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Journal articles on the topic 'Jewish women – Social conditions – 20th Century'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Halpern, Ayana, and Dayana Lau. "Social Work Between Germany and Mandatory Palestine: Pre- and Post-Immigration Biographies of Female Jewish Practitioners as a Case Study of Professional Reconstruction." Naharaim 13, no. 1-2 (2019): 163–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/naha-2018-0103.

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Abstract When social work emerged as a profession in the first decades of the 20th century, it was strongly influenced by emancipatory motives introduced by various sociocultural and religious movements, and at the same time devoted itself to the construction and maintenance of a powerful welfare and nation state. Transnational agents and social movements promoted these processes and played a crucial role in establishing and developing national welfare systems and relevant professional discourses. This article examines the gendered construction of the social work profession through the transna

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Thomas, Katarzyna. "Various Aspects of the Charitable Activity of Jews in Drohobych in the Early 20th Century." Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia 18 (2021): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843925sj.20.002.13870.

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The article describes the charitable activities of Jews in Drohobych during the Habsburg monarchy and at the beginning of the Polish state. The associations described, run mainly by women, worked mainly for the benefit of Jewish orphans and children of impoverished families. The significant presence of Jews among the owners of oil companies largely contributed to the development of charity activities in the form of institutions meeting the needs of specific social groups.

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Bilousova, Liliia. "Emigration of Jews from Odessa to Argentina in the Late 19th - Early 20th century." Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no. 29 (November 10, 2020): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2020.29.036.

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The article deals with the history of emigration of Jews from the south of Ukraine to Argentina in the late 19th - early 20th century and the role of Odessa in the organizational, economic and educational support of the resettlement process. An analysis of the transformation of the idea of the Argentine project from the beginning of compact settlements to the possibility of creating a Jewish state in Patagonia is given. There are provided such aspects as reasons, preconditions and motives of emigration, its stages and results, the exceptional contribution of the businessman and philanthropis

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Vilasi, Antonella Colonna. "Israel and the Middle East: The creation of a Nation." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 3 (2018): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0047.

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Abstract In order to properly study the foundation of a State, a paradigm of thought or any other organization, we should analyze the historical context which produced the conditions for this phenomenon to happen, in all its variables and components. The Jewish question cannot certainly be relegated only to the 20th century, but surely it was the century in which the cultural, political, economic, and social debate was the expression of a collective will to create a Nation and develop and transform it into a key country in the context of global geopolitics.

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Slozkin, Maksym. "Peasantry of Right-Bank Ukraine in socio-ethnic relations at the beginning of the 20th century." Scientific Papers of the Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University. History 45 (January 15, 2025): 131–49. https://doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2024-45.131-149.

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The study aims to characterize the role of Ukrainian peasantry in ethno-social interactions in the Right-Bank Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century, based on archival sources, scholarly literature, and periodical press. The methodological framework of this research employs principles of scientific inquiry, including historicism, analysis and synthesis, interdisciplinarity, as well as specifically historical methods such as historical-genetic, comparative, typological, systematic, and structural-analytical approaches. The analysis of periodical press involved the application of journalis

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Fields, Marjory Diana. "Women in American Labour Movement." International Journal of Public and Private Perspectives on Healthcare, Culture, and the Environment 3, no. 2 (2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijppphce.2019070104.

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In this article, the author examines the history of exclusion and sex-based discrimination against U.S. women workers seeking to join unions established by men. The author describes how groups of women and girls working in fabric mills in the 19th Century took strike action against work speed up and increased production requirements, making demands for higher wages, equal pay with men, improved working conditions, clean water, health care and time off. Then, in the early 20th century, women teachers formed their own unions to gain increased pay and pension plans, and for social justice. These

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Levchenko, Larysa, and Alexander Krakovsky. "Jewish genealogical sources in Dnieper Ukraine at the end of the 18th – beginning of the 20th century: A Historiography." Scientific Papers of the Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University. History 42 (January 12, 2024): 147–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2023-42.147-179.

