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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Joint kinematics'
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1
List, Renate Barbara. "Joint kinematics of unconstrained ankle arthroplasties /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18404.
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Chang, Ryan 1978. "Lower limb joint kinematics of hockey skating." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78336.
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The purpose of this study was to describe various kinematic variables of the skating stride. A data set for five collegiate hockey players was completed (mean +/- SD: age = 22.0 +/- 1.0 years, height = 1.77 +/- 0.06 m, weight = 80.0 +/- 8.5 kg). Three velocities were examined on the skating treadmill: slow (12 km/hr), medium (18 km/hr) and fast (24 km/hr). Electrogoniometers at the hip (H), knee (K) and ankle (ANK) were used to acquire angular displacement and velocity profiles. A trend for increasing range of motion and a significant (p < 0.05) increase in stride rate was observed with speed. Movement patterns between subjects were consistent for the H and K with some variations at the ANK. The study concluded that skating speed was controlled by stride rate while movement profiles remained unchanged.
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Peck, Christopher Charles. "An assessment of condylar kinematics." Connect to full text, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4208.
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Thesis (M. Sc. Dent.)--University of Sydney, 1995.Includes tables. Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 16, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Powers, Marilyn Joy. "Human patellofemoral kinematics and related joint surface geometry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0015/MQ48068.pdf.
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Chen, Elvis Chai-Shin. "Three-dimensional joint kinematics of total knee replacements." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0004/MQ42595.pdf.
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Peck, Christopher. "An assessment of condylar kinematics." University of Sydney, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4208.
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Master of ScienceMost studies of condylar movement are based on the movement of an arbitrary condylar point. As the condyle is a 3-dimensional body which undergoes complex rotations and translations in function, the movement of one point in the vicinity of the condyle may not accurately represent condylar movement. The aims of this investigation were to determine in human subjects, during open-close and excursive jaw movements, the movement patterns of arbitrary and anatomical condylar points; and whether the trajectory of a single selected point can accurately reflect the movement of the condyle. In 44 subjects, condylar point movements were recorded with an opto-electronic tracking system (JAWS3D), which recoded the position of three light-emitting diodes attached to each dental arch. The primary point, selected to represent movement of the condyle, was 15 mm medial to the palpated lateral condylar pole, parallel to the Frankfort horizontal plane. Additionally, four points were selected along orthogonal axes in the sagittal plane, and four in the horizontal plane: each was 5 mm from the primary point. In two subjects, the mandibular condyles were imaged by computerised tomography (CT) and the lateral and medial poles, most superior, anterior and posterior points of their condyles were selected. The trajectories of each point were compared for each subject for the mandibular movements listed above. Variability in both path form and dimension was noted between the subjects for all mandibular movements. For example, in an open-close mandibular movement the condylar point translation varied in the antero-posterior direction between 1.8-22.8 mm, and in the supero-inferior direction between 4.5-12.1 mm. For each subject, the pathway of each point was different in form and dimension from that subject’s other condylar points for the open-close, and ipsilateral lateral mandibular movements. For the open-close movement, in only four of the 44 subjects were the arbitrary point traces similar in form within a subject; and the tracings of each subject’s condylar points showed, on average, a 3.2 mm difference in maximal horizontal (i.e. antero-posterior) translation and 2.9 mm in maximal vertical (i.e. supereo-inferior) translation. For contralateral lateral mandibular movements, the path form and dimension in the sagittal plane of the condylar points were similar within a subject; however the lateral component showed variability in path length for the different points within a subject. The pathways of the condylar points for a protrusive movement displayed the most similarity within a subject, with an average of 0.4 mm variation in maximal horizontal or vertical displacement between each subject’s arbitrary condylar points’ tracings. The anatomical condylar points of the two subjects showed variability between and within each subject. For these two subjects the trajectories of the arbitrary condylar points moved in directions similar to the anatomical points of all movements except for the ipsilateral lateral mandibular movement, where in one subject, the arbitrary condylar points moved posteriorly, inferiorly and laterally whereas the anatomical points moved anteriorly, inferiorly and laterally. There is much variability in both form and dimension for mandibular condylar movement between human subjects. There is also considerable variability within subjects in the form and dimension of condylar point movement, whether arbitrary or anatomical, depending on the point selected. By inference therefore, a single condylar point cannot accurately reflect the movement of the mandibular condyle, except perhaps for a protrusive mandibular movement. Multiple mandibular points are therefore required to describe the motion of the condyle. In an ipsilateral lateral mandibular movement, for example, an arbitrary point may move in a completely different direction to the mandibular condyle, and so anatomically derived condylar points should be utilised to assess accurately condylar movement.
