Academic literature on the topic 'Joint Budget Committee'

The evolving federal budget process has placed increasing demands on, and given unique powers to, the economic forecasters at OMB, Treasury, CBO, and the Joint Tax Committee of Congress. On the whole, the forecasters have been highly professional in their work, but differences in estimating techniques and, especially, constraints imposed on their analysis by elected officials have limited their credibility. Both the Administration and Congress “game” the system and even ignore the budget rules when convenient. Thus, a sophisticated budget process can help, but cannot assure, sound fiscal policy in the absence of political will to make hard decisions.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, association governance has been taking place virtually since March 2020. With the ALA Midwinter Meeting taking place online, the ACRL Board met virtually in January and February. The Board held a virtual update session on January 25, 2021, and held Board meetings on January 27 and 29, 2021. In addition, the Board and Budget and Finance Committee convened for their annual joint meeting on February 2, 2021. As the Board did not meet in-person to approve confirmation of synchronous virtual actions taken during the fall meeting, this article also includes actions taken by the Board on November 16, 2020.

Through an active administration approach, the Local Living Security Commission (LLSC) has provided relief to protect the poor strata and reinforce the distribution of entitlements. However, the absence of a system to monitor operational performance makes it difficult to manage it efficiently. The purpose of this study is to find ways to strengthen and efficiently operate the functions of the LLSC through priority analysis of its operation. To this end, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was conducted based on the results of the focus group interview to derive priorities for the operation of the LLSC. The variables used in the AHP analysis included regional conditions, operational performance, organizational method, and network. The result of the analysis revealed, first, that the performance of the committee has increased due to a joint evaluation or verification survey conducted at the end of each year, second, that the creation of a budget for the organization and the operation of an independent LLSC is necessary, and third, that operational performance is the most important, followed by organizational method, network, and regional conditions. Therefore, a system for monitoring performance should be established to improve the operation performance of the LLSC. Additionally, it is necessary to establish an independent LLSC and secure the budget for each city and county. It should be possible to provide feedback on operations through regular priority analysis.

A brief description of the attitude of the state to the resettlement movement in the 1880s is given. The significance of studies of the 1880s is estimated in the process of including the Steppe region in the resettlement policy. The main changes that have occurred in the financing of resettlement activities with the establishment of the Committee of the Siberian Railway are highlighted. The author analyzes the details of the organization and activities of the statistical expedition of F. A. Shcherbina and hydrotechnical expedition of I. I. Zhilinsky. The degree of influence of the results of expeditions on the financing of related branches and other parts of the resettlement budget of the Steppe Territory is revealed. The key aspects of the impact of the new resettlement policy on scientific research in the second half of the 1900s are shown. A change in attitude towards Shcherbina’s expert assessments is shown in connection with the growth of the resettlement movement in 1906-1907. Using soil and botanical expeditions as an example, we consider the features of financing scientific research in 1906-1910: regularity, planning, joint development of estimates by scientists and officials of the Resettlement Department.

AbstractSweden has a long tradition in planning for disaster situations in which the National Board of Health and Welfare has a key responsibilty within the health sector. One important part of this disaster preparedness is education and training. Since 11 September 2001, much focus has been placed on the acts of terrorism with special reference to the effects of the use of chemical, biological, or nuclear/radiological (CBNR) agents. In the health sector, the preparedness for such situations is much the same as for other castastrophic events. The National Board of Health and Welfare of Sweden is a national authority under the government, and one of its responsibilities is planning and the provision of supplies for health and medical services, environmental health, and social services in case of war or crises. “Joint Central Disaster Committees” in each County Council/Region in the country are responsible for overseeing major incident planning for their respective counties/regions. The “Disaster Committee” is responsible for ensuring that: (1) plans are established and revised; (2) all personnel involved in planning receive adequate information and training; (3) equipment and supplies are available; and (4) maintenance arrangements are in place.Sweden adopts a “Total Defense” strategy, which means that it places a high value in preparing for peacetime and wartime major incidents. The Swedish Emergency Management Agency coordinates the civilian Total Defense strategy, and provides funding to the relevant responsible authority to this end. The National Board of Health and Welfare takes responsibility in this process. In this area, the main activities of the National Board of Health and Welfare are: (1) the establishment of national guidelines and supervision of standards in emergency and disaster medicine, social welfare, public health, and prevention of infectious diseases; (2) the introduction of new principles, standards, and equipment; (3) the conducting education and training programmes; and (4) the provision of financial support. The budget for National Board of Health and Welfare in this area is approximately 160 million SEK (US$18 million). The National Board of Health and Welfare also provides funding to the County Councils/Regions for the training of healthcare professionals in disaster medicine and crises management by arranging (and financing) courses primarily for teachers and by providing financial support to the County Councils/Regions for providing their own educational and training programmes. The National Board of Health and Welfare provides funding of approximately 20 million SEK (US$2.4 million) to the County Councils/Regions for this training of healthcare professionals in disaster medicine and crises.

