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Journal articles on the topic 'Joint forces'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Harl, Boštjan. "Probabilistic behaviour of joints on joint forces in mechanisms." Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette 22, no. 1 (2015): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17559/tv-20131023220214.

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2

Zhou, Dongbo, Kotaro Tadano, and Daisuke Haraguchi. "Motion Control and External Force Estimation of a Pneumatically Driven Multi-DOF Robotic Forceps." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (2020): 3679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113679.

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Robotic forceps with a rigid-link joint mechanism is orthodox for current robotic-assisted surgery systems. However, external force estimation without force sensors during operations is difficult for such electrically driven forceps. This work introduces a pneumatically driven multi-DOF (DOF: degree of freedom) forceps using a rigid-link mechanism with less interference of the wire drive between joints and realizes external force estimation by utilizing high back-drivability of pneumatic cylinders. We developed a position controller with dynamic compensation of the mechanical friction, in whic

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3

Schreck, Michael J., Meghan Kelly, Colin D. Canham, and John C. Elfar. "Techniques of Force and Pressure Measurement in the Small Joints of the Wrist." HAND 13, no. 1 (2017): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944716688529.

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Background: The alteration of forces across joints can result in instability and subsequent disability. Previous methods of force measurements such as pressure-sensitive films, load cells, and pressure-sensing transducers have been utilized to estimate biomechanical forces across joints and more recent studies have utilized a nondestructive method that allows for assessment of joint forces under ligamentous restraints. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to explore the numerous biomechanical methods utilized to estimate intra-articular forces. Results: Methods of bi

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4

Christian ; Anastasia Maurina, Kenny. "EVALUASI SAMBUNGAN MUR-BAUT STRUKTUR PORTAL TRUSS “THE GREAT HALL” OBI ECO CAMPUS - JATILUHUR." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 2, no. 03 (2018): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v2i03.2949.317-334.

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Abstract- Bolt joint is one of the common joineries in a modern bamboo construction. The usage of the bolt joints in bamboo joinery are believed to be the most efficient therefore the bolt joint was used regardless of the various kind of different forces in every bamboo joinery. One of the disadvantage of the bolt joints in bamboo construction in the force that flow parallel to the bamboo fibers therefore some of joineries needed to be strengthen to prevent the joinery failure. The Great Hall OBI Eco Campus is one of the building which the joineries entirely connected by the bolt joints, throu

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Witte, Hartmut, Jutta Biltzinger, Rémi Hackert, et al. "Torque patterns of the limbs of small therian mammals during locomotion on flat ground." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 9 (2002): 1339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.9.1339.

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SUMMARY In three species of small therian mammals (Scandentia: Tupaia glis, Rodentia: Galea musteloides and Lagomorpha: Ochotona rufescens) the net joint forces and torques acting during stance phase in the four kinematically relevant joints of the forelimbs (scapular pivot,shoulder joint, elbow joint, wrist joint) and the hindlimbs (hip joint, knee joint, ankle joint, intratarsal joint) were determined by inverse dynamic analysis. Kinematics were measured by cineradiography (150 frames s-1). Synchronously ground reaction forces were acquired by forceplates. Morphometry of the extremities was

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Chen, Chao, Huiyang Zhang, Hao Peng, Xiangkun Ran, and Qing Pan. "Investigation of the Restored Joint for Aluminum Alloy." Metals 10, no. 1 (2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10010097.

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In recent years, the mechanical clinching method plays an increasingly important role in the building of thin-walled structures. The clinched joint can be employed to join the lightweight materials. Compared with other joining methods, the clinched joint has better mechanical behavior. However, the clinched joint may be deformed during use when it bears a high shear force. In this research, a process to join aluminum alloy and restore deformed joint was proposed and investigated. The clinched joint was deformed in the deforming process. Then, a customized rivet and two flat restoring tools wer

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Breloff, Scott P., and Li-Shan Chou. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL MULTI-SEGMENTED SPINE JOINT REACTION FORCES DURING COMMON WORKPLACE PHYSICAL DEMANDS/ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 29, no. 04 (2017): 1750025. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237217500259.

