Academic literature on the topic 'Johnson C. Smith University'

-Louis Allaire, Samuel M. Wilson, Hispaniola: Caribbean chiefdoms in the age of Columbus. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1990. xi + 170 pp.-Douglas Melvin Haynes, Philip D. Curtin, Death by migration: Europe's encounter with the tropical world in the nineteenth century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. xviii + 251 pp.-Dale Tomich, J.H. Galloway, The sugar cane industry: An historical geography from its origins to 1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. xii + 266 pp.-Myriam Cottias, Dale Tomich, Slavery in the circuit of sugar: Martinique and the world economy, 1830 -1848. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1990. xiv + 352 pp.-Robert Forster, Pierre Dessalles, La vie d'un colon à la Martinique au XIXe siècle. Pré-senté par Henri de Frémont. Courbevoie: s.n., 1984-1988, four volumes, 1310 pp.-Hilary Beckles, Douglas V. Armstrong, The old village and the great house: An archaeological and historical examination of Drax Hall Plantation, St Ann's Bay, Jamaica. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1990. xiii + 393 pp.-John Stewart, John A. Lent, Caribbean popular culture. Bowling Green OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1990. 157 pp.-W. Marvin Will, Susanne Jonas ,Democracy in Latin America: Visions and realities. New York: Bergin & Garvey Publishers, 1990. viii + 224 pp., Nancy Stein (eds)-Forrest D. Colburn, Kathy McAfee, Storm signals: Structural adjustment and development alternatives in the Caribbean. London: Zed books, 1991. xii + 259 pp.-Derwin S. Munroe, Peggy Antrobus ,In the shadows of the sun: Caribbean development alternatives and U.S. policy. Carmen Diana Deere (coordinator), Peter Phillips, Marcia Rivera & Helen Safa. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1990. xvii + 246 pp., Lynne Bolles, Edwin Melendez (eds)-William Roseberry, Louis A. Pérez, Jr., Lords of the mountain: Social banditry and peasant protest in Cuba, 1878-1918. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1989. xvii + 267 pp.-William Roseberry, Rosalie Schwartz, Lawless liberators, political banditry and Cuban independence. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 1989. x + 297 pp.-Robert L. Paquette, Robert M. Levine, Cuba in the 1850's: Through the lens of Charles DeForest Fredricks. Tampa: University of South Florida Press, 1990. xv + 86 pp.-José Sánchez-Boudy, Gustavo Pérez Firmat, The Cuban condition: Translation and identity in modern Cuban literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. viii + 185 pp.-Dick Parker, Jules R. Benjamin, The United States and the origins of the Cuban revolution: An empire of liberty in an age of national liberation. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990. xi + 235 pp.-George Irvin, Andrew Zimbalist ,The Cuban economy: Measurement and analysis of socialist performance. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1989. xiv + 220 pp., Claes Brundenius (eds)-Menno Vellinga, Frank T. Fitzgerald, Managing socialism: From old Cadres to new professionals in revolutionary Cuba. New York: Praeger, 1990. xiv + 161 pp.-Patricia R. Pessar, Eugenia Georges, The making of a transnational community: Migration, development, and cultural change in the Dominican republic. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990. xi + 270 pp.-Lucía Désir, Maria Dolores Hajosy Benedetti, Earth and spirit: Healing lore and more from Puerto Rico. Maplewood NJ: Waterfront Press, 1989. xvii + 245 pp.-Thomas J. Spinner, Jr., Percy C. Hintzen, The costs of regime survival: Racial mobilization, elite domination and control of the state in Guyana and Trinidad. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. x + 240 pp.-Judith Johnson, Morton Klass, Singing with the Sai Baba: The politics of revitalization in Trinidad. Boulder CO: Westview, 1991. xvi + 187 pp.-Aisha Khan, Selwyn Ryan, The Muslimeen grab for power: Race, religion and revolution in Trinidad and Tobago. Port of Spain: Inprint Caribbean, 1991. vii + 345 pp.-Drexel G. Woodson, Patrick Bellegarde-Smith, Haiti: The Breached Citadel. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1990. xxi + 217 pp.-O. Nigel Bolland, Howard Johnson, The Bahamas in slavery and freedom. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle; London: James Currey, 1991. viii + 184 pp.-Keith F. Otterbein, Charles C. Foster, Conchtown USA: Bahamian fisherfolk in Riviera beach, Florida. (with folk songs and tales collected by Veronica Huss). Boca Raton: Florida Atlantic University Press, 1991. x + 176 pp.-Peter van Baarle, John P. Bennett ,Kabethechino: A correspondence on Arawak. Edited by Janette Forte. Georgetown: Demerara Publishers, 1991. vi + 271 pp., Richard Hart (eds)-Fabiola Jara, Joop Vernooij, Indianen en kerken in Suriname: identiteit en autonomie in het binnenland. Paramaribo: Stichting Wetenschappelijke Informatie (SWI), 1989. 178 pp.-Jay Edwards, C.L. Temminck Groll ,Curacao: Willemstad, city of monuments. R.G. Gill. The Hague: Gary Schwartz/SDU Publishers, 1990. 123 pp., W. van Alphen, R. Apell (eds)-Mineke Schipper, Maritza Coomans-Eustatia ,Drie Curacaose schrijvers in veelvoud. Zutphen: De Walburg Pers, 1991. 544 pp., H.E. Coomans, Wim Rutgers (eds)-Arie Boomert, P. Wagenaar Hummelinck, De rotstekeningen van Aruba/The prehistoric rock drawings of Aruba. Utrecht: Uitgeverij Presse-Papier, 1991. 228 pp.-J.K. Brandsma, Ruben S. Gowricharn, Economische transformatie en de staat: over agrarische modernisering en economische ontwikkeling in Suriname, 1930-1960. Den Haag: Uitgeverij Ruward, 1990. 208 pp.-Henk N. Hoogendonk, M. van Schaaijk, Een macro-model van een micro-economie. Den Haag: STUSECO, 1991. 359 pp.-Bim G. Mungra, Corstiaan van der Burg ,Hindostanen in Nederland. Leuven (Belgium)/ Apeldoorn (the Netherlands): Garant Publishers, 1990. 223 pp., Theo Damsteegt, Krishna Autar (eds)-Adrienne Bruyn, J. van Donselaar, Woordenboek van het Surinaams-Nederlands. Muiderberg: Dick Coutinho, 1989. 482 pp.-Wim S. Hoogbergen, Michiel Baud ,'Cultuur in beweging': creolisering en Afro-Caraïbische cultuur. Rotterdam: Bureau Studium Generale, 1989. 93 pp., Marianne C. Ketting (eds)

