Relevant bibliographies by topics / Jews – History – To 70 A.D

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Academic literature on the topic 'Jews – History – To 70 A.D'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Jews – History – To 70 A.D"

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VAN DER WOUDE, A. S. "James D. G. DUNN (ed.), Jews and Christians. The Parting of the Ways A.D. 70 to 135. The Second Durham- Tübingen Research Symposium on Earliest Christianity and Judaism (Durham, September, 1989) (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 66), J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1992, x and 408 pp., cloth DM 268,-. ISBN 3 16 145972 5." Journal for the Study of Judaism 26, no. 2 (1995): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006395x00086.

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Mcging, Brian. "The Cambridge History of JudaismEd.W. D. Davies and L. Finkelstein. 2. The Hellenistic Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Pp. xvii + 738, [1] plate, [7] text figs., [9] maps, [8] plans. £65.00. - (A.) Kasher Jews and Hellenistic cities in Eretz-Israel: relations of the Jews in Eretz-Israel with the Hellenistic cities during the Second Temple period (332 BCE-70 CE). (Texte und Studien zum antiken Judentum, 21.) Tübingen: Mohr, 1990. Pp. xv + 372, [17] maps. DM 168." Journal of Hellenic Studies 112 (November 1992): 206–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/632201.

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Feldman, Louis H., and James D. G. Dunn. "Jews and Christians: The Parting of the Ways, A. D. 70 to 135." Journal of the American Oriental Society 114, no. 4 (October 1994): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/606194.

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St. Julian-Varnon, Kimberly. "Victoria Khiterer. Jewish City or Inferno of Russian Israel? A History of the Jews in Kiev Before February 1917." East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 4, no. 2 (September 19, 2017): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/t2334t.

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Book review of Victoria Khiterer. Jewish City or Inferno of Russian Israel? A History of the Jews in Kiev Before February 1917. Academic Studies Press, 2016. Jews of Russia and Eastern Europe and Their Legacy, series editor, Maxim D. Shrayer. xx, 474 pp. Illustrations. Tables. Maps. Appendix. Bibliography. Index. $89.00, cloth.
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Greenberg, Mark I. "Article: Becoming Southern: The Jews of Savannah, Georgia, 1830-70." American Jewish History 86, no. 1 (1998): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ajh.1998.0003.

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Goethals, George R. "When General Grant Expelled the Jews by Jonathan D. Sarna." Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 31, no. 4 (2013): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sho.2013.0091.

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Stollman, Jennifer A. "Lincoln and the Jews: A History by Jonathan D. Sarna, Benjamin Shapell." American Jewish History 100, no. 4 (2016): 583–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ajh.2016.0070.

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Rubinstein, WD. "Shorter notice. A People Apart: The Jews in Europe, 1789-1939. D Vital." English Historical Review 115, no. 462 (June 2000): 748–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/enghis/115.462.748.

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Rubinstein, W. "Shorter notice. A People Apart: The Jews in Europe, 1789-1939. D Vital." English Historical Review 115, no. 462 (June 1, 2000): 748–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/115.462.748.

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Bodemann, Y. Michal. "Reviews of Books:Democratization and the Jews: Munich, 1945-1965 Anthony D. Kauders." American Historical Review 110, no. 2 (April 2005): 571–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/531473.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Jews – History – To 70 A.D"

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Mundill, Robin R. "The Jews in England, 1272-1290." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2342.