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Objective: The quantification of inter-segmental spine joint reaction forces during common workplace physical demands. Background: Many spine reaction force models have focused on the L5/S1 or L4/L5 joints to quantify the vertebral joint reaction forces. However, the L5/S1 or L4/L5 approach neglects most of the intervertebral joints. Methods: The current study presents a clinically applicable and noninvasive model which calculates the spinal joint reaction forces at six different regions of the spine. Subjects completed four ambulatory activities of daily living: level walking, obstacle crossi

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8

Mason, J. J., F. Leszko, T. Johnson, and R. D. Komistek. "Patellofemoral joint forces." Journal of Biomechanics 41, no. 11 (2008): 2337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.04.039.

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9

Schindler, H. J., S. Rues, J. C. Türp, K. Schweizerhof, and J. Lenz. "Jaw Clenching: Muscle and Joint Forces, Optimization Strategies." Journal of Dental Research 86, no. 9 (2007): 843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910708600907.

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Realistic masticatory muscle and temporomandibular joint forces generated during bilateral jaw clenching are largely unknown. To determine which clenching directions load masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints most heavily, we investigated muscle and joint forces based on feedback-controlled electromyograms of all jaw muscles, lines of action, geometrical data from the skull, and physiological cross-sectional areas acquired from the same individuals. To identify possible motor control strategies, we applied objective functions. The medial pterygoid turned out to be the most heavily l

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10

Usherwood, James R., and Michael C. Granatosky. "Limb work and joint work minimization reveal an energetic benefit to the elbows-back, knees-forward limb design in parasagittal quadrupeds." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1940 (2020): 20201517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1517.

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Quadrupedal animal locomotion is energetically costly. We explore two forms of mechanical work that may be relevant in imposing these physiological demands. Limb work, due to the forces and velocities between the stance foot and the centre of mass, could theoretically be zero given vertical limb forces and horizontal centre of mass path. To prevent pitching, skewed vertical force profiles would then be required, with forelimb forces high in late stance and hindlimb forces high in early stance. By contrast, joint work—the positive mechanical work performed by the limb joints—would be reduced wi

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11

Dien, Nguyen Phong, and Nguyen Van Khang. "Dynamic force analysis of a six-link planar mechanism under consideration of friction at the joints." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 26, no. 2 (2004): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/26/2/5690.

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The dynamic analysis of mechanisms with joints friction is complex since the frictional force depends nonlinearly on the resultant reactive force between the two mating surfaces of the joint. In this paper a non-iterative approximate method is used for determining the joint reaction forces and the driving torque of mechanisms is considered. By using the computing program MATLAB the dynamic forces of a six-link planar mechanism are calculated with this method.

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12

Drapała, Krzysztof, Kazimierz Pulaski, and Wojciech Blajer. "THE INFLUENCE OF ACTUATION MODELING ON THE ASSESSED JOINT REACTIONS IN BIOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 20, no. 3 (2013): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2013-0016.

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Abstract Introduction. Human body biomechanical models are actuated either by net torques at the joints or individual muscle forces whose action around the joints results, by principle, in the net torques. In the model-based inverse dynamics simulation of human movements the assessed joint reactions depend substantially on the choice of the actuation model, which is discussed in the paper. Material and methods. Using the two actuation models, variant biomechanical models of the lower limb, decomposed from the whole human body, were developed. They were then used for the inverse dynamics simula

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13

Aizawa, Koki, Daisuke Haraguchi, and Kotaro Tadano. "Load Reduction Control on Tool-Insertion Port for Laparoscopic Surgical Robot Using Semi-Active Joints." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 32, no. 5 (2020): 1000–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2020.p1000.