AbstractBackgroundThe Joint Committee on Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (JCTLM) has recently created the Task Force on Reference Measurement System Implementation (TF-RMSI) for providing guidance on traceability implementation to in vitro diagnostics (IVD) manufacturers. Using serum creatinine (sCr) as an example, a preliminary exercise was carried out by checking what type of information is available in the JCTLM database and comparing this against derived analytical performance specifications (APS) for measurement uncertainty (MU) of sCr.ContentAPS for standard MU of sCr measurements were established as a fraction (≤0.75, minimum quality; ≤0.50, desirable quality; and ≤0.25, optimum quality) of the intra-individual biological variation of the measurand (4.4%). By allowing no more than one third of the total MU budget for patient samples to be derived from higher-order references, two out of the four JCTLM reference materials (RMs) at least allow minimum APS to be achieved for the MU of patient samples. Commutability was explicitly assessed for one of the JCTLM-listed matrixed RMs, which was produced in compliance with ISO 15194:2009 standard, whereas the remaining three RMs were assessed against the ISO 15194:2002 version of the standard, which only required the extent of commutability testing to be reported. Regarding the three listed reference methods, the MU associated with isotopic dilution-mass spectrometry coupled to gas chromatography (ID/GC/MS) and isotopic dilution-mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography (ID/LC/MS) would allow APS to be fulfilled, while the isotope dilution surface-enhanced Raman scattering (ID/SERS) method displays higher MU.SummaryThe most recently listed RM for sCr in the JCTLM database meets the ISO 15194:2009 requirements with MU that would allow APS to be fulfilled and has had commutability demonstrated for use as a common calibrator in implementing traceability of sCr measurements. Splitting clinical samples with a laboratory performing ID/GC/MS or ID/LC/MS provides an alternative but would also require all components of uncertainty of these materials to be assessed.OutlookUsing appropriately derived APS to judge whether reference measurement system components are fit for purpose represents a novel approach. The TF-RMSI is planning to review a greater number of measurands to provide more robust information about the state of the art of available reference measurement systems and their impact on the ability of clinical measurements to meet APS.

Abstract. The amount of additional future temperature change following a complete cessation of CO2 emissions is a measure of the unrealized warming to which we are committed due to CO2 already emitted to the atmosphere. This “zero emissions commitment” (ZEC) is also an important quantity when estimating the remaining carbon budget – a limit on the total amount of CO2 emissions consistent with limiting global mean temperature at a particular level. In the recent IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 ∘C, the carbon budget framework used to calculate the remaining carbon budget for 1.5 ∘C included the assumption that the ZEC due to CO2 emissions is negligible and close to zero. Previous research has shown significant uncertainty even in the sign of the ZEC. To close this knowledge gap, we propose the Zero Emissions Commitment Model Intercomparison Project (ZECMIP), which will quantify the amount of unrealized temperature change that occurs after CO2 emissions cease and investigate the geophysical drivers behind this climate response. Quantitative information on ZEC is a key gap in our knowledge, and one that will not be addressed by currently planned CMIP6 simulations, yet it is crucial for verifying whether carbon budgets need to be adjusted to account for any unrealized temperature change resulting from past CO2 emissions. We request only one top-priority simulation from comprehensive general circulation Earth system models (ESMs) and Earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs) – a branch from the 1 % CO2 run with CO2 emissions set to zero at the point of 1000 PgC of total CO2 emissions in the simulation – with the possibility for additional simulations, if resources allow. ZECMIP is part of CMIP6, under joint sponsorship by C4MIP and CDRMIP, with associated experiment names to enable data submissions to the Earth System Grid Federation. All data will be published and made freely available.