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This article focuses on the analysis and critique of scientific literature devoted to the sources of Jewish Genealogical Sources in Dnieper Ukraine at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 20th century. The methodological basis of the article is the generally accepted principles of historicism, objectivity and systematicity, as well as the historiographical analysis and synthesis, historical-genetic, comparative-historical, typological, and other methods. The scientific novelty lies in the creation of a historiographical model which includes an analysis of the conditions for the development o

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Koeltzsch, Grit Kirstin. "DANCING THROUGH ANTHROPOLOGICAL BOUNDARIES: FEMALE ARTIST-ETHNOGRAPHERS IN THE 20TH CENTURY." Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology), no. 2025 - № 1 (March 25, 2025): 72–90. https://doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2025-1/72-90.

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This article examines the lives and works of five women who contributed to the field of anthropology in the mid-20th century, especially to the sub-discipline, anthropology of dance. It is about the African-American artist-anthropologists Katherine Dunham (1909–2006), Pearl Primus (1919–1994), Zora Neale Hurston (1891–1960), the Jewish-Ukrainian experimental filmmaker Maya Deren (1917–1961), and the American dancer and dance therapist Franziska Boas (1902–1988). Even though not all had formal anthropological training, they stood out for their creative achievements and theoretical approaches to

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Motuz, Valeria. "The history of the transformation of women of Naddnipryansk Ukraine from an object into a subject of the political process: from idea to practical implementation." Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: History. Political Studies 10, no. 28-29 (2020): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2020-10-28-29-99-108.

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The article substantiates the theoretical and practical foundations of the development of the women’s movement in Naddnipryan Ukraine in the conditions of active politicization of society in the late 19th – early 20th century. When the object of the study is the increase by women from Naddnipryanskaya Ukraine of their social status in society, and the subject is their transformation from an object into a subject of political activity. This process is revealed from the standpoint of the influence of the politicization of Ukrainian society in the late 19th – early 20th century on the movement of

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Marinkovic, Ivan. "Causes of death in Serbia since the mid-20th century." Stanovnistvo 50, no. 1 (2012): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1201089m.

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The structure of the leading causes of death in Serbia has considerably changed in the last half century. Diseases which presented the main threat to the population a few decades ago are now at the level of a statistical error. On the one side are causes which drastically changed their share in total mortality in this time interval, while others have shown stability and persistence among the basic causes of death. Acute infectious diseases "have been replaced" with chronic noninfectious diseases, due to the improvement of general and health conditions. One of the consequences of such changes i

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Khlanta, Yevheniia, and Valentyna Delenko. "Development of women’s higher education in Galicia (late 19th – early 20th century)." Visnyk of Lviv University. Series Pedagogics, no. 40 (2024): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vpe.2024.40.12236.

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The article is dedicated to the study of women’s access to higher education in Galicia during the late 19th to the early 20th century. It delves into the historical context and social dynamics that shaped women’s opportunities to pursue higher education in the region. It is noted that women’s access to higher education was significantly limited and deferred compared to other countries – women were not granted the right to attend universities until 1897, and even after gaining this right, they faced discrimination and inequality. The author emphasizes the restrictions on women’s access to highe

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Kumar, Raj, and Sanjeev Kumar. "Beyond the Shadows: Unveiling the Socio-Political Contribution of Women in Colonial Rajasthan in India." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 9, no. 7 (2024): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2024.v09.n07.021.

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The paper deals in Socio-Political aspects of women in Rajputana region during the freedom struggle especially during the 20th century. The authors have read literature of the period and later one to know about the women of the period. Most literature focused upon the Elite women like the Royal Rajput ladies. So, this paper tries to fill in the gap by shedding light on non-elite women including the tribal women. Firstly, they talk about social conditions in which women had to live like Purdah, Sati, Witchcraft or Dakan etc. Women could go to fairs but their outer mobility was limited. After ta

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Sorokina, E. A. "Women's Narrative in Sweden: The Path to Gender Equality." HISTORY OF EVERYDAY LIFE 3, no. 31 (2024): 87–108. https://doi.org/10.35231/25422375_2024_3_87.

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The article analyzes the transformations of the position, rights and opportunities of Swedish women throughout the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century in the family, in the labor market, and in the socio-political sphere. It seems relevant to study various changes in the legal, social, and labor status of Swedish women in the context of everyday life and interaction with the specific socio-economic conditions of Sweden in recent decades. The tasks and process of implementing a set of measures to achieve gender equality is complex and multi-component. Manifestations of this proce

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AbuSrihan, Naser, and Jon Anson. "Fertility Decline in Bedouin Society in the Negev, Israel, in the Early 21st Century." Population Review 62, no. 2 (2023): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/prv.2023.a903515.