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In robotic surgery, the load exerted on the insertion port in the patient’s abdominal wall due to misalignment of the robot’s remote center of motion and the insertion port or external forces acting on the tip of the forceps during surgery, can not only stress the patient’s body but also increase the friction between the robotic forceps and the trocar, and adversely affect fine surgical manipulations or the accuracy of force estimation. To reduce such loads on the insertion port in robotic surgery, this study proposes a control method for a surgical assist robotic arm with semi-active joints.

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14

Seo, Min Jwa, and Hyeon Ki Choi. "Joint Reaction Forces during the Recovery of Postural Balance of Human Body." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 2308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.2308.

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The purpose of this study was to calculate three dimensional angular displacements, moments and joint reaction forces (JRF) of the ankle joint during the waist pulling, and to assess the ankle JRF according to different perturbation modes and different levels of perturbation magnitude. Ankle joint model was assumed 3-D ball and socket joint which is capable of three rotational movements. We used 6 camera motion analysis system, force plate and waist pulling system. Two different waist pulling systems were adopted for forward sway with three magnitudes each. From motion data and ground reaction

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15

Feng, B., N. Morita, and T. Torii. "A New Optimization Method for Dynamic Design of Planar Linkage With Clearances at Joints—Optimizing the Mass Distribution of Links to Reduce the Change of Joint Forces." Journal of Mechanical Design 124, no. 1 (1999): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1425393.

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This paper presents a new optimization method for dynamic design of planar linkage with clearances at joints. The general consideration is to optimize the mass distribution of links to reduce the change of joint forces. The mass, the center position of mass and the moment of inertia the moving links are taken as the optimizing variables. The objective functions are taken as the changes of the amplitude and direction of the joint forces and they are minimized. The optimized result shows that the magnitude of joint force can be controlled hardly to change and the direction of joint force can be

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16

Jurj, Lenard, Radu Saulescu, and Radu Velicu. "Sprocket - Silent Chain Force Distribution with the Influence of Friction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 880 (March 2018): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.880.21.

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The aim of this paper is to define and to analyse the theoretical contact forces that appear in a sprocket - silent chain joint. The contact force between the links and the teeth flanks of the sprocket can be considered as a reaction to the axial force in chain (tensioning force), transmitted throughout the pin - links joints. Friction forces will be considered in the joints and in the link - sprocket joints, which will be defined by the corresponding friction angles. The centrifugal force is also considered. This paper is presenting the steps to obtain the analytical model for the forces from

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17

Gilman, C. "PASSIVE-AGGRESSIVE JOINT FORCES." Journal of Experimental Biology 216, no. 23 (2013): vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.084533.

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18

Sanchez-Palencia, Laurent. "Joint forces against disorder." Nature Physics 6, no. 5 (2010): 328–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys1662.

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19

Karduna, A. R., G. R. Williams, J. P. Iannotti, and J. L. Williams. "Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Biomechanics: A Study of the Forces and Strains at the Glenoid Component." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 120, no. 1 (1998): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834312.

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The objective of this study was to examine how changes in glenohumeral joint conformity and loading patterns affected the forces and strains developed at the glenoid. After removal of soft tissue (muscles, ligaments, and labrum), force-displacement data were collected for both natural and prosthetically reconstructed joints. Joints were shown to develop higher forces for a given translation as joint conformity increased. A rigid body model of joint contact forces was used to determined the so-called effective radial mismatch of each joint. For the purposes of this study, the effective radial m

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20

Liao, Bing, Yong Feng Luo, and Xiao Nong Guo. "Experiment of the SCT Joint under Complicated Loading." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.607.

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A radial-circle-lined grid shell, its height changed step by step in the radial direction, is adopted in the roof steel structure of the Citizen Water Sports Center in Jiangyin, China. And the Spatial Crossing Tubular (SCT) joint is used for the connection of pipe members. Because the force transmission in the roof structure is different from the traditional truss structure, a lot of SCT joints are in a complicated loading state. The joint forces include axial forces and in/out-of-plane moments. To investigate the mechanical behavior and the load-bearing capacity of a typical SCT joint in such

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21

Wang, Gang, and Zhaohui Qi. "Approximate determination of the joint reaction forces in the drive system with double universal joints." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 7 (2017): 1191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217702681.

