Journal articles: 'John Ambulance'

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Byrne, Grant. "St John Ambulance First Aid." Nursing Standard 30, no. 5 (September 30, 2015): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.30.5.31.s34.

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Duffield, Christine, and Finlay MacNeil. "The role of the Advanced Casualty Management Team in St John Ambulance Australia (New SouthWales District)." Australian Health Review 23, no. 1 (2000): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah000090.

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St John Ambulance is a household name synonymous with the teaching and provision of firstaid. Recently the organisation has developed pre-hospital emergency care services through theintroduction of the St- John Ambulance Australia Advanced Casualty Management Team inNew South Wales. The Advanced Casualty Management Team represents a move away fromthe practice of first aid by lay personnel and is a natural extension of the traditional workand principles of St John Ambulance. This article provides an overview of the AdvancedCasualty Management Team and discusses its contribution to pre-hospital trauma caredelivery.

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Sullivan, P. "Evolution at the St. John Ambulance." Canadian Medical Association Journal 179, no. 10 (November 4, 2008): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.081650.

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Teh, V. "St John Ambulance 'saved' by court." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 10, no. 7 (May 6, 2015): 497–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpv074.

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McLaren, Shawn, Lynn Thomas, Aaron Harding, and Julian Price. "Case support for compression-only CPR: St. John Ambulance." International Journal of First Aid Education 4, no. 1 (August 23, 2021): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21038/ijfa.2021.0415.

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Liao, Y. W. B., M. Lee, B. Dicker, V. Todd, and A. J. Kerr. "A034 Pre-Hospital Diagnosis of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction by St John Ambulance: An ANZACS-QI and St John Ambulance Data Linkage Study." Heart, Lung and Circulation 29 (2020): S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2020.05.039.

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Pittman, Mark. "First aid manualSt John Ambulance, St Andrew’s Ambulance Association and the British Red CrossFirst aid manualDorlingKindersley £12.99288pp97814053353791405335378." Emergency Nurse 17, no. 3 (June 2, 2009): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/en.17.3.9.s11.

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Reichle, Colin W., and Michael Cearns. "Using distance training to deliver first aid training." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 6, no. 2_suppl (August 2000): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633001935617.

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The St John Ambulance organization in Alberta issues over 100,000 first aid certificates each year (an 80% market share). The success of the organization is attributed to a province-wide infrastructure of volunteer public first aid providers and over 2000 volunteer instructors in industry and other spheres. In 1998 St John Ambulance piloted the use of CD-ROMs for teaching, producing two courses. One was a first aid course and the other was a babysitter course. The experience of the pilot programmes will allow the digital material to be transferred to our Website. Once this is done people around the world will be able to receive the self-paced learning components. Hands-on evaluation of skills, however, is mandatory to certification. Mass training where certification is required therefore requires a mixture of distance learning and hands-on testing, reinforcing the need for trained evaluators to be available to the population.

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Walters, Geraldine, E. Glucksman, and T. R. Evans. "Training St John Ambulance volunteers to use an automated external defibrillator." Resuscitation 27, no. 1 (January 1994): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9572(94)90020-5.

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McGee, Paula, and Ann Marie Barnard. "Meeting the needs of homeless people: the St John Ambulance mobile service." Nursing Standard 13, no. 42 (July 7, 1999): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns1999.07.13.42.38.c2635.

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Pearn, John, and Murdoch Wales. "Dr John Thomson (1847–1909): Pioneer surgeon, military surgeon and a founder of St John Ambulance in Australia." Medical Journal of Australia 157, no. 11 (December 1992): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb141282.x.

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Marsden, Andrew K. "Emergency Medicine in the United Kingdom—How It Is Taught." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00043880.

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The staff of accident and emergency departments in the United Kingdom are realizing their increasing role in teaching the elements of emergency care. This paper highlights some recent developments which have influenced the way in which emergency medicine is taught.First Aid instruction aims to impart the universally agreed and accepted principles to a wide ranging audience. Traditionally these principles have been embodied in the combined manual of the St. John Ambulance Service, St.

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Dutch, Martin J., and Kristy B. Austin. "Hospital in the Field: Prehospital Management of GHB Intoxication by Medical Assistance Teams." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 27, no. 5 (July 19, 2012): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12000994.

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AbstractIntroductionRecreational use of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is increasingly common at mass-gathering dance events in Australia. Overdose often occurs in clusters, and places a significant burden on the surrounding health care infrastructure.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, required interventions and disposition of patrons with GHB intoxication at dance events, when managed by dedicated medical assistance teams.MethodsRetrospective analysis of all patrons attending St. John Ambulance medical assistance teams at dance events in the state of Victoria (Australia), from January 2010 through May 2011.Main outcome measuresClinical presentation, medical interventions and discharge destination.ResultsSixty-one patients with GHB intoxication attended medical teams during the study period. The median age was 22 years, and 64% were male. Altered conscious state was present in 89% of attendances, and a GCS <9 in 44%. Hypotension, bradycardia and hypothermia were commonly encountered. Endotracheal intubation was required in three percent of patrons. Median length of stay onsite was 90 minutes. Ambulance transport to hospital was avoided in 65% of presentations.ConclusionsThe deployment of medical teams at dance events and music festivals successfully managed the majority of GHB intoxications onsite and avoided acute care ambulance transfer and emergency department attendance.DutchMJ,AustinKB.Hospital in the field: prehospital management of GHB intoxication by medical assistance teams.Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(4):1-5.

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Woodall, John, Kerrianne Watt, Damien Walker, Vivienne Tippett, Emma Enraght-Moony, Chris Bertolo, Brett Mildwaters, and Glen Morrison. "Planning Volunteer Responses to Low-Volume Mass Gatherings: Do Event Characteristics Predict Patient Workload?" Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, no. 5 (October 2010): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00008542.

