Journal articles: 'Jigs and fixtures Flexible manufacturing systems'

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Kusiak, Andrew, Anthony Vannelli†, and K. Ravi Kumar‡. "Grouping problem in scheduling flexible manufacturing systems." Robotica 3, no. 4 (October 1985): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700002344.

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SUMMARYIn this paper the problem of grouping parts and fixtures in Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMSs) is discussed. A network formulation of the grouping problem is presented. Based on this formulation an efficient heuristic algorithm is developed. The importance of grouping of parts and fixtures in FMSs as well as some of the computational results are discussed.

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Nee, A. Y. C., N. Bhattacharyya, and A. N. Poo. "Applying AI in jigs and fixtures design." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 3, no. 2 (January 1987): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-5845(87)90102-5.

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Nicksch, C., A. Buckhorst, W. Meyer, P. Baryliszyn, and R. Schmitt. "Vorrichtungslose Montage von Karosseriebauteilen*/Fixtureless assembly of car body components - Virtual assembly of flexible joining processes in automotive prototype construction using laser radar." wt Werkstattstechnik online 109, no. 09 (2019): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2019-09-14.

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Im automobilen Prototypenbau werden starre Vorrichtungen genutzt, um Karosseriebauteile für Fügeprozesse zueinander auszurichten. Geringe Stückzahlen der Vorserie führen zu kurzen Nutzungsphasen der aufwendig aufgebauten und eingemessenen Vorrichtungen. Im Beitrag wird ein Ansatz zur vorrichtungslosen Montage durch den Einsatz von Industrierobotik und laserbasierter Messtechnik vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich für einzelne Baugruppen Möglichkeiten für das vorrichtungslose Fügen in der industriellen Praxis ergeben.   Rigid fixtures are used in automotive prototype construction to align body parts for joining processes. Small quantities of the prototype series lead to short usage of the laboriously assembled and calibrated fixtures. In the following, an approach of fixtureless assembly using industrial robots and laser metrology is presented. The results show that some fixtures and jigs can be dispensed with for individual components in industrial practice.

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Wang, Jin Feng, Guang Feng Zhang, and Xian Zhang Feng. "Characteristics Analysis of Flexible Manufacturing Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 329 (June 2013): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.329.172.

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For the rigid automatic line, although its production efficiency is high, but the flexible is less in the machining process, the machine and the assembly line need be shut down to adjust or replace for machine tools, jigs, tools, and tooling equipment, etc. When the work pieces for the machining is changed. It caused a heavy workload, wasting a lot of time. Flexible Manufacturing Systems consisted of unified control system, material handling system and a set of digital control processing equipment; it is the automation machinery manufacturing system to adapt the processing object transform. It has become one of the important means of manufacturing industry to obtain the advantages of market competitiveness. This paper gives the composition, algorithm and application of learning system concept, composition, and classification, characteristics of the flexible manufacturing system, the development overview and its application are induced in this paper.

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Thompson, B. S., and M. V. Gandhi. "Particulate Fluidized-Bed Fixtures for Automated Manufacturing." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 108, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231262.

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Flexible manufacturing systems are designed to produce a wide variety of parts with different shapes and sizes. However, the current philosophy of employing dedicated fixtures is expensive, and inefficient, and if these modern manufacturing systems are to be truly flexible, then the fixturing must be flexible also. This paper which reports on an innovative class of flexible fixtures based on particulate fluidized beds, not only presents a mathematical model governing the holding ability of this novel class of fixtured, but also summarizes the results of parametric computer studies.

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Gandhi, M. V., and B. S. Thompson. "Automated design of modular fixtures for flexible manufacturing systems." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 5, no. 4 (January 1986): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6125(86)90055-5.

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Gandhi, M. V., B. S. Thompson, and D. J. Maas. "Adaptable Fixture Design: An Analytical and Experimental Study of Fluidized-Bed Fixturing." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 108, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3260777.

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Computer-integrated flexible manufacturing systems are designed to respond quickly and economically to varying production requirements. Since an essential ingredient of all manufacturing operations is fixturing, if these modern manufacturing systems are to be truly flexible, then the fixturing must be adaptable also. Traditional design philosophies focused on dedicated fixtures are clearly inadequate for these applications. This paper reports on an innovative class of adaptable fixtures based on particulate fluidized beds. This mode of fixturing exploits the ability of these devices to change from a solid phase to a liquid phase and vice versa. Design criteria for the holding ability of this novel class of fixtures is established herein, and the proposed design philosophy is validated by an experimental program.