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Edward I's Jewish policy attempted to curb usury and transform the lives and financial practices of the Jews. Historians have claimed that the policy, which is embodied in the Statutum de Judeismo of 1275, was a failure and resulted in the Expulsion of 1290. Although the Expulsion has received some attention from historians, very little work has been done on Edwardian Jewry as a whole and therefore it has not been possible to discern the exact effect of the Statutum within a general context. The best account and examination of the source material for the Expulsion still remains that of B.L.Abrahams. In the light of his work, the majority of historians have seen the Statute as an end to Jewish moneylending, a curtailing of Jewish livelihoods and an anti-semitic prelude to the Expulsion. It has not, however, always been clear how such historians have reached such conclusions. This thesis re-examines the Statutum de Judeismo and analyses, from the records of over 2000 bonds, the shift in Jewish financial interests that it brought about. In doing so, it highlights the way in which, in Edward's reign, certain Jews tempered their moneylending activities with commercial concerns. The method used to illustrate this change is tripartite. Firstly, Anglo-Jewish society and its relationship with the host community in the late thirteenth century is examined. Secondly, the specific histories of the three Jewish communities of Canterbury, Hereford and Lincoln are scrutinised. Finally, a discussion of Jewish financial practices after 1275 attempts to identify the changes brought about by the Edwardian Experiment.
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Molyneaux, M. E. "The impact of a change in political constitution on early Palestinian Judaism during the period 175-161 B.C.E." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53121.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study looks at a watershed period in the history of Judaism. In 175 B.C.E. a group of Jews sought to break Judaea out of the isolation in which it had stood since the Persian period. They wished to develop closer ties with their neighbours in Coele-Syria and Phoenicia and the Greek world in general. Since the Persian period the people of Judaea had been governed by high priests according to the 'ancestral laws' i.e. the Torah and its interpretation by Ezra. This 'ancestral law' had been confirmed as binding on all Jews by Antiochus III in his decree of 198 B.C.E. In order to move beyond the restrictions placed on contact between Jews and other peoples, it would be necessary to have the political status of Judaea changed. A change of political status could only be brought about by the king or one of his successors. In 175 B.C.E. a group of Jews requested Antiochus IV to permit them to transform Judaea from an ethnos into a polis. He agreed and the transformation was begun. It is these events of 175 B.C.E. that form the base of this study. The writer uses the model of Cultural Anthropology to form a framework in which these and subsequent events can be analysed. In this way we can get a better understanding of how events progressed. How a political reform ended in a religious suppression and persecution and finally a successful revolt against the Seleucid kingdom. The Torah and its interpretation stood at the center of Jewish life. Each group interpreted the law in their own way and understood events in relation to this interpretation. Therefore no analysis of this period can be undertaken without taking the law and its various interpretations into account. The law is the thread that holds all facets of this work together.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie handeloor 'n tydperk van waterskeiding in die geskiedenis van die Judaïsme. In 175 ve. wou 'n groep Jode in Palestina wegbreek uit die isolasie waarin hulle hulleself bevind het sedert die oorname deur die Persiese ryk. Hulle wou graag nouer bande met hulle buurstate en die Griekse wêreld aanknoop. Sedert die Persiese tydperk is die mense van Juda deur hëepriesters regeer, volgens die 'voorvaderlike wette', dws die Torah en sy vertolking volgens Esra. Alle Jode was gebind deur hierdie 'voorvaderlike wette' deur Antiogus III se dekreet van 198 ve. Indien die mense die beperkings teen kontak met ander volke sou wou ophef, sou dit nodig wees om die politieke status van Juda te verander. Net die koning of een van sy opvolgers kon die politieke status van Juda verander. In 175 ve. word Antiogus IV deur 'n groep Jode gevra om verlof om Jerusalem in 'n Griekse polis te omskep. Hy het ingestem en die omskepping het begin. Hierdie gebeurtenisse van 175 ve. vorm die basis van hierdie studie. Die skrywer gebruik die kutuur-antropologiese teoretiese model as raamwerk vir die ontleding van hierdie en opvolgende gebeurtenisse. Hierdie model stelons in staat om die ontwikkelinge in Juda beter te verstaan en meer spesifiek 'n antwoord op die volgende vraag te kry: "Hoekom het politieke hervorming tot godsdienstige verdrukking en vervolging aanleiding gegee en in die finale instansie tot 'n suksesvolle opstand teen die Seleukied koninkryk gelei?" Die Torah en sy vertolking het die sentrum van die Joodse lewe gevorm. Elke groep in Juda het die 'wet' op sy eie manier vertolk en ontwikkelinge in verband daarmee probeer verstaan. Daarom is dit nie moontlik om hierdie tydperk te bestudeer sonder 'n erkenning van die waarde van die 'wet' en sy verskillende vertolkings nie. Die 'wet' is die goue draad wat hierdie studie byeen hou.
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Sorek, Susan. "The Jewish benefaction system in Roman Palestine (2nd century BCE - 6th century CE)." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683197.

