Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Jeunesse – Attitude (psychologie) – Mayotte'
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Yssouf, Rozette. "Les jeunes Mahorais : entre doute et peur, le choix de la sublimation contre l'effondrement psychique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAG008.
Full textThis research in clinical psychology focuses on the young people of Mayotte with the aim of getting to know them better, to better understand their psychological functioning in relation to their socio-cultural context. It is the result of a clinical observation made in Mayotte, first as a clinical psychologist and then as a doctoral student in psychology at youth associations and at the Mamoudzou hospital. Mayotte is the French island of the Comoros archipelago, which became the 101st French department in 2011 under the presidency of Nicolas Sarkozy. It is one of those French overseas territories where the confrontation between tradition and modernity as well as the issues of loss of reference points and identity crisis are still topical. In this thesis, we looked at the mental health of the youth of Mahoras and tried to understand the organization of the island's societal functioning as well as the factors that promote sublimation among young people. Indeed, these young people are many to question themselves in a Mahoran society where self-unveiling remains taboo and emotions, more precisely psychic difficulties are stifled. It is not customary to talk about what is wrong, what hurts, about the violence that one undergoes, nor about its psychological impact. These evils passed under silence are sometimes and often trivialized and create unimaginable psychic sufferings. In this particular context, the question has been raised as to how young Mahorais organise themselves to overcome their psychological difficulties and suffering. And this has led us to raise several questions. What defence mechanisms do they use to deal with their unbearable reality ? What strategies do they use to adapt to their reality? What means do they deploy to avoid psychological collapse ? In an attempt to answer all these questions, we conducted surveys among young people aged 18 to 35 years, interviewed in clinical interviews, to whom we submitted online questionnaires, psychological evaluation scales and a personality test (MMPI-2-RF) in order to gather as much information as possible. A large number of young Mahorais participated in our surveys, both students and young graduates and employees. We selected ten young men and women to illustrate our case studies.The results of this doctoral research tell us a lot about how Mahoran society functions today and especially about the mental health of its young people. We learn, for example, that matrilineality is a specific feature of Mayotte and the role played by women, especially mothers, in the education of their children is very important in the process of their psychological development. Indeed, the mother contributes to the emotional and psychological stability of the young people met and who participated in this research. This observation inevitably raises the question of the place and role of the father in the lives of young Mahorais. It also questions the effects of this absence of the paternal figure and its repercussions on the construction of identity of young Mahorais.Torn between tradition and modernity, suffering from a loss of identity and cultural references, some young Mahorais still manage to sublimate themselves, while others collapse and develop psychiatric disorders which can, in extreme cases, lead to the act of acting. This thesis proposes to reflect on and analyse the processes that lead to such different paths
Renard, Catherine. "Etude comparative de l'influence du milieu familial sur l'élaboration du projet d'avenir des adolescents." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05H064.
Full textThe study deals with a comparison between the prospective of teen agers living in their natural families and the prospective of teen agers depending on "social aid to childhood". It is based upon a book of questions proposed to 795 persons. It is divided into tree main axes : school prospective, professional prospective and family prospective. Apart from the family circle which is our principal factor, other factors such as sex, the age and the prepared diploma are taken into account. This study points out differences and similarities. Of special concern are the following points : - dealing with academic prospective, the cursus, the number of years of the projected studies as well as the representation of the diploma, - dealing with the professional prospective, the choice of a job and the representation of the latter, the characteristics of the profession and unemployment, - dealing with family prospective, couple life, the representation. .
Duvignau, Grandjean Bruno. "A propos du sida : connaissances et attitudes des jeunes : résultats d'une enquête auprés des appelés du service national." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M211.
Full textCléret, Baptiste. "Approches contextualisées des comportements de consommation culturelle des jeunes : regards ethnographiques sur le rap et l'Electrodance." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUED004.