The major aim of the present study is to find connections between global-mindedness and some important factors such as gender and level of proficiency. To this end, 182 language learners, 92 females and 90 males, participated in the study. These students were selected and categorized based on one-stage cluster sampling from 16 branches of different language centers, namely Safiran, Shoukoh, and Kish. The main phase of the study was conducted through the use of Google Docs platform that provides the researchers with the well-organized data. Language learners were asked to answer all the demographic information by considering their anonymity during the process of data collection. The result of the study, through t-test, showed that there was a significant difference between male and female language learners regarding their level of global-mindedness. The result also showed that the level of proficiency of the female language learners does not influence their level of global-mindedness. References Byram, M., Zarate, G., & Neuner, G. (1997). Sociocultural competence in languagelearning and teaching: Studies towards a common European framework of reference forlanguage learning and teaching. Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe. Deardorff, D. K. (2011). Assessing intercultural competence. New Directions forInstitutional Research, 149, 65–79. DeMello, M. A. (2011). The impact of study tours in developing global-mindedness amongPK-12 educators in Southeastern Massachusetts (Doctoral dissertation, NortheasternUniversity, Boston) Duckworth, R. L., Levy, L. W., & Levy, J. (2005). Present and future teachers of theworld’s children How internationally-minded are they?. Journal of Research inInternational Education, 4(3), 279–311. Earley, P. C. and Ang, S. (2003). Cultural Intelligence: An Analysis of IndividualInteractions Across Cultures. Palo Alto (CA): Stanford University Press. Fantini, A. E. (2009), Assessing Intercultural Competence: Issues and Tools. In Deardorff,D. K. (ed.), The SAGE Handbook of Intercultural Competence. Thousand Oaks (CA):Sage, 456–476. FitzGerald, H. (2003). How Different Are We? Spoken Discourse in InterculturalCommunication. Clevedon – Buffalo – Toronto – Sydney: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Gaudelli, W. (2003). World class: Teaching and learning in global times. Mahwah, NJ:Erlbaum. Giddens, A. (1991) Modernity and Self-Identity. Cambridge: Polity. Gillian, K. J. (1995). A measure of global-mindedness at the University of NorthernColorado: An assessment of students, faculty, and administrators (Doctoral dissertation,University of Northern Colorado, 1995). Dissertation Abstracts International, 5,08. Hett, E. J. (1993). The development of an instrument to measure global-mindedness(Doctoral dissertation, University of San Diego). Hill, I. (2007). International education as developed by the International BaccalaureateOrganization. The SAGE handbook of research in international education, 25–37. Johnson, J. P., Lenartowicz, T., & Apud, S. (2006). Cross-cultural competence ininternational business: Toward a definition and a model. Journal of International BusinessStudies, 37(4), 525–543. Kehl, K., & Morris, J. (2007). Differences in global mindedness between short-term andsemester-long study abroad participants at selected private universities. Frontiers: TheInterdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 15(1), 67–79. Lakoff, R. (1973). Language and woman's place. Language in society, 2(01), 45–79. Muller, G. C. (2012). Exploring characteristics of international schools that promoteinternational-mindedness (Doctoral dissertation, Teachers College, Columbia University). Olsen, M.E., Lodwick, D.G., & Dunlap, R.E. (1992). Viewing the World Ecologically.Boulder: Westview. Sampson, D. L., & Smith, H. P. (1957). A scale to measure world-minded attitudes. TheJournal of Social Psychology, 45(1), 99–106. Sercu, L. e.a. (2005). Foreign Language Teachers and Intercultural Competence. AnInternational investigation. Clevedon–Buffalo–Toronto: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Smallman, S. C., & Brown, K. (2011). Introduction to international & global studies.Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Wardhaugh, R. (1992). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. USA: Blackwell PublishersLtd. Zhai, L., & Scheer, S. (2004). Global perspectives and attitudes toward cultural diversityamong summer agriculture students at the Ohio State University. Journal of AgriculturalEducation, 45(2), 39–51.