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In this study, a drive system connected by rolling bearings and double universal joints is modeled as a closed-loop multibody system. Because of the existence of redundant constraints, the joint reaction forces cannot be determined uniquely through dynamic analysis. Based on the physical mechanism where the joint reaction forces are the resultants of contact forces at the joint definition point, a methodology of frictionless contact analysis is presented to identify joint reaction forces. In terms of D’Alembert’s principle, the dynamic equations of constrained multibody systems are equivalent

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22

Colborne, G. R. "Are sound dogs mechanically symmetric at trot?" Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 21, no. 03 (2008): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1617375.

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SummaryA two-year-old, sound Labrador Retriever was determined to be ’right hind limb dominant’ by comparison of total hind limb moments of support using inverse dynamics. Net joint moments at the hip, tarsal and metatarsophalangeal joints were larger on the right side. Vertical joint reaction forces at the stifle were larger on the right, and horizontal stifle joint reaction forces were smaller on the right. The crus segment was more cranially inclined on the right side through most of stance, but the angle of the resultant stifle joint reaction force vector against the long axis of the crus

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23

Chen, D. C., A. A. Shabana, and J. Rismantab-Sany. "Generalized Constraint and Joint Reaction Forces in the Inverse Dynamics of Spatial Flexible Mechanical Systems." Journal of Mechanical Design 116, no. 3 (1994): 777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919450.

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In both the augmented and recursive formulations of the dynamic equations of flexible mechanical systems, the inerita, constraints, and applied forces must be properly defined. The inverse dynamics is a commonly used approach for the force analysis of mechanical systems. In this approach, the system is kinematically driven using specified motion trajectories, and the objective is to determine the driving forces and torques. In flexible body dynamics, however, a force that acts at a point on the deformable body is equipollent to a system, defined at another point, that consists of the same forc

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24

Biscarini, Andrea. "Non-Slender n-Link Chain Driven by Single-Joint and Multi-joint Muscle Actuators: Closed-Form Dynamic Equations and Joint Reaction Forces." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (2021): 6860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156860.

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The author has derived the closed-form dynamic equations for a planar musculoskeletal chain composed of a generic number n of rigid links connected by ideal revolute joints. Single-joint and multi-joint muscles have been modeled as linear force actuators that can span from one joint to all the joints of the chain. The generic shape and size of each individual link of the chain accounts for different alignments among the center of mass of the link, the centers of rotation of the joints that articulate the link with its neighbors, and the points of application of the muscle forces and the possib

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Weinhandl, Joshua T., Bobbie S. Irmischer, and Zachary A. Sievert. "Effects of Gait Speed of Femoroacetabular Joint Forces." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6432969.

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Alterations in hip joint loading have been associated with diseases such as arthritis and osteoporosis. Understanding the relationship between gait speed and hip joint loading in healthy hips may illuminate changes in gait mechanics as walking speed deviates from preferred. The purpose of this study was to quantify hip joint loading during the gait cycle and identify differences with varying speed using musculoskeletal modeling. Ten, healthy, physically active individuals performed walking trials at their preferred speed, 10% faster, and 10% slower. Kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic da

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26

Andrews, J. G., and C. K. Cheng. "The Joint Distribution Problem With Multiple Articular Contact Forces." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 112, no. 3 (1990): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2891197.

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The single joint distribution problem with two or more unknown bony contact forces is considered, and an optimal solution procedure free of ad hoc assumptions is described. If two bony contact forces are present, a strictly muscle force dependent equality constraint exists that allows for initial independent estimation of muscle forces, followed by unique estimation of all bony contact force components perpendicular to the straight line connecting their known points of application. However, if three or more bony contact forces are present, no strictly muscle force dependent equality constraint

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27

Urbonas, Kestutis, and Alfonsas Daniūnas. "COMPONENT METHOD EXTENSION TO STEEL BEAM‐TO‐BEAM AND BEAM‐TO‐COLUMN KNEE JOINTS UNDER BENDING AND AXIAL FORCES." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 11, no. 3 (2005): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2005.9636353.