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Manor, Dale Wallace. "An archaeological commentary on the Josianic reforms." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187226.

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In the earlier part of this century, archaeology was imported into biblical studies as a tool to demonstrate the historical accuracy of the Bible. Methodological differences, however, prevented very meaningful dialogue and eventually the two disciplines drifted apart. Archaeology has matured in the intervening years and now can enter a dialogue with biblical studies as an independent discipline. While biblical studies and archaeology work with different sets of data and approach the same subject with different questions, the disciplines can meaningfully intersect when they are interpreted through the perspective of anthropology of religion. Anthropology, with its study of the nature of religion and ritual, provides a matrix into which archaeology and biblical studies can place their respective data and find an interpretive framework. This dissertation uses Josiah's reforms (2 Kings 23) as a test case to bring archaeology and biblical studies into dialogue. The text lists activities and artifacts that were objects of Josiah's reform. The first three chapters deal with biblical and general anthropological data. Chapters four and five focus specifically on bamot and goddess worship. Chapter six discusses an array of artifacts: worship of the heavenly bodies, cult functionaries, child sacrifice, standing stones, the occult, and figurines. Each section examines the biblical data, anthropological theory, and any artifactual evidence that might reflect cultic practices. The purpose has been not to offer a comprehensive or exhaustive list of artifacts, but to show the types of objects that attracted Josiah's attention.
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Lincoln, Lawrence Ronald. "A socio-historical analysis of Jewish banditry in first century Palestine 6 to 70 CE." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2695.

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Thesis (MPhil (Dept. of Ancient Studies) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
This thesis sets out to examine, as far as possible within the constraints of a limited study such as this, the nature of the Jewish protest movement against the occupation of their homeland by the Roman Empire in the years after the territory had become a direct province of the Empire. These protests were mainly instigated by and initially led by Jewish peasants who experienced the worst aspects of becoming a part of the larger Roman world.
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Willingham, Robert Allen. "Jews in Leipzig nationality and community in the 20th century /." Thesis, Austin, Tex. : University of Texas Libraries, 2005. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2005/willinghamr73843/willinghamr73843.pdf#page=2.

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Spergel, Julie. "Canada's "second history": the fiction of Jewish Canadian women writers." Hamburg Kovač, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997540079/04.

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Geoghegan, Jeffrey C. "Until whose day? : a study of the phrase "until this day" in the Deuteronomistic history /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9945687.

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Smith, Daniel L. "The religion of the landless : a sociology of the Babylonian Exile." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cb08e6da-28ac-4246-90fc-cd027e4bdfef.

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In this study, the Babylonian Exile of the Jews is approached from the perspective of a sociological analysis of more recent historical cases of mass deportation and refugee behaviour. After this survey, four behaviour patterns are isolated that function as 'Mechanisms for Survival' for minorities in crisis and under domination in a foreign environment. These 'Mechanisms' include 1) Structural adaptation, 2) The rise of, and conflict between, new leaders. 35 new Folklore patterns, especially 'Hero' stories, and 4) adoption or elaboration of ritual as a means of boundary maintenance and identity preservation. These four mechanisms are then illustrated from Exilic texts of the Old Testament. The rise of Elders and the changing nature of the Bet Abot is seen as structural adaptation. The conflict of Jeremiah and Hananiah, and the advice of Jeremiah in his 'letter', is seen as the conflict of new leaders in crisis. The 'Diaspora Novella' is compared to Messianic expectation and especially to Suffering Servant to show how folklore can reflect social conditions and serve a function as 'hero stories'. Finally, the latest redactional layers of 'P' reveal concern for purity and separation that expressed itself in social isolationism and boundary maintenance, particularly in the dissolution of marriages with foreign wives. There is also a section on social conflict after the restoration, as a measure of the independent development of exilic social ideology and theology. The conclusion is that sociological analysis of the Exilic material reveals the exilic-post-exilic community exhibiting features of a minority group under stress, and the creative means by which that group responds by Mechanisms for Survival.
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Vargas, Miguel M. "Causes of the Jewish Diaspora Revolt in Alexandria: Regional Uprisings from the Margins of Greco-Roman Society, 115-117 CE." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849731/.

