Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Joelhos - Anatomia'
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Silva, Alessandra [UNESP]. "Morfologia do joelho da paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus 1766)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101080.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A descrição morfológica da paca pode facilitar sua exploração econômica racional e preservação da espécie. Além disso, devido ao interesse dos pesquisadores por novos modelos experimentais de cirurgia, em especial para reconstrução das estruturas do joelho, objetivou-se com o presente estudo, descrever a anatomia do joelho da paca. Neste contexto, a articulação do joelho foi dissecada para identificar as estruturas presentes; foi verificada a ocorrência de tecido ósseo nos meniscos, e realizada análise histológica e ultraestrutural dos ligamentos colaterais e meniscos. No joelho da paca foram identificados os ligamentos cruzados cranial e caudal; o ligamento meniscofemoral; os ligamentos colaterais lateral e medial; os ligamentos meniscotibiais craniais dos meniscos medial e lateral; o ligamento meniscotibial caudal do menisco medial; o ligamento patelar; a patela; os ossos sesamóides do músculo gastrocnêmio lateral e medial, e os meniscos lateral e medial. Os ligamentos colaterais são constituídos por feixes de fibras colágenas arranjadas paralelamente e com trajeto ondulado. Os fibroblastos formavam fileiras paralelas às fibras colágenas, dos ligamentos colaterais, com citoplasma imperceptível à avaliação por microscopia de luz, mas, em análise ultraestrutural verificou-se vários prolongamentos citoplasmáticos. Os meniscos destes animais são fibrocartilaginosos e apresentam na região cranial uma ossificação. As estruturas presentes no joelho da paca assemelham-se aos dos animais domésticos, roedores e lagomorfos. Os ligamentos colaterais e os meniscos são estruturalmente semelhantes aos ligamentos e meniscos do joelho dos animais domésticos, roedores e lagomorfos. Porém, o menisco da paca apresenta lúnula
Paca morphological description may facilitate their rational economical exploitation and specie preservation. The researches interest by novel surgical experimental models, focus specially by joint stifle reconstruction, also motivated the present study in describing the anatomy of the paca stifle. In this context, the stifle joint was dissected in order to identify the structures. It was observed tissue bone in meniscus and the histological and ultrastructural analysis of collateral ligament and menisci were performed. The cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments; the meniscofemoral ligament; the lateral and medial collateral ligaments; cranial meniscotibial ligaments of the medial and lateral menisci; caudal meniscotibial ligament of the medial meniscus; patellar ligament; patella, the lateral and medial sesamoid bones of the gastrocnemius muscle and the lateral and medial menisci. The collateral ligaments are composed of crimp collagen fiber bundles arranged in parallel. The fibroblasts were aligned with the collagen fibers. The cytoplasm was unable to be noticed by light microscopy, but ultrastructural analysis showed a large amount of citoplasmatic projections. The menisci of these animals are fibrocartilaginous with bone tissue cranially. The paca stifle joint structures are similar to the domestic animals, rodents and lagomorphs. Collateral ligaments and menisci are structurally similar to the domestic animals, rodents and lagomorphs. However the paca meniscus has lunula
Silva, Alessandra. "Morfologia do joelho da paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus 1766) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101080.
Full textBanca: Sheila Canevese Rahal
Banca: Carlos Roberto Teixeira
Banca: Bruno Watanabe Minto
Banca: Taís Harumi de Castro Sasahara
Resumo: A descrição morfológica da paca pode facilitar sua exploração econômica racional e preservação da espécie. Além disso, devido ao interesse dos pesquisadores por novos modelos experimentais de cirurgia, em especial para reconstrução das estruturas do joelho, objetivou-se com o presente estudo, descrever a anatomia do joelho da paca. Neste contexto, a articulação do joelho foi dissecada para identificar as estruturas presentes; foi verificada a ocorrência de tecido ósseo nos meniscos, e realizada análise histológica e ultraestrutural dos ligamentos colaterais e meniscos. No joelho da paca foram identificados os ligamentos cruzados cranial e caudal; o ligamento meniscofemoral; os ligamentos colaterais lateral e medial; os ligamentos meniscotibiais craniais dos meniscos medial e lateral; o ligamento meniscotibial caudal do menisco medial; o ligamento patelar; a patela; os ossos sesamóides do músculo gastrocnêmio lateral e medial, e os meniscos lateral e medial. Os ligamentos colaterais são constituídos por feixes de fibras colágenas arranjadas paralelamente e com trajeto ondulado. Os fibroblastos formavam fileiras paralelas às fibras colágenas, dos ligamentos colaterais, com citoplasma imperceptível à avaliação por microscopia de luz, mas, em análise ultraestrutural verificou-se vários prolongamentos citoplasmáticos. Os meniscos destes animais são fibrocartilaginosos e apresentam na região cranial uma ossificação. As estruturas presentes no joelho da paca assemelham-se aos dos animais domésticos, roedores e lagomorfos. Os ligamentos colaterais e os meniscos são estruturalmente semelhantes aos ligamentos e meniscos do joelho dos animais domésticos, roedores e lagomorfos. Porém, o menisco da paca apresenta lúnula
Abstract: Paca morphological description may facilitate their rational economical exploitation and specie preservation. The researches interest by novel surgical experimental models, focus specially by joint stifle reconstruction, also motivated the present study in describing the anatomy of the paca stifle. In this context, the stifle joint was dissected in order to identify the structures. It was observed tissue bone in meniscus and the histological and ultrastructural analysis of collateral ligament and menisci were performed. The cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments; the meniscofemoral ligament; the lateral and medial collateral ligaments; cranial meniscotibial ligaments of the medial and lateral menisci; caudal meniscotibial ligament of the medial meniscus; patellar ligament; patella, the lateral and medial sesamoid bones of the gastrocnemius muscle and the lateral and medial menisci. The collateral ligaments are composed of crimp collagen fiber bundles arranged in parallel. The fibroblasts were aligned with the collagen fibers. The cytoplasm was unable to be noticed by light microscopy, but ultrastructural analysis showed a large amount of citoplasmatic projections. The menisci of these animals are fibrocartilaginous with bone tissue cranially. The paca stifle joint structures are similar to the domestic animals, rodents and lagomorphs. Collateral ligaments and menisci are structurally similar to the domestic animals, rodents and lagomorphs. However the paca meniscus has lunula
Doutor
D\'Elia, Caio Oliveira. "Estudo comparativo da avaliação da rotação dos joelhos submetidos à reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior: feixe duplo x feixe simples." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-16032015-151434/.
