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Journal articles on the topic 'Joint and several liability'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Rajković, Ratko. "Debtor's joint and several liability." Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 78, no. 9 (2006): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv0606368r.

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2

Rosenberg, David. "Joint and several liability for toxic torts." Journal of Hazardous Materials 15, no. 1-2 (1987): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(87)87037-1.

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3

Ling, Shiqi, Ruonan Liu, and Yuying Zhang. "The Form of Civil Liability of Securities Service Institutions in Securities Misrepresentation: Reconstruction Based Perspective." BCP Business & Management 39 (February 22, 2023): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v39i.4048.

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In the context of the joint and several liability under Article 163 of the Securities Law of the People's Republic of China, it was common practice to order securities service institutions to assume full joint and several liability without distinguishing the degree of fault and the magnitude of causative potency. Even in the cases of differentiated liability, the court's reasoning on the degree of fault is relatively general and imprecise. Based on China's legislation and trial practice, this research discusses the type of duty of care of securities service institutions. Then it uses case stud

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4

Gramling, Audrey A., Jeffrey W. Schatzberg, Andrew D. Bailey, and Hao Zhang. "The Impact of Legal Liability Regimes and Differential Client Risk on Client Acceptance, Audit Pricing, and Audit Effort Decisions." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 13, no. 4 (1998): 437–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9801300404.

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This study uses experimental methods to examine client acceptance, auditor pricing and effort decisions for clients of varying risk under two legal rules, joint and several liability, and proportionate liability. We predict greater availability of audit services for high-risk clients, lower audit prices, and lower audit effort under proportionate liability relative to joint and several liability. Our experimental evidence does not strongly support predicted prices due to underpricing behavior, but prices do reflect risk differences across client groups for both liability regimes. The results a

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5

Petrov, V. "Joint and several liability and separate liability of the heirs for hereditable obligations – short comparative and historical overview." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 28, no. 4 (2018): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2018.4.21.

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The article researches the different approaches for regulation of the liability of the heirs for hereditable obligations. Historical and comparative researches were made. The European legislations can be divided in two big groups. The legislations form the first group set a separate liability of the heirs - each one of them owes only a part of the debt equal to his share of the estate. The legislations of France, Ukraine, Bulgaria, etc. are included in this group. The legislations from the second group govern joint and several liability for the heirs. A creditor of the estate has a right to de

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6

Zheng, Qiao, Junsheng Zhang, and Yue Qi. "Joint and several liability, litigation preconditions and audit quality." China Journal of Accounting Studies 8, no. 4 (2020): 575–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21697213.2021.1966177.

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7

Schmit, Joan T., Dan R. Anderson, and Timothy K. Oleszczuk. "An Analysis of Litigation Claiming Joint and Several Liability." Journal of Risk and Insurance 58, no. 3 (1991): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253399.

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8

Kornhauser, Lewis A., and Richard L. Revesz. "Multidefendant Settlements: The Impact of Joint and Several Liability." Journal of Legal Studies 23, no. 1 (1994): 41–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/467916.

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9

Schmidt, J. T., D. A. Anderson, and T. K. Oleszczuk. "An analysis of litigation claiming joint and several liability." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 12, no. 1 (1993): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6687(93)91085-9.

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10

Yulita, Nurma, and Amelia Pratiwi. "Analysis of Social Capital Effect in the Joint Liability Group on the Performance of Sharia Cooperatives in Indonesia." Journal of Economics Research and Social Sciences 6, no. 1 (2022): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jerss.v6i1.12986.

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This investigation aims to analyze the impact of the joint liability model on the sharia cooperatives’ performance in Indonesia. The respondents are several group lending members of sharia cooperatives in Java, the center of sharia cooperatives in Indonesia. This study utilized the purposive sampling method to select samples conducted in April 2021. Data collection was carried out by distributing online and offline questionnaires to several sharia cooperatives utilizing the joint liability model. Data from 98 respondents were further analyzed by PLS-SEM analysis. The results unveiled that join

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11

Tietenberg, Tom H. "Indivisible Toxic Torts: The Economics of Joint and Several Liability." Land Economics 65, no. 4 (1989): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3146799.