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Abstract: At the end of the 20th century, the recorded total fertility of the Bedouin in Israel was over 10 children per woman, one of the highest levels ever recorded in human history. In the first decade of the present century, fertility declined by almost 50% and has since stabilized. This article examines how fertility decline is related to other social changes: the rise in living standards, in education and paid work, especially for women; the move to urban dwelling, beside the continuation of life in the unrecognized villages; the permeation of new aspirations and lifestyles, but also th

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Allardt, Erik. "Perspektiv och perspektivförskjutningar inom nordisk." Dansk Sociologi 11, no. 4 (2006): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v11i4.632.

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Paradigms and vicissitudes in the perspectives of 20th century Nordic sociology  Both as regards its own development and its cultural impact 20th century was an era of sociology. There was, however, in the central focuses considerable vicissitudes, clearly observable in the sociology of the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The de-velopmental patterns can be divided into three periods: (1) an emphasis on evolution and evolutionary explanations of social behavior up to the First World War, (2) a during most of the century prevailing dominance of a soci

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Batmaev, Maksim M. "Women of the Noyon Estate in the Kalmyk Khanate in the 18th Century: towards the Everyday Life History." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 16, no. 4 (2024): 656–67. https://doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2024-4-656-667.

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Introduction. There are good sketches about the status of the Kalmyk women in everyday life and social relations in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the pre-revolutionary historical literature on the Kalmyks. The 18th century was an important stage in the formation of new realities in the Kalmyk everyday life and in this regard in the development of socio-psychological mentality. Living in the south of the European Russia, where the spirit of the Cossacks and the fugitive peasantry had a great place in the mentality of the local population, could not fail to affect the Kalmyks, including

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Tasca, Cecilia, Mariangela Rapetti, Mauro Giovanni Carta, and Bianca Fadda. "Women And Hysteria In The History Of Mental Health." Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 8, no. 1 (2012): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901208010110.

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Hysteria is undoubtedly the first mental disorder attributable to women, accurately described in the second millennium BC, and until Freud considered an exclusively female disease. Over 4000 years of history, this disease was considered from two perspectives: scientific and demonological. It was cured with herbs, sex or sexual abstinence, punished and purified with fire for its association with sorcery and finally, clinically studied as a disease and treated with innovative therapies. However, even at the end of 19th century, scientific innovation had still not reached some places, where the o

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Haliwa, Pinhas. "Laws of Succession Ordinances by the Religious Leadership of Sephardi and Moroccan Jewish Communities and Their Economic, Social and Gender Implications." Religions 14, no. 7 (2023): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14070819.

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This paper discusses the innovativeness of the Inheritance Ordinance introduced in Toledo during the 12th century and later reintroduced in Fez in Morocco following the expulsion of Jewish communities from Spain and Portugal. Community leaders in Toledo, and after the expulsion also in Fes, transformed the laws of succession established in biblical times by granting women equal rights on matters of inheritance by marriage. The ordinance also granted unmarried daughters the right to inherit alongside their brothers despite the fact that, according to biblical law, daughters do not inherit when

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Gabdrafikova, Liliya R. "Mugallima: Tatar women’s new social and professional role in the early 20th century." RUDN Journal of Russian History 18, no. 2 (2019): 302–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2019-18-2-302-319.

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In this article, the author discusses a new social group within the Tatar secular intelligentsia - the female teachers ( mugallima s) of the national primary schools. The study is based on personal documents, in particular memories and autobiographies. At the turn of the 20th century, the issue of female education became particularly important in Tatar society. The author shows the transformation of the role of the ostazbika - the imam’s wife who traditionally used to teach the girls of the Muslim community - and presents an overview of the ﬁrst Tatar girl schools. Pointing out the sources of

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Pushkareva,, N. L., and O. I. Sekenova. "“DOING HOUSEWORK”: DOMESTIC WORKERS IN EVERYDAY LIFE OF WOMEN-HISTORIANS OF THE 1ST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 4(51) (2020): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2020-4-5-15.