Full textIn an attempt to better restore the normal function of the two ACL bundles, the ACL reconstruction with two bundles has been proposed. However, the superiority of the double-bundle technique has not been clearly demonstrated in the clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to compare the tibial rotational range, maximal internal and external rotation and ground reaction force of anatomical double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed knees with single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed knees during three different demanding tasks. A total of 75 subjects, (26 with double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, 22 with single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and 27 healthy control individuals) were evaluated in this study. Using a 4-camera motion analysis system, motion subjects were recorded performing during three different tasks. Using the CAST technique, the internal-external tibial rotation of both knees was calculated. The mean tibial rotational range, maximum internal and external rotation, for each knee, was evaluated for the 3 groups (double-bundle group, single-bundle group, and control group). Clinical assessment, including objective and subjective IKDC scores, and knee arthrometric measurement, revealed restoration of the reconstructed knee stability with no differences between the two anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction groups. The results demonstrated that both groups resulted in tibial rotation range values that were similar to those in the non-injured knees and those in the healthy controls. There were also no significant differences in tibial rotational range, maximal internal and external rotation and ground reaction force between the DB group and the SB group. Therefore, anatomical double-bundle and single-bundle reconstruction are able to restore normal tibial rotation
Astur, Diego da Costa [UNIFESP]. "Uso da tecnologia tridimensional para visualização de imagens anatômicas do joelho humano." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/39285.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Introdução: A possibilidade de vivenciar os registros impressos com as mesmas características que visualizamos no dia a dia fez com que técnicas de construção de imagens com efeito tridimensional fossem desenvolvidas ao longo dos anos. Poucos estudos referentes à aplicação dessas técnicas na área da saúde foram citados na literatura. Entre eles, nenhum utiliza a técnica para o estudo da anatomia musculoesquelética. Objetivo: Aplicar a técnica anaglífica de construção e visualização tridimensional das principais estruturas musculoesqueléticas dissecadas do joelho humano. Métodos: Foram dissecados 20 joelhos humanos de cadáver para identificação das principais estruturas desta articulação. O joelho foi dividido em cinco regiões para facilitar a compreensão anatômica. Com auxílio de máquina fotográfica fixada a uma barra deslizante, foram realizados dois registros fotográficos da mesma estrutura por ângulos diferentes com o intuito de simular a visão dos olhos direito e esquerdo humanos. Com auxílio de software, as imagens foram polarizadas e sobrepostas. É necessário utilizar óculos polarizados próprios para visualizar a estrutura anatômica com o efeito tridimensional. Resultados: Após dissecção e aplicação da técnica anaglífica, foi obtida uma coleção de imagens tridimensionais das principais estruturas do joelho. As imagens foram agrupadas em cinco grupos: ligamento cruzado anterior, ligamento cruzado posterior, mecanismo extensor, compartimento póstero-lateral e compartimento póstero-medial do joelho. Conclusão: As imagens anatômicas dissecadas das principais estruturas musculoesqueléticas e vasculares do joelho humano podem ser visualizadas com efeito tridimensional quando aplicada a elas a técnica anaglífica.
Introduction: Human anatomy drawings and picture studies illustrated on scientific articles and books are always limited due to a two-dimensional representation of the anatomic structures, especially when it comes to surgical approaches and techniques. Over the years, the need for a more accurate representation of reality and aspects of surgical routine provided a promising development of three-dimensional anatomical images. Few studies concerning the application of these techniques in healthcare routine were cited in the literature. Among those, none apply these threedimensional images to musculoskeletal anatomy. Objective: To apply the anaglyphic reconstruction technique to visualize three-dimensional images of the major anatomical structures of a human specimen knee. Methods: Twenty cadaveric human knees were dissected to identify the major structures of this joint. The knee was divided into five different zones to better understand its anatomy details. Two photographic images of each anatomical structure were captured by a fixed standing camera attached to a slide bar to simulate the human right and left eyes vision. Images captured were overlapped and polarized through a photo editing software. Specific polarized glasses are required for one to view the three-dimensional effects of the anatomical structures. Results: A series of three-dimensional images of the major structures of the knee were collected. They were divided into five groups: anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, extensor mechanism, posterolateral and posteromedial compartment of the knee. Conclusions: Anaglyphic three-dimensional reconstruction imaging technique is compatible to anatomical studies of the knee and provides more realistic visualization of the musculoskeletal and vascular structures of the human knee.
Vieira, Eugénio Vítor Caldeira. "Desenvolvimento de um novo conceito de implante patelo-femoral." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/9943.