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12

Carvell, Daniel, Janet Currie, and W. Bentley MacLeod. "Accidental death and the rule of joint and several liability." RAND Journal of Economics 43, no. 1 (2012): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2171.2012.00158.x.

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13

Kahan, Marcel. "The incentive effects of settlements under joint and several liability." International Review of Law and Economics 16, no. 4 (1996): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8188(96)00033-6.

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14

Heyes, Anthony G. "The Possible Cost to British Industry of EU Environmental Liability Reforms." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 5, Issue 2 (1996): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr1996010.

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The Green Paper "Remedying Environmental Damage"; US data on restoration costs; the evaluation of compensation payments; prevention costs; transactions costs as a proportion of total liability; the possible - but lower than might have been expected - costs of different liability alternatives for remedying the worst 500 UK sites, extrapolated form US estimates and based on ( 1 ) strict joint and several liability and ( 2 ) strict joint (apportioned) liability, with, in each case, a compensation find meeting expenses for "orphaned" sites.

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15

Tassin, Kerri L. "Tax Liability Issues Associated with United States Income Tax Filing Statuses for Married Taxpayers and Proposals for Enhanced Equity." ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 15, no. 1 (2017): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr-52041.

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ABSTRACT Throughout the history of the United States income tax code, Congress has struggled with equitable treatment of married taxpayers. In the early years, married taxpayers dealt with uncertainty regarding the liability they assumed depending upon whether they filed one single return together, or two separate returns. Congress ultimately concluded that married taxpayers who filed together should incur joint and several liability. In the meantime, married taxpayers who filed separately eventually found themselves losing out on several tax benefits simply by virtue of their filing status. Y

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16

Chavdarova, Nadezhda. "LIABILITY FOR TAX LIABILITIES IN CASE OF UNDISCLOSED PARTNERSHIP." LAW AND THE BUSINESS IN THE CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY 1, no. 1 (2024): 265–73. https://doi.org/10.56065/lbcs/2024.265.

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This report presents the main characteristics of undisclosed partnership, outlines the factual composition of joint liability and its specific features in case of undisclosed partnership. the influence of this type of partnership on the liability of public claims, as well as the specifics of joint and several liability in financial law are an emphasis when considering the provision of Article 19, par. 8 of the Tax-insurance procedure code.

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17

Barker, Kit, and Jenny Steele. "DRIFTING TOWARDS PROPORTIONATE LIABILITY: ETHICS AND PRAGMATICS." Cambridge Law Journal 74, no. 1 (2015): 49–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197314001135.

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AbstractThis article investigates an apparent, convergent shift in common law jurisdictions away from the traditional principle of joint and several liability towards proportionate liability in cases involving multiple wrongdoers, and argues that this is best seen as an unprincipled drift. The shift is often presented by defendants and legislators as a logical extension of the ethics of comparative (contributory) negligence doctrine. Here we deny any ethical connection between the two doctrines. We also suggest that there is no good, generalisable ethical or pragmatic argument in favour of pro

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18

Rohmah, Umi, Suharto Suharto, and Erike Anggraeni. "Sistem Tanggung Renteng pada Keberlangsungan Usaha dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam." Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 8, no. 3 (2022): 3514. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v8i3.5562.

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Financial institutions have now continued to expand, specifically the Islamic banking industry. Islamic banking offers various types of products, including financing for additional business capital. In the financing products offered, many risks are considered capable of affecting the health of the bank. Consequently, the banking sector has developed a mechanism to address the risk of default. For instance, the BTPN Syariah bank, which already has a mechanism for dealing with defaults through joint and several liability, where all members in a financing group are involved jointly or severally t

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19

Childers, Rachel G. "Tort reform: do details matter?" Health Economics, Policy and Law 16, no. 3 (2021): 308–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133121000025.

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AbstractOne explanation for increases in health care costs has been malpractice lawsuits. States have introduced several types of tort reforms to control increases in health care costs. This paper adds to the literature by examining how the differences in joint and several liability (JSL) reforms affect the state-specific growth rate in health care expenditures. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential for a fundamental difference between states that pass different types of liability reforms. The results show that JSL reforms that limit joint liability based on percentage of blame have

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20

Wang, Yuting. "Tort liability of accounting firms for securities misrepresentation." BCP Business & Management 33 (November 20, 2022): 628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v33i.2848.