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Allen, Joshua Ryan. "Upper extremity kinematics and joint coordination of fly-casting." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/allen/AllenJ0806.pdf.
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Woodburn, James. "Kinematics at the ankle joint complex in rheumatoid arthritis." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2000. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/753/.
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This thesis investigates the three-dimensional kinematics at the ankle joint complex in rheumatoid arthritis. Previous studies have identified the rearfoot as a common site for inflammatory activity in rheumatoid arthritis resulting in painful and disabling deformity for which there are no proven interventions. A generic electromagnetic tracking system was developed to undertake three-dimensional kinematics at the ankle joint complex in the bare and shod foot during gait. A joint simulator was designed, manufactured and commissioned in house to test the accuracy of the system. The results indicated errors of less than 1° in rotation and 1 mm in position measurements. Clinical testing of the measurement system was undertaken in both normal healthy adults and rheumatoid arthritis subjects. The technique was able to measure the characteristic three-dimensional kinematics for the ankle joint complex in the normal subjects and detected accurately abnormal angular rotations in the rheumatoid arthritis group. In both cohorts the within day repeatability of the measurements were good, and over a longer period data were stable in the rheumatoid arthritis group allowing the technique to be used in longitudinal studies. Finally, skin movement artefact where the electromagnetic sensor is attached on the heel was investigated using a magnetic resonance imaging technique and found to be less than 1° across the range of motion for the joint complex. Kinematic measurements were undertaken in two cohorts of rheumatoid arthritis subjects randomised to receive or not custom manufactured foot orthoses to correct early valgus heel deformity. The orthoses were constructed in rigid carbon graphite and modified to offer the correct degree of movement control for each patient. Kinematic data were compared between the rheumatoid arthritis groups and that measured from an age- and sex-matched healthy adult population. In both rheumatoid arthritis groups abnormal kinematics were easily detected with significant alteration of inversion/eversion and internal/external rotation. With foot orthoses the inversion/eversion angular rotations were almost fully restored to normal, but little effect was observed for internal/external rotation. The rheumatoid arthritis patients underwent repeat kinematic measurement over a period of 30-months. In the control group the angular rotations improved slightly from baseline, although in comparison with normal healthy population remained abnormal. In the intervention group the orthotic control of inversion/eversion was sustainable for 30 months. Furthermore, coupling between inversion/eversion and internal/external rotation was partially restored towards the end of the study. In barefoot walking the intervention group demonstrated a substantial correction of the deformity in the frontal plane. It was attempted to explain the results in terms of soft-tissue laxity and adaptation following correction of joint deformity. Three-dimensional kinematic measurements were also conducted at the knee and calcaneotalonavicular joint complex. Abnormal rotations and orthotic response were demonstrable at these joints but with less satisfactory results because of technical limitations of the measurement technique. Plantar pressure distribution was also studied using an in-shoe measurement technique. Custom designed orthoses were found to alter the pressure and force distribution at the interface with the foot. The largest effects were observed at the heel and midfoot regions and these were sustainable and significantly different from the non-intervention control group. The clinical effectiveness of the foot orthoses was also evaluated. A pragmatic randomised controlled trial was undertaken and serial measurements of foot pain and disability, using the Foot Function Index conducted at baseline and 3,6 12,18,24 and 30-months. The results revealed an immediate and significant reduction in foot pain and disability with foot orthoses. Minor adverse reactions were reported but overall comfort levels and compliance were high. The overall reduction in foot pain and disability was sustained up to 30 months.