Full textO joelho é uma das articulações mais importantes do corpo humano, permite a mobilidade e a estabilidade em simultâneo. Algumas patologias como a síndrome patelo-femoral podem conduzir à necessidade da realização da artroplastia patelo-femoral. Vários efeitos comprometem a longevidade desta artroplastia, sendo os mais frequentes o efeito de stress shielding, responsável pela reabsorção óssea localizada, o efeito de fadiga por sobrecarga associado à geração de microfissuras e colapso do osso de suporte, e a osteólise provocada pela fratura e libertação de micropartículas do cimento-ósseo. Os parâmetros biomecânicos associados a estes efeitos foram estudados em três implantes comerciais; Journey PFJ (Smith & Nephew Inc), Vanguard PFR (Biomet Inc) e Zimmer PFJ (Zimmer Inc). Adicionalmente foram ainda propostos seis novos modelos de implante por forma a tentar melhorar o desempenho destes, tendo sido este o principal objetivo deste trabalho. Para a análise dos parâmetros biomecânicos (deformações no osso e tensões no cimento ósseo) foram utilizados modelos de elementos finitos desenvolvidos a partir de imagens médicas de TAC de um paciente saudável. Foram simuladas as condições de carga para três atividades fisiológicas distintas; ciclo de marcha, subir escadas e agachamento profundo. Estas análises foram realizadas por forma a serem representativas de duas situações clínicas distintas, uma representativa do curto termo, em que o cimento-ósseo foi considerado rigidamente ligado ao osso e outra representativa do longo termo, em que o cimento-ósseo foi considerado apenas em contacto com atrito com o osso, ou seja uma situação de descolamento desta interface. Após a análise comparativa dos diferentes modelos implantados relativamente aos modelos intactos, verificou-se que nas regiões de bordo dos implantes comerciais os níveis de deformação no osso esponjoso são bastante elevados tendo todos os modelos apresentando um risco de falência por fadiga, devido a sobrecarga localizada, sendo o risco mais elevado associado à atividade de agachamento. O efeito stress shielding foi observado com diferentes graus, em todos os modelos na zona central do implante. O cimento ósseo apresentou várias zonas com tensões de von Mises superiores à tensão limite de fadiga para os casos da atividade de subir escadas e agachamento. Os novos modelos de implante patelo femoral propostos apresentam comportamentos comparáveis aos observados nos implantes comerciais, no entanto uma das novas propostas de implante sugere um melhor compromisso de entre todos os implantes analisados.
The knee joint is one of the most important articulations of the human body, allowing simultaneous mobility and stability. Some pathologies such as patellofemoral syndrome can lead to patellofemoral arthroplasty. The longevity of arthroplasty is compromised by various effects, being the most frequent the effect of stress shielding, responsible for the located bone reabsorption, the effect of fatigue by overcharge associated to the generation of microfissures and the collapse of the supporting bone, and the osteolysis provoked by the fracture and release of microparticle of bone cement. The biomechanical parameters associated with these effects were studied in three commercialized implants; Journey PFJ (Smith & Nephew Inc.), Vanguard PFR (Biomet Inc.) and Zimmer PFJ (Zimmer Inc). Additionally there were also proposed six new models of implants in order to try to improve their performance, being this the main goal of this work. To analyze the biomechanical parameters (bone strain and bone cement stress) there were used the finite element models developed from CT medical images of a healthy patient. Three different loading conditions for three distinct physiological activities were simulated: gait cycle, climb stairs and deep squat. These analyzes were performed to represent two distinct clinical situations, a representative of the short term, were the bone cement was considered rigidly connected to the bone and another representative of the long term, were the bone cement was found only in frictional contact with the bone, in other words, a state of detachment of this interface. After comparative analysis of the different models implanted with the intact models, it was found that in the edge regions of the commercialized implants the levels of deformation in the cancellous bone are quite high with all models presenting a risk of fatigue failure due to localized overload, and the higher risk is associated with the squatting. The stress shielding effect was observed with varying degrees, in all models in the central area of the implant. The bone cement showed several areas with von Mises stresses above the fatigue limit stress for cases climbing stairs and squatting. The new models of patellofemoral implant proposed exhibit behaviors similar to those seen in commercial implants, however one of the new proposed implants suggests a best compromise amongst all implants analyzed.