Full textInspired by the Consumer Culture Theory (CCT) this doctoral research brings enlightenments on youth cultural consumption behavior in a contextualized approach, using the Cultural Studies framework. Ethnography of two cultural movements, Rap and Electrodance, explores youth's cultural collective practices, while taking into account existing relations between these young consumers and their social and cultural environment. The manual and computer assisted analysis of field data brings to the foreground a chronomogical and structural reading grid allowing the understanding of both youth consumption practices and cultural movement evolution, of which youths are both members and promoters. Results show how youth cultural consumption structures itself around a stylistic set. Style embodies the visible part of youth movements, compared to any other consumer collectives, through which young consumers express resistance or differentiation from outsiders, whether it is dominant culture, parental culture or other movements. By adapting the cultural meaning transfer framework to young consumers, this work reveals reciprocal influence between cultural movement young members and their environment. In fact, even though the young consumer is still influenced by his (or her) social and cultural frame he grows up, he is also a "sense-builder" whose practices and sense-making influences back the social and cultural frame. Beyond being a consumption prescriber in the familu, a customer and a budding consumer, youth embodies a creative actor and a culture producer
Perrissol, Stéphane. "Exposition sélective appliquée aux objets alcool et tabac : influence de la structure et de la mesure de l'attitude." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20036.
Full textAccording to selective exposure's theory, people tend to expose themselves to consonant information and to avoid discrepant ones (Festinger, 1957). However, many studies do not succeed in highlighting dissonant informations avoidance. Three explanation have been proposed. The first one assumes the existence of many factors that could moderate or modulate the relation between attitude and exposure. The second one do not agree with the existence of these processes and reduces them to a simple context effect. At least, the third one postulates that contradictory results come from measures. This work mainly deals with this last alternative. It explores the structure of attitude and uses different measures (attitude and behavior questionnaires, implicit measure). Furthermore, many new selective exposure measures are elaborated. Finally, all the experiments deal with alcohol and tobacco and allow us to gather information on the real impact of advertising and prevention for these hot topics
Rumeau, David. "Formes et imaginaire de la fracture générationnelle. De la violence diffuse de la société à la rage de vivre juvénile." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30056.
Full textAfter the years 60 s & 70 s, after the time of the time of the big economical & social modifications, the cultural explosions, the evolution of custums, the improbable. . . The 80 s we caracterized by a reversal of the way of behaving, to be, to think of the youth. So, these years embody a determining date which corresponds to the end of time (any possible) and beginning of this other world (the agonie) which is our. That we attended the emergence of a new tribe of young rebels and that took place the sliding of the revolt towards the destruction, the passive nihilism, the presenteisme. . . This revolt joins with the framework of the industrial economic, political strife launched by this born piece of the young the 60 s against the system. The rock by means of its diverse trajectories and of its symbols, offer us a voice privileged to the interpretation of led young current in approach of the phenomena which testify of the degradation and the institutionalization of the revolt and the emancipation fumes there to live. Today, the revolt, that it was spectacular or subterranean, shous it self in a deserving and violent way. The one who we interlook caracterice by an attempt to transform self-destruction and average risk, of emancipation, or of rebellion. Because it implies and explains this gestation of “a new wisdom”, but especially, obliged us to wonder about the place which leaves our society with its youth. The self destruction, the excessive gout of the risk, the suicidal behaviour, are commit suicide occasional and progressive whitch coutain as the suicide an inflexible message. The suicide means not only the shout of the despair in front of indomnitable suffering, nor the risk, the testymony of one freedom from care, of the limit stade, or the incapacity to be happy. It’s so about is it shape, the ultimate movement of revolt, the radical expression of the anger and the negation; an exit at the same moment in the revolt&in the resignation. The slow surrender , this walking towards the death which, include the temporary collection of reassurance and enjoyment, isn’t revealing of instinct of death. It doesn’t express a desire to die but the incapacity to live in a singular context. And every disappearance carries in it a condemnation of survivors and denounces the “vulgarity” of the capacity and the will been incensed to live as “fishes of blind caves”
Giron, Céline. "La représentation sociale du chômage chez les adolescents : étude de sa fonction de faire-face à la menace du chômage." Reims, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REIML002.
Full textUnemployment is now a structural element of the economic reality. Because of its extent and its spreading, unemployment constitutes a significant threat for adolescents : young people are specially vulnerable to unemployment which is a social and economic precariousness factor. Unemployment is therefore a stress factor. Adolescents can cope with this stressor by developing a certain social representation of unemployment and unemployed persons. The aim of this study is to analyse this sociocognitive process of coping. This research is based on i/an exploratory study, carried out by interviews ; it constitutes an initial approach of the unemployment representations among secondary school students, 2/ a pre-survey carried out by questionnaires among vocational secondary students ; it attempts to identify the relationship between stress and social representation of unemployment, 3/ a survey carried out by questionnaires among vocational, technical and general secondary students ; it shows in which conditions the social representation of unemployment can help young people to cope with the stress caused by unemployment threat. This study shows that the stress coping function of the social representation of unemployment changes according to the subjects' potential employability
Havard, Jean-François. "Bul faale ! : processus d'individualisation de la jeunesse et conditions d'émergence d'une "génération politique" au Sénégal." Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL20029.