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The article focuses on the practices used by the first Russian women-historians in the 1st half of the 20th century to reconcile the main job, i.e. academic researches, and the domestic chores. Based on ego-documents (diaries, memoirs and personal letters), the authors try to reconstruct the main principles and strategies that successful Russian women-historians used for managing their various professional and home duties. The article also analyzes the practices of interaction between women-researchers and their maids who helped them to handle household affairs. Before the Great Revolution, ne

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Biktimirova, Tamina A. "Tatar ladies in higher educational institutions of the Russian empire (late 19th – early 20th century)." Historical Ethnology 9, no. 1 (2024): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/he.2024-9-1.49-60.

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This article provides archival information about Tatar girls who studied at Russian universities at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. It informs about the educational institutions they attended, admission to schools and the learning environment conditions. During that period, women received education mainly in St. Petersburg. Raziya Kutluyarova was the first among Tatar ladies to study at higher medical courses. It is also known that Amina Batyrshina studied at that school, who later became famous as a doctor and public figure in the city of Baku. In addition, young Tatar women studied

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Gallyamova, Zemfira V. "HEALTHCARE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SOCIAL POLICY OF THE SOVIET STATE IN THE LATE 1920S-30S OF THE XXTH CENTURY (BY THE MATERIALS OF NIZHNY NOVGOROD AND KIROV REGIONS)." Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 14, no. 2 (2022): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2022-14-2-61-77.

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Background. The processes of modernisation in the late 20s-30s of the 20th century (or in the 20-30s of the 20th century) resulted in qualitative changes in all life spheres of the Russian society. The radical renewal of industrial production was accompanied by the creation of a complex social infrastructure. This causes interest in the organization of the healthcare system as a criterion for socially-oriented management under a large-scale transformation of Russia. Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyse health care as a modernisation element of social and economic changes during

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Farooqui, Rummana, and Eman AlDoseri. "Gender Roles in Transition: A Study of Women Issues and the Changing Role of Gender in the Feminist Literature from the Progressive Era." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 7, no. 5 (2024): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2024.7.5.6.

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The purpose of this study is to explore the role of women in the Progressive Era through different stories written during similar times, as well as to develop deeper insight into the social and emotional impact on the personal freedom of women. During the 1900s, women were considered inferior in a patriarchal society. They were subdued and discriminated against in all walks of life, and they were obliged to perform family duties and society. Before the Progressive Era, women were oppressed and treated as second-class citizens. They were considered only wives and mothers, created only to obey a

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Lagunova, Irina S. "The Problem of Understanding the Essence of Femininity in Western and Russian Society." Sociopolitical Sciences 15, no. 2 (2025): 236–43. https://doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2025-15-2-236-243.

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Interest in the specifics of female nature, the differences between “female” and “male” has existed at all times. In the 20th century, such interest was largely transformed into slogans and social transformations, movements for equal participation of women, along with men, in various social institutions and public administration. The XXI century marked a new wave of interest in the study of the topic of “femininity”. It is largely due to the fact that conditions for the active participation of women in various spheres of society have already been created, many women occupy leading positions in

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Radivojevic, Biljana, and Vukica Veljanovic-Moraca. "Importance of bio-medical and socio-economic factors for increase of life expectancy." Stanovnistvo 42, no. 1-4 (2004): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv0404093r.

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This paper analyzes the connection between life expectancy according to sex and numerous factors on which its level depends on. Statistical analysis understood application of correlation and regression analysis for determining the connection strength of life expectancy and researched factors separately and then all factors together, as well as separately groups of health-medical and socio-economic factors. The analysis was carried out for a group of developed countries, medium developed, mixed group and Yugoslavia (now SCG) on available data for the second half of the 20th century. Analysis re

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Mwalulesa, Azania Emmanuel, Frank Julius, and Felistas Mahonge. "The Portrayal of the 21st Century Kenya." East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (2025): 16–26. https://doi.org/10.37284/eajass.8.2.2939.

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The article examines the enduring relevance of three plays by Francis Imbuga—The Successor, Game of Silence, and Betrayal in the City—to Kenya's 21st-century socio-political landscape. Despite being written in the 20th century, these plays address contemporary issues such as corruption, poor governance, nepotism, cruelty against women, and disillusionment among citizens, which are still significant in Kenya today. The study uses Marxist literary theory to analyze the plays. This theoretical framework helps uncover socio-political ideologies and dynamics, including the mistreatment of peasants

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Krieger, Nancy, and Elizabeth Fee. "Man-Made Medicine and Women's Health: The Biopolitics of Sex/Gender and Race/Ethnicity." International Journal of Health Services 24, no. 2 (1994): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/lwlh-nmcj-uacl-u80y.