Pedro, Vanessa Monteiro. "Atividade eletromiografica do musculo vasto medial obliquo em exercicios isometricos e isotonicos das articulações do quadril e do joelho." [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288247.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: A proposta deste trabalho foi analisar eletromiograficamente a participação do músculo vasto medial obliquo em exercícios, comumente recomendados na fisioterapia, principalmente em pacientes com alterações na articulação fêmoro-patelar isométricos de contração máxima de extensão da articulação do joelho na posição sentado, variando o ângulo de flexão em 15 e 50 graus e a posição da articulação do quadril em neutra e em adução de 15 graus; isotônico livre e isométrico de contração máxima de adução da articulação do quadril, com a articulação do joelho em extensão total, nas posições sentado e decúbito lateral; subir e descer um degrau. Foram estudados 15 voluntários adultos normais, utilizando um eletromiógrafo de 8 canais e mini eletrodos de superfície tipo BECKMAN. O método estatístico empregado foi a análise de variância (ANOVA) e o teste de Tukey. Os resultados evidenciaram que a atividade eletromiográfica do músculo vasto medial obliquo nos exercícios de contração máxima da articulação do joelho flexionada a 15 graus não diferenciou significativamente do mesmo exercício realizado com a articulação do joelho a 50 graus, assim como no realizado a 15 graus de flexão da articulação do joelho, com a articulação do quadril aduzida a 15 graus. Em relação aos exercícios de adução, a atividade eletromiográfica do músculo vasto medial oblíquo foi significativamente maior nos dois exercícios isométricos de contração máxima quando comparada à do isotônico livre em decúbito lateral. Por outro lado, a diferença na atividade eletromiográfica do músculo vasto medial oblíquo, entre os dois exercícios isométricos de contração máxima, não foi significativa. Os dados desta pesquisa mostraram ainda, que a atividade eletromiográfica do músculo vasto medial oblíquo nos exercícios de subir um degrau foi significativamente maior do que nos de descer um degrau. Estes resultados sugerem que nos traumas e doenças da articulação do joelho, principalmente na fase inicial do tratamento das alterações da articulação fêmoro-patelar, os exercícios de extensão da articulação do joelho para recuperar a função do músculo vasto Imedial obliquo, poderiam ser realizados isometricamente no ângulo de 15 graus de flexão, uma vez que neste ângulo, o referido músculo teria uma participação mais efetiva. Os achados permitem sugerir ainda, que nos estágios preliminares do tratamento conservador das alterações da articulação fêmoro-patelar, os exercícios de adução da articulação do quadril com a articulação do joelho em extensão poderiam ser executados isométrica ou isotonicamente nas posições sentado ou decúbito lateral, dependendo das condições biológicas de cada paciente. Além disso, os dados mostraram que os exercícios de subir e descer um degrau, normalmente recomendados na fase final do tratamento, poderiam recuperar a função do músculo vasto medial obliquo, especialmente o de subir um degrau cujo trabalho é concêntrico
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyse electromyographicaly the activity of the vastus medialis oblique during exercises which are usually advice in physical therapy, mainly to those with patellofemoral dysfunction. Using an 8 channels Nicolet electromyograph and Beckman surface mini electrodes, the electrical activity was recorded during exercises as follows: maximal isometric contraction of the joint extension at sitting position at 15° and 50° at fIexion, with hip joint position at neutral and 15° of adduction; free isotonic and maximal isometric contraction of hip adduction with knee extension at sitting and decubitus lateralis positions; step on and step down exercises. Fifteen volunteers without prior knee pathology were employed at this study. The data were statistically calculated employing analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test. The results showed that there was no significant difference among exercises carried out with maximal isometric contractions of the knee joint extension at 15° or 50°, as well at 15° of knee fIexion followed by 15° of the hip adduction joint. Concerning the adduction exercises the electromyographic activity of the vastus medialis oblique muscle, was significant higher in both exercises of maximal contraction when compared with free isotonic at decubitus lateralis. On the other hand, there was no significant difference of the electromyographic activity of the vastus medialis oblique muscle between the two exercises of maximal isometric contractions. It was observed a more significant difference of electromyographic activity of the vastus medialis obliquos muscle in the exercise of step in the step down. The results suggest that in the knee trauma and knee pathology, mainly at prior stages of patellofemoral joint dysfunction, the exercise of knee joint extension can be performed, in order to recover the total function of the vastus medialis obliquos muscle, isometricaly with the knee joint inflected at 15° once at this angle, this muscle would have a major participation. The 148usually advised at the final stage of the treatment, would recover the vastus medialis oblique muscle function, specially in step on, where the work is concentric results observed, allows to suggest that at prior stages of treatment of patellofemoral dysfunction, the exercise of knee joint could be performed isometric or isotonicaly, at sitting and decubitus lateralis position, depending on the biological conditions of each patient. Besides, the data show that exercises of step on and step down, usually advised at the final stage of the treatment, would recover the vastus medialis oblique muscle function, specially in step on, where the work is concentric
Doutorado
Doutor em Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental
Reiff, Rodrigo Bezerra de Menezes. "Reparo de defeito osteocondral no joelho de coelhos utilizando centrifugado de medula óssea autóloga." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-27092010-155257/.
Full textThe articular cartilage, due to its avascular nature, presents a limited regeneration capacity. A therapeutical approach to the treatment of cartilage defects consists of the utilization of cells or tissues applied to the lesion site. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of applying autologous bone marrow centrifuged in osteochondral lesions in the knees of rabbits, compared to a control group of osteochondral lesions without any filling, analyzing the behavior of these groups in terms of time. Twelve adult albino male New Zealand rabbits were used being submitted to an osteochondral lesion of 4 mm in diameter and 3 mm deep in both knees, at the femoral trochlea area. On the right knees, which comprised the Study Group, the osteochondral defect was filled by a clot of mesenchymal cells, obtained by centrifugation of an aspirate from bone marrow and sealed with fibrin glue. On the left knees, which comprised the Control Group, the osteochondral defect did not get any filling. The animals were divided into 3 groups of 4 rabbits, and studied after eight, 16 and 24 weeks. The results were described based on a histological grading scale which took into account the cell morphology, the subchondral bone reconstruction, the matrix staining, the filling of the defect, the surface regularity and the bonding of the edges. The statistical analysis was made by the t-student Test for paired data in the comparison between the Study Group and the Control Group. For the comparisons made by the time factor, it was used the ANOVA Test one way. With 5% level of confidence, the hypothesis of equality between the Study and Control Groups was rejected. It was observed a decreasing distance between scores of the Study and Control Groups as time increased, as well as an increasing tendency of the scale value for the Control Group. It was concluded that the application of autologous bone marrow centrifuged in osteochondral defects in the knees of rabbits showed better result in histological evaluation, in comparison to the Control Group. By analyzing the evolution of the groups through time, there was an approach of their histological scores, especially by the increase observed in the Control Group
Silva, Ronald Bispo Barreto da. "Estudo experimental em coelhos do efeito do ácido hialurônico na apoptose pós-traumática de condrócitos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-21062012-160928/.