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This thesis examines the progression from relatively peaceful relations between Alexandrians and Jews under the Ptolemies to the Diaspora Revolt under the Romans. A close analysis of the literature evidences that the transition from Ptolemaic to Roman Alexandria had critical effects on Jewish status in the Diaspora. One of the most far reaching consequences of the shift from the Ptolemies to Romans was forcing the Alexandrians to participate in the struggle for imperial patronage. Alexandrian involvement introduced a new element to the ongoing conflict among Egypt’s Jews and native Egyptians. The Alexandrian citizens consciously cut back privileges the Jews previously enjoyed under the Ptolemies and sought to block the Jews from advancing within the Roman system. Soon the Jews were confronted with rhetoric slandering their civility and culture. Faced with a choice, many Jews forsook Judaism and their traditions for more upwardly mobile life. After the outbreak of the First Jewish War Jewish life took a turn for the worse. Many Jews found themselves in a system that classified them according to their heritage and ancestry, limiting advancement even for apostates. With the resulting Jewish tax (fiscus Judaicus) Jews were becoming more economically and socially marginalized. The Alexandrian Jews were a literate society in their own right, and sought to reverse their diminishing prestige with a rhetoric of their own. This thesis analyzes Jewish writings and pagan writings about the Jews, which evidences their changing socio-political position in Greco-Roman society. Increasingly the Jews wrote with an urgent rhetoric in attempts to persuade their fellow Jews to remain loyal to Judaism and to seek their rights within the construct of the Roman system. Meanwhile, tensions between their community and the Alexandrian community grew. In less than 100 years, from 30 CE to 117 CE, the Alexandrians attacked the Jewish community on at least three occasions. Despite the advice of the most Hellenized elites, the Jews did not sit idly by, but instead sought to disrupt Alexandrian meetings, anti-Jewish theater productions, and appealed to Rome. In the year 115 CE, tensions reached a high. Facing three years of violent attacks against their community, Alexandrian Jews responded to Jewish uprisings in Cyrene and Egypt with an uprising of their own. Really a series of revolts, historians have termed these events simply “the Diaspora Revolt.”
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Books on the topic "Jews – History – To 70 A.D"

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Ayaso, José Ramón. Iudaea capta: La Palestina romana entre las dos guerras judías (70-132 d. C.). Estella, Navarra, España: Editorial Verbo Divino, 1990.

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Marcel, Simon. Verus Israel: A study of the relations between Christians and Jews in the Roman Empire (135-425) : a study of the relations between Christians and Jews in the Roman Empire, 135-425. New York: Published for the Littman Library by Oxford University Press, 1986.

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Egon, Wolff. D. Pedro I e os judeus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: [s.n.], 1987.

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(Japan), Doboku Kenkyūjo. Mirai ni mukatte-- R & D: 70-shūnen o kinenshite. [Tsukuba-shi]: Kensetsushō Doboku Kenkyūjo, 1992.

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Rossana, Urbani, and Zazzu Guido Nathan, eds. The Jews in Genoa. Leiden: Brill, 1999.

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Zvi, Eckstein, ed. The chosen few: How education shaped Jewish history, 70-1492. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012.

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Wilson, S. G. Related strangers: Jews and Christians, 70-170 C.E. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1995.

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Alexander, Șahin Achim, ed. Die Fülle an Weisheit und Erkenntnis: Festrschrift zum 70. Geburtstag. Oldenburg: Bibliotheks- und Informationssystem der Universität Oldenburg, 2001.

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Josephus, Flavius. The new complete works of Josephus. Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1999.

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Ciecieląg, Jerzy. Żydzi w okresie drugiej świątyni: 538 przed Chr.-70 po Chr. Kraków: Tow. Autorów i Wydawców Prac Naukowych Universitas, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Jews – History – To 70 A.D"

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"Roman Control (from 70 to c. 150 CE)." In A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780567700728.ch-015.

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Magness, Jodi. "Herodian Jerusalem (March 70 ce)." In Jerusalem through the Ages, 195–291. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190937805.003.0008.