Full textThe relations between politics and Senegal's youth have gone through a dramatic change since the late eighties. This phenomenon is due to the processes of individualisation and the reassessment of collective identities and it combines the structuring of generational ideal of emancipation embodied by the slogan " Bul faale " and the increasingly assertive " wolof-murid " identity model. The general questioning of a policy whose key-principles were deeply rooted in the " Senegalese social contract " - which itself had been reasserted in the wake of independence – Then made it possible for urban youth to develop a generational political consciousness and forms of mobilisation which were to play a decisive role during the political alternation in 2000. The " bul faale " generation was then to become a " political generation ". Nevertheless, these processes are also part and parcel of the unravelling of a harmonious pattern based on ethnic groups or brotherhoods, a system long regarded as an example
Roques, Jean-Luc. "L'être en projet de jeunes dans une configuration locale : pour une sociologie des processus oscillatoires des attitudes juvéniles." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30004.
Full textBrossard, Baptiste. "Les conditions sociales de l'automutilation juvenile : une approche sociologique." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0034.
Full textThesis proposes a sociological approach to self-injury practices, a matter which is traditionally studied by psychology. This practice is defined as deliberate and repetitive self-inflicted injury, which is socially stigmatized and performed in order to relieve oneself of some kind of malaise this is done without any conscious suicidal, sexual or esthetical intentions. The empirical material is mostly composed of repeated in depth interviews with adolescents and young adults who were recruited in online forums and mental health establishments. Following a methodological discussion on the particularities of these fields of investigation, the analysis is presented around two main lines. First, I provide a concrete description of how self-injury occurs in regard to the life trajectories of the affected individuals, the everyday occurrence of this behavior, and the practical modalities of such acts. Second, the search for some "social conditions" of self-injury is the crux of the analysis. Individual case studies elaborate the three dimensions of self-harming practices -secrecy, deviance and self-aggressivity -which contribute to its effectiveness and relative choice. This perspective leads to a sociological interpretation where self-injury is considered in light of the social positions into families of the subjects, the issue being crucial in their school lives, their social belonging, as well as in their corporeal experiences and gender identities. This thesis provides a reflection on the social circumstances which facilitate the recourse to self -injury. It leads to an examination of such practices as a technique of self-control
Belgacem, Dalila. "A la recherche d'un lien. . . : lien d'amour, lien de haine : les jeunes de quartiers dits "sensibles" face à la société." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0022.
Full textCorroy, Laurence. "Prises de paroles des lycéens et des étudiants au XIXe siècle : émergence d'une presse spécifique." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030046.
Full textThe expression of the world vision is an issue for the back of history in the 19th first appear. In fact, under the Restauration then the July monarchy, the newspapers from the French National Library expressed the desire of the young even though the government and the educational establishment refuse to recognize them. Despite the obstacles they faced an unceasing censorship students newspapers developed - the 1881 freedom of the press law indeed encouraged this development. This press thought to develop links between grammar school and university students and abroad. This press analysed students representations of the world in which they lived - the everyday familiar world of working people and of feminine domestic help; it also shades light on bourgeois society and its triumphant rhetoric. The established press did not always look favourably on these mass pieces of the young : the uncouth dynamism of the young disturbed the journalists of the established press who considered that they did not sufficient respect to their elders
Tazé, Sophie. "La formation relationnelle des opinions : étude des opinions des jeunes relatives au sida dans des situations d'hétérogénéité cognitive." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50377-2007-3.pdf.
Full textSlooter, Luuk Adrianus. "The Making of the Banlieue : an Ethnography of Space, Identity and Violence." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0164.
Full textThe banlieues of Paris have a notorious reputation. They provoke images of perpetual crisis, informed by vandalism, rioting, criminality, and chronic poverty. Drawing on extensive ethnographic research, this book explores the 'making' of the French suburban crisis as constituted both 'externally' and 'internally'. It reveals how the French state's understanding of banlieue violence, and subsequent policy measures, contribute to the constitution and hardening of social and spatial boundaries between 'us' and 'them', and 'here' and 'there'. But most importantly, this book takes the reader on a journey from the city center of Paris to the heart o 4000sud. It unveils how young suburban residents try to cope simultaneously with the negative images imposed on them from the outside, and the disciplinary expectations of their peers on the street, In search for identity and dignity they navigate life through diverging strategies: the> escape the neighborhood, contest stereotypical images through contentious performances, or they confirm and act out the image of'gangster from the ghetto'. Drawing on Urban Sociology, Human Geography, and Cultural Anthropology this book offers new analytical vocabularies to understand the connections between place-making processes, social identity dynamics and violent performances
Landry, Mickaël. "Le mineur et le juge pénal au XIXème siècle." Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40025.