Full textThe aim of this study was to assess whether intra-articular injection of high doses of hyaluronic acid immediately after trauma, can reduce apoptosis of chondrocytes. We have developed an experimental study with forty knees of adult rabbits. Animals were anesthetized and each one had had three knee injuries with a block of 1kg, released through a cylinder, 1 meter tall. After the bruises, 2ml of hyaluronic acid were injected in one knee and 2ml saline in the other. Doses were repeated each 3 or 4 days during 30 days. Rabbits were kept in the same environment under controlled temperature, daily activities and meals. Thirty days later, animals have been sacrificed. The cartilage of the medial femoral condyle and trochlea of each knee was retrieved with a scalpel by artrothomy. Specimens were prepared for optical microscopy and TUNEL staining. No information about the experiment was given to individuals who were involved in the preparation and analysis of the slides. Statistical analysis was performed by Students t test for paired data when comparing a group of hyaluronic acid (HA) and control group. We have analyzed a total of 36 knees and have obtained a significant reduction (p <0.001) in apoptosis rate of 68.01% (+ 19.73) for the control group 53.52% (+ 18.09) in the HA group. We conclude that the intraarticular injection of high doses of hyaluronic acid starting immediately after trauma, reduces impact-induced chondrocytes apoptosis rates in rabbits
Helito, Camilo Partezani. "O ligamento anterolateral do joelho: estudo anatômico, histológico e por ressonância magnética." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-05102017-110451/.
Full textThe anterior cruciate ligament is the most injured ligament of the knee. Despite an improvement in reconstruction techniques, there is still a percentage of patients with poor functional outcome after its reconstruction. Possibly, the cause of this rotational instability would be the structures located in the anterolateral portion of the knee, not addressed in the isolated intra-articular reconstructions. One of such structures would be the anterolateral ligament, a structure studied in detail in recent years, with controversies regarding its anatomical, histological and magnetic resonance imaging parameters. In this study, dissections of 112 cadavers were performed to evaluate anatomical and histological parameters of anterolateral ligament, and 13 of them underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination prior to dissection. The anterolateral ligament study by magnetic resonance imaging was also performed in 42 patients. As a result, the anterolateral ligament was found with constancy in the anterolateral region of the knee, with origin near the lateral epicondyle, antero-distal path towards the tibia and insertion in the periphery of the lateral meniscus and in the anterolateral region of the proximal tibia, between Gerdy\'s tubercle and the fibular head. Its histological analysis showed the presence of dense and well-organized connective tissue, similar to a ligamentous tissue. The magnetic resonance imaging evaluation showed origin, insertion and path parameters similar to the anatomical dissections, although it is not possible to fully visualize this structure in all the magnetic resonance imaging exams. There was a correlation between the measurements found in magnetic resonance imaging scans and dissections, except in relation to the anterolateral ligament thickness
Mizerkowski, Mariana Damian. "Avaliação comparativa do joelho de nadadores assintomáticos e indivíduos controle através da ressonância magnética." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4674.
Full textPURPOSE: To compare, using MRI, the knees of asymptomatic adolescent swimmers to the knees of adolescents who do not practice any impact sports regularly. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 27 asymptomatic male volunteers (54 knees), aged 14 and 15 years, were divided into 2 groups: 13 elite swimmers and 14 control adolescents. Sagittal T1-weighted and proton density images, as well as axial, coronal and sagittal STIR images, were obtained using a 0. 35T open-field MRI unit. The exams were evaluated by 2 experienced radiologists, blinded to the study groups. The Fisher exact test was used for statistical analyses, and the level of significance was set at p < 0. 05. This study was approved by the Ethics in Research Committee of the institution where it was conducted. RESULTS: At least one abnormality was detected in 18 knees (69. 2%) in the group of swimmers, but in only 9 knees (32. 1%) in the control group (p<0. 013). The most common finding was edema of infrapatellar fat pad, seen in 53. 8% of the swimmers, but in only 25% of the control group (p<0,05), followed by bone marrow edema (26. 9%), edema of prefemoral fat pad (19%) and joint effusion (15. 3%).CONCLUSION: Significantly more abnormalities detected by MRI were found in the knees of asymptomatic adolescent elite swimmers than in the control group.
OBJETIVO: Comparar, através da ressonância magnética, o joelho de adolescentes assintomáticos que praticam natação com o joelho de adolescentes assintomáticos que não praticam esportes de impacto.MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal controlado comparando o joelho de 27 voluntários assintomáticos do sexo masculino (54 joelhos), com idade entre 14 e 15 anos, divididos em dois grupos: 13 nadadores de elite e 14 adolescentes no grupo controle. Imagens de ressonância magnética ponderadas nas seqüências T1 e densidade de prótons no plano sagital, imagens ponderadas em STIR nos planos axial, coronal e sagital foram obtidas em magneto aberto de 0,35T. Os exames foram avaliados por dois radiologistas experientes, cegados para os grupos do estudo. O teste exato de Fisher foi utilizado para a análise estatística e o nível de significância estabelecido em p < 0. 05. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da instituição onde foi realizado. RESULTADOS: Ao menos uma anormalidade foi detectada em 18 joelhos (69,2%) no grupo de nadadores e apenas em nove joelhos do grupo controle (32. 1%) (p<0,013). A alteração mais comum foi o edema da gordura infrapatelar, encontrado em 53,8% dos nadadores e somente em 25% dos joelhos do grupo controle (p<0,05). A segunda alteração mais encontrada foi o edema ósseo (26,9%), depois edema da gordura pré-femoral (19%) e líquido articular (15,3%).CONCLUSÃO: Mais anormalidades foram encontradas nas imagens de ressonância magnética do joelho de nadadores assintomáticos que no joelho dos indivíduos do grupo controle.