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Ivanov, Vitalii, Oleksandr Liaposhchenko, Yuliia Denysenko, and Ivan Pavlenko. "Ensuring economic efficiency of flexible fixtures in multiproduct manufacturing." Engineering Management in Production and Services 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/emj-2021-0004.

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Abstract The first-priority directions for modern engineering, especially for multiproduct manufacturing, include the intensification of manufacturing processes, increasing the efficiency of technological equipment, and reducing the time required to implement technological solutions. Fixture design is a complicated and time-consuming process that requires considering many parameters of the closed-loop technological system “machine tool — fixture — cutting tool — workpiece”. One machined part can have several fixture layouts corresponding to all specified parameters; however, their effectiveness differs depending on production conditions. Search for an optimal fixture for specified production conditions is an essential stage of production planning. It has been proved that the efficiency of a manufacturing process should be assessed using single economic indicator — the cost of machining, which considers the costs of time, the total costs for process realisation, and a batch of parts. The paper aims to substantiate the efficiency of manufacturing processes in machining complex parts using flexible fixtures by developing a mathematical model that considers the cost of time, the cost of implementing the manufacturing process, and the batch value of parts production. This approach estimates the efficiency of manufacturing processes for machining complex parts and choosing the flexible fixture layout that corresponds to specific production conditions. It was proved that flexible fixtures could be effectively used for machining small batches of parts with frequent readjustments to new workpieces and short-term machining. A tendency has been established that the higher number of nomenclature of parts contributes to expanding the scope of the effective use of flexible fixtures.

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Khusainov, R. M., R. R. Mindiyarov, and B. I. Petrovetskiy. "Solving optimization problems in the design of fixtures for flexible manufacturing systems." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 971 (December 1, 2020): 032063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/971/3/032063.

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Lee, Jinkoo, S. Jack Hu, and Allen C. Ward. "Workspace Synthesis for Flexible Fixturing of Stampings." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 121, no. 3 (August 1, 1999): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2832706.

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Fixtures are used to position and hold parts for a series of assembly operations. In automotive body assembly, these fixtures conventionally have been dedicated, therefore they must be replaced whenever there are model changes in an auto body assembly plant. In recent years, however, the automotive industry has been changing from high volume to small-to-medium volume production per model with an increasing number of models because customer tastes are diversifying. To cope with this change, auto companies need to be capable of producing a variety of models in small-to-medium volume, and they rely on flexible assembly lines and flexible fixtures. These flexible fixtures use robots as programmable fixture elements so that they can be reprogrammed for different stamped sheet metal parts. When designing flexible fixtures, fixture designers need to be concerned with fixture workspaces for a set of different stampings. However, existing fixture design methods address the fixturing of one stamping only. This paper presents a system that fixture designers can use to synthesize flexible fixture workspaces for a set of different stampings. Based on circular workspaces for flexible fixture robots, this system finds optimal workspace sizes and centers on a fixture base plate with a graphical display for visual checking. This system is simple to use and produces results quickly.

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Kasie, Fentahun Moges, Glen Bright, and Anthony Walker. "Decision support systems in manufacturing: a survey and future trends." Journal of Modelling in Management 12, no. 3 (August 14, 2017): 432–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-02-2016-0015.

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Purpose This paper aims to propose a theoretical decision support framework, which integrates artificial intelligence (AI), discrete-event simulation (DES) and database management technologies so as to determine the steady state flow of items (e.g. fixtures, jigs, tools, etc.) in manufacturing. Design/methodology/approach The existing literature was carefully reviewed to address the state of the arts in decision support systems (DSS), the shortcomings of pure simulation-based and pure AI-based DSS. A conceptual example is illustrated to show the integrated application of AI, simulation and database components of the proposed DSS framework. Findings Recent DSS studies have revealed the limitations of pure simulation-based and pure AI-based DSS. A new DSS framework is required in manufacturing to address these limitations, taking into account the problems of flowing items. Research limitations/implications The theoretical DSS framework is proposed using simple rules and equations. This implies that it is not complex for software development and implementation. Practical data are not presented in this paper. A real DSS will be developed using the proposed theoretical framework and realistic results will be presented in the near future. Originality/value The proposed theoretical framework reveals how the integrated components of DSS can work together in manufacturing in order to determine the stable flow of items in a specific production period. Especially, the integrated performance of case-based reasoning (CBR) and DES is conceptually illustrated.