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AbstractIntroduction:Workforce planning for first aid and medical coverage of mass gatherings is hampered by limited research. In particular, the characteristics and likely presentation patterns of low-volume mass gatherings of between several hundred to several thousand people are poorly described in the existing literature.Objectives:This study was conducted to:1. Describe key patient and event characteristics of medical presentations at a series of mass gatherings, including events smaller than those previously described in the literature;2. Determine whether event type and event size affect the mean number of patients presenting for treatment per event, and specifically, whether the 1:2,000 deployment rule used by St John Ambulance Australia is appropriate; and3. Identify factors that are predictive of injury at mass gatherings.Methods:A retrospective, observational, case-series design was used to examine all cases treated by two Divisions of St John Ambulance (Queensland) in the greater metropolitan Brisbane region over a three-year period (01 January 2002–31 December 2004). Data were obtained from routinely collected patient treatment forms completed by St John officers at the time of treatment. Event-related data (e.g., weather, event size) were obtained from event forms designed for this study. Outcome measures include: total and average number of patient presentations for each event; event type; and event size category. Descriptive analyses were conducted using chi-square tests, and mean presentations per event and event type were investigated using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify variables independently associated with injury presentation (compared with non-injury presentations).Results:Over the three-year study period, St John Ambulance officers treated 705 patients over 156 separate events. The mean number of patients who presented with any medical condition at small events (≤2,000 attendees) did not differ significantly from that of large (>2,000 attendees) events (4.44 vs. 4.67, F = 0.72, df = 1, 154, p = 0.79). Logistic regression analyses indicated that presentation with an injury compared with non-injury was independently associated with male gender, winter season, and sporting events, even after adjusting for relevant variables.Conclusions:In this study of low-volume mass gatherings, a similar number of patients sought medical treatment at small (<2,000 patrons) and large (>2,000 patrons) events. This demonstrates that for low-volume mass gatherings, planning based solely on anticipated event size may be flawed, and could lead to inappropriate levels of first-aid coverage. This study also highlights the importance of considering other factors, such as event type and patient characteristics, when determining appropriate first-aid resourcing for low-volume events. Additionally, identification of factors predictive of injury presentations at mass gatherings has the potential to significantly enhance the ability of event coordinators to plan effective prevention strategies and response capability for these events.

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Rood, Sarah, and Katherine Sheedy. "Frank Fenner." Microbiology Australia 30, no. 3 (2009): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma09s41.

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Frank John Fenner was born in Ballarat in 1914 and moved to Adelaide as a young child. He completed his undergraduate studies in medicine (1938) at the University of Adelaide, before obtaining a Diploma of Tropical Medicine (University of Sydney, 1940) and later a Doctor of Medicine (University of Adelaide, 1942). During World War II, Fenner served in the Australian Army Medical Corps, as a field ambulance medical officer, pathologist and malariologist. For his work in combating malaria in Papua New Guinea, Fenner received the award Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1944.

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Gregor, Frances M. "Mapping the Demise of the St. John Ambulance Home Nursing Program in Nova Scotia: 1950–1975." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 21, no. 2 (October 2004): 351–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.21.2.351.

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Ranse, Jamie, Matt Cannon, Rebecca Roitman, and Julia Morphet. "Using Clinically Based Vignettes to Further Develop a Mass Gathering Triage Tool." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19004023.

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Introduction:This research builds on a previously developed triage: Mass Gathering Triage Scale (MaGaTT) by Cannon, et al (2017). This tool was targeted towards non-health care professional first responders within mass-gathering events (MGEs). However, this tool had not been evaluated.Aim:To further develop the previously designed MaGaTT using vignettes of clinical cases to: 1) determine variation in decision-making, and 2) inform further tool development prior to real-world testing.Methods:Volunteer members of St. John Ambulance Australia were surveyed using 18 vignettes of de-identified real patient record forms from MGEs covered by St. John Ambulance Australia (NSW) in 2013-2014. Participants were given the MaGaTT and written instructions on its use. Participants triaged 18 patients, recording their decisions on the online survey. Responses against the vignettes were analyzed using Fleiss Kappa [p-bar] measure. A score of 0.61 – 0.8 represented substantial agreement and a score of between 0.41 and 0.6 represented moderate agreement between participants.Results:There were 110 completed responses. The majority of participants were male (n =66, 60%), having completed a Bachelor’s Degree (n =38, 34.5%), and holding the clinical skill level of “first responder” (n=42, 38.2%). The overall agreement [p-bar] for the 18 items was moderate at 0.55. When examined by triage category, the “Resuscitation” category had substantial agreement (0.69), when compared with moderate agreement for “Urgent” (0.52) and “Minor” (0.52) categories.Discussion:This research demonstrates that the MaGaTT can be used with moderate agreement, and substantial agreement within the resuscitation category. This is similar to triage tools internationally, where high levels of agreement relate to triage categories for patients requiring resuscitation when compared to patients requiring lower levels of clinical care. Slight changes have been made to the original MaGaTT as a result of this research.

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Kyed, Morten. "Ambulancearbejde, sikkerhed og maskuline rekonfigurationer: Etnografiske fortællinger om kulturelle praksisser under forandring." Dansk Sociologi 25, no. 3 (October 9, 2014): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v25i3.4876.

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Trods den vedvarende kønnede ulighed i forekomsten af arbejdsulykker og utallige studiers beskrivelser af sammenhæng mellem maskulinitet og risikoadfærd, har kun ganske få studier undersøgt sammenhængen mellem mænds køns- og sikkerhedspraksis på arbejde. Baseret på 575 timers etnografisk feltarbejde og 20 interviews med mandlige ambulancereddere belyser denne artikel nogle centrale sammenhænge mellem mandlige ambulanceredderes maskulinitets- og sikkerhedspraksis. Artiklen viser, hvordan mandlige ambulancereddere bl.a. praktiserer sikkerhed ved at positionere sig i opposition til en kollektiv fortælling om fortidens ”John Wayne- og Tarzan Syndrom”. Undertiden udtrykkes denne symbolske skillelinje mellem traditionel og moderne maskulinitetspraksis eksplicit, men oftest forekommer den implicit i de mandlige ambulanceredderes kulturelle praksis. Denne kulturelle sikkerheds/ maskulinitets-rekonfiguration indebærer bl.a., at de mandlige ambulancereddere eksplicit tager afstand fra den maskuline helterolle, som medierne tilskriver dem. En anden måde, opgøret med den tidligere maskulinitetspraksis træder frem i det empiriske materiale, er gennem reddernes udbredte fremhævelse af det, jeg kalder et ”forløsningsfællesskab” i forbindelse med kollegial bearbejdning af barske ambulanceopgaver. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Morten Kyed: Emergency Medical Ambulance Work, Safety and Masculine Reconfigurations: Ethnographic Tales about Cultural Practices Undergoing Change Despite the continuing gendered inequality in the incidence of work-related accidents, and countless descriptions of the relationship between masculinity and risk behavior, few studies have examined the relation between male gender and safety practices at work. Based on 575 hours of ethnographic fieldwork and 20 interviews with male EMTs, this article explores some key associations between masculinity and safety practices among male EMTs in Denmark. The article shows how male EMTs practice safety by positioning themselves in opposition to a collective narrative of the past: The ”John Wayne and Tarzan Syndrome”. Sometimes this is expressed explicitly in symbolic boundaries between traditional and modern masculinity practice, but mostly it is expressed implicitly in the male EMTs’ cultural practices. This cultural safety/masculinity reconfiguration involves, inter alia, that the male EMTs explicitly reject the masculine heroic role the media attribute to them. Another way of breaking with former masculinity practices that emerges in the empirical material is the widespread emphasis on what I call a ”community of relief” in the context of collegial processing of harsh ambulance experiences. Keywords: masculinity, safety, practice, ambulance work.