Martins, Glaucus Cajaty. "Análise histopatológica do ligamento cruzado posterior na osteoartrite primária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-23092015-145148/.
Full textOBJECTIVE: Evaluate the histologic degeneration pattern of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in osteoarthrosis patients submitted to total knee replacement with a cruciate substituting prosthesis. The histologic degeneration was classified in mild, moderate and severe. The histologic pattern was related to clinical, per-operatory (presence or absence of anterior cruciate ligament) and radiographic parameters with the aim to settle if these parameters would be reliable to predict the PCL degeneration grade. METHODS: 89 PCLs from 85 patients, 16 men, 69 women, mean age 69, 79 years old. PCL was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and trichromium of Gomori. The PCL histologic degeneration was graded from normal-minimum to severe. The histologic PCL degeneration pattern was related to age, radiographic arthrosis classification (Ahlbäck - grades I to V), knee radiographic axis (varus, neutral, valgus) and to the ACL status (presence or absence).The histologic findings of hipercellularity, chronic lymphocit infiltration, neoangiogenesis, cysts, collagen degeneration (deg), fibrinoid deg, mucoid deg., cartilaginous, deg., fat deg. and condrocyte clones were related to the grade of PCL degeneration and to ACL status. RESULTS: There was no correlation of histologic degeneration to sex or age (above or below 70 years), arthrosis radiographic classification (Ahlbäck) and presence or absence of ACL. The histological findings of fibrinoid degeneration, vascular proliferation and cysts were statistically related to severe histologic LCP degeneration. CONCLUSION: The parameters studied were not capable of predicting the grade of LCP degeneration. The histological findings of fibrinoid degeneration, vascular proliferation and cysts were characteristic of severe PCL histologic degeneration
Mendoza, Gabriel Errol Mendizabal. "Avaliação experimental em coelhos do posicionamento do enxerto autólogo osteocondral em diferentes profundidades." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-29112017-095459/.
Full textThe treatment of symptomatic chondral lesions aims to restore function similar to that observed before the lesion. Autologous osteochondral transplantation is a surgical procedure that consists of filling a full-thickness articular cartilage defect with normal cartilage. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the histological consequences of the positional incompatibilities of cylindrical osteochondral grafts placed either flush with the articular surface or protruding/recessed. Two experimental groups of 10 rabbits each were randomly established regarding the positioning of the osteochondral autograft: in 1 knee, the graft was implanted either protruding or recessed with respect to the articular surface, and the graft was implanted at the level of the articular surface in the other graft. The protruding graft was placed 2 mm above the level of the articular cartilage, and the recessed graft was placed 1 mm below the level of the articular cartilage. After euthanasia, the articular cartilage was macroscopically evaluated according to the scale published by Goebel et al. and histologically evaluated by haematoxylin-eosin and safranin-O staining according to the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) II classification. The evaluated parameters did not significantly differ between the protruding and recessed groups, whereas flush positioning resulted in better scores according to the Goebel et al. scale and the ICRS II classification. Recessed and protruding positioning relative to the articular surface did not produce different results
Mizerkowski, Mariana Damian. "Avalia??o comparativa do joelho de nadadores assintom?ticos e indiv?duos controle atrav?s da resson?ncia magn?tica." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1355.
Full textOBJETIVO: Comparar, atrav?s da resson?ncia magn?tica, o joelho de adolescentes assintom?ticos que praticam nata??o com o joelho de adolescentes assintom?ticos que n?o praticam esportes de impacto. M?TODOS: Estudo transversal controlado comparando o joelho de 27 volunt?rios assintom?ticos do sexo masculino (54 joelhos), com idade entre 14 e 15 anos, divididos em dois grupos: 13 nadadores de elite e 14 adolescentes no grupo controle. Imagens de resson?ncia magn?tica ponderadas nas seq??ncias T1 e densidade de pr?tons no plano sagital, imagens ponderadas em STIR nos planos axial, coronal e sagital foram obtidas em magneto aberto de 0,35T. Os exames foram avaliados por dois radiologistas experientes, cegados para os grupos do estudo. O teste exato de Fisher foi utilizado para a an?lise estat?stica e o n?vel de signific?ncia estabelecido em p < 0.05. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit? de ?tica da institui??o onde foi realizado. RESULTADOS: Ao menos uma anormalidade foi detectada em 18 joelhos (69,2%) no grupo de nadadores e apenas em nove joelhos do grupo controle (32.1%) (p<0,013). A altera??o mais comum foi o edema da gordura infrapatelar, encontrado em 53,8% dos nadadores e somente em 25% dos joelhos do grupo controle (p<0,05). A segunda altera??o mais encontrada foi o edema ?sseo (26,9%), depois edema da gordura pr?-femoral (19%) e l?quido articular (15,3%). CONCLUS?O: Mais anormalidades foram encontradas nas imagens de resson?ncia magn?tica do joelho de nadadores assintom?ticos que no joelho dos indiv?duos do grupo controle.
Melo, Flávio Daniel de Carvalho e. "Efeito imediato da terapia de Bowen no tónus e flexibilidade do músculo superficial." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16344.