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This paper presents an analysis of semi‐rigid beam‐to‐beam end‐plate bolted and beam‐to‐column end‐plate bolted knee joints that are subjected to bending and tension or compression axial force. Usually the influence of axial force on joint rigidity is neglected. According to EC3, the axial load, which is less than 10 % of plastic resistance of the connected member under axial force, may be disregarded in the design of joint. Actually the level of axial forces in joints of structures may be significant and has a significant influence on joint rigidity. One of the most popular practical method p

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28

Beards, C. F., and A. Woowat. "The Control of Frame Vibration by Friction Damping in Joints." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 107, no. 1 (1985): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3274711.

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Some effects of friction damping occurring in joints on the frequency response of a portal frame are presented and discussed. The frame was designed so that the joint clamping forces could be varied, allowing some control of the friction damping caused by interfacial slip in the joints. It was found that a joint clamping force less than that required to tightly fasten a joint gave a minimum frame response: reducing the clamping force from 15 kN to 320 N caused a reduction in frame response of 21 dB. Some changes in resonance frequencies were also observed.

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29

Hu, Jiayu, Zhenxian Chen, Hua Xin, Qida Zhang, and Zhongmin Jin. "Musculoskeletal multibody dynamics simulation of the contact mechanics and kinematics of a natural knee joint during a walking cycle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 232, no. 5 (2018): 508–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411918767695.

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Detailed knowledge of the in vivo loading and kinematics in the knee joint is essential to understand its normal functions and the aetiology of osteoarthritis. Computer models provide a viable non-invasive solution for estimating joint loading and kinematics during different physiological activities. However, the joint loading and kinematics of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints during a gait cycle were not typically investigated concurrently in previous computational simulations. In this study, a natural knee architecture was incorporated into a lower extremity musculoskeletal multibo

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30

Bergmann, G., F. Graichen, and A. Rohlmann. "Hip joint forces in sheep." Journal of Biomechanics 32, no. 8 (1999): 769–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(99)00068-8.

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31

Rusu, Lucian, Cosmina Vigaru, and Dan Ioan Stoia. "Determining the Reaction Forces and Torques that Appeared in the Ankle Joint during Normal Walking." Applied Mechanics and Materials 801 (October 2015): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.801.257.

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The human body is a very complex system which is studied by doctors but also by engineers. The human motion analysis is an important topic in the biomechanical field. It is essential to determine the forces and torques that appears in joints during daily activities for the development of implants and prosthesis. The goal of this paper is to establish time variation of force and torque in the human ankle joint during one walking step. For this experiment we used two equipments witch record the ground reaction force respectively the angular motion for the ankle joint. Based on these measurements

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32

Becker, Joanne, Emmanuel Mermoz, and Jean-Marc Linares. "Determination of biological joint reaction forces from in-vivo experiments using a hybrid combination of biomechanical and mechanical engineering software." Mechanics & Industry 21, no. 6 (2020): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2020088.

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In biomechanical field, several studies used OpenSim software to compute the joint reaction forces from kinematics and ground reaction forces measurements. The bio-inspired joints design and their manufacturing need the usage of mechanical modeling and simulation software tools. This paper proposes a new hybrid methodology to determine biological joint reaction forces from in vivo measurements using both biomechanical and mechanical engineering softwares. The methodology has been applied to the horse forelimb joints. The computed joint reaction forces results would be compared to the results o

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Dhaher, Yasin Y., and Leonard E. Kahn. "The Effect of Vastus Medialis Forces on Patello-femoral Contact: A Model-based Study." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 124, no. 6 (2002): 758–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1516196.