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Bridgewater, Franklin H. G., Kathryn Zeitz, Constance Katelaris, and John Field. "Latex Allergy in the Prehospital Setting." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 21, no. 5 (October 2006): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00003952.

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AbstractIntroduction:Latex allergy first was recognized early in the 20th Century, but was not a matter of concern until the last decade of that Century. The reported incidence of latex allergy in different occupations varies considerably. It has been documented in dental workers, operating theater staff, anesthetists, and laboratory technicians. However, little data specifically related to those involved in patient care in the emergency prehospital setting are available.Methods:A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of both volunteer and salaried first responders from St. John Ambulance Australia in South Australia and Western Australia, and the South Australian AmbulanceService. The first responders were surveyed to: (1) determine the incidence of latex allergy; (2) consider possible factors associated with its development; (3) compare characteristics of the surveyed groups; and (4) reinforce the development of an educational program.The study tool had predetermined statistical qualities. Data were collated and processed using standard statistical procedures. Surveys were collected anonymously.Results:Of the 2,716 forms distributed, 1,099 were returned, resulting in an overall response rate of 40.5%. Atopy was identified in 14.9% of participants, hand dermatitis in 9.4%, and latex allergy in 6.4%. In the group of full-time ambulance officers, there was a significantly higher incidence of hand dermatitis and latex allergy. There also was a significant relationship between latex allergies and both dermatitis and glove usage (as measured by frequency and duration).Conclusion:In a group of first responders assessed by an anonymous, voluntary questionnaire, the subset of full-time, salaried ambulance officers was identified as having a higher incidence of hand dermatitis and latex allergy than their volunteer co-workers. These results require further assessment to substantiate the frequency of latex allergy and determine the predisposing factors. All personnel must learn about hand care. Non-powdered, natural rubber latex gloves should be supported for general use in this setting.

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Gao, Crystal, Zheng Jie Lim, Brendan Freestone, Kristy Austin, and Rob McManus. "Use of a Novel Electronic Patient Care Record System at Mass Gathering Events by St. John Ambulance Victoria." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001845.

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Introduction:The growing number of mass gathering events (MGEs) in Victoria has seen an increase in demand for event health services and the need for real-time reporting of medical incidents at these events.Aim:Since 2016, St. John Ambulance Victoria has introduced an electronic patient care record (ePCR) system with the aim of improving patient care and satisfaction. It appears that this ePCR system is the first of its kind to be trialed at MGEs by a volunteer organization.Methods:A qualitative study was conducted to determine strengths and limitations of the ePCR system by compiling results of surveys and interviews and through anonymous feedback from volunteers and patrons (event organizers, patients). This study is ongoing.Results:It was found that the use of ePCR: 1.Allowed for collection of relevant data to assist in future planning of MGEs2.Aids the overall coordination of first aid delivery at MGEs -faster relaying of patient information to event commanders-reduction of paperwork-improved ability to locate first aid crews using GPS tracking3.Received positive feedback from first aiders, event organizers, and patrons4.Was deemed easy-to-use (4/5), acceptable (4.3/5), and helpful (4.1/5) by our membersDiscussion:These experiences demonstrate that ePCR is well-received, easy to use, and leads to improved patient satisfaction and treatment outcomes at MGEs. Furthermore, the ability to collect and analyze real-time data such as GPS location tracking, incidence heat maps, and patient demographics facilitate future event planning and resource allocation at MGEs. It is acknowledged that this study is preliminary, and the trialed use of an ePCR system has been limited to metropolitan areas and MGEs with <1 million patrons. The intent is to continue this study and explore the use of ePCRs at larger MGEs and events in rural or regional areas.

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Ramsden, Stefan, and Rosemary Cresswell. "First Aid and Voluntarism in England, 1945–85." Twentieth Century British History 30, no. 4 (February 3, 2019): 504–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/hwy043.

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Abstract First aid was the focus of growing voluntary activity in the post-war decades. Despite the advent of the National Health Service in 1948, increased numbers of people volunteered to learn, teach, and administer first aid as concern about health and safety infiltrated new activities and arenas. In this article we use the example of the Voluntary Aid Societies (VAS, focusing in particular on St John Ambulance) to highlight continuities and change in the relationship between state and voluntary sector in health and welfare provision during the four decades after 1945. Though the state assumed vastly expanded health and welfare responsibilities after the war, the continuing vitality of the VAS suggests cultural continuities that the post-war welfare state did not eradicate. The article therefore builds on the insights of historians who argue that volunteering remained a vital component of British society across the later twentieth century, and that the state and voluntary sector were not mutually exclusive.

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Gao, Crystal, Zheng Jie Lim, Sabrina Yeh, Scott Santinon, Scott De Haas, and Kristy Austin. "Assessing the Efficacy of a One-day Structured Induction Program in Orienting Clinical Staff to a Novel Prehospital Medical Deployment Model." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s102—s103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002127.

