Relevant bibliographies by topics / Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission

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Academic literature on the topic 'Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission"

1

Maybury, Ronald B. "Codex Alimentarius Approach to Pesticide Residue Standards." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 3 (May 1, 1989): 538–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.3.538.

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Abstract To protect consumers' health, most countries have maximum legal limits for pesticide residues in foods. Trade difficulties can arise when limits differ between countries. The Codex Alimentarius Commission was established in 1962 to implement the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, the purpose of which is to protect consumer health and ensure fair practices in international food trade. The Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues (CCPR), an intergovernmental body which advises the Commission on matters related to pesticide residues, is responsible for establishing maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides in foods and feeds that move in international trade. Codex MRLs are based on residue data obtained mainly from supervised trials that reflect approved pesticide use in accordance with "good agricultural practice." MRLs must be toxicologically acceptable in terms of estimated pesticide intake by consumers. CCPR Working Groups examine problems related to establishing and implementing MRLs, including sampling and methods of analysis. Despite time and effort expended, acceptance and application of Codex MRLs face many problems in international trade.
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Stanković, Ivan, and Milica Zrnić-Ćirić. "Food additives: Risk analysis and legislation." Arhiv za farmaciju 71, no. 1 (2021): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm71-30117.

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Food additive is any substance not normally consumed as a food, the intentional addition of which to food for a technological purpose results in it or its by-products becoming a component of such foods. The use of each new additive is preceded by a risk analysis consisting of three interrelated components: risk assessment, risk management and risk communication. At the international level in the Codex Alimentarius system, risk assessment is performed by the Joint (FAO/WHO) Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and risk management by Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) that, based on the results of the risk assessment, prepares international standards and recommendations that Member States incorporate into national regulations. At the level of the European Union (EU), risk assessment is performed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) as a basis for risk management by the European Commission (EC) that prepares food additive legislation, and member states authorities responsible for official control of additives on the market. Risk communication takes place between all stakeholders including academia, food producers and consumers. The regulation on additives in the Republic of Serbia is fully harmonized with the EU legislation in this area.
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Ivanova, L. P., T. V. Adamchuk, A. P. Hrynko, O. P. Kravchuk, and H. I. Petrashenko. "Analysis of international approaches to regulation of pesticides in processed agricultural products (literature review)." One Health and Nutrition Problems of Ukraine 55, no. 2 (October 20, 2021): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-9726-2021-55-2-94-99.

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Object . Analysis of pesticide regulations documents and scientific works regarding processed agricultural products. Results. The principles to establish maximum residue levels (MRLs) for active ingredients of pesticides in raw agricultural commodities (RACs) and processed products are currently available in the European Union and Ukraine and are provided by the WHO Commission “Codex Alimentarius” and the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) were reviewed. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) project with the overall objective is to develop a database of validated processing factors based on the residue definitions for enforcement, which is compatible with the EFSA food classification and description system was outlined. The European Association of Plant Producers of the EU Vegetable Oil and Proteinmeal Industry (FEDIOL) position on pesticide MRLs in vegetable oils and fats were described. This concept has identified two main elements allowing to give an indication of the fat solubility of an substances. In particular, variants of interpretation of the octanol/water partition coefficient (log Pow) were analyzed. It can be used to predict whether the substance is fat - or water-soluble and to provides an estimate of the tendency of a active ingredients of pesticides to bioaccumulate in fat. In the case of vegetable oils, MRLs can be approximated based on the physico/chemical properties of the pesticides and on the oil content of the raw agricultural commodities (theoretical processing factors from oilseeds seed to oil). Conclusions. The review determines the necessity of improve Ukrainian pesticides regulation procedure and the development of a risk-oriented approach to the selection of priority indicators for the set of MRLs of pesticides in agricultural processed products. Key Words: pesticides, residues, processed products, oilseeds.
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Vojir, Franz, Erwin Schübl, and Ibrahim Elmadfa. "The Origins of a Global Standard for Food Quality and Safety: Codex Alimentarius Austriacus and FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 82, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000115.