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Abstract Perhaps no event in Jerusalem’s long history has been more momentous than the destruction of the second temple in 70 ce—a trauma reportedly forecast by Jesus and mourned by Jews ever since. At the time of its destruction, Jerusalem was largely the product of Herod the Great’s building program, which included the reconstruction of the temple and the expansion of the Temple Mount. This is the city in which Jesus spent his final days, and where his body was laid to rest after he was crucified. Seventy years after Herod’s death in 4 bce, Jewish dissatisfaction with Roman maladministration erupted when the First Jewish Revolt broke out. The revolt ended when Jerusalem fell to the Romans after a long and bloody siege which culminated with the destruction of the second temple.
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Cohen, Charles L. "1. The Jewish matrix (1200 bce–70 ce)." In The Abrahamic Religions: A Very Short Introduction, 7–23. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190654344.003.0001.

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“The Jewish matrix (1200 BCE–70 CE)” outlines the period from 1200 BCE to 70 CE, describing the importance of the Tanakh, which preserves and interprets the historical, cultural, and religious heritage of Israel and Judah. Ancient Israel’s discovery of the One God and the religion that developed around that awareness were deeply influenced by Israel’s political and cultural relationships with its neighbors. The texts that would constitute the Jewish sacred scriptures embed theological interpretations of this history. As the religion evolved, it was affected by Jews’ dispersion from their heartland, their engagement with Hellenism, and their implication in the eastern Mediterranean’s imperial conflicts. By the time of Jesus, Judaism had assumed multiple forms.
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Galetovic, Alexander. "Patents in the History of the Semiconductor Industry." In The Battle over Patents, 27–68. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197576151.003.0002.

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Chips can be easily copied and semiconductor firms are not monopolies. Nevertheless, in the semiconductor industry patents protect Ricardian rents against free riding. Ricardian rents—rents wrought by a firm’s differential ability to produce more output or value per unit of input—remunerate the investments in R&D that semiconductor firms make in the expectation of profit. In addition, patents enlarge the set of business models, strategies, and contracts that firms can use to trade. Many practices that emerged over time—for example technical marketing, second sourcing, licensing, trade in intellectual property—and the observed evolution of horizontal and vertical specialization would not have been feasible without patents. Last, patents and Ricardian rents in the semiconductor industry conciliate protracted investments in R&D with exceptionally fast growth of multifactor productivity and falling prices over almost 70 years.
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"Jno. C. King and M. D. Banning, ‘Tuberculosis among Railroad Employees’, California State Journal of Medicine 11, 2 (Feb. 1913), pp. 70–71." In A World History of Railway Cultures, 1830–1930, edited by Matthew Esposito, 212–13. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351211628-29.

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Goodman, Martin. "Coinage and Identity: The Jewish Evidence." In Coinage and Identity in the Roman Provinces. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199265268.003.0019.

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When Pompey Conquered Jerusalem in 63 BC, the Jews of Judaea were just one among many peoples in the Levant to fall under Roman sway, but by AD 135, two centuries later, after two great revolts in AD 66–70 and AD 132–5, the Jews had been singled out for exceptional hostility: not only were they forbidden to live in their sacred city and its environs but even the name of Judaea was expunged by Rome from the political map of the region. The question on which I hope to shed some new light in this study is whether this disastrous history was the product only of Roman attitudes and the vicissitudes of international politics, or, at least in part, the product of the political and cultural self-representation of the Jews. The question is not as often posed in this fashion as might be expected, since many ancient historians simply take for granted the peculiar nature of the Jews and their nationalistic hopes and expectations. Such certainty is not wholly warranted, however, since the apparent oddness of the Jews may be something of a mirage if it is, at least in part, a product of the chance survival of so much more evidence about this provincial society than others. Writings by and about Jews in the early Roman empire were preserved in such great quantities not because Jews were especially important either culturally or politically, but because their history was, and is, of religious significance for two great religious traditions which have survived continuously since antiquity, rabbinic Judaism and Christianity. The apparently special nature of the Jews may thus reflect only our special capacity to say more about their cultural horizons and political aspirations than we can about (for instance) those of Gauls or Dacians, who also rebelled against Rome more than once in the early imperial period. One test of the hypothesis that Jews were not in fact all that strange is to try, as an exercise, to examine what would be known about the Jews if all this religious literature had not survived. We would have a very different picture of Jewish history if the only literary sources to survive from antiquity had been those written by pagan Greeks and Romans.
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Botticini, Maristella, and Zvi Eckstein. "Introduction." In The Chosen Few. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691144870.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the Jews' transition into urban and skilled occupations. This transition was the outcome of a profound transformation of the Jewish religion after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, which shifted the religious leadership within the Jewish community and transformed Judaism from a cult based on ritual sacrifices in the temple to a religion whose main norm required every Jewish man to read and to study the Torah in Hebrew and to send his sons from the age of six or seven to primary school or synagogue to learn to do so. The implementation of this new religious norm during the Talmud era determined three major patterns in Jewish history: the growth and spread of literacy among the predominantly rural Jewish population, a comparative advantage in urban skilled occupations, and the voluntary diaspora of the Jews in search of worldwide opportunities in crafts, trade, commerce, moneylending, banking, finance, and medicine.
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Wells, A. U., and Roland M. du Bois. "The lung in vasculitis." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 3395–402. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.181105.