Full textEnquadramento: Terapia de Bowen é uma técnica não invasiva que usa movimentos em série efetuados com os dedos e polegares de modo suave sobre músculos, tendões, ligamentos, articulações, nervos e fáscia para promover o alívio de queixas de origem músculo-esquelética e neurológica.. Embora não exista muita literatura publicada sobre a Terapia de Bowen, existem estudos que demonstraram o efeito da técnica sobre a flexibilidade dos membros inferiores, a melhoria da funcionalidade do membro superior em quadros clínicos de ombro congelado, na melhoria da funcionalidade em indivíduos com diagnóstico de acidente vascular cerebral e no alívio da dor após uma artroplastia total do joelho. Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito imediato da Terapia de Bowen no tónus, elasticidade e rigidez do músculo Eretor da Espinha e Bicípite Femoral. Avaliar o efeito imediato da Terapia de Bowen na flexibilidade dos Isquiotibiais. Métodos: Foi efetuado um estudo experimental com desenho cruzado, onde todos os elementos pertenceram de modo aleatório ao grupo de controlo e grupo experimental. Vinte e dois voluntários, saudáveis foram submetidos a uma intervenção placebo e a Terapia de Bowen com um intervalo de oito dias. Foram recolhidos dados sociodemográficos e antropométricos e foi realizado imediatamente antes e depois das intervenções a medição da flexibilidade dos Isquiotibiais, através do teste “Sentar e Alcançar”, e do tónus muscular dos músculos Eretor da Espinha e Bicípite Femoral (bilateral) através do MyotonPRO. Resultados: Não foram detetadas alterações significativas do tónus muscular com a aplicação da Terapia de Bowen, mas verificou-se uma melhoria significativa da flexibilidade, em comparação com o grupo controlo (p <0,001), com uma evolução da mediana de 34 para 42 cm. Conclusão: Uma só sessão de Terapia de Bowen aumentou a flexibilidade em indivíduos saudáveis no imediato, no entanto, esse aumento da flexibilidade não parece dever-se a alterações do tónus muscular do músculo Eretor da Espinha e dos Isquiotibiais.
Background: Bowen Therapy is a noninvasive technique that uses a series of gentle hand movements over muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, nerves and fascia to promote relief from musculoskeletal and related neurological complaints. Although little research-based effectiveness data are available, there are studies showing the effect of the technique on improving flexibility, functionality in frozen shoulders, neuromuscular function in people with chronic stroke and pain reduction. Aim: To investigate de immediate effect of Bowen Therapy on tone, elasticity and stiffness of the Erector Muscles of the Spine and the Biceps Femoris, and to investigate the immediate effect of Bowen Therapy on Hamstring flexibility Methods: An experimental study with crossover design in which all elements belonged randomly to control and experimental groups, was carried out with the collaboration of two schools of health. Twenty-one subjects, healthy underwent placebo intervention and Bowen therapy at an interval of eight days. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected and was performed immediately before and after interventions measuring Hamstring flexibility, through the "Sit and Reach" test and the muscle tone of the Erector Muscles of the Spine and Biceps Femoris (bilaterally) through MyotonPRO a instrument to measure muscle tone, elasticity and muscle stiffness noninvasively certified by the European Community since 2005. Results: We did not obtain significant changes in muscle tone with the application of Bowen Therapy, but we obtained a significant improvement in flexibility compared with the control group, with an evolution of the median from 34 to 42 cm and a value of p <0.001. Conclusion: A single session of Bowen Therapy increases flexibility in healthy individuals immediately, however this increased flexibility is not due to changes in muscle tone of the Erector of Spine and Hamstrings.
Hinckel, Betina Bremer. "Estudo anatômico, radiográfico e biomecânico dos estabilizadores mediais da patela: ligamento patelofemoral medial, ligamento patelotibial medial e ligamento patelomeniscal medial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-05102016-132557/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The medial ligaments responsible for maintaining the stability of the patellofemoral (PF) joint are the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), the medial patellotibial ligament (MPTL) and the medial patellomeniscal ligament (MPML). There are several studies on the anatomical, imaging, and biomechanical characteristics of the MPFL, and clinical outcome of its injury and reconstruction; however, little is known about the MPTL and MPML. METHODS: The MPFL, MPTL and MPML were dissected in 9 knees. All ligaments underwent histological evaluation by hematoxylin eosin stain after the biomechanical test. The length and width and the insertions relationship with anatomical references (medial epicondyle of the femur, adductor tubercle of the femur, joint line, patellar tendon and medial meniscus) were measured. Steel balls were introduced at the insertions and radiographs in anteroposterior (AP) and profile (P) views were performed. The distance between the insertions to baselines were measured (in the tibia, the plateau line, the medial plateau border and the medial border of the medial tibial spine; and in the patella the posterior cortical line and the proximal and distal patellar borders). The tensile tests of the ligaments were performed on a mechanical testing machine KRATOS. RESULTS: All materials showed dense connective tissue characteristic of ligaments. With the anatomical study we found that the MPFL was in layer 2, it has length of 60.6 mm and width of 15,3 mm in the femur and 20,7 mm in the patella. Inserting between the adductor tubercle and the medial epicondyle on the femur and in the inferior pole of the patella. The MPTL was found in layer 2, its length was 36.4 mm and width of 7.1 mm. Its tibial insertion was found 13.7 mm distal to the joint line and 11.6 mm medial to the patellar tendon at an angle of 18,5o with it. On the patella it was 3.6 mm proximal to its distal border. The MPML was in layer 3 and its length was 33.7 mm and width of 8.3 mm. The meniscal insertion was in the anterior horn, 26.6 mm medial to the patellar tendon and a 42,8o angle with it. In regards to the radiographic parameters the tibial insertion of LPTM was 9.4 mm, in the AP, and 13.5 mm, in the P, distal to the joint line. The medial lateral position was at 30% from medial to lateral on the tibial plateau and on the medial edge of the medial spine. The patellar insertion was 4.8 mm proximal to the distal border of the patella. In the biomechanical analysis we verified that the MPTL was more rigid then the MPFL (average of 17.0 N / mm versus 8.0 N / mm, respectively) and showed less deformation in the maximum tensile strength (8,6 mm versus 19,3 mm). CONCLUSION: The ligaments were identified in all knees. The anatomical and radiographic insertion parameters were well
Almeida, Joana Maria Tavares. "Avaliação de doentes submetidos a cirurgia iterativa do ligamento cruzado anterior." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/81988.