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Shenoy, S. M., and C. D. Rahn. "Neural Adaptive Control for Positioning Fabric on a Frictional Surface." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 121, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2830564.

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This research focuses on real-time position control for draping fabric sliding on a high friction surface. Although fabrics are usually positioned on smooth surfaces with fixed fabric guides to simplify automated handling, a high friction work surface holds the fabric in place after positioning, allowing accurate assembly of multiple fabric parts without specialized jigs or fixtures. A neural adaptive controller with feedforward friction compensation provides asymptotic tracking for a spring mass model with friction. A test stand and an optical sensor are designed to facilitate real time position measurement and control. The neural adaptive controller demonstrates good position tracking and robustness to fabric property variations relative to open loop or PID control.

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Rouhani, Hossein, Alireza Fazlirad, Babak N. Araabi, and Caro Lucas. "Optimal design of a flexible transferring system in press automation using fuzzy clustering." Assembly Automation 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01445150510579003.

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PurposeModern day manufacturing has seen the replacement of manual transfer of parts between press machines with automatic transfer systems. Higher automation productivity demands greater flexibility of transfer devices. This paper deals with methods to improve the flexibility of fixtures designed to transfer parts between press machines.Design/methodology/approachDescribes methods to improve the flexibility of fixtures designed to transfer parts between press machines in Press Shop 3 at Iran Khodro Company (IKCO). A fuzzy C means clustering‐based method is developed to optimize the number and arrangement of actuators for each fixture. Economical aspects of this novel design are addressed as well.FindingsThe simulation results suggest that application of a flexible fixtures system and use of linear motors was the best method of adding flexibility to the loader‐unloader system.Originality/valueProvides evidence that flexible components are indispensable to increasing production speed and reliability in an automated system.

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Shin, C. K., and H. S. Cho. "On the generation of robotic assembly sequences based on separability and assembly motion stability." Robotica 12, no. 1 (January 1994): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700018130.

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This paper presents a method for the automatic generation of robotic assembly sequences based on the verification of a disassemblability for a part to be disassembled. To derive the disassemblability of a candidate part, we first inference collision free assembly directions by extracting separable directions for the part and calculating the separability which gives information as to how the part can be easily separated. Using the result, we determine the disassemblability defined in terms of the separability and stability costs. The separability cost represents a facility of the part disassembly operation, while the stability cost represents a degree of the stability for the base assembly motion which gives a guidance for design of jig/fixture. The proposed method provides a potentially local optimal solution for finding a cost effective assembly plan, and the feasibility of generating robot motion programs by evaluating separable directions in flexible manufacturing applications. A case study is given to illustrate the concepts and procedure of the proposed scheme.

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Rong, Yiming (Kevin), and Yong Bai. "Automated Generation of Fixture Configuration Design." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 119, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2831097.

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Flexible fixturing is a necessary aspect of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems (CIMS). Modular fixtures are most widely used in industry for job and batch production. Computer-Aided Fixture Design (CAFD) has become a research focus in implementing FMS and CIMS. Fixture configuration design is an important issue in the domain of CAFD. A review of the current research in CAFD indicates that a major problem impeding the automated generation of fixture configurations is the lack of studies on fixture structures. This paper investigates fundamental structures of dowel-pin based modular fixtures and fixturing characteristics of commonly used modular fixture elements. A Modular Fixture Element Assembly Relationship Graph (MFEARG) is designed to represent combination relationships between fixture elements. Based on MFEARG, algorithms are developed to search all suitable fixturing unit candidates and mount them into appropriate positions on a baseplate with interference checking. A prototype system for automated design of dowel-pin modular fixture configurations is presented in this paper. Fixture design examples are given at the end of the paper.

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Abou-Hanna, Jeries, Kiyohisa Okumura, and Timothy McGreevy. "Dynamic behavior and creep characteristics of flexible particulate bed fixtures." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 12, no. 6 (January 1993): 496–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6125(93)90346-u.

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Erdem, Ilker, Gauti Asbjörnsson, and Henrik Kihlman. "Workpiece force and position control for active and flexible fixtures in assembly." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 112, no. 1-2 (November 19, 2020): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06317-3.

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Wu, T. J., Pei Huang Lou, and Z. G. Man. "A New Approach for Automation of Locating Planning of Workpiece." Key Engineering Materials 458 (December 2010): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.458.48.

