Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ji suan ji ke'

近年來，香港有不少國際學校和直資學校開辦國際文憑課程（IB，International Baccalaureate），很多非華語學生選擇學習中文作為第二語言。然而，當中很多學生在使用詞彙上產生偏誤，而在二零零八年，香港教育局發布了《中國語文課程補充指引（非華語學生）》諮詢文件中，指出漢字的字形、聲調、語彙都是中文第二語言學習者的難點（香港課程發展議會，2008），這些難點均涉及語素。以往曾有不少研究，探討語素意識與詞彙知識習得的關係，因此，研究者期望以中文第二語言學習者作為研究對象，探討漢語語素意識與詞彙能力的關係。 本研究為量性研究，以語素意識與詞彙能力測驗和單元評估試卷來蒐集數據，並採用相關度測量研究方法分析數據，從而探討國際文憑課程中學項目學生在詞彙上的偏誤類型以及漢語語素意識與詞彙能力的關係，並提出建議以提升中文第二語言學習者的詞彙能力。本研究目的有三：（一）探究香港國際文憑課程中學項目學生在詞彙上的偏誤類型；（二）探究香港國際文憑課程中學項目學生的漢語語素意識與詞彙能力的關係；（三）歸納研究結果，並就教學和後續研究上提出具體建議，作為對外漢語教學之參考。 研究結果顯示，中文第二語言學習者的詞彙偏誤類型以「語音」為主，發展同音語素意識對於減少詞彙偏誤相當重要，此外亦需要加強發展部件規則的意識以及組字規則的概念，幫助他們掌握字形，對於減少詞彙偏誤亦有相當重要的作用。在漢語語素意識與詞彙能力的關係方面，中文第二語言學習者的語素意識對於詞彙能力有預測作用，同音語素意識對詞彙能力的預測作用大於同形語素意識的作用；而心理詞彙的語素意識、心理詞彙的數量及用詞能力三者有互相影響的關係，但仍需要進一步的研究。 International Baccalaureate (IB) Curriculum is adopted by more and more international schools and direct-subsidy schools in Hong Kong. At the same time, more and more non-Chinese speaking (NCS) students choose to study Chinese Language as a second language in IB curriculum. However, the vocabulary learning is one of the difficulties when they learn Chinese. The Education Bureau has published ‘Consultation Paper on Developing a “Supplementary Guide to the Chinese Language Curriculum for Non-Chinese Speaking Students” ’ and points out those NCS students encounter difficulties in learning Chinese graphemes, tones, vocabulary, etc. These difficulties are related to morpheme. Many researchers have conducted to study on relationship between morphological awareness and lexical knowledge. This dissertation aims to study on the relationship between morphological awareness and lexical ability of IB Middle Year Programme (MYP) students in Hong Kong. This is a quantitative research. Data collection includes two tests of the morphological awareness and lexical ability paper-pencil tests and one summative unit test of Chinese Language subject in a school. IB MYP students of two classes participated in this study and their morphological awareness and lexical ability were tested and analyzed by the statistical analysis software. The objectives of the study are: (1) Analysis on the types of lexicon errors of IB MYP students in Hong Kong; (2) Analysis on the relationship between morphological awareness and lexical ability of IB MYP students in Hong Kong; (3) Suggestions on developing of morphological awareness in learning Chinese Language as a second language. The results find that most of the lexicon errors were related to the tones and radical components of Chinese character, it is suggested to develop the homophone awareness and the orthographic awareness of Chinese character to reduce the lexicon errors. The morphological awareness of students has influence on student’s lexical ability. The homophone awareness has a closer relationship with lexical ability. The morphological awareness of the mental lexicon has an influence on the amount of mental lexicon and the ability of using lexicon. It is suggested to develop the morphological awareness of students in teaching Chinese as a second language to further study the relationship between the development of morphological awareness and mental lexicon in the future.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Education<br>Master<br>Master of Education

by Leung Chu Wah.<br>Parallel title in Chinese characters.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-182).<br>Acknowledgements --- p.vi<br>Abstract --- p.vii<br>Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1<br>Chapter 2. --- Evaluation of Far Field by Lai and Char's Method --- p.6<br>Chapter 2.1 --- Far Field Expression --- p.6<br>Chapter 2.2 --- Radiation Power --- p.12<br>Chapter 2.3 --- Gaussian Curvature and Point of Stationary Phase of Cylindrically Symmetry DWS --- p.16<br>Figures for Chapter2 --- p.19<br>Chapter 3. --- Synchrotron Radiation in Vacuum Using Lai and Char's Method --- p.20<br>Chapter 3.1 --- The Far Field --- p.20<br>Chapter 3.2 --- Current Density for a Gyrating Charge --- p.22<br>Chapter 3.3 --- Radiation Power --- p.25<br>Chapter 3.4 --- Some Angular Properties of Synchrotron Radiation --- p.29<br>Chapter 3.5 --- Total Power Emitted in N-th Harmonic --- p.32<br>Chapter 3.6 --- Total Power Emitted in All Harmonics --- p.33<br>Figures for Chapter3 --- p.36<br>Chapter 4. --- Synchrotron Radiation in a Cold Magnetoplasma --- p.42<br>Chapter 4.1 --- DWS for a Cold Magnetoplasma --- p.42<br>Chapter 4.2 --- Derivatives of kp and Gaussian Curvature of DWS --- p.45<br>Chapter 4.3 --- Group Velocity --- p.46<br>Chapter 4.4 --- Current Density --- p.47<br>Chapter 4.5 --- Point of Stationary Phase --- p.48<br>Chapter 4.6 --- Identification of Different Wave Modes --- p.48<br>Chapter 4.7 --- Radiation Power --- p.49<br>Chapter 4.8 --- Relation with Vacuum Case --- p.53<br>Figures for Chapter4 --- p.56<br>Chapter 5. --- Incoherent Radiation from an Assembly of Charges --- p.79<br>Chapter 5.1 --- Total Incoherent Energy Flux from N Particles --- p.79<br>Chapter 5.2 --- Synchrotron Radiation from Particles with Momentum Distribution --- p.80<br>Chapter 5.3 --- Mono-Energetic Particles with Distributed Parallel Momentum --- p.82<br>Chapter 5.4 --- "Angular Distribution, Frequency Distribution and Total Radiation Power" --- p.87<br>Figures for Chapter5 --- p.88<br>Chapter 6. --- Coherent Radiation from an Assembly of Charges --- p.94<br>Chapter 6.1 --- Bunching Factor --- p.94<br>Chapter 6.2 --- Some Arrangements of Particles --- p.96<br>Chapter 6.2.1 --- Charges Distributed Uniformly over an Arc of Angular Width --- p.96<br>Chapter 6.2.2 --- Charges Distributed Along a Straight Line --- p.100<br>Chapter 6.2.3 --- Charges Distributed Uniformly on a Helical Path --- p.101<br>Chapter 6.2.4 --- Charges Distributed Randomly on an Arc --- p.102<br>Chapter 6.3 --- Effect of Bunching in a Cold Magnetoplasma --- p.104<br>Figures for Chapter6 --- p.105<br>Chapter 7. --- Correction to Radiation Power Formula for Degenerate DWS --- p.113<br>Chapter 7.1 --- Far Field Expression for Degenerate DWS --- p.113<br>Chapter 7.2 --- Radiation Power for Degenerate DWS --- p.115<br>Chapter 7.3 --- Alternate Proof for the Extra Factorin (7.2.11) --- p.118<br>Chapter 7.4 --- Example of Degenerate DWS - Vacuum --- p.120<br>Chapter 8. --- "Ratio of Emitted Power to Received Power, f" --- p.122<br>Chapter 8.1 --- Group Velocity in terms of Derivatives of DWS --- p.122<br>Chapter 8.2 --- Calculation of Derivatives --- p.124<br>Chapter 8.3 --- Expression for f --- p.126<br>Chapter 8.4 --- Alternate Form of f --- p.127<br>Chapter 8.5 --- Examples of Calculating f Using (8.4.1) --- p.129<br>Chapter 8.5.1 --- Isotropic Cold Plasma --- p.129<br>Chapter 8.5.2 --- Cold Magnetoplasma --- p.130<br>Figures for Chapter8 --- p.132<br>Chapter 9. --- Comparison of Far Field by Lai and Chan with that by Others --- p.135<br>Chapter 9.1 --- Expressing the Far Field Ratio in terms of Derivatives of DWS and WS --- p.135<br>Chapter 9.2 --- Far Field Ratio for an Uniaxial Non-Dispersive Medium --- p.137<br>Chapter 9.3 --- Far Field Ratio for an Isotropic Cold Plasma --- p.138<br>Chapter 10. --- Minimum Far Field Distance to a Moving Radiating Source in an Anisotropic and Dispersive Medium --- p.140<br>Chapter 10.1 --- Sub-Dominant Terms of the Far Field --- p.141<br>Chapter 10.2 --- Minimum Far Field Distance --- p.147<br>Chapter 10.3 --- Minimum Far Field Distance in an Isotropic Non-Dispersive Medium --- p.152<br>Chapter 10.4 --- Minimum Far Field Distance in an Isotropic Dispersive Cold Plasma --- p.156<br>Chapter 10.5 --- Minimum Far Field Distance for Alfven Waves in a Cold Magnetoplasma --- p.159<br>Chapter 10.6 --- Comparison of Results by Other Authors --- p.162<br>Figures for Chapter 10 --- p.165<br>Chapter 11. --- Conclusions<br>Chapter Appendix 1. --- Calculation of the Total Power Emitted in Synchrotron Radiation in Vacuum --- p.170<br>Chapter Appendix 2. --- "Derivatives of stix's Parameters and a1,a2 of Equation (4.1.22)-(4.1.23 )" --- p.176<br>Chapter Appendix 3. --- Dispersion Relation for Alfven Wavesin a Cold Magnetoplasma --- p.179<br>References --- p.181