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A securities misrepresentation tort case could be complex since it not only involves multiple subjects but also involves some reasonable presenting documents mixed-use, which makes it difficult to delineate the liability based fully on the evidence. What is a fair way to distribute liability in a securities misrepresentation tort case where the disclosure obligor knowingly provided false audit material and the accounting firm failed to effectively identify it? This paper, using case study approach and comparative study, after a comparative analysis between the relative regulations of the US an

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21

Kornhauser, Lewis A., and Richard L. Revesz. "Multidefendant Settlements under Joint and Several Liability: The Problem of Insolvency." Journal of Legal Studies 23, S1 (1994): 517–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/467933.

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22

Spier, Kathryn E. "A Note on Joint and Several Liability: Insolvency, Settlement, and Incentives." Journal of Legal Studies 23, S1 (1994): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/467935.

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23

Chang, Howard F., and Hilary Sigman. "The effect of joint and several liability under superfund on brownfields." International Review of Law and Economics 27, no. 4 (2007): 363–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2007.05.001.

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24

Kim, Tae-Hyun. "Adjustment and Limitation on Joint Tort and Untruthful Joint and Several Reimbursement Liability for Case." Northeast Asian law journal 11, no. 2 (2017): 503–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19035/nal.2017.11.2.20.

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25

Weiszewska, Ewa. "Odpowiedzialność za szkodę wyrządzoną przez pasera." Ius et Administratio 46, no. 1 (2022): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/iuseta.2022.1.6.

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The article concerns civil liability of the person who intentionally took advantage of the damage caused to another person in the light of the article 422 of the Polish Civil Code. The author considers the above norm on the example of the civil liability of the fence, which in the literature was considered almost a textbook example of conscious use of damage. Therefore, the article presents legal grounds for the liability of the fence. The author analyzes several issues, such as the nature of the fence's liability, definition of conscious action, or joint and several liability of the fence.

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26

DeFusco, Richard, Paul Shoemaker, and Nancy Stara. "Controlling The Moral Hazard Created By Limiting Liability." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 12, no. 3 (2011): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v12i3.5794.

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<span>Accounting firms may choose to organize either as Limited Liability Companies (LLC) or as Limited Liability Partnerships (LLP) to eliminate joint and several liability for their partners. However, before firms consider adopting either new entity form to limit tortuous liability, the moral hazard problem associated with these entity choices should be evaluated. This article examines the issue of accountant liability and offers suggestions to reduce moral hazard while still protecting the accountant from personal liability.</span>

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27

Bilchuk, O. O. "Peculiarities of the protection of a bankrupt manager when he is held jointly and severally liable." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 4 (September 11, 2024): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.04.31.

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The Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine has attracted significant attention, particularly regarding the issue of joint and several liability of the debtor company’s manager and the debtor itself. Since the implementation of the Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine, sufficient time has elapsed for legal practitioners to develop certain perspectives, approaches, and algorithms for addressing the issue of imposing joint and several liabilities on the debtor’s manager. The creditor’s path from the initiation of bankruptcy proceedings to the moment of receiving funds from the debtor’s manager’s assets depends on nume

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28

Lackoroński, Bogusław. "Odpowiedzialność solidarna osób pełnoletnich stale zamieszkujących nieruchomość lokalową oraz osób faktycznie z niej korzystających za opłaty związane z eksploatacją i utrzymaniem lokalu oraz nieruchomości wspólnej – de lege lata i de lege ferenda." Prawo w Działaniu 56 (2023): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32041/pwd.5601.

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The purpose of this article is to answer the question whether adults residing in an apartment real estate permanently and persons using it actually are liable for the fees related to operation and maintenance of the apartment real estate and the common property. The answer to this question leads to a conclusion on the advisability of introducing a change in the Polish legislation aimed at creating the basis for the liability of adults residing in an apartment real estate permanently and persons using it actually, with regards to the fees related to operation and maintenance of the apartment re

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29

Rădulescu, Dragos-Lucian, and Delia Marinescu. "SOLIDARITY LIABILITY IN THE EVENT OF WORK-RELATED ACCIDENTS." Jus et Civitas – A Journal of Social and Legal Studies 8(62), no. 1 (2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51865/jetc.1.04.