Full textGabay-Mariani, Laëtitia. "Le processus entrepreneurial à l'épreuve de l'engagement : contributions théoriques et méthodologiques à l'analyse de l'engagement des entrepreneurs naissants : une application au contexte de l'entrepreneuriat étudiant." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALG001.
Full textOver the last few years, the incentives for entrepreneurship have multiplied in media discourses, and have thrown our governments into a dynamic of promoting and supporting entrepreneurship, especially among young people. Despite the proliferation of public and private initiatives going in this direction, the transformation into entrepreneurial action remains problematic, 5% of the French population being effectively involved in gestation activities (GEM, 2018-2019). And when actions are actually carried out to create a new activity, they in no way presume the continuation or the future success of the project. There is therefore a stake in better understanding what can encourage, strengthen and influence nascent entrepreneurs’ path.This questioning is in line with recent calls from the entrepreneurial literature to investigate the entrepreneurial intention-action gap, to better understand the volitional phase of the entrepreneurial process, especially its self-regulation mechanisms. This doctoral work is in line with of these efforts, and examines the role of the nascent entrepreneur's commitment profile in this crucial phase of the entrepreneurial process. It proposes to operationalize the organizational commitment model developed by Allen and Meyer (1990), differentiating affective, normative and calculated commitments, in the context of nascent entrepreneurship. It questions the forms that engagement can take in this specific context of creation and emergence, but also the factors leading to their development and their behavioral consequences in terms of investment (personal resources, overinvestment).The protocol underlying this thesis combines qualitative surveys (semi-directed interviews and focus groups) and three quantitative surveys by questionnaire on samples of nascent entrepreneurs from Observatory Impact of the Chaire Pépite France. It enabled to test and validate two new measurement scales: a two-dimensional (affective and instrumental) entrepreneurial commitment scale and a side-bets scale based on the work of Howard Becker (1960). Doing so, it questioned the classic three-dimensional factorial structure of commitment models, and shed light on the specificities of the entrepreneurial situation, compared to the organizational context in which most of these models have been developed. It also identified the factors - individual, social and resource-related - and behavioral consequences of different forms of entrepreneurial engagement. Finally, it resulted in the construction of a taxonomy revealing three engagement profiles among nascent entrepreneurs: the weakly committed, the affectively committed and the fully committed. This classification was consistent with the levels of advancement and investment of nascent entrepreneurs from each group.The results of this work reveal that the commitment profile of nascent entrepreneurs plays a crucial role in the way they will invest themselves and persist into the entrepreneurial process. They refine our understanding of how nascent entrepreneurs can feel tied to their project, but also to the broader process of becoming entrepreneurs. In that, they are important for public institutions and professionals seeking to consolidate entrepreneurial careers, especially of students and young graduates
Guerin, Florian. "Enjeux socio-urbains du noctambulisme : Les cas de Paris et Madrid au début du XXIe siècle." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1004/document.
Full textNight-strolling is a phenomenon emerging in the dynamic metropolitan cities like Paris and Madrid. Having party in town during the night-time is a practice democratized among urban young people. They go out of the merchant locations and take a large quantity of alcohol, tobacco and drugs. The negative social representations refer to a public health problem (“stoned” vulnerable young people) and a legal problem of the way to “live together”. Night symbolic highlights these dimensions. Night-time has become an electoral issue. Analyzing the construction of a public policy about nightlife reflects the gap between the actors in negotiation and the night-strolling. A biased public participation – without the night-strollers - allows the legitimation of socio-technical systems of repression. Residents-plaintiffs attack the noise terraces, ownerships of night-enterprises defend the economic development and institutional actors encourage night tourism attraction. However, this social phenomenon highlights the desynchronization of social rhythms and urban temporalities, specific to the third modernity. Understanding how young people publicize this desynchronization in situation give elements about norms and values produced. This study deals with their tactics face the urban planning, the management of the stigma they carry, the forms of legitimization in the ordinary placement of urban nights. The symbolic conflicts of nocturnal cohabitation emerge by the voice of night-strollers: a youth recognition problem
Selponi, Yohan. "Le gouvernement des conduites juvéniles populaires : prévenir les addictions en milieu scolaire dans un département rural du Sud-Ouest." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH014.