ER Del = BD+8:4506 is a faint (m ≈ 10) irregularly variable PRG star classified spectral type S5.5/2.5 (Ake 1979). Spectra show H alpha in emission and a strong UV continuum with emission lines of C IV, Si III], and C III] — characteristic of symbiotic-like stars. Although a few other MS and S stars have hot companions, this is the first to show hydrogen emission lines in the optical region. It has been suggested (Smith & Lambert 1986; Little et al. 1987) that all Tc-deficient PRG stars are accidental; that is, they arose by mass transfer when the currently degenerate companion was itself an AGB star. Indeed, the Tc-deficient S stars HR 1105 (Ake, Johnson and Peery 1988) and HD 35155 (Ake and Johnson 1988) and the R8 star HD 59643 (Johnson et al. 1988) not only have hot, subluminous companions, but also are interacting systems - a sign the components are close enough for mass transfer to have occurred. An accretion disk is probably present.

Review of: Goh Beng Lan (ed.), Decentring & diversifying Southeast Asian Studies: Perspectives from the region. Singapore: ISEAS, 2011, xiii + 304 pp. ISBN 9789814311564, price: USD 34.90 (paperback); 9789814311571, USD 45.90 (hardback). Terence Wesley-Smith and Jon Goss (eds), Remaking Area studies: Teaching and learning across Asia and the Pacific. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2010, xxvii + 243 pp. ISBN 9780824833213. Price: USD 45.00 (hardback). Jacob Edmond, Henry Johnson and Jacqueline Leckie (eds), Recentring Asia: Histories, encounters, identities, xv + 339 pp. Leiden/Boston: Brill, Global Oriental: 2011. ISBN 9781906876258. Price: EUR 80.00 (hardback).

