical interviews and quantitative data collection with the bakoroman, former bakoroman, and their families, I demonstrate that this erratic way of life should not automatically be interpreted as a marker of disaffiliation. Instead, juvenile mobility is considered as a normal form of temporary individualization in the local context. The bakoroman indeed describe themselves as young adventurers “in search of money”. But because of their usually fragile position in their lineage of origin, now exacerbated by a way of life shaped by illegality and deviance, the possibility of a brilliant return that would transform their often chaotic departures into an experience of personal affirmation appears unlikely. When they finally reach the age in which they are expected to settle down, they start to understand that a higher status is not obtained through the ephemeral money of bakoro but through the capacity to provide for their lineage, to inscribe their “own name” in its genealogy and to guarantee the generational perpetuation
Da, Cruz Michaël. "« Back to Tenochtitlan » : Migration de retour et nouvelles maquiladoras de la communication : Le cas des jeunes migrants employés dans les centres d’appel bilingues de la ville de Mexico." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3025/document.
Full textNot only are call centres a gateway into the labour market for young Mexican university students, but they are also becoming more and more significant for young Mexican return migrants from the USA and Canada. The latter are largely represented by young Mexican migrants referred to by migration scholars as belonging to the 1.5 generation. A symbol of the securitarian turn of American immigrant policies after 1986, they are a portion of the total of 2.1 million Mexicans who, arrived as minors, have not yet been able to acquire legal status in their "host country".Drawing from life histories interviews and from ethnographic fieldwork in Mexico City the thesis investigates the reasons that explain why they have returned to Mexico. For some the choice has not been of their making, yet others have willingly decided to return. More than a choice, this turning point in their lives is a response to the awareness of the social, economic and physical limitations they encounter as illegal immigrants in the USA. Once having returned to Mexico, most of them are employed in offshore bilingual call centres where their migration experience gives them a linguistic and cultural advantage compensating their lack of institutionally recognized educational degrees. While having a preferential position in this expanding sector, constantly recruiting new workers, nonetheless it is the only sector which offers good job opportunities for them
BENACEF, NADJIB. "Mise au point de methodes d'estimation du comportement du ble vis-a-vis de septoria nodorum au stade adulte a partir de tests realises sur des jeunes plantes : application a l'etude de la genetique de la resistance." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN10157.
Full textFortune, Yohann. "L'école sur les chemins du stade. L'athlétisme scolaire et son enseignement en France dans le second degré : entre mise en conformité du sport dans l'éducation physique scolaire et enculturation sportive de la jeunesse (1941-1967)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00803448.
Full textMaman, Waziri Khalid. "A stochastic earnings frontier approach to investigating labour market failures." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0164/document.
Full textThis doctoral thesis addresses issues related to employees’ imperfect information on the labour market and discrimination, generally all direct consequences of labour underpayment or “earnings inefficiency”. Workers are in a situation of earnings inefficiency when they do not receive the full potential remuneration corresponding to their human capital endowment: unfair pay for greater stock of human capital. This situation is problematic from a policy-makers point of view as it could weaken work incentives, discourage investments in human capital, and harm economic growth and competitiveness. It could also widen inequality within the society and contribute to the increase in relative poverty.The contribution we make through this work is threefold. First, we examine the integration of young people into the labour market from a new angle. Instead of examining whether individuals obtain stable employment or not, we use an approach that focuses on the quality of the job matching for young people entering the workforce and lacking labour market information. This first chapter provides empirical evidence on job search theories. In a second chapter, because of the considerable challenge of identifying and assessing discriminatory practices in the labour market, we propose an innovative and effective approach to examine the phenomenon of the glass ceiling (an invisible barrier to management positions associated with higher earnings). Finally, the last part of this doctoral thesis is devoted to improving the econometric approach we use. We propose a theoretical econometric model that improves correction for sample selection bias with stochastic frontier models
Coulibaly, Amidou. "Élaboration d'un programme théorique de supervision pédagogique pour les étudiants stagiaires de 3e année à l'INJS d'Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37343.
Full textQuébec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2019
Pashkeeva, Natalia. "Le Mouvement "universel" de la "jeunesse chrétienne", la YMCA américaine et les Russes : circulation des idées et transferts des méthodes d'organisation et d'action (deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle - 1939))." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH144.