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Introduction:St. John Ambulance Victoria provides first aid and medical services at a variety of mass gathering events (MGEs) throughout Victoria. Volunteer healthcare professionals and students (termed “volunteers”) form Medical Assistance Teams (MAT) at these MGEs. MAT deployments manage a variety of patient presentations which include critically ill patients. This reduces high acuity patient transfers to the hospital and, where possible, avoid ambulance and hospital utilization.Aim:To determine the effectiveness of interdisciplinary prehospital simulation workshops in preparing volunteers for MAT deployment at MGEs.Methods:A one-day, simulation-based training session within the MAT environment was implemented to introduce volunteers to the management of various scenarios faced at MGEs. All volunteers were provided an orientation to the equipment and setting up MAT deployments at MGEs. Volunteers then participated in interdisciplinary group-based scenarios such as cardiac arrest management, drug intoxication, spinal injuries, agitated patients, and airway management. To determine the effectiveness of this training session, volunteers were invited to participate in a post-training survey, comprising of Likert scores and open-ended responses.Results:Seventeen volunteers attended the training session with 10 (58.8%) completing the post-training survey. Volunteers were satisfied with environment familiarization in the MAT (Average 4.47/5.00) and found the simulation-based training helpful (Average 3.67/4.00). The induction overall was well-received (4.60/5.00) with volunteers feeling more confident in being deployed at MGEs (4.20/5.00).Discussion:The results of the simulation-based training session were positive with volunteers receptive to the need for a training day prior to MAT deployment at MGEs. The simulation session enables volunteers to be comfortable with working in MAT and managing a diverse range of patients at MGEs. This session is likely to improve interdisciplinary communication and teamwork in the MAT. Future research is aimed at following these volunteers after several MAT deployments to improve the training session for future participants.

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Zeitz, Kathryn M., David P. A. Schneider, Dannielle Jarrett, and Christopher J. Zeitz. "Mass Gathering Events: Retrospective Analysis of Patient Presentations over Seven Years." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 17, no. 3 (September 2002): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00000376.

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AbstractIntroduction:St John Ambulance Operations Branch Volunteers have been providing first-aid services at the Royal Adelaide Show for 90 years. The project arose from a need to more accurately predict the workload for first-aid providers at mass gathering events. A formal analysis of workload patterns and the determinants of workload had not been performed.Hypothesis:Casualty presentation workload would be predicted by factors including day of the week, weather, and crowd size.Method:Collated and analyzed casualty reports over a seven-year period representing >7,000 patients who presented for first-aid assistance for that period (63 show days) were reviewed retrospectively.Results:Casualty presentations correlated significantly with crowd size, maximum daily temperature, humidity, and day of the week. Patient presentation rate had heterogeneous determinants. The most frequent presentation was minor medical problems with Wednesdays attracting higher casualty presentations and more major medical categories.Conclusion:Individual event analysis is a useful mechanism to assist in determining resource allocation at mass gathering events providing an evidence base upon which to make decisions about future needs. Subsequent analysis of other events will assist in supporting accurate predictor models.

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Broberg, L., J. Stempien, C. A. Dell, J. Smith, M. Steeves, and L. Jurke. "P021: A ‘Pawsitive’ addition to the ER patient experience: A pilot evaluation of the St. John Ambulance therapy dog program in a Canadian hospital." CJEM 19, S1 (May 2017): S84—S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2017.223.

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Introduction: Animal-assisted interventions (AAI) have been applied in numerous clinical settings to help reduce pain, stress, and anxiety. This qualitative study sets out to evaluate the St. John Ambulance Therapy Dog program in the emergency department of the Royal University Hospital. Methods: An observer identified patients interested in visiting with a Therapy Dog during their emergency department stay and obtained consent. Participants were asked to indicate on a pictographic scale their physical and mental states before and after the visit. The Therapy Dog team, consisting of a dog and handler, visited the patient for 5-10 minutes. During this time an observer took notes. Participants were asked at the conclusion of the visit to answer questions regarding their overall experience with the Therapy Dog team. Results: 117 patients participated in this study. Pre- and post AAI pictographic faces [c1] scale results showed an average improvement of 1.2. Before AAI, patients most commonly reported feeling pain, anxiety, tiredness, sadness, boredom, weakness, and a desire to go home. Immediately after the AAI, they most commonly reported feeling happiness, relaxation, better, calmness, and good. Observers noted positive participant and family changes during the AAI, including tone of voice, body language, facial expression (e.g., smiling), and openness. Patients often made efforts to make physical contact for the majority of the visit, often despite pain and immobility. There was also frequent sharing of stories about patients’ pets, which seemed to serve as a comfort within the emergency department environment. Conclusion: Animal-assisted interventions with a therapy dog team in an emergency department is a ‘pawsitive’ addition to the patient experience. An important next step is to measure whether the positive impact continued post visit.

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Ranse, Jamie, and Kathryn Zeitz. "Chain of Survival at Mass Gatherings: A Case Series of Resuscitation Events." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, no. 5 (October 2010): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00008566.

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AbstractBackground:At a large public event, or mass gathering, various factors influence patient presentations that brings challenges to patient care. The chain of survival has been investigated in the prehospital setting. However, this has not explicitly included the mass-gathering environment.Objective:This study sought to determine the facilitators and barriers to the chain of survival at mass gatherings.Methods:This case-series research was exploratory and descriptive, using the analysis of personal experiences of resuscitation. Participants were members of St John Ambulance Australia who had participated actively in a resuscitation event in 2007. Telephone interviews were used as a means of data collection. Participant narrative was recorded electronically, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically using a well established human science approach.Results:The thematic analysis revealed five main themes and a number of sub-themes. Four of the main themes were aligned easily with the four chain of survival links. The remaining main theme outlined a new link in the chain of survival of specific importance to mass gatherings, ‘early planning’. Additionally, a number of sub-themes were identified, which exemplified various facilitators and barriers to the chain of survival in this environment.Conclusions:This research highlights various barriers and facilitators to the chain of survival in the mass-gathering environment. Additionally, the unique “early planning” link in the chain of survival as described in this research highlights the importance of a preparatory phase for responders at mass gatherings.

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Liao, Y. W. B., M. Lee, B. Dicker, V. Todd, and A. J. Kerr. "A035 Linkage of New Zealand's National Health Records with the St John Ambulance Electronic Database: A Resource to Study Patients Presenting With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndromes." Heart, Lung and Circulation 29 (2020): S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2020.05.040.