Full textEvery year in France, according to educational laws, prevention initiatives on drugs and alcohol addiction/addiction behavior should be organized in every school. We study the social conditions of the implementation of such interventions in rural department of southern France. How do the production conditions of prevention policies influence the social space of drug consumers local care? How do the investments of agents in preventive actions legitimate their ordinary work? How do public actors build the professional legitimacy of these workers? How the implementation of a public policy as the prevention of addictions at school, contributes to the institutional order it is inscribed in? On one hand, prevention of addictions is based on a gendered division of the ways populations called at risk's are controlled: on one side, activities socially drawn as feminine (prevention, listening and care); on the other side's masculine's ones (repression, discipline and work). Agents who intervene at school belong to different spaces (artistic field, medical field and penal field) in which prevention is symbolically devalued. On the contrary, at school, they can enhance their position. On the other hand, by their reappropiations of school space, the staging of students's bodies and their use of a real talk's, agents of prevention try to distinguish themselves from the way they think students perceive them and the school system. The combination of these attempts of distinction and the need to "hold" students, make easier boys's involvements during these interventions
Perchec, Cyrille. "Sources de la connaissance parentale des activités de temps libre de l’adolescent et ajustement psychosocial de l’adolescent : approches nomothétique et idiographique de dynamiques complexes." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20020/document.
Full textParental knowledge of adolescent leisure activities is widely recognized as a strong predictor of adolescent psychosocial adjustment. However, the issue of its sources remains at the heart of debates. According to some authors, parental knowledge is the result of parental monitoring efforts; for others, it is the only fruit of the adolescent willingness in information management. This thesis aims to identify the sources of parental knowledge of adolescent leisure activities and the determinants of adolescent psychosocial adjustment, and to examine the bidirectional influences betweenmother and adolescent conceived as a dynamic system. During 30 weeks on a weekly basis, 21 participants (mean age 16.6 years at the beginning of our longitudinal follow-up study) were invited to fill a short online questionnaire that assessed their perception of change regarding maternal knowledge, maternal monitoring practices (i.e., solicitation, control andfreedom), adolescent management of information (i.e., self-disclosure and secrecy), quality of the mother-adolescent relationship and adolescent psychosocial adjustment (i.e., internalized and externalized). Data from this intensive measurement design were analyzed both at a nomothetic (i.e., linear mixed models across the group of subjects) and anidiographic level (i.e., vector autoregressive models across each motheradolescent system), in both cases by focusing on the study of dynamic effects (influence of the state of the system at time t- 1 on the state of the system at time t ).Our results show that parental knowledge depends on both the self-disclosure of adolescent and maternal solicitation. The quality of the relationship also plays a key role, including as a moderator variable of the sources of parental knowledge. In terms of psychosocial adjustment of adolescents, our results indicate that parental monitoring practices can not be considered as favorable or deleterious in itself. Instead, parenting practices and information management by adolescenthave different effects depending on the context in which they take place. Finally, in an idiographic approach, we show that the reciprocal influences within the motheradolescent dynamic system are positive feedback processes
Belkebir, Joumana. "Analyse exploratoire du comportement de deux catégories de jeunes consommateurs marocains de spectacles de football et de jeux vidéo de football." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH010.
Full textNowadays, there is a managerial and academic interest in analyzing the consumption behavior of moroccan football spectators and football video game players aged between 8 and 24. A managerial interest because the young Moroccans constitute a major market and a source of revenue for the football sector in Morocco and an academic interest considering the lack of research in the international and Moroccan marketing literature concerning these types of behaviors. The concept of identity is particularly important to explain the behavior of this category of adolescents. In this perspective, our doctoral work aims to show the importance of the young and Moroccan identity in relation to other more traditional variables (environmental, socio-demographic and experiential), when it is related to passionate and (or) partisan consumption of football shows and football video games. Through a qualitative and quantitative exploratory approach, our research essentially highlights profiles of young moroccan spectators and players, and analyzes the relationship between the consumption of football shows and football video games. In addition, this study highlights the emergence of a female and connected football consumption shows among young Moroccans between 8 to 24. Finally, our results can help managers to adapt their distribution and communication strategies of football video games and football shows to these segments