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National vital statistics in the United States present data in terms of race, sex, and age, treated as biological variables. Some races are clearly of more interest than others: data are usually available for whites and blacks, and increasingly for Hispanics, but seldom for Native Americans or Asians and Pacific Islanders. These data indicate that white men and women generally have the best health and that men and women, within each racial/ethnic group, have different patterns of disease. Obviously, the health status of men and women differs for conditions related to reproduction, but it diffe

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Бірюльов, Ю. "Творчість єврейських скульпторів у Львові в 1919-1941 рр." ВІСНИК Львівської національної академії мистецтв, № 35 (16 липня 2018): 55–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1313084.

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Objectives: to determine and systematize principal imaginative-stylistic and national peculiarities of sculptural art of Lviv Jewish sculptors in the period from 1919 to 1941. For the first time in the study of art this article in an integrated manner presents the view of imaginative-stylistic and national originality of Jewish sculptural heritage of Lviv of that period that has not been explored until present time and provides new biographical details of the sculptors. Discussion of the problem. The origins of efflorescence of the Jewish plastic arts in Lviv in the Inter-War Period can be fou

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Butovskaya, M. L., and E. B. Guchinova. "Men and Women in Contemporary Kalmykia: Traditional Gender Stereotypes and Reality." Inner Asia 3, no. 1 (2001): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146481701793647741.

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AbstractKalmyk social life has been transformed over the 20th century, and this article documents changes specifically in the sexual division of labour and gender relations. Previous social norms (which differed from widely-held suppositions aboutmale dominance in all spheres of life)were drastically altered by the Soviet regime, changing work patterns and living conditions for both sexes. The article focuses mainly on Post-Socialist transformations, which are discussed through analysis of field-data concerning Kalmyk children. It was found that there are significant differences between the pl

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POGHOSYAN, VLADIMIR. "CHANGES IN AFGHAN SOCIETY IN THE 20TH CENTURY (ETHNIC AND WOMEN'S ISSUES)." Scientific bulletin 2, no. 47 (2024): 7–18. https://doi.org/10.24234/scientific.v2i47.160.

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Ethnic and women's issues in nowadays Afghanistan are indicators of decisive changes in society and allow us to visualize the vision of relations and possible solutions that would be adequate to the current international standards of public relations. The article is devoted to the study of ethnic and women's problems of Afghan society, in which an attempt was made to comprehensively study the direct and indirect impact of global processes taken place in the 20th century on these two main problems of Afghan society. The object of the study is Afghan society, with the subsequet ethnopolitical an

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Berezhna, S. V., M. S. Voronina, О. S. Honcharova, and Yu F. Matei. "Women in the political and socio-economic life of Mykolaiv region from the second half of the 19th to the first third of the 20th centuries." Studies in history and philosophy of science and technology 32, no. 2 (2024): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/272329.

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The article analyzes the societal status of women, their possibilities for social activity, and the types of women’s movements in the second half of the 19th to the first third of the 20th century, taking into account regional specificities. The chosen region for the study is Mykolaiv Oblast, which is determined by the existence of a number of distinctions in defining gender roles in comparison to the overall Ukrainian practice. The militarized nature of the region led to the preservation of a significant masculine component in the mentality of the local population for an extended period. It w

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Widuatie, Mrr Ratna Endang, Retno Winarni, Nurhadi Sasmita, Dewi Salindri, and Zellica Vanudia Amundari. "Dari Domestik ke Publik: Sejarah Pendidikan Kejuruan Perempuan dari Waktu ke Waktu." SOSMANIORA: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 2, no. 2 (2023): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.55123/sosmaniora.v2i2.1817.