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Pittman, Mark. "First aid manual – ninth edition St John Ambulance , St Andrew’sAmbulance First aid manual – ninth editionAssociation and the British Red Cross Dorling Kindersley288pp£12.99978 1 4053 3537 91405335378." Nursing Standard 23, no. 37 (May 20, 2009): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.23.37.30.s40.

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Dell, Colleen, Linzi Williamson, Holly McKenzie, Ben Carey, Maria Cruz, Maryellen Gibson, and Alexandria Pavelich. "A Commentary about Lessons Learned: Transitioning a Therapy Dog Program Online during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030914.

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In 2015, the University of Saskatchewan PAWS Your Stress Therapy Dog program partnered with St. John Ambulance for therapy dog teams to visit our campus and offer attendees love, comfort and support. We recognized at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic that students, staff and faculty may require mental health support, particularly with the challenges of isolation and loneliness. In response, our team transitioned from an in-person to a novel online format at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. We designed online content for participants to (1) connect with therapy dogs and experience feelings of love, comfort and support as occurred in in-person programming, and (2) learn about pandemic-specific, evidence-informed mental health knowledge. Our unique approach highlighted what dogs can teach humans about health through their own care and daily activities. From April to June 2020, we developed a website, created 28 Facebook livestreams and 60 pre-recorded videos which featured therapy dogs and handlers, and cross-promoted on various social media platforms. Over three months, first a combined process-outcome evaluation helped us determine whether our activities contributed to the program’s goals. A subsequent needs assessment allowed us to elicit participant preferences for the program moving forward. This commentary reflects on these findings and our teams’ collective experiences to share our key lessons learned related to program personnel needs, therapy dog handler training and support requirements, and online programming prerequisites. This combined understanding is informing our current activities with the virtual program and should be of interest to other therapy dog programs transitioning online.

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Rogerson, Marilyn. "First Aid Manual:97369St John Ambulance Compiled by, St Andrew’s Ambulance Association Compiled by, The British Red Cross Compiled by. First Aid Manual: Authorised Manual of the Voluntary Aid Societies (7th ed.). London: Dorling‐Kindersley 1997. 288 pp. + 32 pp, ISBN: 0 7513 0399 2 £9.99 pull‐out supplement." Reference Reviews 11, no. 6 (June 1997): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr.1997.11.6.28.369.

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Ranse, J., and S. Lenson. "(A111) Role, Resources, and Clinical and Educational Backgrounds of Nurses Who Participated in the Prehospital Response to the 2009 Bushfires in Victoria, Australia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001130.

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The bushfires of February 2009 in Victoria, Australia resulted in the deaths of 173 people and caused injuries to 414. Furthermore, > 2,030 houses and 3,500 structures were destroyed. The role and experience of nurses in this environment are not well understood, and little is known about the clinical and education background of nurses in this setting. This presentation will provide an overview of the bushfires and report on two research projects. The aims of these projects were to explore participant demographics and various aspects of nursing activities in the prehospital environment. These projects used volunteer nursing members of St John Ambulance Australia who responded to the Victorian fires. The first project used a retrospective, descriptive postal survey, and the second was descriptive and exploratory, using semi-structured interviews as a means of data collection. The survey highlighted that nurses had varying clinical and educational backgrounds. Males were overrepresented when compared to the national average of nurses. Most participants had taken disaster-related education, however, this varied in type and duration. Similarly, most had participated in training or mock disasters; however this usually was not related to bushfire emergencies. The qualitative findings identified two main themes having expansive roles and being prepared. These highlighted that nurses maintained a variety of roles, such as clinicians, emotional supporters, coordinators and problem solvers, and they were well prepared for these roles. This research provided insight into the characteristics and level of preparedness of nurses who responded to the 2009 Victorian bushfires in the prehospital environment. Additionally, it highlights the need for more structured education and training for nurse that is aligned with their role and deployment environment.

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Hutton, Alison, Lynette Cusack, Lana Zannettino, Sarah J. M. Shaefer, Naomi Verdonk, and Paul Arbon. "What are school leavers’ priorities for festival preparation?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 21, no. 2 (2015): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py13094.

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This paper reports on the findings from a qualitative research study that explored how young people prepared to minimise and/or avoid alcohol-related harm while attending a Schoolies Festival (SF). SFs are mass gatherings at which young people (schoolies) celebrate their graduation from high school. The attendance of schoolies, in various Australian communities, ranges between 10000 and 30000 individuals during the event. The literature suggests that schoolies are at higher than normal risk of harm at SF from misuse of alcohol, unsafe sex, aggressive behaviour, and other risk-taking factors. As a result of these concerns, SF organisers developed an infrastructure that treats alcohol-related harm, and provides on-site care (first aid stations) by St John Ambulance staff. This study used focus groups to identify strategies used by schoolies to avoid alcohol-related harm during SFs. Data revealed that schoolies did not actively seek health information before attending the event and did not display an interest in doing so. It is important to note that schoolies planned to use alcohol to celebrate and have a good time. Therefore a harm minimisation approach with a focus on providing the necessary infrastructure at SFs to minimise the dangers associated with excess alcohol use is important. Schoolies indicated that they had no desire for information about the hazards of alcohol ingestion. If any health messages were to be used by health authorities, it would be far more appropriate to promote the message of ‘take care of your mate’, to contribute to building a supportive environment at the event. This may be of more benefit to minimise harm at SFs than funding other health messages.

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Harrison, Mark. "John S. HallerJr, Farmcarts to Fords: a historx of the military ambulance, 1790–1925, Carbondale and Edwardsville, Southern Illinois University Press, 1992, pp. xiii, 269, illus., $32.50 (0-8093-817-2)." Medical History 38, no. 1 (January 1994): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300056271.

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Höglund, Erik, Agneta Schröder, Margareta Möller, Magnus Andersson-Hagiwara, and Emma Ohlsson-Nevo. "The ambulance nurse experiences of non-conveying patients." Journal of Clinical Nursing 28, no. 1-2 (August 13, 2018): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14626.

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Pakravan, Amir H., Richard J. West, and David W. Hodgkinson. "Suffolk Show 2011: Prehospital Medical Coverage in a Mass-gathering Event." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 28, no. 5 (August 28, 2013): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x13008819.