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In the second half of the 19th century the incidence of food adulterations increased very rapidly, prompting many European countries to put into force food laws to fight these practices. A number of parallel attempts were undertaken to establish a collection of instructions for the assessment of food samples to warrant the comparability of results obtained and interpreted by different experts. The first official steps towards such a standardization was made in 1891 at an international meeting of food chemists and microscopic scientists in Vienna. As a consequence, Austria installed a “Scientific Commission” in 1891, which drafted chapters for a future Codex Alimentarius Austriacus. In 1907, a Codex Commission was installed by the Ministry of Interior, but it took about four years, from 1907 to 1911, before the first edition of this compendium was published. So far, four editions have followed. The Codex Alimentarius Austriacus is a set of standards and guidelines for stakeholders, authorities, and law courts as a base for their activities. It has evolved over the past 100 years to become a flexible instrument, which has become indispensable for Austria. After 1945, attempts were made in different parts of the world to develop standardized rules for the testing of food samples to prevent trade barriers within the respective region. In Europe for instance, the development of a Codex Alimentarius Europaeus initiated by the Austrian Hans Frenzel, and based upon the model of the Codex Alimentarius Austriacus, made good progress. A number of other European countries were involved in this project. However, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) of the United Nations were intent on impeding such regional activities to prevent trade barriers at a global level. Between 1960 and 1963, steps were taken to install a FAO/WHO Codex partly in close cooperation with the Codex Alimentarius Europaeus. Since 1963, the FAO/WHO Codex Commission has issued the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius, which took its name and some organizational aspects from Codex Alimentarius Europaeus, that was itself modeled after the Codex Alimentarius Austriacus. The Codex Alimentarius Europaeus was incorporated into the Codex Alimentarius Commission as the regional coordinating committee for Europe, thus providing a model for the six regional coordination committees of the Codex Alimentarius Commission existing today.
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LeJeune, Jeffrey T., Kang Zhou, Christine Kopko, and Haruka Igarashi. "FAO/WHO Joint Expert Meeting on Microbiological Risk Assessment (JEMRA): Twenty Years of International Microbiological Risk Assessment." Foods 10, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081873.

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Since the late 1990s, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and the World Health Organization (WHO) has convened expert meetings and consultations to address the microbiological risk assessment (MRA). These meetings are held to provide scientific advice in response to requests for from Codex Alimentarius, the international food standard-setting body. Individuals participate in the FAO/WHO joint expert meetings on the microbiological risk assessment (JEMRA) in their personal capacity, as technical experts, yet bring diverse regional and national perspectives that contribute to practical applications, particularly for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Over 370 experts from around the globe have contributed to the meeting outcomes that have been published in nearly 40 monographs in the FAO/WHO microbial risk assessment (MRA) series, addressing particular food commodities with microbial hazard(s) combinations or a methodological aspect of microbial risk assessment. FAO/WHO MRA series inform Codex decision-making for the development of international standards for safe food and faire trade in food products; are consulted by risk managers such as food safety authorities and food business operators to make science-based decisions; and are used by academics to advance food safety research and educate the next generation of food safety professionals.
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SDEPANIAN, Vera Lucia, Isabel Cristina Affonso SCALETSKY, Mauro Batista de MORAIS, and Ulysses FAGUNDES-NETO. "Pesquisa de gliadina em medicamentos: informação relevante para a orientação de pacientes com doença celíaca." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 38, no. 3 (September 2001): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032001000300007.

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Racional — Alguns medicamentos podem conter gliadina, portanto, sua utilização poderá ser prejudicial aos pacientes com doença celíaca. Objetivo - Detectar a presença de gliadina em medicamentos comumente comercializados no Brasil. Métodos - Foram analisados 78 medicamentos sorteados a partir de uma lista de 180 produtos comumente comercializados. Os medicamentos analisados foram: analgésicos (n = 9), anti-helmínticos (n = 3), antiácidos (n = 8), antibióticos (n = 13), anticolesterolêmicos (n = 1), anticonvulsivantes (n = 2), antidepressivos (n = 2), antidiabéticos (n = 1), antieméticos (n = 3), anti-hipertensivos (n = 3), anti-histamínicos (n = 3), antiinflamatórios (n = 7), antitérmicos (n = 2), broncodilatadores (n = 1), descongestionantes (n = 4), laxantes (n = 1), contraceptivos orais (n = 5) e vitaminas (n = 10). As amostras foram analisadas pela técnica de ELISA utilizando anticorpo monoclonal ômega-gliadina, considerada de eleição segundo o Codex Alimentarius Commission WHO/FAO. Todas as amostras foram analisadas em duplicata. O nível de detecção do teste é de 4 mg de gliadina/100 g de produto. Resultados - Dentre os 78 medicamentos analisados, em apenas 1 (1,3%) foi detectada a presença de gliadina (5,5 mg/100 g). O componente ativo do medicamento é ranitidina. De acordo com o Codex Alimentarius Commission WHO/FAO, o limite máximo diário permitido ao consumo pelos indivíduos com doença celíaca é igual a 10 mg de gliadina. Considerando a quantidade de gliadina num único comprimido de ranitidina, a quantidade ingerida seria bem menor do que a máxima permitida ao consumo pelo paciente com doença celíaca. Conclusões - Neste estudo não foi identificada gliadina em medicamentos em quantidade que constitua risco para pacientes com doença celíaca.
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Gumienna, Małgorzata, and Barbara Górna. "Gluten hypersensitivities and their impact on the production of gluten-free beer." European Food Research and Technology 246, no. 11 (August 6, 2020): 2147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-020-03579-9.