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Case History—A 70 yr old man with a short history of severe breathlessness and widespread consolidation on his chest radiograph. Case History—A 29 yr old woman with known asthma, now presenting with worsening respiratory and systemic symptoms. Lung involvement in vasculitic disease can manifest in two ways: (1) Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage—presenting features include fever, weight loss, and other systemic symptoms in association with cough, breathlessness, and clinical signs suggestive of pneumonia. Haemoptysis may be present but is not invariable. A fall in haemoglobin over a day or longer is diagnostically useful. Bronchoalveolar lavage is usually diagnostic. (2) Other pulmonary vasculopathies—present with breathlessness on exertion. Investigation reveals isolated reduction in gas transfer (carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, D...
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Polonsky, Antony. "Introduction." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 15, 3–58. Liverpool University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774716.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter discusses the larger theme of the spiritual life of Polish–Lithuanian Jewry and its relation to the wider religious history of the Jews. There are a number of problems in describing that history. It is obvious that Jewish history in the period from the end of Jewish statehood and, in particular, from the end of a significant Jewish presence in Erets Yisrael has a highly significant religious component. Yet there has been a tendency to write this history statically — to see normative Jewish religious practice as unchanging from the period of the Mishnah and Talmud. In addition, historical investigation is complicated by the absence in the Jewish religious tradition of a clearly formulated creed. The attempts to formulate such a credal statement, such as that of Maimonides (1135–1204), who sets out thirteen basic principles of the Jewish faith, or those of the Spanish Jews Hasdai Crescas (d. ?1412) and Joseph Albo (1380–1445), can only be seen as deviations from this norm and are not regarded by normative believers as binding, although much of the religious establishment did accept them as such.
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Summit, Jeffrey A. "An Introduction to Jewish Worship." In The Lord’s Song in a Strange Land, 23–32. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195116779.003.0002.

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Abstract There are Jews in every denomination who venerate worship traditions as if they had been passed down from God to Moses on Mount Sinai. Most communities have congregants who insist that the service always be conducted exactly the same way and who come to synagogue vigilantly to watch that nothing be changed. In fact, the history of Jewish liturgy has been one of continual development and evolution, a balance between tradition and innovation. The very institutionalization of obligatory, communal prayer services as the official means to thank, praise, and petition God was developed by creative rabbis after the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans in 70 C.E. The Temple had been the religious, economic, and political center of the Jewish state, and when it was destroyed, so was the institution of the daily and holiday sacrifices and offerings, together with the vocal and instrumental pageantry of the Levites, the Temple musicians. That direct path to God was cut off: no longer would the sweet smell of incense and animal smoke rise to the heavens from the Temple altar in Jerusalem. In a radical leap born of necessity, the rabbis stressed that prayer would be equal to the sacrifices that had been offered in the Temple.
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Conference papers on the topic "Jews – History – To 70 A.D"

1

Kuzmin, Yu. "Аircraft design schools as actors in the history of technology. On the example of the statistical analysis of the world aircraft construction school." In Historical research in the context of data science: Information resources, analytical methods and digital technologies. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1790.978-5-317-06529-4/64-70.