The present article involves a qualitative study of the framing of dementia in ‘Alzheimer’s and Dementia’, the Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, published in 2016. The aim of this study is to elucidate how dementia is framed qualitatively in the corpus consisting of scientific articles involving dementia published in ‘Alzheimer’s and Dementia’. The results of the qualitative analysis indicate that dementia is represented in ‘Alzheimer’s and Dementia’ in 2016 as the frames associated with gender, age, costs, caregiver and care-recipients, disability and death, health policy, spatial orientation, medical condition, and ethnic groups. These findings are further discussed in the article. References Andrews, J. (2011). We need to talk about dementia. Journal of Research in Nursing, 16(5),397–399. Aronowitz, R. (2008). Framing Disease: An Underappreciated Mechanism for the SocialPatterning Health. Social Science & Medicine, 67, 1–9. Bayles, K. A. (1982). Language function in senile dementia. Brain and language, 16(2),265–280. Bednarek, M. A. (2005). Construing the world: conceptual metaphors and event construals innews stories. Metaphorik.de, 9, 1–27. Brookmeyer, R., Kawas, C. H., Abdallah, N., Paganini-Hill, A., Kim, R. C., & M.M. Corrada(2016). Impact of interventions to reduce Alzheimer’s disease pathology on the prevalence ofdementia in the oldest-old. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 12(3), 225–232. Burgers, C., Konijn, E., & G. Steen. (2016). Figurative Framing: Shaping Public DiscourseThrough Metaphor, Hyperbole, and Irony. Communication Theory, 26(4)410–430. Carolan, J. (2016). Using a Framing Analysis to Elucidate Learning from a Pedagogy ofStudent-Constructed Representations in Science. In Using Multimodal Representations toSupport Learning in the Science Classroom. Switzerland: Springer. Chen, J. C., Espeland, M. A., Brunner, R. L., Lovato, L. C., Wallace, R. B., Leng, X., Phillips,L.S., Robinson, J.G., Kotchen, J.M., Johnson, K.C., Manson, J. E., Stefanick, M.L., Sato, G.E.,& W.J. Mysiw (2016). Sleep duration, cognitive decline, and dementia risk in older women.Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 12(1), 21–33. Cornejo, R., Brewer, R., Edasis, C., & A.M. Piper (2016). Vulnerability, Sharing, and Privacy:Analyzing Art Therapy for Older Adults with Dementia. In Proceedings of the 19th ACMConference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (pp. 1572–1583).ACM. Davis, D. H. (2004). Dementia: sociological and philosophical constructions. Social Science &Medicine, 58(2), 369–378. Delva, F., Touraine, C., Joly, P., Edjolo, A., Amieva, H., Berr, C., Helmer, C., Rouaud, O.,Peres, K., & J. F. Dartigues (2016). ADL disability and death in dementia in a Frenchpopulation-based cohort: New insights with an illness-death model. Alzheimer’s & Dementia,12 (8), 909–916. Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal ofCommunication, 43(4), 51–58. Entman, R. M. (2004). Projections of power: Framing news, public opinion, and US foreignpolicy. University of Chicago Press. Entman, R. M. (2007). Framing bias: Media in the distribution of power. Journal ofcommunication, 57(1), 163–173. Gao, S., Ogunniyi, A., Hall, K. S., Baiyewu, O., Unverzagt, F. W., Lane, K. A., Murrell, J. R.,Gureje, O., Hake, A. M., & H. C. Hendrie (2016). Dementia incidence declined in AfricanAmericans but not in Yoruba. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 12(3), 244–251. Gauthier, S., Albert, M., Fox, N., Goedert, M., Kivipelto, M., Mestre-Ferrandiz, J., &L. T. Middleton (2016). Why has therapy development for dementia failed in the last twodecades?. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 12(1), 60–64. Gilmour, J. A., & Brannelly, T. (2010). Representations of people with dementia–subaltern,person, citizen. Nursing inquiry, 17(3), 240–247. Green, C. & Zhang, S. (2016). Predicting the progression of Alzheimer’s disease dementia:A multimodal health policy model. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 12, 776–785. Giudice, D. L., Smith, K., Fenner, S., Hyde, Z., Atkinson, D., Skeaf, L., Malay, R., &L. Flicker (2016). Incidence and predictors of cognitive impairment and dementia in AboriginalAustralians: A follow-up study of 5 years. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 12(3), 252–261. Górska, S., Forsyth, K., & Maciver, D. (2017). Living With Dementia: A Meta-synthesis ofQualitative Research on the Lived Experience. The Gerontologist, 0, 1–17. Innes, A. (2002). The social and political context of formal dementia care provision. Ageingand Society, 22(04), 483–499. Jensen-Dahm, C., Gasse, C., Astrup, A., Mortensen, P. B., & G. Waldemar (2015). Frequentuse of opioids in patients with dementia and nursing home residents: A study of the entireelderly population of Denmark. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 11(6), 691–699. Joris, W., d’Haenens, L., & B. Van Gorp. (2014). The euro crisis in metaphors and frames.Focus on the press in the Low Countries. European Journal of Communication, 29(5),608–617. Kapranov, O. (2016). The Framing of Serbia’s EU Accession by the British Foreign Office onTwitter. Tekst i Dyskurs. Text und Diskurs, 9, 67–80. Kaufman, S. R. (1994). Old age, disease, and the discourse on risk: Geriatric assessment in UShealth care. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 8(4), 430–447. Kunutsor, S., & Laukkanen, J. (2016). Gamma glutamyltranserase and risk of future dementiain middle-aged to older Finnish men: A new prospective cohort study. Alzheimer’s &Dementia, 12, 931–941. Lawless, M., & Augoustinos, M. (2017). Brain health advice in the news: managing notions ofindividual responsibility in media discourse on cognitive decline and dementia. QualitativeResearch in Psychology, 14(1), 62–80. Llorens, F., Schmitz, M., Karch, A., Cramm, M., Lange, P., Gherib, K., Varges, D., Schmidt,C., Zerr, I., & K. Stoeck (2016). Comparative analysis of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in thedifferential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 12(5),577–589. Mayeda, E. R., Glymour, M. M., Quesenberry, C. P., & R.A. Whitmer (2016). Inequalities indementia incidence between six racial and ethnic groups over 14 years. Alzheimer’s &Dementia, 12(3), 216–224. Paradis, C. (2010). Good, better and superb antonyms: a conceptual construal approach. Theannual texts by foreign guest professors, 3, 385–402. Parker, J. (2001). Interrogating person-centred dementia care in social work and social carepractice. Journal of Social Work, 1(3), 329–345. Peel, E. (2014). ‘The living death of Alzheimer’s’ versus ‘Take a walk to keep dementia atbay’: representations of dementia in print media and carer discourse. Sociology of health &illness, 36(6), 885–901. Ramirez, J., McNeely, A. A., Scott, C. J., Masellis, M., & S. E. Black (2016). White matterhyperintensity burden in elderly cohort studies: The Sunnybrook Dementia Study, Alzheimer’sThe Framing of Dementia in Scientific Articles Published in Alzheimer’ Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, and Three-City Study. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 12(2),203–210. Rattinger, G., Fauth, E., Behrens, S., Sanders, C., Schwartz, S., Norton, M. C., Corcoran, C.,Mullins, C. D., Lyketsos, C., & J. T. Tschanz (2016). Closer caregiver and care-recipientrelationships predict lower informal costs of dementia care: The Cache County DementiaProgression Study. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 12, 917–924. Shash, D., Kurth, T., Bertrand, M., Dufouil, C., Barberger-Gateau, P., Berr, C., Ritchie, K.,Dartigues, J.-F., Begaud, B., Alperovitch, A., & C. Tzourio (2016). Benzodiazepine,psychotropic medication, and dementia: A population-based cohort study. Alzheimer’s &Dementia, 12(5), 604–613. Swacha, K. Y. (2017). Older Adults as Rhetorical Agents: A Rhetorical Critique of Metaphorsfor Aging in Public Health Discourse. Rhetoric Review, 36(1), 60–72. Teipel, S., Babiloni, C., Hoey, J., Kaye, J., Kirste, T., & O.K. Burmeister (2016). Informationand communication technology solutions for outdoor navigation in dementia. Alzheimer’s &Dementia, 12(6), 695–707. Touri, M. & Koteyko, N. (2015). Using corpus linguistic software in the extraction of newsframes: towards a dynamic process of frame analysis in journalistic texts. InternationalJournal of Social Research Methodology, 18(6), 601–616. Van Gorp, B., & Vercruysse, T. (2012). Frames and counter-frames giving meaning todementia: A framing analysis of media content. Social Science & Medicine, 74(8), 1274–1281. Verlinden, V. J., van der Geest, J. N., de Bruijn, R. F., Hofman, A., Koudstaal, P. J., &M. A. Ikram (2016). Trajectories of decline in cognition and daily functioning in preclinicaldementia. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 12(2), 144–153. Wray, A. (2017). The language of dementia science and the science of dementia language:Linguistic interpretations of an interdisciplinary research field. Journal of Language andSocial Psychology, 36(1), 80–95. Wu, Y. T., Fratiglioni, L., Matthews, F. E., Lobo, A., Breteler, M. M., Skoog, I., & C. Brayne(2016). Dementia in western Europe: epidemiological evidence and implications for policymaking. The Lancet Neurology, 15(1), 116–124. Yuan, J., Zhang, Z., Wen, H., Hong, X., Hong, Z., Qu, Q., Li, H., & J.L. Cummings (2016).Incidence of dementia and subtypes: A cohort study in four regions in China. Alzheimer’s &Dementia, 12(3), 262–271. Zwijsen, S. A., van der Ploeg, E., & C.M. Hertogh (2016). Understanding the world ofdementia. How do people with dementia experience the world?. Internationalpsychogeriatrics/IPA, 1–11.