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Fixtures are used to locate and constrain firmly a workpiece during machining operation. Flexible and efficient fixturing has become an important issue in flexible manufacturing systems and computer integrated manufacturing system. Locating planning is the basis of the fixturing design, which has a direct influence on the quality of the clamping scheme and the machining quality of workpiece. This paper presents a new approach for locating planning of workpiece. Firstly, it will automatically select the primary locating surfaces with consideration of 5 influence factors: constraint freedoms, surface feature, valid locating area, tolerance relationship and surface roughness. Then the other locating surfaces are determined by retrieving similar workpieces under the guideline of 4 locating methods which will make the best of already available locating planning. Finally the optimal locator layout is fast achieved with GA with the goal of minimal locating tolerance.

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Abou-Hanna, Jeries, Kiyohisa Okamura, and Timothy McGreevy. "Sinkage characteristics of workpieces in flexible particulate bed fixtures: An experimental and numerical investigation." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 13, no. 5 (January 1994): 359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6125(94)p2585-3.

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Abou-Hanna, Jeries, Kiyohisa Okamura, and Timothy McGreevy. "Experimental study of static and dynamic rigidities of flexible particulate bed fixtures under external vertical and torque loads." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 13, no. 3 (January 1994): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6125(94)90003-5.

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Tavares, Pedro, Daniel Marques, Pedro Malaca, Germano Veiga, Pedro Costa, and António P. Moreira. "Optimal automatic path planner and design for high redundancy robotic systems." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 47, no. 1 (November 16, 2019): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-09-2018-0194.

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Purpose In the vast majority of the individual robot installations, the robot arm is just one piece of a complex puzzle of components, such as grippers, jigs or external axis, that together compose an industrial robotic cell. The success of such installations is very dependent not only on the selection of such components but also on the layout and design of the final robotic cell, which are the main tasks of the system integrators. Consequently, successful robot installations are often empirical tasks owing to the high number of experimental combinations that could lead to exhaustive and time-consuming testing approaches. Design/methodology/approach A newly developed optimized technique to deal with automatic planning and design of robotic systems is proposed and tested in this paper. Findings The application of a genetic-based algorithm achieved optimal results in short time frames and improved the design of robotic work cells. Here, the authors show that a multi-layer optimization approach, which can be validated using a robotic tool, is able to help with the design of robotic systems. Practical implications The usage of the proposed approach can be valuable to industrial corporations, as it allows for improved workflows, maximization of available robotic operations and improvement of efficiency. Originality/value To date, robotic solutions lack flexibility to cope with the demanding industrial environments. The results presented here formalize a new flexible and modular approach, which can provide optimal solutions throughout the different stages of design and execution control of any work cell.

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Kim, Jungsuk, Kwang Soo Kim, and Hojong Choi. "Development of a low-cost six-axis alignment instrument for flexible 2D and 3D ultrasonic probes." Technology and Health Care 29 (March 25, 2021): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/thc-218008.

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BACKGROUND: The pulse-echo test is used to evaluate the performance of ultrasonic probes before manufacturing ultrasonic systems. However, commercial alignment instruments are very large and use complex programs with long operation times. OBJECTIVE: To develop a low-cost alignment instrument used in the pulse-echo test for evaluating the performance of various 2D and 3D ultrasonic probes. METHODS: The developed alignment instrument can be aligned with the X, Y, Z, azimuth, elevation, and tilt axes with manual structure to support mounting fixtures that hold 2D and 3D ultrasonic probes. Each axis has a manual lever and is designed to have no movement when fixed. In particular, tilt and azimuth directions are designed to move more than 5∘ left and right. RESULTS: The probe mounted in the X, Y, and Z axes can move at above 50 mm. The probe mounted in the azimuth, elevation, and tilt axes can move more than 5∘ in the left and right directions. The pulse-echo test using commercial ultrasonic probes showed maximum error rate of less than 5%. CONCLUSIONS: Our developed alignment instrument can reduce costs by eliminating the need for shortening inspection times for probe manufacturers.

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Nnaji, Bartholomew O., Saqib Alladin, and Paul Lyu. "A framework for a rule-based expert fixturing system for face milling planar surfaces on a CAD system using flexible fixtures." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 7, no. 3 (January 1988): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6125(88)90004-0.

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"Automated design of modular fixtures for flexible manufacturing systems." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 12, no. 1 (1993): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6125(93)90119-e.

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"Dynamic behavior and creep characteristics of flexible particulate bed fixtures." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 12, no. 6 (January 1993): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6125(93)90380-c.