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Abstract This article consists of a study of the literature and an assessment of available data on the production of gluten-free beer and its constituents. The article shows how the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission for Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses defines celiac disease, gluten-free products, and gluten-free beer. It describes diet-dependent diseases, which require a gluten-free diet, and groups of potential consumers of gluten-free beer. This article describes the use of oats as a raw material for the production of brewing malt and its usefulness in the production of beer. It specifies how the technological process of standard beer production needs to be modified so that the product meets the requirements of patients with celiac disease. The article also provides an overview of literature data on the production of gluten-free beer from pseudocereal malts, such as sorghum malt, buckwheat malt, amaranth malt, and quinoa malt.
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Ogbonna, P. C., O. O. Osim, and E. Biose. "Determination of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil and Accumulation in Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) in Automobile Waste Dumpsite at Ohiya Mechanic Village." Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology 4, no. 1 (March 2020): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2020.01.0173.

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Human health challenges resulting from consumption of food contaminated by heavy metals necessitated the investigation of soil and cassava plants around automobile waste dumpsite at Ohiya mechanic village, Abia State, Nigeria. Soil and cassava samples collected randomly at the site were analyzed for cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr). The values of highest concentration of Cu and Pb in soil was recorded in 0-10 cm, Cr was obtained in 21-30 cm while Cd was in 11-20 cm soil depth. The concentration of Cd (0.11±0.00 to 0.26±0.00 mg/kg) in soil exceed maximum permitted level of 0.1 mg/kg (Cd) by FAO/WHO. The concentration of Pb (0.01±0.001 to 3.24±0.00 mg/kg) and Cd (0.07±0.00 to 2.08±0.00 mg/kg) in cassava plants exceed the permissible limit of 0.3 mg/kg (Pb) and 0.2 mg/kg (Cd) set by FAO/WHO. The Pearson correlation analysis show very strong positive relationship between Cu and Cu (r=0.996) and Pb and Pb (r=0.986) while strong negative relationship exist between Cr and Cr (r= -0.686) and Cd and Cd (r= -0.981) in soil and plant. Based on our findings, the concentrations of Cd in soil vis-à-vis Pb and Cd in plants which exceed maximum permitted level set by Codex Alimentarius Commission FAO/WHO will expose man and animals that relied on soil and cassava plants for food to serious health risks. Consequently, Abia State government should prevent farmers’ access to the site by fencing round the automobile waste dumpsite.
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Ogbonna, P. C., E. C. Nzegbule, K. O. Obasi, and H. Obasi. "Heavy Metals in Soil and Accumulation in Medicinal Plants at an Industrial Area in Enyimba city, Abia State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology 2, no. 1 (March 2018): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2018.01.0067.