The Quorum of the Twelve Apostles for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is an administrative and ecclesiastical quorum. The Church, first organized in 1830, did not organize the Quorum of Twelve Apostles until 1835. When it was organized, Joseph Smith outlined the quorum's responsibilities through revelation. The Twelve were assigned two unique and specific responsibilities: to take the gospel to the nations of the earth and to form a traveling high council for the regulating of the Church outside of its stakes. The first opportunity for the Twelve to fulfill their responsibilities was in May 1835 when they were assigned to travel to the eastern United States and southern Canada. There they both preached the gospel and regulated the branches of the Church. This mission represents not only the first time the Apostles fulfilled their assigned responsibilities but the only time that they filled their responsibilities as an entire quorum. It is surprising that more secondary literature on this mission is not available. This thesis seeks to commence an academic conversation regarding this mission and its impact both on the quorum's development and on the Church in its outlying areas. Chapter 1 details the preparation of the individual members of the Twelve to fulfill this mission. It discusses the preparation of the Twelve prior to their call to the apostleship. It also discusses the training that took place between their call and the commencement of this mission. As an administrative body for the membership of the Church, the Twelve spent the majority of their time on this mission with the members of the Church. Chapter 2 identifies the unique purpose of the Twelve on this mission and how that purpose was fulfilled. Joseph Smith originally laid out the geographic framework for this mission, which sent the Twelve into Canada and throughout much of the northeastern United States. Chapter 3 identifies the locations of the Twelve based on available records and seeks to provide an answer to how the Twelve decided which areas to preach in. Many individuals were baptized during this five-month mission. Chapter 4 identifies what the Twelve taught and the sources that they used. It also discusses the reaction of the people they taught. The concluding chapter summarizes the thesis and identifies areas for further research.

Paspaline 3, isolated from the ergot fungus Claviceps paspali, is a Maxi-K channel antagonist, and so a potential lead for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The selec­tive C–H functionalization that converted 1 to 2 was a key step in the synthesis of 3 reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 4968; J. Org. Chem. 2015, 80, 9740) by Jeffrey S. Johnson of the University of North Carolina. The prochiral diketone 4 was the starting point for the assembly of 1. Selective reduction with a commercial strain of yeast set both the relative and the absolute con­figuration of 5. The ketone interfered with the subsequent acid-catalyzed cyclization of the epoxy alcohol, so it was protected as the tosylhydrazone 6. This set the stage for the direct Bamford– Stevens conversion to the fully-substituted alkene 7. Ireland–Claisen rearrangement of the isobutyrate derived from 7 proceeded with substantial preference for the equatorial diastereomer 8. This was carried on to the methyl ketone 9. Hydroboration of 9 showed substantial axial preference, to deliver, after oxidation, the equatorial aldehyde 10. Intramolecular aldol condensation to 11 followed by hydrogenation and benzyl oxime formation then completed the preparation of 1. Intramolecular Pd-catalyzed acetoxylation has been extensively studied by Sanford (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 532). The Sanford conditions, carried out on a gram scale, conver­ted 1 into the equatorial diastereomer 2 with remarkable diastereoselectivity. The final carbocyclic ring was then added by vinyl Grignard addition to the derived keto alde­hyde 12. Grubbs cyclization gave 13, that on exposure to acid rearranged to the enone 14. Reduction of the ketone occurred from the open face to give an alcohol that then directed hydrogenation from the opposite face, leading to the desired trans-fused ketone. Sulfenylation then completed the synthesis of the ketone 15. At this point, the authors followed Smith (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 1769) in using the Gassman protocol (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 5495) to construct the indole. Amination of the sulfur of 15 with N-chloroaniline gave the sulfonium salt, that on exposure to Et3N rearranged to 16. Reductive desulfurization followed by cyclization completed the synthesis of paspaline 3.