Full textIntrodução: Uma das complicações após a reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) é a rotura da plastia, sendo a causa mais comum o erro técnico do cirurgião. O presente trabalho estudou retrospetivamente os doentes que foram sujeitos a cirurgia iterativa e determinou se existiram fatores preditivos de risco acrescentado relativamente à plastia de revisão.Métodos: Foi utilizada uma coorte de doentes, todos operados pelo mesmo cirurgião, onde se identificaram os casos que foram submetidos a cirurgia iterativa. Numa segunda fase a coorte de doentes foi dividida em duas consoante tivesses existido ou não cirurgia iterativa. A avaliação foi feita de acordo com a base de dados clínicos do cirurgião. Procedeu-se à avaliação radiográfica de todos os doentes, determinando no pré-operatório o grau de artrose pela classificação de Ahlback, o eixo epifisário de Dejour e Levigne, a inclinação tibial,identificação da linha de Blumensaat, avaliação da sua morfologia e determinação da báscula epifisária femoral (BEF). No pós-operatório, determinou-se o posicionamento da plastia no fémur e na tíbia, de acordo com o método descrito por Dejour modificado por Fonseca, oângulo da plastia com a interlinha na radiografia de face e a convergência dos túneis.Resultados: Radiograficamente, o valor da BEF foi 36,14 ± 3,92º e o posicionamento femoral no perfil foi 18,13 ± 7,10%. De acordo com as zonas descritas por Fonseca, 95,24% dos doentes tinham o túnel femoral posicionado na ZF1 (16,78 ± 3,3%), enquanto quatro casos tinham o seu posicionamento na ZF2 (45,10 ± 9,31%), diferença que foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,0001). Os fatores que constituíram relevância estatisticamente significativa foram a BEF (32,82 ± 1,17° casos de cirurgia e 36,64 ± 3,94° casos sem cirurgia iterativa –p=0,002), o posicionamento da plastia no fémur (27,42 ± 15,24% casos de cirurgia e 16,74 ±3,28% casos sem cirurgia iterativa – p=0,03) e o posicionamento da plastia na tíbia – incidência de perfil (46,06 ± 4,92% casos de cirurgia e 44,00 ± 3,00% casos sem cirurgia iterativa – p=0,02).Discussão: Verificou-se que o posicionamento mais anterior da plastia femoral associado a valores inferiores da BEF revelou risco acrescido de cirurgia iterativa pela tensão acrescida exercida no enxerto pelo aumento do conflito com o teto da chanfradura o que consequentemente pode levar a instabilidade e rotura.Conclusão: Foi demonstrado que existe uma correlação inversa entre a BEF e o posicionamento da plastia femoral, através do teste de correlação de Pearson. Não se verificou correlação com o posicionamento tibial.
Introduction: One of the complications after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructionis tear of the plasty which is mostly caused by technical error. The present study studied retrospectively patients who underwent iterative surgery and determined if there was any predictive risk regarding plasty revision.Methods: A cohort of patients, whom were all operated by the same surgeon, was used to identify cases that underwent iterative surgery. In a second phase the cohort was divided in two whether there was iterative surgery or not. The evaluation was done in consensus with therecords existing in the clinical database. In preoperative time, according with the radiographs, was determined the degree of arthrosis by Ahlback classification, the Dejour and Levigne epiphyseal axis, the tibial inclination, the Blumensaat line, the evaluation of its morphology and determination of the femoral epiphysial scale. In the postoperative, the positioning of the plasty in the femur and the tibia was determined according to the method described by Dejour modified by Fonseca, the angle of the plasty with the articular interline and the tunnelconvergence.Results: Radiographically, the value of the femoral epiphyseal scale was 36.14 ± 3.92º and femoral positioning in profile was 18.13 ± 7.10%. According to the zones described byFonseca, 95.24% of the patients had the femoral tunnel positioned in ZF1 (16.78 ± 3.3%) while four cases had their position in ZF2 (45.10 ± 9.31%), difference that was statistically significant (p=0.0001). Statistically significant factors were femoral epiphysial scale (32.82 ±1.17° cases of surgery and 36.64 ± 3.94° cases without iterative surgery – p=0.002), position of the plasty in the femur (27.42 ± 15.24% cases of surgery and 16.74 ± 3.28% cases without iterative surgery – p=0.03) and positioning of the plasty in the tibia – profile incidence (46.06± 4.92% surgery cases and 44.00 ± 3.00% cases without iterative surgery – p=0.02).Discussion: It was verified that the anterior positioning of the femoral plasty combined with inferior values of the femoral epiphyseal scales revealed an increased risk of iterative surgery due to increased tension on the graft once it origins a bigger conflict between the bevelingceiling which may lead to instability and rupture.Conclusion: It was demonstrated that exists an inverse correlation between the femoral epiphysial scale and the positioning of the femoral plasty through the Pearson correlation test. Regarding tibial positioning no correlation was found.