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AbstractIntroductionDespite their popularity and unique characteristics, county shows, also known as agricultural fairs, are amongst the least-studied mass-gathering events. Suffolk Show is one of the biggest such events in the UK, attracting tens of thousands of people annually over a 2-day period. In addition to trade stands and livestock displays, the 2011 show included top international show jumping and other sport activities.ProblemDue to the range of activities and large number of attendees of different ages and medical backgrounds, combined with a lack of objective data about medical contacts made during these events, medical officers and local emergency services find planning an appropriate level of medical coverage for county shows particularly challenging. This study involved analyzing the characteristics of medical contacts during a major county show and assessing the level of medical coverage provided.MethodsData collected from St John Ambulance (SJA) and British Red Cross standard medical records of all contacts on the show ground over the two days were analyzed in terms of demographics, presenting complaints, medical history, and discharge destination. The Event Safety Guide by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) was the agreed standard for the level of medical coverage.ResultsMore than 90,000 people visited the show, with a total of 180 medical contacts recorded. Patient presentation rate (per 1,000 attendees) was 2.0 and the transport to hospital rate (per 1,000 attendees) was 0.1.Of the 112 cases handled by SJA, 74 (66%) were women and 49 (44%) were 18-64 years of age. Wounds, lacerations and abrasions made up 26 (23.2%) of all presentations to SJA, followed by foot and lower limb blisters at 20 (17.8%). Hypertension was the most common medical history in presentations to SJA (11 cases, 10%), followed by asthma in 7 (6%).ConclusionThe majority of presentations were due to minor injuries or ailments. An understanding of the event characteristics, demographics, and nature of medical contacts will provide organizers, medical officers, and local emergency services with information about the level of coverage and resources required. This data can further help advance knowledge of mass-gathering medicine across the various types of events.PakravanAH, WestRJ, HodgkinsonDW. Suffolk Show 2011: prehospital medical coverage in a mass-gathering event. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(5):1-4.

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Arbon, Paul, Franklin H. G. Bridgewater, and Colleen Smith. "Mass Gathering Medicine: A Predictive Model for Patient Presentation and Transport Rates." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 16, no. 3 (September 2001): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00025905.

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AbstractIntroduction:This paper reports on research into the influence of environmental factors (including crowd size, temperature, humidity, and venue type) on the number of patients and the patient problems presenting to firstaid services at large, public events in Australia. Regression models were developed to predict rates of patient presentation and of transportation-to-a-hospital for future mass gatherings.Objective:To develop a data set and predictive model that can be applied across venues and types of mass gathering events that is not venue or event specific. Data collected will allow informed event planning for future mass gatherings for which health care services are required.Methods:Mass gatherings were defined as public events attended by in excess of 25,000 people. Over a period of 12 months, 201 mass gatherings attended by a combined audience in excess of 12 million people were surveyed through-out Australia. The survey was undertaken by St. John Ambulance Australia personnel. The researchers collected data on the incidence and type of patients presenting for treatment and on the environmental factors that may influence these presentations. A standard reporting format and definition of event geography was employed to overcome the event-specific nature of many previous surveys.Results:There are 11,956 patients in the sample. The patient presentation rate across all event types was 0.992/1,000 attendees, and the transportation-to-hospital rate was 0.027/1,000 persons in attendance. The rates of patient presentations declined slightly as crowd sizes increased. The weather (particularly the relative humidity) was related positively to an increase in the rates of presentations. Other factors that influenced the number and type of patients presenting were the mobility of the crowd, the availability of alcohol, the event being enclosed by a boundary, and the number of patient-care personnel on duty.Three regression models were developed to predict presentation rates at future events.Conclusions:Several features of the event environment influence patient presentation rates, and that the prediction of patient load at these events is complex and multifactorial. The use of regression modeling and close attention to existing historical data for an event can improve planning and the provision of health care services at mass gatherings.

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Jepsen, Klara, Kristina Rooth, and Veronica Lindström. "Parents’ experiences of the caring encounter in the ambulance service—A qualitative study." Journal of Clinical Nursing 28, no. 19-20 (June 28, 2019): 3660–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14964.

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Crabtree, Nathan, Shirley Mo, Leon Ong, Thuvarahan Jegathees, Daniel Wei, David Fahey, and Jia (Jenny) Liu. "Retrospective Analysis of Patient Presentations at the Sydney (Australia) Royal Easter Show from 2012 to 2014." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x16001540.

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AbstractIntroductionComprehensive studies on the relationship between patient demographics and subsequent treatment and disposition at a single mass-gathering event are lacking. The Sydney Royal Easter Show (SRES; Sydney Olympic Park, New South Wales, Australia) is an annual, 14-day, agricultural mass-gathering event occurring around the Easter weekend, attracting more than 800,000 patrons per year. In this study, patient records from the SRES were analyzed to examine relationships between weather, crowd size, day of week, and demographics on treatment and disposition. This information would help to predict factors affecting patient treatment and disposition to guide ongoing training of first responders and to evaluate the appropriateness of staffing skills mix at future events.HypothesisPatient demographics, environmental factors, and attendance would influence the nature and severity of presentations at the SRES, which would influence staffing requirements.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 4,141 patient record forms was performed for patients who presented to St John Ambulance (Australian Capital Territory, Australia) at the SRES between 2012 and 2014 inclusive. Presentation type was classified using a previously published minimum data set. Data on weather and crowd size were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) and the SRES, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v22 (IBM; Armonk, New York USA).ResultsBetween 2012 to 2014, over 2.5 million people attended the SRES with 4,141 patients treated onsite. As expected, the majority of presentations were injuries (49%) and illnesses (46%). Although patient demographics and presentation types did not change over time, the duration of treatment increased. A higher proportion of patients were discharged to hospital or home compared to the proportion of patients discharged back to the event. Patients from rural/regional locations (accounting for 15% of all patients) were more likely to require advanced treatment, health professional review, and were more likely to be discharged to hospital or home rather than discharged back to the event. Extremes of temperature were associated with a lower crowd size and higher patient presentation rate (PPR), but had no impact on transfer or referral rates to hospital.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that analyses of patient presentations at an agricultural show provide unique insights on weather, attendance, and demographic features that correlated with treatment and disposition. These data can help guide organizers with information on how to better staff and train health care providers at future mass-gathering events of this type.CrabtreeN,MoS,OngL,JegatheesT,WeiD,FaheyD,LiuJ.Retrospective analysis of patient presentations at the Sydney (Australia) Royal Easter Show from 2012 to 2014.Prehosp Disaster Med.2017;32(2)187–194.