This chapter considers Joseph Smith’s attempts to get the men believed to be the likeliest candidates for president to commit to helping the Latter-day Saints gain their long-sought redress for their lost property in Missouri and to protect their civil rights to prevent a repeat of the Missouri conflict in Illinois. Accordingly, Smith writes to five potential candidates: John C. Calhoun, Lewis Cass, Henry Clay, Richard Mentor Johnson, and Martin Van Buren. Only Calhoun, Cass, and Clay respond. None of the three men commit to help the Mormons. Smith is frustrated by these responses and determines that there is no candidate for the presidency who will ensure the protection of the Mormons’ rights as American citizens. Accordingly, church leaders determine that they should support Smith as an independent candidate for president.

The zaragozic acids, exemplified by Zaragozic Acid C 3, are picomolar inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. Jeffrey S. Johnson of the University of North Carolina developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 17281) an audacious silyl glyoxylate cascade approach to the oxygenated backbone fragment 1. Intramolecular aldol cyclization converted 1 to 2, setting the stage for the construction of 3. The lactone 2 includes five stereogenic centers, two of which are quaternary. The authors were pleased to observe that exposure of 4 to vinyl magnesium bromide 5 led, via condensation, silyl transfer, condensation, and again silyl transfer, to a species that was trapped with t-butyl glyoxylate 6 to give 7 as a single diastereomer. This one step assembled three of the stereogenic centers of 2, including both of the quaternary centers. The alcohol 7 so prepared was racemic, so the wrong enantiomer was separated by selective oxidation. Intramolecular aldol condensation of the derived α-benzyloxy acetate 1 then completed the construction of 2. Addition of the alkyl lithium 8, again as a single enantiomerically-pure diasteromer, to 2 gave the hemiketal 9. Exposure of 9 to acid initially gave a mixture of products, but this could be induced to converge to the tricyclic ester 10. To convert 10 to 11 , the diastereomer that was needed for the synthesis, two of the stereogenic centers had to be inverted. This was accomplished by exposure to t-BuOK/t-amyl alcohol, followed by re-esterification. The inversion of the secondary hydroxyl group was thought to proceed by retro-aldol/re-aldol condensation. Debenzylation of 11 followed by acetylation delivered 12, an intermediate in the Carreira synthesis of the zaragozic acids. Following that precedent, the ring acetates of 12 were selectively removed, leaving the acetate on the side chain. Boc protection was selective for the endo ring secondary hydroxyl, leaving the exo ring secondary hydroxyl available for condensation with the enantiomerically-pure acid 13. Global deprotection then completed the synthesis of Zaragozic Acid C 3. The key to the success of this synthesis of the complex spiroketal 3 was the assembly of 7 in one step as a single diastereomer from the readily-available building blocks 4, 5, and 6.

James A. Bull of Imperial College London showed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 14230) that the malonate 1 could readily be cyclized to the oxetane 2. Davide Ravelli of the University of Pavia functionalized (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2014, 356, 2781) the α position of the oxetane 3 with 4, leading to 5. Frank Glorius of the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster hydrogenated (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 8751) the furan 6 to give 7 in high ee. Jia-Rong Chen and Wen-Jing Xiao of Central China Normal University converted (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2014, 4714) the initial Henry adduct from 8 into the cyclic ether 9. Anil K. Saikia of the Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati cyclized (J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79, 8592) the ene–yne 10 to the ketone 11. Richard C. D. Brown of the University of Southampton developed (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 5104) a chiral auxiliary that effectively directed the oxidative cyclization of the diene 12 to 13. The chiral auxiliary could be recovered and reused. K. A. Woerpel of New York University showed (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 3684) that, depending on the solvent, 15 could be added to 14 to give either 16 or 17. Samuel J. Danishefsky of Columbia University and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center also observed (Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 8731) a marked solvent effect on the diastereoselectivity of the reduction of 18 to 19. Xiaoming Feng of Sichuan University added (Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 14493) the ketone 20 to Danishefsky’s diene 21 to give 22 in high ee. Jhillu Singh Yadav of the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology effected (Tetrahedron Lett. 2014, 55, 3996) intramolecular opening of the oxetane of 23 to give, with clean inversion, the cyclic ether 24. Chun-Yu Ho of the South University of Science and Technology, taking advan­tage (J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79, 11873) of the superior chelating ability of the allyl ether, selectively cyclized 25 to 26. Xuegong She of Lanzhou University used (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 10789) a gold catalyst to convert 27 into the eight-membered ring ether 28.