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The design schools in airplane manufacturing are considered. For decades, these social structures retain their own features, manifesting in the specifics of the created airplanes. As a result, the variability in R&D intensity, measured as the frequency of new designs appearing, is much less than the variability in output. It is shown for the first time that variations in the distribution of R&D across countries are also much smaller than variations in output. This indicates the difficulty of creating design schools and the necessity to maintain them carefully.
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2

Kuzmin, Yu. "Аircraft design schools as actors in the history of technology. On the example of the statistical analysis of the world aircraft construction school." In Historical research in the context of data science: Information resources, analytical methods and digital technologies. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1790.978-5-317-06529-4/64-70.

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The design schools in airplane manufacturing are considered. For decades, these social structures retain their own features, manifesting in the specifics of the created airplanes. As a result, the variability in R&D intensity, measured as the frequency of new designs appearing, is much less than the variability in output. It is shown for the first time that variations in the distribution of R&D across countries are also much smaller than variations in output. This indicates the difficulty of creating design schools and the necessity to maintain them carefully.
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3

Zhang, Lina, Heng Zhang, Jintong Hu, Songjie Zhang, Wenling Yang, Changlu Yang, Xueliang Yu, Yuhong Hao, and Bin Wang. "Successful Application of Fishable and Sectional ESS Completion Technology for Sand Control _ A Case History in SHAD Field." In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209868-ms.

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Abstract SHAD oilfield, located in one of the fields with the highest onshore production in the Middle East; more than 70% of its production wells are flowing wells, with an average single well production capacity of more than 3000 bbl/d. Its main oil production formation is loose sandstone reservoir. The completion style of its production wells are generally completed casing perforation, and sand production is obvious after a period of exploitation. In the process of production, sand cleaning and sand discharging are often needed in the perforated section of oil well; however, after 3-5 years of production, serious sand burial still forces developers to give up the original production formation. In addition to the problem of sand production, there are many complex layers, some of them are oil-water layer, and the increase of water in the liquid production gradually affects the well flowing. Fishable and sectional expandable sand screen (ESS) completion technology is developed to deal with sand production and the increase of water production. The upper of the original production formation of the old wells is as the new production formation. The new formation is divided into several sections due to different physical properties. Perforation is carried out at the same time for all sections. After this, each the ESS completion string is run into each section. The top sealing hanger and the bottom packer will seal each ends of the annular between ESS and perforating casing, thus to form independent production section. In later process of production, plugging tools is run for sections if needed, so as to realize selective open/ close of different sections. Special fishing tools are developed, combined with the mechanical plastic characteristics of ESS, which can realize the fishing of the completion string. This solves the problem of fishing long string, and provides good conditions for subsequent operations. The research results show that two good results are obtained. One is that arranging several sections of ESS completion strings in the old well bore gives full play to the characteristics of ESS with strong flow capacity, good sand control effect, and is suitable for sand control in high-yield wells. The other is that selective open/close is realized for different sections which meets the sand control and production needs of in SHAD oilfield. The research results have applied to 9 wells in SHAD oilfield, and the success rate is 100%. Among them, one single well is divided into three sections, and the production is stable, the sand production is near to 0, and the sand control effect is significant. The successful application of this technology fills up the gap of multi-stage ESS completion in the Middle East.
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4

Guoynes, John, David Stiles, Cory Vail, Robert Stiles, Terry Kreuz, Gary Pritchard, Craig Nolen, and Joshua Schmitt. "New Technology Reduces Carbon Emissions from Natural Gas Compression and Production Facilities." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/214974-ms.