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Aasa, Ulrika, Margareta Barnekow‐Bergkvist, Karl‐Axel Ängquist, and Christine Brulin. "Relationships between Work‐related Factors and Disorders in the Neck‐shoulder and Low‐back Region among Female and Male Ambulance Personnel." Journal of Occupational Health 47, no. 6 (November 2005): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/joh.47.481.

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Suzuki, Ayako, Koichi Yoshioka, Susumu Ito, and Yuko Naito. "Assessment of stress and autonomic nervous activity in Japanese female ambulance paramedics working 24‐hour shifts." Journal of Occupational Health 58, no. 1 (January 2016): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/joh.15-0095-oa.

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Jansen, Axel. "CULTURAL ELITE OR POLITICAL VANGUARD? AMERICAN VOLUNTEERS JOIN THE EUROPEAN WAR, 1914–1917." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 17, no. 4 (September 26, 2018): 636–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781418000282.

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This essay investigates the motives by American volunteers during the neutrality period between 1914 and 1917 who decided to go to the war zone in Europe. Thousands of American men and women supported the Allies as nurses, doctors, ambulance drivers, soldiers, or fighter pilots. Even though they had chosen to support one side in the war, however, even avid and well-connected supporters of the Allies rarely called for U.S. intervention. The absence of a political perspective was tied to peculiar personal motives. Calling for intervention in the war would have turned the fight into a national cause and public duty, reducing the value of a personal decision to go to war. When the United States entered the war in 1917, some volunteers joined the American war effort to support their flag, whereas others abandoned a war they no longer considered interesting. These responses were part of a significant shift in the role of American government.

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Zhuravleva, T. V., S. N. Enikolopov, N. V. Dvoryanchikov, and Y. A. Bubeev. "Adaptation of the research methods suicidal behavior on selection of persons with attempts of self-murder." Современная зарубежная психология 7, no. 3 (2018): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2018070309.

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The adaptation of the Russian-language variants of the «The Psychache Scale» R.R. Holden, K. Mehta et al. (2001), «Reasons for Living Inventory» M.M. Linehan, J.L. Goodstein et al. (1983) and «Reasons for Attempting Suicide Questionnaire» D. Johns, R.R. Holden (1997) on a sample of 290 people hospitalized in Moscow Ambulance Research Institute named after N.V. Sklifosovsky after incomplete attempts to commit suicide. Patients in the department of crisis conditions and psychosomatic disorders aged 16 to 44 participated in the questioning and testing. When assessing the psychometric properties of the techniques adapted on a sample of 290 suicides, satisfactory results were obtained for their reliability and construct validity. Using the method of the main components with rotation varimax, the correspondence of the factor structure of Russian versions to the structure of the original tests was confirmed. The Russian-language versions of the Psych Psychology Scale, Reasons for Living Inventory and Reasons for Attempting Suicide Questionnaire can be used to analyze the reasons for voluntary withdrawal and assess the extent of suicide risk in people of working age with auto aggressive behavior.

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Borrelli, Belinda, Romano Endrighi, Lisa M. Quintiliani, Rosemary B. Hughes, and Sherry Pagoto. "Facebook usage, participation patterns, and social support from Facebook activity among smokers with mobility impairments." Translational Behavioral Medicine 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 882–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibab005.

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Abstract People with mobility impairments (MIs; use assistive devices to ambulate) have twice the smoking prevalence versus the general population. A Facebook intervention could improve reach to smokers with MIs, but use and patterns of use are unknown. The study examined: (a) Facebook use and relationship with Facebook-based social support and (b) whether Facebook use differs by motivation to quit smoking. Participants (N = 510; 56.3% female, mean age = 42.4 years) were recruited via a recruitment company to complete a one-time online survey assessing motivation to quit within 30 days, Facebook use (Facebook Activities Scale), reasons for use (Facebook Motives Scale), attitudes (Facebook Intensity Scale), and social support (Facebook Measure of Social Support). The vast majority said that Facebook is part of their daily routine (92.9%), 83% checked Facebook >once a day, and 69% spent >30 min/day on Facebook. Facebook was used to connect with similar others (68.4%), participate in groups (72.9%), decrease loneliness (69.2%), and obtain health information (62.5%); 88% said that they would join a Facebook program to help them quit smoking. A greater number of Facebook friends (rs = .18–.22, p < .001) and greater Facebook use (rs = .20 to rs = .59; p < .001) were correlated with greater perceived social and emotional support. Those motivated to quit posted more frequently (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10, 2.22) and were more likely to indicate that they would join a Facebook group for smoking cessation (OR = 4.15, 95% CI = 2.05, 8.38) than those not motivated. Facebook could circumvent disability and environmental barriers to accessing cessation among this health disparity population.

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Kim, Jennifer E., John Pang, Joani M. Christensen, Devin Coon, Patricia L. Zadnik, Jean-Paul Wolinsky, Ziya L. Gokaslan, et al. "Soft-tissue reconstruction after total en bloc sacrectomy." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 22, no. 6 (June 2015): 571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.10.spine14114.

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OBJECT Total en bloc sacrectomy is a dramatic procedure that results in extensive sacral defects. The authors present a series of patients who underwent flap reconstruction after total sacrectomy, report clinical outcomes, and provide a treatment algorithm to guide surgical care of this unique patient population. METHODS After institutional review board approval, data were collected for all patients who underwent total sacrectomy between 2002 and 2012 at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Variables included demographic data, medical history, tumor characteristics, surgical details, postoperative complications, and clinical outcomes. All subtotal sacrectomies were excluded. RESULTS Between 2002 and 2012, 9 patients underwent total sacrectomy with flap reconstruction. Diagnoses included chordoma (n = 5), osteoblastoma (n = 1), sarcoma (n = 2), and metastatic colon cancer (n = 1). Six patients received gluteus maximus (GM) flaps with a prosthetic rectal sling following a single-stage, posterior sacrectomy. Four required additional paraspinous muscle (PSM) or pedicled latissimus dorsi (LD) fasciocutaneous flaps. Three patients underwent multistage sacrectomy with an anterior-posterior approach, 2 of whom received pedicled vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flaps, and 1 of whom received local GM, LD, and PSM flaps. Flap complications included dehiscence (n = 4) and infection (n = 1). During the 1st year of follow-up, 2 of 9 patients (22%) were able to ambulate with an assistive device by the 1st postoperative month, and 6 of 9 (67%) were ambulatory with a walker by the 3rd postoperative month. By postoperative Month 12, 5 of 9 patients (56%)—or 5 of 5 patients not lost to follow-up (100%)—were able to able to ambulate independently. CONCLUSIONS The authors' experience suggests that the GM and pedicled VRAM flaps are reliable options for softtissue reconstruction of total sacrectomy defects. For posterior-only operations, GM flaps with or without a prosthetic rectal sling are generally used. For multistage operations including a laparotomy, the authors consider the pedicled VRAM flap to be the gold standard for simultaneous reconstruction of the pelvic diaphragm and obliteration of dead space.