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A mathematical model of the patello-femoral joint was introduced to investigate the impact of the vastus medialis (longus, obliquus) forces on the lateral contact force levels. In the model, the quadriceps were represented as five separate forces: vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris, vastus medialis longus (VML), and obliquus (VMO). By varying the relative force generation ratios of the quadriceps heads, the patello-femoral contact forces were estimated. We sought to analytically determine the range of forces in the VMO and VML that cause a reduction or an increase of lateral

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Hurley, G. R. B., R. McKenney, M. Robinson, M. Zadravec, and M. R. Pierrynowski. "The role of the contralateral limb in below-knee amputee gait." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 14, no. 1 (1990): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093649009080314.

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Very little quantitative biomechanical research has been carried out evaluating issues relevant to prosthetic management. The literature available suggests that amputees may demonstrate an asymmetrical gait pattern. Furthermore, studies suggest that the forces occurring during amputee gait may be unequally distributed between the contralateral and prosthetic lower limbs/This study investigates the role of the contralateral limb in amputee gait by determining lower limb joint reaction forces and symmetry of motion in an amputee and non-amputee population. Seven adult below-knee amputees and fou

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Dallmann, Chris J., Volker Dürr, and Josef Schmitz. "Joint torques in a freely walking insect reveal distinct functions of leg joints in propulsion and posture control." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1823 (2016): 20151708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1708.

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Determining the mechanical output of limb joints is critical for understanding the control of complex motor behaviours such as walking. In the case of insect walking, the neural infrastructure for single-joint control is well described. However, a detailed description of the motor output in form of time-varying joint torques is lacking. Here, we determine joint torques in the stick insect to identify leg joint function in the control of body height and propulsion. Torques were determined by measuring whole-body kinematics and ground reaction forces in freely walking animals. We demonstrate tha

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Li, Bo, San-Min Wang, Viliam Makis, and Xiang-Zhen Xue. "Dynamic characteristics of planar linear array deployable structure based on scissor-like element with differently located revolute clearance joints." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 10 (2017): 1759–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217710277.

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This paper comprehensively investigates the parametric effects of differently located revolute clearance joints on the dynamic behavior of planar deployable structure based on scissor-like element. Considering the real physical mechanical joints, the normal and the tangential forces in the revolute clearance joints are respectively modeled using Flores contact-force model and LuGre friction model. The resulting forces and moments are embedded in the equations of motion of the scissor deployable structure for accurately describing the effect of joint clearance and governing the dynamic response

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Masumoto, Junya, and Nobuyuki Inui. "Two heads are better than one: both complementary and synchronous strategies facilitate joint action." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 5 (2013): 1307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00776.2012.

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If two people lift and carry an object, they not only produce complementary forces on the object but also walk in synchrony. Previous studies have not examined how two types of coordination strategy are adopted simultaneously. The present study thus tested the hypothesis that complementary and synchronous strategies simultaneously facilitate the action coordination performed by two people. Ten pairs of participants produced periodic isometric forces such that the sum of forces they produced was the target force cycling between 5% and 10% of maximum voluntary contraction with an interval of 1,0

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Ji, Jiancheng, Shuai Guo, and Fengfeng (Jeff) Xi. "Force Analysis and Evaluation of a Pelvic Support Walking Robot with Joint Compliance." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2018 (November 28, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9235023.

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The force analysis of a pelvic support walking robot with joint compliance is discussed in this paper. During gait training, pelvic motions of hemiplegic patients may be excessively large or out of control; however, restriction of pelvic motions is not likely to facilitate successful rehabilitation. A robot-assisted pelvic balance trainer (RAPBT) is proposed to help patients control the range of motion via force field, and force analysis is necessary for the control of the compliant joints. Thus, kinematic model and static model are developed to derive the Jacobian and the relation between the

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39

Fujie, Hiromichi, Kiyoshi Mabuchi, Savio L. Y. Woo, Glen A. Livesay, Shinji Arai, and Yukio Tsukamoto. "The Use of Robotics Technology to Study Human Joint Kinematics: A New Methodology." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 115, no. 3 (1993): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895477.