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Abstract Natural gas compression contributes significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, emitting nearly 10% of the total carbon dioxide equivalent per year from the Oil & Gas industry sub-sector1. The most common method of reducing GHG emissions from compression currently involves converting to electric drive2. Electric drive is not a preferred fuel source with most compressor operators because it can be expensive, difficult to acquire at field sites, and it can place new demands on existing power supply grids. A new chemical-free process has been developed with a small footprint to capture exhaust from natural gas drive compressors and supporting gas-fueled production equipment. The process separates carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen from exhaust allowing the CO2 to be discharged at high pressure for transport, sequestration, or enhanced oil recovery (EOR). GHG emissions are significantly lowered from compression while permitting operators to maintain their preferred natural gas fuel source. The patented process3 treats high volumes of exhaust, up to 70 million scf/D, containing CO2, nitrogen, and water. It incorporates innovative technology for carbon capture including a unique rotary separator design to remove water and centrifugally separate CO2 from exhaust gas. Advanced moving wall compressors and moving wall expanders have been developed to regulate system pressures and temperatures to values necessary for separation and discharge of supercritical CO2. The system is mounted on a small skid allowing for easy placement at typical production and midstream sites. Technical and economic results of the system are presented, demonstrating that high-quality carbon dioxide is captured, separated, and pressurized for disposal or commercial use without the use of large equipment. This paper presents details of the process with initial test results and how it can be used on thousands of oil and gas production, midstream, and transmission sites. The exhaust gas stream is processed after lowering the temperature, then water is removed, and CO2 is separated from nitrogen without chemicals. The design lowers GHG emissions from all internal combustion engines, turbines. and supporting production equipment. The CO2 produced from this technology can be greater than 99% pure and meets IRS guidelines using 45Q tax credits for carbon sequestration.4 The oil and gas industry has a long history removing CO2 from gas streams.5 The novel technology presented incorporates new and practical solutions for oil and gas operators to reduce their GHG Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions while maintaining their preferred natural gas fuel source at their midstream, transport, and production sites.
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5

Konwar, L., I. AL Anaisi, E. Alwawainati, and O. Matar. "Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer (ASP) Flooding: Laboratory Evaluations, Simulation Studies and Pilot Planning for a Matured Carbonate Reservoir in Bahrain." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-24181-ms.

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Abstract The Mauddud reservoir discovered in 1932 in Bahrain is now in a mature stage of development. A detailed feasibility study is carried out for identifying the most appropriate enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process for Mauddud reservoir and defining a strategy for further evaluation and implementation of the most promising EOR options. Detailed laboratory studies have identified alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) process as the most technically attractive EOR process to increase the ultimate recovery from Mauddud reservoir by significantly improving the volumetric sweep and displacement efficiency. This paper aims to present detailed design of laboratory experiments and results en route to sector modeling studies in three (3) selected large areas. A 3.6 acres area is selected in Mauddud waterflooded reservoir for piloting. Detailed cost estimate is carried out using laboratory design data and simulation results. Extensive laboratory design and testing such as polymer rheology, thermal stability tests, polymer injectivity, viscosity, adsorption, ASP phase behavior and coreflood tests are performed. 1-D coreflood simulation model was conducted using University of Texas Chemical Compositional Simulator (UTCHEM). Polymer rheology and surfactant phase behavior laboratory test data were matched to generate input parameters for the ASP injection simulation forecast. Representative sector and pattern simulation models were developed to estimate the EOR production potential from the Mauddud reservoir. The sector model developed was calibrated to the historical production, injection, and pressure data. The history matched sector model was used to select and develop pattern simulation models that were used to estimated EOR production potential. Based on the evaluation of laboratory results, polymers are identified to give adequate viscosifying power and thermal stability. ASP formulations are identified for designing coreflood. Coreflood tests provided the process recovery data on residual oil saturation, chemical retention facilitating optimum slug design resulting in maximum oil recovery with minimum amount of chemical mass. The chemical formulation selected showed good phase behavior at different oil/water ratios, equilibrated quickly, good aqueous solubility, and generated ultra-low interfacial tension (IFT). The surfactant formulation showed great promise in the coreflood tests. The ASP coreflood tests recovered 63 to 70% of the waterflood residual oil and left a residual oil saturation after chemical flood (Sorc) of 9%. ASP pattern simulations showed incremental oil recovery factors between 26.7 and 31.9 percent of the original oil-in-place (OOIP). The laboratory and sector simulation results are crucial to explore the feasibility of EOR project and will serve as inputs to detailed economic evaluation as well as pilot design and facilities planning.
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