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Lund, Adam, and Sheila Turris. "The Event Chain of Survival in the Context of Music Festivals: A Framework for Improving Outcomes at Major Planned Events." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 4 (March 20, 2017): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1700022x.

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AbstractDespite the best efforts of event producers and on-site medical teams, there are sometimes serious illnesses, life-threatening injuries, and fatalities related to music festival attendance. Producers, clinicians, and researchers are actively seeking ways to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with these events. After analyzing the available literature on music festival health and safety, several major themes emerged. Principally, stakeholder groups planning in isolation from one another (ie, in silos) create fragmentation, gaps, and overlap in plans for major planned events (MPEs).The authors hypothesized that one approach to minimizing this fragmentation may be to create a framework to “connect the dots,” or join together the many silos of professionals responsible for safety, security, health, and emergency planning at MPEs. Adapted from the well-established literature regarding the management of cardiac arrests, both in and out of hospital, the “chain of survival” concept is applied to the disparate groups providing services that support event safety in the context of music festivals. The authors propose this framework for describing, understanding, coordinating and planning around the integration of safety, security, health, and emergency service for events. The adapted Event Chain of Survival contains six interdependent links, including: (1) event producers; (2) police and security; (3) festival health; (4) on-site medical services; (5) ambulance services; and (6) off-site medical services.The authors argue that adapting and applying this framework in the context of MPEs in general, and music festivals specifically, has the potential to break down the current disconnected approach to event safety, security, health, and emergency planning. It offers a means of shifting the focus from a purely reactive stance to a more proactive, collaborative, and integrated approach. Improving health outcomes for music festival attendees, reducing gaps in planning, promoting consistency, and improving efficiency by reducing duplication of services will ultimately require coordination and collaboration from the beginning of event production to post-event reporting.LundA, TurrisSA. The Event Chain of Survival in the context of music festivals: a framework for improving outcomes at major planned events. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(4):437–443.

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Macdonald, Rhona. "Kevin Broadbent - Volunteer Ambulance Officer of the Year 2004, St John Ambulance WA." Australasian Journal of Paramedicine 3, no. 4 (July 14, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.33151/ajp.3.4.338.

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Prosser, Alana, Jessica Prosser, and Denese Playford. "Rural Residents’ Perception about the Coverage, Cost and Access of Ambulance Services." Australasian Journal of Paramedicine 10, no. 4 (November 4, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.33151/ajp.10.4.53.

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Introduction While there are numerous studies investigating use and outcomes of the ambulance service, there are none looking at population attitudes and knowledge about the ambulance service. The aim of this study was to see if education is required for a sample population representative of rural Australia in regards to cost and coverage. Methods This study used a knowledge, attitude and practice survey voluntarily self-completed by a sample population recruited opportunistically from a number of health and public areas in the city of Geraldton, including the Emergency Department, a General Practise Clinic, a Physiotherapy Clinic and a Shopping Centre. Results 229 surveys were completed and showed that 30.1% of the sample population had no coverage in that they were not a pensioner, had no private health insurance and did not posses St John country cover. Aboriginal people were more likely than non-Aboriginal people to be without cover. Although 96% of people believed that everyone should be covered, 56% of participants did not know who administers rural ambulance coverage and 59% did not know the average call out fee for a life threatening call. The majority did not consider costs when using an ambulance. Conclusion The results demonstrated considerable lack of knowledge about ambulance cover and suggested that public education about ambulance services would be beneficial.

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"Breath of Life for infants with new St John Ambulance video." Paediatric Nursing 2, no. 4 (May 1990): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/paed.2.4.4.s6.

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Dobbs, Justine. "St John Ambulance (Australia) National Conference ‘The Next Step’, 22-26 June 2005, Melbourne, Australia." Australasian Journal of Paramedicine 3, no. 3 (July 14, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.33151/ajp.3.3.329.

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Rawson, E. "Transforming a global order in New Zealand to reduce health inequities in service provision." European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_5 (September 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1349.

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Abstract St John has been providing service in New Zealand for nearly 140 years since its arrival. It has now close to 4000 staff and nearly 20000 Members and over 8500 volunteers. In New Zealand the major work of St John is its Ambulance service providing front line first responders to crash, medical emergency and other life-threatening situations. St John New Zealand also provides a number of 'Community Health' initiatives focused on strengthening communities and prevention. In recent years St John has recognised that they have not engaged well with Indigenous communities and that their organisation in New Zealand must become skilled and relevant in addressing the needs of the Indigenous people of New Zealand, as they suffer the greater burden of disease and illness than any other population in the country. St John NZ Community and Health Services are embarking on a process of transformation through re-orienting its culture and practice by adopting Public Health approaches and an equity lens over all its programmes. They also have committed to understanding and using Indigenous knowledge to support this re-orientation to most effectively engage and implement programmes that will reduce Indigenous health inequities. This presentation will describe the process by which they will be implementing their strategy for change and highlight best practice for working with Indigenous communities. Key messages Indigenous Knowledge is key to addressing Indigenous Health inequities. Mainstream Public Health can learn from Indigenous Public Health approaches.

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"Ambulance Service – Patient's death did not result from negligence: Moied (Deceased) v South Central Ambulance Service NHS Trust (High Court, 30th May 2012 – John Leighton Williams QC)." Clinical Risk 19, no. 2 (March 2013): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356262213492814.

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Journal articles on the topic 'John Ambulance'

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