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The study assessed heavy metals in the soil and subsequent accumulation in plants at an industrial site at Enyimba city, Abia State, Nigeria. Soil and medicinal plant samples were analyzed for zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The highest concentration of Zn (142.06 ± 2.91 mg/kg), Pb (18.06 ± 1.30 mg/kg) and Cd (27.055 ± 2.468 mg/kg) were obtained at the sampling points of 2, 7 and 5, respectively. The highest concentrations of Zn (27.09 ± 1.44 mg/kg) and Cd (2.000 ± 0.156 mg/kg) were accumulated by Azadiractha indica while the highest concentration of Pb (4.58 ± 0.51 mg/kg) was accumulated by Mangifera indica. The levels of Zn and Cd in soil were 13.77 ± 1.35 to 142.06 ± 2.91 and 0.695 ± 0.106 to 27.055 ± 2.468, and their concentrations in Azadiractha indica were 5.06 ± 0.35 to 27.09 ± 1.44 and 0.002 ± 0.001 to 2.000 ± 0.156 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of Zn and Cd in soil and Cd in Azadiractha indica reflected a state of pollution relative to Dutch criteria for soil and the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission for soil and herbal plants.
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Žikić, Dragan, Slobodan Stojanović, and Gordana Ušćebrka. "INTERNATIONAL REGULATION AND STANDARDS IN FOOD SAFETY." International Journal "Advanced Quality" 44, no. 4 (March 11, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25137/ijaq.n4.v44.y2016.p33-36.

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The food production in the past period was mainly quantity-oriented. Nowadays the food production is transformed into an international System of Quality, implying production of food that has preserved its identity. This change has been caused by often incidents (Salmonella, BSE, E. coli O157:H7, dioxin), and these incidents were caused by interruption of food-safety chain. International organizations (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations - FAO, World Health Organization - WHO, Office International des Epizooties - OIE, Codex Alimentarius Commission - CAC, International Organization for Standardization – ISO), on the basis of latest science acknowledgements, submitted new recommendations and standards of food-safety, with emphasis on integrated approach in development and applying of standards of food-safety as opportunity to access to global world market. By the other hand, high requests from developed countries could result in perplexity ‘standards as barriers’ and ‘standards as catalysts’ in the context of food safety standards in international trade in agricultural and food products. This paper explores the food safety concept through international regulation and food safety standards.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission"

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Ramsingh, Brigit Lee Naida. "The History of International Food Safety Standards and the Codex alimentarius (1955-1995)." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/42553.

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Following the Second World War, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) teamed up to construct an international Codex Alimentarius (or “food code”) in 1962. Inspired by the work of its European predecessor, the Codex Europaeus, these two UN agencies assembled teams of health professionals, government civil servants, medical and scientific experts to draft food standards. Once ratified, the standards were distributed to governments for voluntary adoption and implementation. By the mid-1990s, the World Trade Organization (WTO) identified the Codex as a key reference point for scientific food standards. The role of science within this highly political and economic organization poses interesting questions about the process of knowledge production and the scientific expertise underpinning the food standards. Standards were constructed and contested according to the Codex twin goals of: (1) protecting public health, and (2) facilitating trade. One recent criticism of Codex is that these two aims are opposed, or that one is given primacy over the other, which results in protectionism. Bearing these themes in mind, in this dissertation I examine the relationship between the scientific and the ‘social’ elements embodied by the Codex food standards since its inception after the Second World War. I argue that these attempts to reach scientific standards represent an example of coproduction– one in which the natural and social orders are produced alongside each other. What follows from this central claim is an attempt to characterize the pre-WTO years of the Codex through a case study approach. The narrative begins with a description of the predecessor regional group the Codex europaeus, and then proceeds to key areas affecting human health: 1) food additives, 2) food hygiene, and 3) pesticides residues.
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Books on the topic "Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission"

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Commission, Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius. Codex Alimentarius Commission procedural manual. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization, 2003.

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Commission, Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius. Introduction Codex alimentarius. [Rome?]: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1987.

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Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. Codex Alimentarius Commission: Procedural manual. Rome: World Health Organization, 2005.

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Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission and Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. Codex Alimentarius Commission: Procedural manual. Rome: World Health Organization, 2007.

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Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission and Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. Codex Alimentarius Commission: Procedural manual. Rome: World Health Organization, 2006.

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Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. Report of the nineteenth session of the Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission, Rome, 1-10 July 1991. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1991.

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The Codex Alimentarius Commission and its standards. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2007.

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Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., and World Health Organization, eds. Codex alimentarius. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2004.

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Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. Codex alimentarius. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2001.

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Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. Codex alimentarius. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission"

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Heilandt, T., CA Mulholland, and M. Younes. "Institutions Involved in Food Safety: FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC)." In Encyclopedia of Food Safety, 345–53. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-378612-8.00006-8.

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