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The patrimonial liability is the most common form of liability, being attracted in case of non-compliance with the legal norms, in order to protect the social values indispensable for the normal functioning of a company. Legal employment relationships are one of the most common areas in which joint and several liability is applied, namely in the case of work accidents resulting in personal injury to employees, which can cause them including permanent disabilities and can be caused by deficiencies in specific equipment used, as well as the lack of effective training in the field of labour prote

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30

Belianevych, Olena. "On fair compensation and joint and several liability in the squeezeout procedur." NON-GOVERNMENTALORGANIZATION“CIVIL LAW PLATFORM” 3, no. 3 (2024): 125–47. https://doi.org/10.69724/2786-8834-2024-3-3-125-147.

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Based on the current law enforcement practice of the Supreme Court, the article examines the doctrinal issues of ensuring the right of minority shareholders to fair compensation in the procedure of mandatory sale of shares at the request of a person (persons acting jointly) who owns a dominant controlling stake. The author defines the legal nature of the obligation (duty) to pay compensation for shares based on the results of mandatory sale of shares in the squeeze-out procedure as a monetary obligation arising on the basis of a complex legal fact, the composition of which (actions performed b

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31

Carrara, Juan Franco. "Responsabilidad solidaria de los "influencers"." Revista de Derecho Privado │Universidad Blas Pascal 11, no. 11 (2025): 31–34. https://doi.org/10.37767/2362-5325(2024)004.

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It proposes a legislative amendment to Article 40 of the Consumer Protection Law No. 24,240 to explicitly include influencers with strict and joint liability. Article 40. If consumer harm results from a defect or risk associated with the product or the provision of the service, liability shall extend to the producer, manufacturer, importer, distributor, supplier, influencer, seller, and anyone who has placed their brand on the product or service. The carrier shall be liable for any damage caused to the product arising from or during the service. Liability is joint and several, without prejudic

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32

Służewska, Zuzanna. "KONTRAKT SPÓŁKI JAKO PODSTAWA ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI IN SOLIDUM W PRAWIE RZYMSKIM." Zeszyty Prawnicze 3, no. 1 (2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2003.3.1.02.

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THE CONTRACT OF PARTNERSHIP AS A BASE OF IN SOLIDUM LIABILITY IN ROMAN LAWSummary In the modern civil law joint and several liability of partners in a partnership is a rule rather than an exception. According to the common opinion this concept did not originate in the Roman law but was first invented in the medieval times by glossators and commentators. The Roman partnership created only a private relation between partners (who, due to a conclusion of that contract were reciprocally obliged to act together in accordance with a good faith in order to conduct common business and to divide profit

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33

Głowacka - Michalak, Alicja. "Odpowiedzialność solidarna." BUILDER 261, no. 4 (2019): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3563.

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Introduced by the Act amending the Civil Code of February 14, 2003, joint and several liability of the investor and general contractor for payment of subcontractor's remuneration due to divergent interpretations of regulations and inconsistent judicial decisions, did not solve practical problems, and violated the principle of equal parties and exposed the investor to the risk of paying double remuneration to the contractor and subcontractor. The basic change was made by the act of 7/04/2017. Currently, the joint and several liability regime provides the subcontractor with an additional guarant

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34

Bintz, Edward, Douglas Pelley, and Gregory Hughes. "Sun capital: PE funds face increased ERISA exposure." Journal of Investment Compliance 17, no. 3 (2016): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-07-2016-0031.

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Purpose To explain the implications of a March 2016 US District Court decision in Sun Capital concerning two private equity funds’ joint and several liability for the withdrawal from a multiemployer pension plan by a bankrupt portfolio company. Design/methodology/approach Explains controlled group liability under Title IV of ERISA, strategies employed by private equity funds to avoid such liability, two earlier stages of the Sun Capital litigation, and the rationale for the current court decision. Makes observations. Findings The court held that two private equity funds were jointly and severa

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35

Hillegeist, Stephen A. "Financial Reporting and Auditing Under Alternative Damage Apportionment Rules." Accounting Review 74, no. 3 (1999): 347–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.1999.74.3.347.