Keberhasilan lembaga pendidikan Islam (madrasah) dalam menyelenggarakan pendidikan sangat ditentukan oleh kemampuannya dalam mengimplementasikan fungsi-fungsi manajemen secara profesional. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis implementasi fungsi-fungsi manajemen dalam pengelolaan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Islahul Muta’allim Pagutan Kota Mataram. Untuk mendapatkan data, teknik yang digunakan yaitu observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperolah analisis dengan model interaktif seperti yang dikembangkan oleh Miles dan Huberman (1994). Kesimpulan penelitian ini, bahwa dalam pengelolaan MI Ishlahul Muta’allim mengimplementasikan fungsi-fungsi manajemen antara lain fungsi perencanaan, pengorganisasian, dan pengawasan. Fungsi perencanaan dimulai dengan mekanisme penentuan arah dan tujuan yang hendak dicapai dengan melibatkan ketua yayasan, kepala sekolah, guru, dan komite. Fungsi pengorganisasian dilakukan dengan pembagian tugas dan tanggung jawab kepada seluruh civitas madrasah melalui rapat pembagian tugas sebelum tahun ajaran baru dilaksanakan. Fungsi pengawasan dilakukan dengan mengontrol kuantitas dan kualitas kerja personil melalui supervisi kelas, rapat kerja guru dan kepala madrasah, serta audit penggunaan anggaran dilakukan melalui rapat bersama komite madrasah. Title: The Implementation of Management Functions at Islamic Education Institutions (Case Study of Islahul Muta’allim Islamic Elementary School [MI] Management of Pagutan) Abstract: The objectives of this research are to describe and analyze the implementation of management functions in the management of Islahul Muta’allim Islamic Elementary School of Pagutan in Mataram city. To find the data, researcher used the data collection techniques namely: participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. While for data analysis, researcher used data analysis techniques of interactive model developed by Miles and Huberman (1994). The conclusion of this research are; 1) Implementation of the planning function in the management of Islahul Muta’allim Islamic Elementary School is carried out with a mechanism of determination of the directions and objectives to be achieved by the school (madrasah), namely by determining the vision, mission and planned activities in the management of school (madrasah). The people involved in the planning of the school management program are the head of foundation, principal, teachers, and committees. 2) The implementation of the organizing function in the management of Islahul Muta’allim Islamic Elementary School is carried out with a mechanism of the distribution of jobs and responsibilities to the entire school civitas academica through the job sharing meeting for the all teachers and employees before the new school academic year is started. The facilities and equipments needed in the implementation of job are prepared by the school to support the school activities. Whereas for the determination of work methods and procedures, it is carried out based on the family system with the aim that all activities carried out are not neglected when there is a teacher who cannot fulfill the obligation for certain reasons. 3) The implementation of the supervisory function in the management of Islahul Muta’allim Islamic Elementary School is done by controlling the quantity and quality of personnel work, namely by conducting class supervision. For the investigation technique of the work relevance with school planning, it is done by discussing together to the problems which are considered heavy on the programs which have been undertaken and discussing problems through teacher and principal work meetings. While the budget use audit is carried out by prioritizing kinship carried out through joint meetings of school committee.

Abstract The provision of Article 13 TSCG to create an Interparliamentary Conference was the starting point for long discussions after which national parliaments and the European Parliament eventually reached a compromise. This article pursues a two-fold objective: It first examines the different phases of interparliamentary negotiations from 2012 to 2015. On the basis of a distinction between three competing models for interparliamentary cooperation, the article shows that the two models of EP-led scrutiny and creating a collective parliamentary counterweight did not prevail: Parliaments agreed that the new Interparliamentary Conference on Stability, Economic Coordination and Governance (SECG) would follow the ‘standard’ interparliamentary conference (COSAC model). In terms of national parliaments’ actual participation, the lowest common denominator compromise has not changed the numbers of participating MPs: Attendance records are stable over time, the size of national delegations continues to vary and participating MPs are still twice as likely to be members of Budget or Finance committees than to be members of European affairs committees.

Since moving into a shared building in 2009, the Biochemical Society (BS), British Ecological Society (BES) and Society for Experimental Biology (SEB) have worked together on a portfolio of joint ventures. The first joint Society conference took place in January at Charles Darwin House, London, and proved to be a great start to 2011 and the Biochemical Society Centenary celebrations. Organizing a joint conference between Societies can be a challenge and a workable model for joint events takes time to agree. Publication rights need to be discussed and budgets approved. In addition, the operational aspects of running joint events often mean that each Society must amend its practices, procedures and culture. On top of that, to keep the event truly joint, care must be taken at every stage of the planning process to ensure the science is cross-disciplinary, and that sessions are not biased towards one of the organizing Societies. Undeterred, the three Societies committed to running a joint conference, and agreed that maintaining communications every step of the way was the key to success. Regular planning meetings were helped in no small part by the fact that we can now holler over our shared office space at Charles Darwin House!