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Wilson, David Robert. "Three-dimensional kinematics of the knee." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320163.
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Massimini, Daniel Frank. "Technique and application for quantifying dynamic shoulder joint kinematics and glenohumeral joint contact patterns." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87979.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The shoulder (glenohumeral) joint has the greatest range of motion of all human joints; as a result, it is particularly vulnerable to dislocation and injury. The ability to accurately measure dynamic in-vivo joint kinematics in 6-Degrees-of-Freedom (6-DOF) (translations and rotations) and subsequently quantify articular cartilage contact patterns of that joint has been and remains a difficult biomechanics problem. As a result, little is known about normal in-vivo glenohumeral joint contact patterns or the consequences of surgery on: shoulder joint kinematics, the soft tissue anatomy around the shoulder, and glenohumeral joint contact patterns. Additionally, the effect of quantifying glenohumeral joint contact patterns by means of proximity mapping, both with and without cartilage data is unknown. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis are to (1) describe and validate a noninvasive Dual Fluoroscopic Imaging System (DFIS) to measure dynamic shoulder joint motion; (2) describe a technique to quantify in-vivo glenohumeral joint contact patterns from the measured shoulder motion; (3) quantify normal glenohumeral joint contact patterns in the young healthy adult; (4) compare glenohumeral joint contact patterns determined both with and without articular cartilage data; and (5) demonstrate that the DFIS technique can evaluate the dynamic suprascapular nerve (a soft tissue around the shoulder) anatomy in 6-DOF in a proof of concept cadaveric model. Our results show that for the shoulder motion tested, glenohumeral joint contact was located on the anterior-inferior glenoid surface, and that the inclusion of articular cartilage data when quantifying in-vivo glenohumeral joint contact patterns has significant effects on the contact centroid location, the contact centroid range of travel, and the total contact path length. As a result, our technique offers an advantage over glenohumeral joint contact pattern measurement techniques that neglect articular cartilage data. Likewise, this technique may be more sensitive than traditional 6-DOF joint kinematics for the assessment of overall glenohumeral joint health. Lastly, in the proof of concept cadaveric model, we demonstrated that the DFIS technique can evaluate the dynamic suprascapular nerve anatomy in 6-DOF and that the anatomical course of the nerve may be altered by a rotator cuff tendon tear and subsequent to surgical intervention.
by Daniel Frank Massimini.
Ph. D.
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Mulligan, I. Jane. "A computational vision system for joint angle sensing." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28029.
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The research described was aimed at developing passive vision techniques to perform kinematic calibration for a multi-link manipulator, in near real time. Working with a single image of the arm of a Caterpillar excavator, edges are extracted first, then the constrained nature of the problem allows filtering of edge elements to select only those potentially arising from the arm. A model based matching process is performed on this refined data to determine the desired joint angles quickly and efficiently. Methods of exploiting the parallel nature of these techniques are also described.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
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Bull, Anthony Michael James. "Measurement and computer simulation of knee kinematics." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8379.
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Scattareggia, Marchese Sandro. "Sterno-clavicular kinematics : a new measurement system." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/864.