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This article analyzes the impacts that three alternative damage apportionment rules have on an owner's financial-reporting decision, an auditor's audit-quality choice, and investors' pricing decisions within the context of a perfectly competitive securities market and owner solvency constraints. The strategic interactions between the players' strategies are analyzed within a setting where payoffs are endogenously determined and vary with the damage apportionment rule. These comparisons speak to potential changes resulting from the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 which replaced

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36

Jurkowska-Gomułka, Agata. "How to Throw the Baby out with the Bath Water. A Few Remarks on the Currently Accepted Scope of Civil Liability for Antitrust Damages." Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies 8, no. 12 (2015): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1689-9024.yars.2015.8.12.3.

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The Damages Directive introduces the right to ‘full compensation’ and the principle of ‘joint and several liability’ for antitrust damages (Article 3(1) and Article 11(1) respectively). The Directive does not determine the type of damage that can be awarded in civil proceedings. In theory, there are thus no barriers to establish punitive, multiple or other damages. In practice, it is rather unlikely that such types of damages will be awarded after the implementation of the Directive due to the ban placed on overcompensation in its Article 2(3). This paper will try to decode the concept of ‘ful

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37

Raissafitri, Kayla, Naufal Afrian Noormansyah, and Taupiqqurrahman. "The Authenticity of Kemenkumham Decree Regarding Limited Liability Company with Husband and Wife Joint Assets Share Establishment Approval Based On Presumptio Iustae Causa Principles." Jurnal Hukum dan Kenotariatan 7, no. 1 (2023): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/hukeno.v7i1.19445.

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This research will be analyzing the authenticity of Kemenkumham Decree Regarding Limited Liability Company with Husband and Wife Joint Asset Shares Establishment Approval based on Presumptio Iustae Causa principles and the legal effect towards the Kemenkumham Decree if the Establishment Deed a quo declared annulled by the district court. This research is examined through several method, specifically using normative juridical research and statutory approach, also will be written in descriptive literature. The result of the research shows Kemenkumham Decree is considered as a state administratio

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38

Libenzon, Evgenii Leonidovich. "Forms of Participation of Several Persons in the Commission of Crimes." Interactive science, no. 7 (53) (October 20, 2020): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-552097.

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The article reveals the legal nature of complicity in a crime, reveals the objective and subjective signs of complicity, gives a description of complicity, examines the main problems that practitioners face in resolving the problems of criminal law regulation of joint participation in a crime, including the presence in the norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code RF, provides a legal assessment of the legality of establishing responsibility for certain types of actions of accomplices, whose criminal liability is presented as independent offenses.

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39

张, 学远. "Study on the Application of Litigation Form of Joint and Several Liability for Tort." Advances in Social Sciences 13, no. 05 (2024): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ass.2024.135424.

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40

Chang, Howard F., and Hilary Sigman. "Incentives to Settle Under Joint and Several Liability: An Empirical Analysis of Superfund Litigation." Journal of Legal Studies 29, no. 1 (2000): 205–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/468068.

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41

Fajarisya Setiawan, Lintang. "Pembagian Harta Bersama Pada Saham Pendirian Perseroan Terbatas." Jurnal Penegakan Hukum Indonesia 3, no. 3 (2022): 284–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.51749/jphi.v3i3.85.

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Divorcement of husband and wife does not necessarily terminate all matters between both divorced parties, there are legal consequences to be considered, one of which is joint property that must be shared. Positive law in Indonesia does not yet fairly regulate distribution of joint assets in shares of Limited Liability Companies in the Decision of the Supreme Court number 80/Pdt.G/2020/PN.JKT.UTR. Following the case above, the author is interested to discuss: (1) How is the distribution of joint assets in shares of the establishment of a limited liability company? (2) What are the Legal Consequ

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42

Miskolczi Bodnár, Péter, and Róbert Szuchy. "Joint and Several Liability of Competition Law Infringers in the Legislation of Central and Eastern European Member States." Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies 10, no. 5 (2017): 85–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1689-9024.yars.2017.10.15.5.

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The study reviews the provisions of the Directive by, first, presenting its general rule – joint and several liability – and then its two exceptions, pointing out that albeit they contain similar solutions, these have different reasons in the case of leniency applicants obtained immunity from fines and small and medium-sized enterprises. The study examines whether the 11 CEE Member States prescribe joint and several liability, in principle, to cases where multiple persons cause harm jointly by an infringement of competition law. The study also analyses the position of an immunity recipient in

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43

Stival, Robson Ivan, Belmiro Valverde Jobim Castor, and Valdir Fernandes Fernandes. "REPONSABILIDADE SOLIDÁRIA: um importante instrumento para as políticas públicas ambientais." Revista Políticas Públicas 17, no. 2 (2014): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v17n2p455-466.