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When the new Brazilian Constitution of 1988 was ratified, the National Congress regained several of its prerogatives related to the budgetary process that had been limited during the previous regime (of 1969). One, in particular, was the restauration of the legislative power to modify the budget laws through the adoption of amendments on the original bill, offering congressmen the ability to increase or to create new expenditures for the Federal Government. This arrangement was similar to the system that prevailed under the Constitution of 1946, but with a series of new restrictions that did not exist at that time. The main distinctive feature was the promotion of a unicameral procedure for the approval of budgetary laws, convened through a permanent joint committee specifically dedicated to this purpose – the Joint Budget Committee (Comissão Mista de Orçamento or CMO). This body, considered one of the most powerful in the Brazilian National Congress, accumulates attributes regarding the examination of the budget laws, of the amendments presented to those bills during the approval phase, and also for the control phase of the budget cycle. However, despite its relevance, the legal literature has dedicated little attention to the study of the CMO and its regulation, which is mostly established by the congressmen themselves through internal rules. With this perception in mind, the present research aims to study the so-called Joint Resolutions of the National Congress, approved between 1988 and 2015, which, through the legal framework created for the CMO, regulated the legislative role in the approval phase of the budget laws in Brazil. In this sense, the research seeks to answer three questions: (1) What is the content of the provisions in the Federal Constitution of 1988 that determine the powers and responsibilities of the Joint Budget Committee? (2) What were the procedural provisions governing the operation of the Joint Budget Committee between 1988 and 2015? (3) Which of these regimental regulations could make the process more "rational" and in what way would they do it? In order to deal with these issues, the work intends to describe the institutional transformations of the Committee through the methodological strategy of a case study, articulating the regulation created during this period with the context that involved its elaboration. Moreover, the thesis intends to contribute to the literature that studies the relationship between Law and Development, as it seeks to provide a deeper understanding of some of the budgetary institutions in Brazil – a subject of great relevance to the national development process.
Com o advento da Constituição de 1988, o Congresso Nacional recuperou diversas prerrogativas no campo orçamentário que haviam sido limitadas no regime anterior. Em particular, restaurou-se a sua competência de modificar as leis do Orçamento através da aprovação de emendas, inclusive para aumentar e criar novas despesas – à semelhança do que ocorria sob a Constituição de 1946, porém com uma série de delimitações e restrições então inexistentes. O principal traço distintivo foi a manutenção da tramitação unicameral das leis orçamentárias, reunida por meio de uma comissão mista permanente dedicada especificamente para este fim – a Comissão Mista de Orçamento (CMO). O Órgão, considerado um dos mais poderosos do Congresso Nacional, acumula competências relativas ao exame e à emissão de pareceres sobre os projetos de leis orçamentárias, às emendas apresentadas a referidos projetos e, por fim, ao acompanhamento e fiscalização da Lei Orçamentária Anual, uma vez aprovada. Entretanto, apesar de sua relevância, são poucos os trabalhos na literatura jurídica que se dedicam ao estudo da CMO e de sua regulação específica, majoritariamente estabelecida pelos próprios congressistas através de normas internas. Diante dessa percepção, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo das denominadas Resoluções Conjuntas do Congresso Nacional, aprovadas entre os anos de 1988 e 2015, com destaque para a disciplina, através do regime jurídico criado para a CMO, da atuação dos parlamentares na fase de aprovação das leis orçamentárias da União. A pesquisa procura, assim, responder a três perguntas principais: (1) Qual é o conteúdo das disposições presentes na Constituição Federal de 1988 que determinam as competências e as atribuições para a atuação da Comissão Mista de Orçamento? (2) Quais foram e de que modo se sucederam as disposições regimentais que regularam o funcionamento da Comissão Mista de Orçamento entre os anos de 1988 e 2015? (3) Quais dessas regulações regimentais seriam aptas a tornar o processo mais 'racional' e de que maneira o fariam? Para tratar dessas questões, pretende-se descrever as transformações institucionais da Comissão através da estratégia metodológica do estudo de caso, articulando-se o regramento existente no período com o contexto que envolveu sua elaboração. O trabalho pretende, ao final, contribuir à literatura que estuda as relações entre Direito e Desenvolvimento por buscar compreender, de forma mais aprofundada, algumas das instituições orçamentárias no Brasil – tema de grande relevância ao processo de desenvolvimento nacional.

This chapter explains how legislative power was weakened after the courts agreed with Attorney General Bill Allain that it was unconstitutional for legislators to serve on executive boards and commissions. This chapter discusses the most important separation of powers case in the state’s history, Alexander v. State of Mississippi by and Through Allain (1983). The court decision in the Alexander case resulted in the passage of the Mississippi Administrative Reorganization Act of 1984, which created a new budget making process. The reorganization act created the Joint Legislative Budget Committee (JLBC) and the Fiscal Management Board (FMB).

Chapter 7 discusses Governor Ronny Musgrove, a former member of the Joint Legislative Budget Committee (JLBC), who was familiar with the budget making process. This chapter shows how Musgrove was successful in getting more funding for total education (especially K – 12) although he had a less than ideal relationship with the legislature. The constant disputes between the legislature and Musgrove resulted in the legislature overriding 47 of the 58 gubernatorial vetoes in one legislative session (2001 legislative session). Former Musgrove ally, Speaker Tim Ford, attributed the governor’s lack of fiscal success to his lack of communication with the legislature.