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The study of the human motion as a discipline is ancient almost like the man. Early theories and observations on these topics can be found in Hyppocrates' and Galeno's work. More recently Duchenne de Boulogne (1867), Marey (1885), Braune and Fisher (1888), Sherrington (1933), Luria and finally Haken (1996) applied new techniques to the study of movement trying to understand and localise also the main areas of the brain involved during motion. Despite the richness of the literature produced, "man in motion" still represents a fascinating and partially unknown theme to deal with, particularly in the dynamic behaviour of the arms during the execution of specific tasks. Such movement, indeed individual expression of the complex interaction of biological subsystems (brain, muscles, skeleton, etc. ) against the surrounding environment, hides nowadays its features and very few data are available on its kinematic and dynamic response. This gap is largely due to the lack of knowledge on the dynamic movement of the "shoulder complex" and of the related muscles involved during motion. In fact, the large number of degrees of freedom to be measured and the high deformability of skin and soft tissues prevent the direct measurement of skeletal movements and contribute to increment the above described indetermination. Against this complex background, the rehabilitationist faces the pragmatic difficulties to decide which joints require attention as a priority or, in the case of biological damage, to assess the degree of impairment and subsequent recovery. As a result, clinical assessmentis performed by the use of relatively elementary test tasks, which can be monitored either by timing or by some indirect measurement of the success of the execution. The aim of the present research is then to provide new means of measurements to be used for gaining objective information on the motion particularly of "non visible" joints like the shoulder complex in order to characterise properly their motion and, in turn, the workspace of the arm.
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Given, Laura Elizabeth. "Effect of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement on hip joint kinematics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27309.
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Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement is a painful disorder common in young adults, caused by decreased concavity of the femoral head-neck. It is associated with hip osteoarthritis, though the exact mechanism of joint damage is not fully understood. Gait analysis has shown that cam deformities cause changes to coupled motions in vivo, though it is unclear whether these changes are compensatory or due to direct bony contact. The objective of this study was to determine how cam deformities and surgical resection affect patterns of hip rotation, translation of the center of rotation, and force required to flex and abduct the hip.
We assessed the relationship between deformity and coupled motions, translations of center of femoral rotation, and force required to create active unconstrained flexion and abduction ex vivo. Three deformities were simulated on each of six hemi-pelvis/proximal femur specimens. Four muscles were simulated by cables drawn from the distal tendon to the location of proximal attachment. Motion was created by actively shortening one of these cables while statically loading the others. Markers on the femur and pelvis were tracked, allowing for calculation of joint rotations and translations. A load cell on the active cable allowed for measurement of the applied force.
We found that deformity resulted in increased external rotation, adduction and translation during flexion and increased internal rotation, extension and decreased translation during abduction. We also found that when a more severe deformity was present, more force was required to create both flexion and abduction to the same angle. Further, we found that resection resulted in increased internal rotation and translation during flexion and decreased internal rotation during abduction. Less force was required to create flexion and abduction following resection. Changes to motion patterns occur as a result of changed contact loads between the femoral head and acetabulum, resulting in loading of regions of articular cartilage which may not be optimized for these loads and may, therefore, begin a degenerative cascade leading to osteoarthritis. As coupled motions were observed within ranges of flexion and abduction required for daily living, it is recommended that resection be performed in an attempt to slow the progression of osteoarthritis by limiting contact between the femoral head-neck and acetabulum.
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Morris, Richard. "Knee joint kinematics associated with osteoarthritis in an older cohort." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1928.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint condition that affects roughly one third of adults over the age of 60. In the UK, this amounts to over 8 million people with the total cost of the disease to the economy estimated at £12 billion. Symptoms can include joint pain, stiffness, effusion (swelling of the affected joint) and reduced mobility. Whilst the symptoms and diagnosis of the disease have been clearly defined in medical research, the underlying causes are not yet fully understood. It is thought that biomechanical factor’s, and walking kinematics in particular, play a key role in OA aetiology. Furthering the understanding of these factors could lead to better treatments and help reduce prevalence through preventative measures. A gait analysis protocol suitable for a clinical environment was developed to analyse the Newcastle Thousand Families Study birth cohort. This presented a unique opportunity to study an existing cohort of adults who are representative of the overall population. Gait analysis was performed on every able cohort member who attended for clinical assessment over a period of 16 months. Females showed more significant differences in their gait than males. Of the differences found in males, most were found to be associated with altered cadence. Some variables among female participants were found to be associated with altered cadence, as well as body mass index (BMI), pain and stiffness. It was concluded that female gait is more susceptible to kinematic changes but that these changes are adaptations that slow disease progression. Males do not make these adaptations and show higher prevalence at later OA grades. Differences in cadence were thought to account for most differences in gait kinematics with BMI, pain and stiffness also contributing. Overall, none of the variables measured seem likely to have caused the initiation of OA, however there is potential that the variables showing significant associations between grade 0 and 1 (particularly cadence) could be used for the prediction of OA incidence from gait and could be used as a supporting measure for other diagnostic tools.