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Vocational education is a type of education that has always been one of the main focuses of the government in each period. Historically, vocational education for women in Indonesia was pioneered by two major figures, namely Kartini and Dewi Sartika in the early 20th century. Women's vocational education has undergone changes in line with demands for gender equality due to increasingly democratic socio-cultural conditions in Indonesia. This causes the diminishing differences in the roles of women and men in social roles. Women no longer only struggle in the domestic sphere as was the case with

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Ravandi-Fadai, Lana M. "Shadows in the Garden: Women Agents Underground and Communist Activism in Mid-20th Century Iran Part II." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 3 (2023): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080025674-8.

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The second part of this article on the clandestine activities of Iranian female communists explores the case of Zuleykha Asadi, a young woman who earned a medical degree in Moscow just before the start of the Second World War. Her story can be told with unusual immediacy thanks to the preservation of her correspondence in the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History, published here for the first time. Zuleykha’s father’s letters to her in Moscow chart the difficulties and decisions his daughter faced and are suffused with a parent’s anxious concern for his daughter and a deep beli

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Jakubów-Rosłan, Zofia. "Di An and Yan Ge: Chinese 80 Hou Women Authors on the Family." Roczniki Humanistyczne 71, no. 9 (2023): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh23719.1.

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Depictions of the family in 20th- and 21st-century Chinese literature have reflected the social and cultural discourses dominant in the country, especially Chinese intellectuals’ changing attitudes to tradition and modernisation. The last decades have seen China’s rise to economic prominence, accompanied by the increased influence of the neoliberal ideology, which has been met with a neoconservative response. A new model of the family has thus emerged. It has been imagined as a shelter from the unsettling realities of life under the conditions of the market economy, a private, consuming commun

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Aliyeva, Aynur. "The Formation of a New Soviet Education System in Azerbaijan SSR." Metafizika Journal 7, no. 3 (2024): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33864/2617-751x.2024.v7.i3.59-75.

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This paper addresses the development of the education system during the Soviet period, with particular attention given to the role of intellectuals in the growth of education. The establishment of the new Soviet education system in Azerbaijan faced significant challenges, such as the lack of qualified teaching staff. It was necessary to prepare educators, introduce new teaching materials and programs, and apply progressive teaching methods. In response, the Soviet government of Azerbaijan issued a series of decrees and orders in 1920 to guide the development of public education. These aspects

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Mironova, Iryna. "Struggle for Legal Women’s Rights in Russian Empire (second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century)." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 2, no. 2 (2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26190211.

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The article goal – showing struggle for legal women’s rights in A. Koni and others legal profession, including work in advocacy institutions in the Russian Empire in second half of XIX – beginning of XX century. Methods of research: modernization and gender history. The main results. In article author establish that the Russian Empire society in the end of XIX – beginning of XX century matured till understanding the equality principle of women and men role in social affairs, their leveling in property rights and in professional activities. Despite of lawyers struggle for women rights in condit

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Remport, Júlia, and Anna Blázovics. "Fitoösztrogének a menopauza terápiájában." Orvosi Hetilap 158, no. 32 (2017): 1243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2017.30805.

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Abstract: In previous centuries many women did not even live until their menopause years due to poor economic conditions, deficiencies of medicine, epidemics and wars. Nowadays in the developed countries, people live until they are 75–80 years old, and with the expansion of average age, the number of people affected by menopause and the years spent in that state increase. Nowadays women spend one third of their lives in the menopausal stage. The only effective way to treat unpleasant symptoms for centuries was with the use of herbs, and the knowledge about them spread through oral tradition. I

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Hladchenko, S. "The Evolution of the Status of Women in Tunisia (On the 75th Anniversary of Tunisia’s Declaration of Independence)." Problems of World History, no. 19 (October 27, 2022): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/10.46869/2707-6776-2022-19-7.

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In the article, in the context of the recognition of socio-cultural determinants of gender history and critical analysis of foreign studies by the author, an attempt was made to generalize the evolution of the position of women in Tunisia in the 20th and early 21st centuries. It is the Tunisian version of solving the problem of women’s emancipation that most modern researchers consider as the most successful example for the Islamic world. The views of well-known feminists and representatives of the Islamic world regarding actualization of the problem are presented. The influence of the French

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Guo, Lanxin. "Local Memory and Modernity Criticism in Xiao Hong's Tales of Hulan River: An Exploration of Feminine Writing from the Perspective of Regional Culture." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 12 (2024): 76–83. https://doi.org/10.54691/rkajf643.