Full textIn this thesis we first investigate the creation of a transnational network by the advocates of the Young People’ Global Christian Movement in the West in the latter half of the 19th century. Secondly, we analyze the interaction between the agents of the American branch of the Movement, the American YMCA, and the representatives of the Russian political, economic, religious and intellectual elites in Russia from the end of the 1890s and in Europe with the Russian émigrés in the period between the two world wars. Attempts to implant the American Association in the USSR in the 1920s are also considered.The Young People’ Christian Movement was conceived as a global space transcending national boundaries. The ambition of the advocates of this form of internationalism was to break the barriers of nationalities, politics, economic and social inequalities, religion or race. This utopian project was founded on the values, beliefs and principles of Evangelical Protestantism. The Movement’s universalism was founded on the concept of Christian communities’ “catholicity” and was following the logic of religious conversion. Its leaders were propagating the Vital Christianity. Refuting the conception of religion as a mystic quest and that of Christianity as a set of beliefs defined once and for all and focused on the rigid dogma and on the performance of a religious belief, the leaders of the Global Christian Movement were calling for a social activism of Christians and propagating their capacity to engage in practical problem solving in their own communities. With an initial focus on the mission of evangelization, the Young Christians’ Movement should be a bulwark against the growing secularism of society. However this Universalist project was itself the result of the secularization. Affirming “respect” for the “traditional” ecclesiastical structures, the Movement was guided by laypersons. Demonstrating an active concern for the means to treat the ailments of the modern industrial societies and to assure the progress of humanity, the leaders of the Young Christians’ Movement had an ambition to elaborate a “model” of a “modern” and “organized” Christian action, capable of ensuring the “integral” (moral, intellectual, physical and social) development of the individuals, with a particular emphasis on the training of the elites. Set in a long-term perspective, the ambition of the leaders of the Movement was to assure a complete social, political and economic transformation of human societies. Several problematic issues were explored: 1. The relationship between the “globalist” and “national” commitments, and the factors affecting the power relations between the different national cultures and determining the direction of circulation of ideas, experiences and practices within this internationalist movement; 2. The mechanism of and the motives invoked to justify the penetration of the American YMCA in the other countries, i.e. in Russia; 3. The relationship between religion and politics; 4. The relationship between Protestants and Orthodox Christians. This study addresses four key dichotomies: “universal” versus “national”, “laic” versus “religious”, “modernity” versus “tradition”, “political” versus “apolitical”
Leclerc, Véronique. "Impact des coupes forestières sur l'écologie des jeunes stades de vie chez la perchaude (Perca Flavescens) : perspectives pour la survie et le recrutement des populations." Thèse, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2764/1/D1896.pdf.
Full textSigouin, Élizabeth. "Les mécanismes de protection de la jeunesse autochtone au regard de la théorie libérale de Will Kymlicka." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2411.
Full textWith the massive extraction of native children from their communities, aboriginals are claiming more control over youth protection issues. These claims are part of a greater struggle for governmental autonomy. In our research we have examined how this collective right to autonomy can be reconciled with children's individual rights as pertains to the field ofyouth protection. Will Kymlicka's liberal theory, which reconciles individual and collective rights, will serve as our theoretical framework. We have surveyed four types of institutional establishments that strive to gamer more control for aboriginals over youth protection issues: 1) delegation of authority over the administration of provincial youth protection laws to the aboriginals ('delegated authority' models); 2) creation of aboriginal norms for youth protection according to a delegated authority (model created by the Spallumcheen band); 3) complete aboriginal authority within reserves and the application ofuniform federallaws outside ofreserves (model developed in the US) and 4) the recognition ofthe right to governmental autonomy (model developed by the Nisga'a Nation). We have tried to determine which model better fulfills the Kymlickan ideal. Our research has brought us to conclude that the model developed by the Nisga'a Nation affords an optimal conciliation of individual and collective rights as understood by Kymlicka's theory. Furthermore, our research has underlined certain inconsistencies in the Kymlickan approach: 1) Kymlicka's political theory does not consider the question of the incumbent of the right to governmental autonomy and 2) an approach based solely on institutional change (as Kymlicka's) is not sufficient in dealing with a problem as complex as aboriginal youth protection. In the first part of this thesis, we have analysed the historical and theoretical contexts of our research subject. In this section we consider the historical evolution of aboriginal youth protection and individual and collective rights. In the second part, we explore Kymlicka's theory, which we have applied in analyzing our four aboriginal youth protection models.
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit, option recherche". Ce mémoire a été accepté à l'unanimité et classé parmi les 5% des mémoires de la discipline. Commentaires du jury : "Excellente recherche et argumentaire impressionnant. Le jury encourage la candidate à poursuivre des études doctorales."