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Robotics technologies have been modified to control and measure both the force and position of synovial joints for the study of joint kinematics. One such system was developed to perform kinematic testing of a human joint. A 6-axis articulated robotic manipulator with 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) of motion was designed and constructed; a mathematical description for joint force and position was devised; and hardware and software to control forces applied to the joint, as well as position of the joint, were developed. The new methodology was utilized to simulate physiological loading conditions a

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Choi, Jin Ho, Young Hwan Lee, Jin Hwe Kweon, and Woo Seong Che. "Strength of Composite Laminated Bolted Joint Subjected to a Clamping Force." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1777.

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As these composites have become more popular, composite joint design has become a very important research area, as these joints are often the weakest parts of composite structures. In this paper, the strength of a composite laminated bolted joint being subjected to a clamping force was tested and predicted using the FAI (Failure Area Index) method. The strengths of composite joints subjected to clamping forces on different geometric shapes and dimensions were predicted using the FAI method, and the results were compared with experimental results. From the tests and analyses, the strength of a

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Qin, Haojie, Yuwen Li, and Xiong Xiong. "Workpiece Pose Optimization for Milling with Flexible-Joint Robots to Improve Quasi-Static Performance." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (2019): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061044.

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Although industrial robots are widely used in production automation, their applications in machining have been limited because of the structural vibrations induced by periodic cutting forces. Since the dynamic characteristics of an industrial robot depends on its configuration, the responses of the robot structure to the cutting forces are affected by how the workpiece is placed within the workspace of the robot. This paper presents a method for workpiece pose optimization for a robotic milling system to improve the quasi-static performance during machining. Since the milling forces are time-v

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Koblauch, Henrik, Thomas Heilskov-Hansen, Tine Alkjær, Erik B. Simonsen, and Marius Henriksen. "The Effect of Foot Progression Angle on Knee Joint Compression Force During Walking." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 29, no. 3 (2013): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.29.3.329.

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It is unclear how rotations of the lower limb affect the knee joint compression forces during walking. Increases in the frontal plane knee moment have been reported when walking with internally rotated feet and a decrease when walking with externally rotated feet. The aim of this study was to investigate the knee joint compressive forces during walking with internal, external and normal foot rotation and to determine if the frontal plane knee joint moment is an adequate surrogate for the compression forces in the medial and lateral knee joint compartments under such gait modifications. Ten hea

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Duong, Bien Xuan, My Anh Chu, and Khoi Bui Phan. "Inverse dynamic analyzing of flexible link manipulators with translational and rotational joints." Science and Technology Development Journal 20, K2 (2017): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v20ik2.447.

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Inverse dynamic problem analyzing of flexible link robot with translational and rotational joints is presented in this work. The new model is developed from single flexible link manipulator with only rotational joint. The dynamic equations are built by using finite element method and Lagrange approach. The approximate force of translational joint and torque of rotational joint are found based on rigid model. The simulation results show the values of driving forces at joints of flexible robot with desire path and errors of joint variables between flexible and rigid models. Elastic displacements

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Wierzcholski, Krzysztof. "DETERMINATION OF RANDOM FRICTION FORCES ON THE BIOLOGICAL SURFACES OF A HUMAN HIP JOINT WITH A PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER." Tribologia 284, no. 2 (2019): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4163.

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The paper presented concerns a new mathematical form of the stochastic theory of hydrodynamic friction forces occurring on real human hip joint surfaces with a phospholipids bilayer. This paper particularly presents a new review of stochastic analytical considerations realized by the authors for friction forces estimation during hydrodynamic lubrication of biological surfaces performed on the basis of the gap height measurements in the human hip joint. After numerous experimental measurements, it directly follows that the random unsymmetrical increments and decrements of the gap height of huma

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Shin, Dong Hwan, Tae Sang Park, Choong Pyo Jeong, Yoon Gu Kim, and Ji Nung An. "Study of Torsion Spring’s Parameters with Angular Type Grippers." Advanced Materials Research 502 (April 2012): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.502.355.