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This article aims to delve into the local memories and modernity criticism embodied in Xiao Hong's "Tales of Hulan River" from a regional cultural perspective, with a particular focus on the unique value of feminine writing. Xiao Hong meticulously portrays the local customs and traditions along the Hulan River in Northeast China at the beginning of the 20th century. Through female characters, she reveals the living conditions of women in the rural society, gender inequality, as well as their pursuit of a better life and struggle against tragic destinies. "Tales of Hulan River" is not merely a

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Luengo López, Jordi. "El "Sindicato de la aguja": asociacionismo femenino en la Valencia de la Gran Guerra (1914-1918)." Cuestiones de género: de la igualdad y la diferencia, no. 4 (December 15, 2009): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/cg.v0i4.3808.

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<p>La “permeabilización” del colectivo femenino dentro del ámbito laboral fue uno de los grandes logros del feminismo de principios del siglo XX, sobre todo a partir de la Gran<br />Guerra. Las mujeres empezaron entonces a tomar conciencia de la necesidad de crear un nuevo marco social, político y económico donde se les incluyera en igualdad de<br />derechos y oportunidades con respecto a los hombres. El Sindicato de la Aguja, y otros de análoga índole, contribuyeron a la paulatina cristalización de esta realidad, no sólo mejorando las condiciones de las obreras, sino también

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Dovbyshchenko, Mykhailo. "The Experience of a Difficult Neighborhood: Episodes from the History of Social Interaction Between Ukrainians and Jews of Volyn in the First Half of the 17th Century." Ukrainian Studies, no. 1(86) (March 29, 2023): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30840/2413-7065.1(86).2023.275333.

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The article deals with the problem of relations and social interaction of Ukrainian communities (primarily burghers and peasants) with the Jewish population of the Volyn Voivodeship in the 1st half of the 17th cent. The author pays attention to the relevance of an objective analysis of this problem in view of false stereotypes about the deep traditions of Ukrainian anti-Semitism and insufficient attention of domestic scientists to the study of the experience of social interaction of Jews and Christians in Volyn during the Lithuanian-Polish era. The most important studies and publications, in w

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Fender, Ann Harper. "Women in 1900: Gateway to the Political Economy of the 20th Century. By Christine E. Bose. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2001. Pp. xi, 257. $22.95, paper." Journal of Economic History 61, no. 4 (2001): 1146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050701005824.

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Economic historians have to respond favorably when sociologist–feminist scholar Christine Bose early in her text writes, “This book is intended to provide a historical perspective on contemporary issues that all too often are analyzed only in terms of the present” (p. 3). She returns frequently to this theme, stressing that female participation in the labor force began long before the late 1960s. Of course, numerous economic historians have noted that such participation began long before 1900 and their work, unsurprisingly, exhibits stronger understanding of historical economic conditions than

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Panizzolo, Claudia. "The Daily Life of Italian and Italian-Descendant Children in Tenements, Work and School (Sao Paulo, Late 19th And Early 20th Century)." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 8, no. 1 (2021): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.365.

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From the late 19th century onwards, men, women and children from the Italian peninsula started playing an increasingly relevant role in the history of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The text herein aims to investigate the presence of Italian and Italian-descendant children in Sao Paulo, especially among the lower social classes, focusing on their daily survival conditions and also in their roles as workers and students. In order to carry out this investigation, our time frame spans the two last decades of the 19th century and the first two decades of the 20th century – a period of significant arrivals of

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Сухорукова, Н. В. "Icon painters of Tobolsk province of the 17th – early 20th century." Iskusstvo Evrazii [The Art of Eurasia], no. 4(31) (December 29, 2023): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46748/arteuras.2023.04.008.

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В исследовании ставится цель обобщить и систематизировать сведения об истории иконописания в Тобольской губернии в XVII – начале XX века. С использованием источниковедческого метода выявлен ряд архивных материалов Тобольской духовной консистории и Тобольского губернского магистрата. Это позволило определить ряд имен тобольских иконописцев и круг их заказов, проследить культурные влияния из различных духовных и художественных центров России, а также сделать вывод о местных художественных особенностях, сложившихся в духовном центре Сибири. Выдвинута гипотеза о том, что каждому этапу развития ико

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Morozan, Vladimir. "Female Labor in the Central Office and in the Saint Petersburg Branch of the State Bank of the Russian Empire in the Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (May 2021): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.2.7.