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Dierks, Tracy Allan. "Kinematics and joint coupling in runners with patellofemoral pain during a prolonged run." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 8.83 Mb., 176 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3200532.
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Kralovic, Barbara Jean. "The effects of patellofemoral kinematics on joint congruence and cartilage stresses." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/MQ49678.pdf.
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Whyte, Enda. "The influence of reduced hamstring muscle length on patellofemoral joint kinematics." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502313.
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Stonecash, Robert Matthew. "Evaluation of a Sonomicrometry System for the Measurement of Joint Kinematics." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1123795150.
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Jin, Li. "KINEMATIC AND KINETIC ANALYSIS OF WALKING AND RUNNING ACROSS SPEEDS AND TRANSITIONS BETWEEN LOCOMOTION STATES." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23912.
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DISSERTATION ABSTRACT
Li Jin
Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Human Physiology
March 2018
Title: Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of Walking and Running across Speeds and Transitions between Locomotion States
Walking and running are general locomotion activities for human beings. Basic gait patterns and whole body center of mass (COM) dynamic patterns are distinctly different between them. Lower extremity joint mechanics patterns could reflect musculoskeletal coordination characteristics. Change of locomotion tasks and speeds can affect lower extremity joint kinematic and kinetic characteristics, and progression of age may also affect these characteristics. Little is known about change of locomotion tasks and speeds effects on lower extremity joint level kinetic characteristics, and whether there is a connection between COM system and lower extremity system. To address this, twenty healthy subjects were recruited to participate in a series of treadmill tests, including walking (0.8 – 2.0 m/s, with 0.2 m/s intervals), running (1.8 – 3.8 m/s, with 0.4 m/s intervals) and gait mode transition from walking to running, and from running to walking (between 1.8 – 2.4 m/s, 0.1 m/s2). Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected in all locomotion tests and used to calculate and analyze outcome variables for lower extremity joints and the COM system across different conditions. Results indicate that change of locomotion speeds significantly affect joint level kinetic characteristics within both walking and running locomotion states. Different locomotion task demands (walking vs. running) require fundamental alteration of lower extremity joint level kinetic patterns, even at the same locomotion speed. Progression of age also affects lower extremity joint level kinematic and kinetic patterns in walking and running across speeds. Additionally, stance phase an energy generation and transfer phenomenon occurred between the distal and proximal joints of the lower extremity in both walk-to-run and run-to-walk transitions. Lastly, a connection exists between whole body COM oscillation patterns and lower extremity joint level kinetic characteristics in running. These findings serve to further clarify the mechanisms involved in change of locomotion tasks and speeds effects on lower extremity joint kinetic patterns, and further establish a connection between the COM system and the lower extremity system. These findings may be beneficial for future foot-ankle assistive device development, potential optimization of gait efficiency and performance enhancement.
This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished coauthored material.
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Kuska, Elijah. "Ankle and Midtarsal Joint Kinematics During Rearfoot and Non-rearfoot Strike Walking." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1564222776215818.
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Brown, Amy Elizabeth. "Multi-legged Joint Kinematic Analysis of an Insect Tethered over a Slippery Surface." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1310686443.
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Alrashidi, Mohammad. "In vivo mechanical assessment of human elbow kinematics using a six axis parallel mechanism developed in house." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9175.