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Wu, Xiuli, Junjian Peng, Xiao Xiao, and Shaomin Wu. "An effective approach for the dual-resource flexible job shop scheduling problem considering loading and unloading." Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, November 13, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-020-01697-5.

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AbstractMany manufacturing systems need more than one type of resource to co-work with. Commonly studied flexible job shop scheduling problems merely consider the main resource such as machines and ignore the impact of other types of resource. As a result, scheduling solutions may not put into practice. This paper therefore studies the dual resource constrained flexible job shop scheduling problem when loading and unloading time (DRFJSP-LU) of the fixtures is considered. It formulates a multi-objective mathematical model to jointly minimize the makespan and the total setup time. Considering the influence of resource requirement similarity among different operations, we propose a similarity-based scheduling algorithm for setup-time reduction (SSA4STR) and then an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) to optimize the DRFJSP-LU. Experimental results show that the SSA4STR can effectively reduce the loading and unloading time of fixtures while ensuring a level of makespan. The experiments also verify that the scheduling solution with multiple resources has a greater guiding effect on production than the scheduling result with a single resource.

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"Sinkage characteristics of workpieces in flexible particulate bed fixtures: An experimental and numerical investigation." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 13, no. 6 (January 1994): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6125(94)90156-2.

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"Experimental study of static and dynamic rigidities of flexible particulate bed fixtures under external vertical and torque loads." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 13, no. 6 (January 1994): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6125(94)90143-0.

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Gmeiner, Thomas, and Kristina Shea. "An Ontology for the Autonomous Reconfiguration of a Flexible Fixture Device." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 13, no. 2 (April 22, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4023587.

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The need for reconfigurable manufacturing systems has long been recognized as a key factor to gain the necessary flexibility for economical production of small batch sizes. Automation of the reconfiguration processes is a challenge both on the hardware and the software level. Addressing this issue in the field of fixture design, a new reconfigurable fixture device for a CNC milling machine has been developed. The developed vise contains interchangeable and customizable jaws enabling the secure fixture of a variety of workpiece geometries. To enable automated reconfiguration, a reasoning system is needed that can determine feasible fixture configurations based on the given workpiece and part as well as the available fixture components. In this paper, an ontology for representing fixture design and reconfiguration knowledge for vise-type flexible fixtures is presented. The ontology builds on and extends an existing ontology for modular fixture design. The creation of the ontology is based on a systematic building methodology, going from informal to formal concept definitions in a middle-out approach. The core concepts and relations of the ontology are presented and the ontology is validated both on the informal and on the formal level by its ability to find feasible fixture configurations, i.e., appropriate vise jaw pairs to fix example workpieces. The ontology can represent type-specific fixture designs in an unambiguous way and can hence serve as a basis for the development of applications needed to create an autonomous fixture design system.

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"A framework for a rule-based expert fixturing system for face milling planar surfaces on a CAD system using flexible fixtures." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 12, no. 1 (1993): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6125(93)90157-o.

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Saha, Sourabh K., and Martin L. Culpepper. "Characterization of the Dip Pen Nanolithography Process for Nanomanufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 133, no. 4 (July 20, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4004406.

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Dip pen nanolithography (DPN) is a flexible nanofabrication process for creating 2-D nanoscale features on a surface using an “inked” tip. Although a variety of ink-surface combinations can be used for creating 2-D nanofeatures using DPN, the process has not yet been characterized for high throughput and high quality manufacturing. Therefore, at present it is not possible to (i) predict whether fabricating a part is feasible within the constraints of the desired rate and quality and (ii) select/design equipment appropriate for the desired manufacturing goals. Herein, we have quantified the processing rate, tool life, and feature quality for DPN line writing by linking these manufacturing metrics to the process/system parameters. Based on this characterization, we found that (i) due to theoretical and practical constraints of current technology, the processing rate cannot be increased beyond about 20 times the typical rate of ∼1 μm2/min, (ii) tool life for accurate line writing is limited to 1–5 min, and (iii) sensitivity of line width to process parameters decreases with an increase in the writing speed. Thus, we conclude that for a high throughput and high quality system, we need (i) parallelization or process modification to improve throughput and (ii) accurate fixtures for rapid tool change. We also conclude that process control at high speed writing is less stringent than at low speed writing, thereby suggesting that DPN has a niche in high speed writing of narrow lines.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Jigs and fixtures Flexible manufacturing systems'

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