The enantioselective bromocyclization of dicarbonyl 1 to form dihydrofuran 3 using thiocarbamate catalyst 2 was developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 8597) by Ying-Yeung Yeung at the National University of Singapore. Access to dihydrofuran 5 from the cyclic boronic acid 4 and salicylaldehyde via a morpholine-mediated Petasis borono-Mannich reaction was reported (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 5944) by Xian-Jin Yang at East China University of Science and Technology and Jun Yang at the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry. Chiral phosphoric acid 7 was shown (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 13593) by Jianwei Sun at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology to catalyze the enantioselective acetalization of diol 6 to form tetrahydrofuran 8 with high stereoselectivity. Jan Deska at the University of Cologne reported (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 5998) the conversion of glutarate ether 9 to enantiopure tetrahy­drofuranone 10 by way of an enzymatic desymmetrization/oxonium ylide rearrange­ment sequence. Perali Ramu Sridhar at the University of Hyderabad demonstrated (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 4474) the ring-contraction of spirocyclopropane tetrahydropyran 11 to produce tetrahydrofuran 12. Michael A. Kerr at the University of Western Ontario reported (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 4838) that cyclopropane hemimalonate 13 underwent conver­sion to vinylbutanolide 14 in the presence of LiCl and Me₃N•HCl under microwave irradiation. Eric M. Ferreira at Colorado State University developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 17266) the platinum-catalyzed bisheterocyclization of alkyne diol 15 to fur­nish the bisheterocycle 16. Chiral sulfur ylides such as 17, which can be synthesized easily and cheaply, were shown (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 11951) by Eoghan M. McGarrigle at the University of Bristol and University College Dublin and Varinder K. Aggarwal at the University of Bristol to stereoselectively epoxidize a variety of alde­hydes, as exemplified by 18. The amine 20-catalyzed tandem heteroconjugate addition/Michael reaction of quinol 19 and cinnamaldehyde to produce bicycle 21 with very high ee was reported (Chem. Sci. 2013, 4, 2828) by Jeffrey S. Johnson at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Quinol ether 22 underwent facile photorearrangement–cycloaddition to 23 under irradiation, as reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 17978) by John A. Porco, Jr. at Boston University and Corey R. J. Stephenson, now at the University of Michigan.

Kazuaki Kudo of the University of Tokyo developed (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 4964) a peptide catalyst for the enantioselective construction of 3 by the addition of 2 to 1. Thorsten Bach of the Technische Universität München devised (Science 2013, 342, 840; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 14948) a Lewis acid organocatalyst for the photo­cyclization of 4 to 5. Albert Moyano of the Universitat de Barcelona effected (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2013, 3103) enantioselective conjugate addition of 7 to 6 to give the cyclopentane 8. Daniel Romo of Texas A&M optimized (Nature Chem. 2013, 5, 1049) the addition of 9 to 10 to give the β-lactone 11. Kamal Kumar and Herbert Waldmann of the Technische Universität Dortmund found (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 9576) that the addition of 12 to 13 followed by Bayer–Villiger oxidation and deacylation delivered 14 in high ee. David W. Lupton of Monash University opened (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 9149) the cyclopropane of 15 in situ, leading to an ester enolate that added to 16 to give 17. Jeffrey S. Johnson of the University of North Carolina used (Chem. Sci. 2013, 4, 2828) an organocatalyst to mediate the addition of the prochiral 18 to 19, leading to 20. M. Belén Cid of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid added (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 10737) the nitroalkane 22 to the unsaturated aldehyde 21, leading, after intramolecular Julia-Kocienski addition, to the cyclohexene 23. Additions that pro­ceed in high ee with cyclopentenone and cyclohexenone are often not as selective with cycloheptenone 24. Wei Wang of the University of New Mexico and Wenhu Duan of the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica observed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2013, 54, 3791) that addition of nitromethane and of nitroethane to 24 were both highly effective. Strategies have been developed for applying organocatalysis to the assembly of polycarbacyclic ring systems. Sanzhong Luo of the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecule Sciences uncovered (Synthesis 2013, 45, 1939) a simple amine that effi­ciently catalyzed the Robinson annulation of 26 with 27 to give 28.

William D. Wulff of Michigan State University developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 13100; Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 4908) a general enantio- and diastereocontrolled route from an imine 1 to the aziridine 3. Craig W. Lindsley of Vanderbilt University established (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 3276) a complementary approach (not illustrated). Joseph P. Konopelski of the University of California, Santa Cruz, designed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 11379) a practical and inexpensive flow apparatus for the cyclization of 4 to the β-lactam 5. Manas K. Ghorai of the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, showed (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 6173) that an aziridine 6 could be opened with malonate to give the γ-lactam 8. John P. Wolfe of the University of Michigan devised (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 12157) a Pd catalyst for the enantioselective cyclization of 9 to 11. Sherry R. Chemler of the State University of New York at Buffalo observed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 6365) that the cyclization of 12 to 14 proceeded with high diastereoselectivity. Glenn M. Sammis of the University of British Columbia devised (Synlett 2010, 3035) conditions for the radical cyclization of 15 to 16. Jeffrey S. Johnson of the University of North Carolina observed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 9688) that the opening of racemic 17 with 18 could be effected with high ee. The residual 17 was highly enriched in the nonreactive enantiomer. Kevin D. Moeller of Washington University found (Org. Lett . 2010, 12, 5174) that the n -BuLi catalyzed cyclization of 20 set the quaternary center of 21 with high relative control. Yujiro Hayashi of the Tokyo University of Science, using the diphenyl prolinol TMS ether that he developed as an organocatalyst, designed (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 4588) the sequential four-component coupling of 22, 23, benzaldehyde imine, and allyl silane to give 24 with high relative and absolute stereocontrol. Derrick L. J. Clive of the University of Alberta showed (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5223) that 25, prepared in enantiomerically pure form from serine, participated smoothly in the Claisen rearrangement, to deliver 27.

The Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Bath has been conducting an undergraduate engine-related design exercise at Rolls-Royce, Bristol since 2000. Each year a team of six undergraduates complete an engine-related design project under supervision from the company between February and September. This work is coordinated and assessed at both the company and university, and counts overall as 20% of the student’s four-year degree. In addition to working at Rolls-Royce, the students submit reports and give seminars at the university. The design exercise is predominantly technical in nature but must include a significant business element. The students are paid as company employees, typically £7.2k for the six months. This paper describes the design exercise and how it is accommodated into the undergraduate programme of study at the University of Bath. The benefits to the university, the students and the company are discussed. In addition, the six students undertaking the 2005 exercise describe their projects. This year there were three projects, two of which were continuations from previous design exercises. The three projects are listed below. Aero-Engine Rotor-Dynamics (V Cheng and S Peet): An experimental and computation study of engine vibration using a rotor-dynamics rig, simulating the engine. The aim was to assess the accuracy and improve the modeling techniques used at Rolls-Royce. Implementing Design for Environment on Gas turbine engines using a Design Tool (W Mezzulo): A study to create a tool to enable the designer to evaluate the environmental aspects of the life of an engine component. Aero-thermodynamics of aero-engines (M Child, R Johnson and C Pattinson): Various design aspects of aero-engines, both computational and business. Note that M Child’s project is not discussed here for reasons of Rolls-Royce proprietary and confidentiality.

Few technologies can produce meaningful power from low temperature waste heat sources below 250°C, particularly on a per-mass basis. Since the 1970’s energy crisis, NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) and associated thermal engines have been considered a viable heat-to-power transducer but were not adopted due to previously poor material quality, low supply, design complexity, and cost. Decades of subsequent material development, research, and commercialization have resulted in the availability of consistently high-quality, well-characterized, low cost alloys and a renewed interest in SMA as a waste heat energy recovery technology. The Lightweight Thermal Energy Recovery System (LighTERS) is an ongoing ARPA-E funded collaboration between General Motors Company, HRL Laboratories, Dynalloy, Inc., and the University of Michigan. In this paper we will present initial results from investigations of a closed loop SMA thermal engine (a refinement of the Dr. Johnson design) using a helical coil element and forced-air heat exchange. This engine generates mechanical power by continuously pulling itself through separate hot and cold air streams using the shape memory phase transformation to alternately expand and contract at frequencies between 0.25 and 2 Hz. This work cycle occurs continuously along the length of the coil loop and produces steady state power against an external moment. We present engine features and the thermal envelope that resulted in devices achieving between 0.1 and 0.5 W/g of shape memory alloy material using only forced air heat exchangers and room temperature cooling.

Abstract In its latest US Oil & Gas workplace safety report, the American Petroleum Institute (API) noted that the industry's incidence rate has decreased by 41% since 2008 due to an increased focus on the industry-wide goal of zero incidents (American Petroleum Institute, 2020). However, there continues to be a significant number of serious incidents directly related to human behaviours rather than a lack of control or processes. In a high-risk environment such as Oil & Gas sites, onshore or offshore, it is imperative to have a healthy workforce - both physically and mentally - and there is a link between worker wellbeing, stress, overall performance, and safety attitudes. Many segments of the Oil & Gas industry require workers to leave home and family for extended periods, and this can have a significant impact on an employee's psychological wellbeing. This paper aims to inform individuals and organisations so they can better understand the effects of the experience of being away and increase the chances of maintaining their workers’ psychological wellbeing. A five-phase model - from preparing to leave home through to being back at home - has been developed in consultation with academics, trade unions, expert insight from oil and gas, military and education sector perspectives. This model offers a new and practical way to think about and manage potential adverse impacts on psychological wellbeing while away in order to reduce risk. It was first set out by Seaton and Jelley (2015) and additional research has since been completed with new data that demonstrates the impact of the five-phase model. The five-phase model has been tested among international students at universities in the UK (Smith, Smith and Jelley 2018) and in 2019 among foreign workers at an on-shore location in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Consistent with findings in the university context, the results of the latest field research suggest that greater use of strategies to cope with working away from home is associated with (a) greater positive wellbeing (happiness, life satisfaction) in life generally (b) a better quality of working life (c) more efficient operational performance.