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Introduction. The article is devoted to a topic that has been insufficiently studied in Russian historiography – female labor in state institutions of Russia in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The reader will find out how difficult it was to get into the ranks of the bank employees, what requirements were put forward by the leadership of this institution for candidates for a position at the Central Office and Saint Petersburg branch. Methods and materials. Based on archival materials the author examines the practice of recruiting women for service in the Central Office of the State Bank

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Bermous, Alexander. "Midrash and sophism in the context of transformation scientific and educational traditions in the 21st century." Hypothekai 7 (April 2023): 193–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.32880/2587-7127-2023-7-7-193-218.

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The end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st cen-tury is characterized by multiple crises in most aspects of human existence, among which the education crisis is one of the most noticeable. The usual logic of problematizing and seeking ways to overcome the education crisis is linked to changes in the nor-mative-legal and economic conditions of educational activities, and much less attention is paid to the ontological problems of education. In this regard, the first task of this study was to con-ceptually formulate a request regarding the resources and tools for overcoming the onto

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Baturenko, S. A. "Political inequality between men and women in the history of Russian socio-political thought (M. I. Mikhailov, S. N. Yuzhakov, L. I. Petrazhitsky, and M. M. Kovalevsky)." Discourse-P 20, no. 4 (2023): 97–113. https://doi.org/10.17506/18179568_2023_20_4_97.

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The peculiarities of the historical and cultural development of Russian society have influenced the understanding of various issues within the social sciences, including gender inequality. The article shows that, during the transition from the 19th to the 20th century, the problem of inequality between men and women in the political sphere was prominently addressed in Russian socio-political thought. This issue is revealed through the works of publicists, historians, sociologists, philosophers, economists, legal scholars, and political figures, notably Mikhail I. Mikhailov, Sergey N. Yuzhakov,

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Donrovich, Robyn, Paul Puschmann, and Koen Matthijs. "Mortality Clustering in the Family. Fast Life History Trajectories and the Intergenerational Transfer of Infant Death in Late 19th- and Early 20th-Century Antwerp, Belgium." Historical Life Course Studies 7 (March 16, 2018): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51964/hlcs9285.

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   In this article, we investigate to what degree infant mortality risk was transferred from grandmothers to mothers in the Antwerp district, Belgium, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. We also investigate some of the determinants of infant mortality and explore the role of the family - paternal factors (presence, age, and social class), mother’s childcare experience, and infant household location - in the survival of infants. The data for this research were retrieved from the Antwerp COR*-database and were transferred into the Intermediate Data Structure

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Білавич, Іван, Галина Білавич, and Уляна Борис. "HYGIENE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS IN GALICIA (END OF THE 19th – 30s OF THE 20th CENTURY) IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PRESENT." Педагогічна наука і освіта ХХІ століття, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35619/pse.vi1.4.

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The article analyzes the leading trends in hygiene education for children and adults in Galicia from the end of the 19th to the 1930s. It identifies the potential use of this historical experience in contemporary conditions in Ukraine. Emphasizing that the driving force behind hygiene education during the studied period included medical and social activists, educators, students, conscious peasants, women's movement activists, united in the Ukrainian Hygienic Society, «Narodna Lichnytsia» («People's Hospital»), Ukrainian Medical Society, «MedychnaHromada» («Medical Community»), «Vidrodzhennia»

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Vicente Giménez, Teresa. "Las mujeres, defensoras de la igualdad y el cuidado de la naturaleza." iQual. Revista de Género e Igualdad, no. 4 (February 24, 2021): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/iqual.428751.

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En el marco filosófico, jurídico y político del Estado de Derecho moderno las mujeres, la mitad de la humanidad, han sido excluidas, les ha sido negado el valor ético suficiente para ser portadoras de derechos, esto es, sujeto de derechos. Ello impulsó la acción de las mujeres para analizar su situación y defender su valor y sus derechos en condiciones de igualdad y no discriminación respecto a los hombres. El avance del movimiento feminista desde el siglo XVIII, cuando fueron expulsadas de la Asamblea política germen de la primera declaración de derechos humanos, hasta la segunda mitad del si

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