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Este artigo situa-se no campo interdisciplinar e trata do instituto jurídico da responsabilidade solidária a partir das perspectivas do Direito Ambiental e das Políticas Públicas. Tem por objetivo destacar a importância da solidariedade, pelo viés jurídico, para as Políticas Públicas ambientais.A pesquisa é teórica, descritiva e exploratória, com análise de dados bibliográficos pelo método dedutivo. São estabelecidas relações entre as Políticas Públicas, os novos paradigmas apartir da questão ambiental e a responsabilidade solidária.Palavras-chave: Direito Ambiental; Políticas Públicas; Respon

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44

Mitchell, Charles. "Claims in Unjustified Enrichment to Recover Money Paid Pursuant to a Common Liability." Edinburgh Law Review 5, no. 2 (2001): 186–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2001.5.2.186.

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This article discusses claims in unjustified enrichment to recover money paid pursuant to a common liability, and considers how the principles underlying such claims are reflected in the pleading rules which govern them. The discussion includes claims in unjustified enrichment to recover money paid pursuant to those joint, joint and several, and several liabilities which are owed to the same third party in respect of the same debt or damage. Comparisons are drawn with similar claims under Roman and German law, and the decision of the Inner House in Caledonia North Sea Ltd v London Bridge Engin

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45

付, 夏莹. "Analysis of Problems and Countermeasures in Joint and Several Liability in Civil and Commercial Law." Open Journal of Legal Science 12, no. 08 (2024): 4967–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ojls.2024.128707.

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46

Dopuch, Nicholas, Daniel E. Ingberman, and Ronald R. King. "An experimental investigation of multi-defendant bargaining in ‘joint and several’ and proportionate liability regimes." Journal of Accounting and Economics 23, no. 2 (1997): 189–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-4101(97)00005-0.

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Leonardo, A. "Siemens Osterreich, Areva, and Alstom: Joint and Several Liability in the Gas-insulated Switchgear Cartel." Journal of European Competition Law & Practice 6, no. 1 (2014): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeclap/lpu061.

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Prósper-Almagro, Ana B. "Country note: Joint and Several Liability as a Measure to Tackle VAT Fraud: The Spanish Perspective." Intertax 47, Issue 3 (2019): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2019028.

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The major downside of the current transitional VAT system is that it has proven to be particularly susceptible to VAT fraud. This is a real problem that not only results in revenue losses for Member States, but also disrupts competition and increases compliance costs for businesses. In this context, over the last several decades, governments around the world have adopted a large variety of measures that are aimed at tackling VAT fraud and encouraging VAT compliance. This article explores the effectiveness of the anti-fraud measure based upon a chain liability from a Spanish perspective.

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Kessing, Peter Vedel. "Liability in Joint Military Operations—The Green Desert Case." Journal of Conflict and Security Law 25, no. 2 (2020): 343–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/kraa008.

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Abstract Almost all international military operations today are joint military operations where several states collaborate to carry out concrete operations, such as combat or arrest operations. This raises pertinent and difficult questions in relation to state responsibility if international law obligations are breached during the operation, not least: Which state or states are responsible? In June 2018, a Danish High Court found Denmark responsible in its complicity for Iraqi ill-treatment of 18 Iraqis who were detained by the Iraqi military in a joint Danish–Iraqi military operation in Iraq

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Bergkamp, Lucas. "A Future Environmental Liability Regime." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 7, Issue 7 (1998): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr1998032.

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The Commission's Working Paper on environmental liability and the forthcoming proposal for a directive. The proposed strict liability regime. Scope - prospective rather than historic damage; dangerous activities regulated by EC law; natural resources protected by EC law. Liable persons, liability being channelled to the operator; position of banks and other lenders; "mitigated joint and several liability" where there are multiple liable parties. Defences: force majeure, act of God; contributory negligence; third party intervention; but not state of the art and regulatory compliance. The damage

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