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Angular type grippers are proper to grip the small size material than linear type grippers (clamping). It is due to the grip force of angular type grippers separates to the normal and the opposite directional force to gravity forces, when the contact between the gripper tip and the gripped material occurs. Whereas, the linear type gripper with prismatic joint has only normal forces. Therefore, even less gripping force of angular type grippers than linear type can generate slip-less pick-and-place motions. But this angular type gripper has some restrictions. For generating the opposite directio

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Martelli, Saulo, Daniela Calvetti, Erkki Somersalo, and Marco Viceconti. "Stochastic modelling of muscle recruitment during activity." Interface Focus 5, no. 2 (2015): 20140094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2014.0094.

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Muscle forces can be selected from a space of muscle recruitment strategies that produce stable motion and variable muscle and joint forces. However, current optimization methods provide only a single muscle recruitment strategy. We modelled the spectrum of muscle recruitment strategies while walking. The equilibrium equations at the joints, muscle constraints, static optimization solutions and 15-channel electromyography (EMG) recordings for seven walking cycles were taken from earlier studies. The spectrum of muscle forces was calculated using Bayesian statistics and Markov chain Monte Carlo

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Choi, Hyeon Ki, Min Jwa Seo, Ja Choon Koo, Hyeon Chang Choi, and Won Hak Cho. "The Effects of Muscle Forces on Ankle Joint Kinetics during Postural Balance Control." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 871–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.871.

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We assessed the effects of muscle forces on ankle joint kinetics during postural balance control of human boy. Nine male subjects (mean age of 25.8 yrs) participated in the experiment. An ankle joint model assumed ball and socket joint was used, which was capable of three dimensional rotations. A six-camera VICON system was used for motion analysis. Waist pulling system and force platform were adopted for forward sway and GRF (ground reaction force) measurement. We used linear optimization programs to calculate the variation of muscle forces and angular displacements of shank and foot segments

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NADI, AZADEH, MOHAMMAD TAGHI KARIMI, FRANCIS FATOYE, and AZADEH JAFARI. "THE EFFECTS OF SCOLIOSIS ON SPINAL MUSCLES LENGTH AND JOINT CONTACT FORCES." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 18, no. 06 (2018): 1850022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519418500227.

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Background: Although there are a few studies on kinetic and kinematic parameters of scoliotic subjects, it is still controversial whether gait performance of scoliotic subjects differs from that of normal subjects or not. Moreover, there is lack of information regarding joint contact force of scoliotic on convex and concave sides. Therefore, this study examined these issues. Method: Two groups of children (healthy and children with scoliosis, each group consisting of 5 subjects) participated in this study. The force applied on leg and motions of body parts were evaluated using a Kistler force

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Nha, Kyung Wook, Ariunzaya Dorj, Jun Feng, et al. "Application of Computational Lower Extremity Model to Investigate Different Muscle Activities and Joint Force Patterns in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients during Walking." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/314280.

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Many experimental and computational studies have reported that osteoarthritis in the knee joint affects knee biomechanics, including joint kinematics, joint contact forces, and muscle activities, due to functional restriction and disability. In this study, differences in muscle activities and joint force patterns between knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients and normal subjects during walking were investigated using the inverse dynamic analysis with a lower extremity musculoskeletal model. Extensor/flexor muscle activations and torque ratios and the joint contact forces were compared between the O

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Martin, Heiner, Michael Stiehm, Ingmar Rinas, Niels Grabow, and Thomas Mittlmeier. "Testing of dynamic wrist joint external fixator mobility and reaction moment." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 4, no. 1 (2018): 447–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2018-0106.

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AbstractFor the investigation of reaction moments of wrist joint with external fixator, a test device was developed that allows a well-defined investigation of the joint loads during hand flexion movements. The reaction moments are considered as a measure for the joint loads due to the constraint forces, which occur with differences of the rotation axis of the fixator device from the physiological rotation axis of the wrist joint. The developed test device allows a dynamic momentum load application into the wrist by a servohydraulic testing machine. This testing device converts the force to a

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