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Elbow joint laxity is a problem that normally comes with age; it increases up to critical levels due to rupture or damage to the ligaments of the elbow and affects the stability and capacities of the joint, interfering even with daily activities. This work investigates the kinematics of the elbow through in-vivo experimental measurement. To this end, a platform based on Stewart Platform mechanism was built and used at the bioengineering labs of Brunel University in West London, the UK, to measure the six degrees of freedom of the joint. This thesis aims to develop a method to simulate such motion which could be used for elbow implant design and manufacture. This work contributes to both the basic science of joint movement measurement and to the clinical applications of diagnosing elbow illness. In addition this research presents the preliminary results for a design for elbow implants. Tracking system developed in house was used to measure the degrees of freedom in healthy elbow motion. A pilot study was performed to assess the joint motion and its repeatability. A group of volunteers with normal elbow movement was used to carry out this study. A Stewart Platform mechanism based on the tracking system was used in this study as a non-invasive tool to capture elbow joint motion and track the trajectory and pattern of the motion in three-dimensional space. This thesis aimed to develop a method to simulate the elbow joint motion that could potentially be used for the elbow implants design and there manufacture. The goal of this study was achieved by in vivo measurement of the elbow movement. It was found that the results vary from person to person, but a healthy pattern of motion can be distinguished from an abnormal pattern. To ensure the result, the motion of the right and left hand of each person was compared,allowing the behaviour of the elbow motion to be judged and the results can help surgeons to analyze the motion of the elbow joint and follow up suspicions of abnormal behaviour in the joint or trace any possible joint laxity. Furthermore, the errors involved with the mechanism were calculated and appropriate factors were applied to correct them. As part of this study the manufacturing of medical implants was reviewed and discussed.
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Chang, Li-Shan. "Effects of Stroke Patterns on Shoulder Joint Kinematics and Electromyography in Wheelchair Propulsion." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/kin_health_diss/3.
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The purpose of this dissertation was to analyze shoulder joint kinematics and electromyographic activities of wheelchair propulsion between two stroke patterns. Twenty physical therapy students (14 females and 6 males, age 27.4 ± 5.9 years, body mass 64.41 ± 9.37 Kg and body height 169.32 ± 9.12 cm) participated. Eleven reflective markers were placed on thorax and right scapula, humerus, third metacarpophalangeal joint and wheelchair axle. Surface electrodes were placed on right pectoralis major, anterior and posterior deltoids, infraspinatus, middle trapezius, biceps brachialis long head and triceps brachialis. Participants propelled a standard wheelchair on a stationary roller system at 0.9 m/s and 1.8 m/s with semicircular (SC) and single loop (SL) stroke patterns for 20 seconds. Three-dimensional body movement and muscle activities were recorded at 100 and 1000 Hz, respectively. All data were compared for differences between two patterns and two speeds using 2-way repeated measures ANOVA (α < .05). Results showed longer drive phase and shorter recovery phase in SC when compared to SL, with no difference found on cycle time. Smaller release angles in SC caused longer angle ranges of hand contact on the pushrim while initial contact angles did not change. During drive phase, smaller scapular protraction range of motion (ROM) was found in SC. Shoulder abduction in drive phase was larger in terms of the maximal angle and ROM. In the recovery phase, minimal scapular tilting, protraction, and shoulder abduction and internal rotation were larger in SC when compared to SL pattern. Shoulder linear velocities and accelerations were higher in both phases for abduction/adduction and flexion/extension in SC. For SC pattern, pectorals major and middle trapezius showed lower activities during drive phase while posterior deltoid and triceps showed higher activities during both phases when compared to SL. Although posterior deltoid and triceps muscles work harder in SC pattern, longer drive phase and lower muscle activities in pectorals major and middle trapezius during the drive phase may make SC the better stroke pattern in wheelchair propulsion when compared to SL.
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Anicio, de Magalhaes Fabricio <1980>. "Three-dimensional joint kinematics of swimming using body-worn inertial and magnetic sensors." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6595/.
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Wearable inertial and magnetic measurements units (IMMU) are an important tool for underwater motion analysis because they are swimmer-centric, they require only simple measurement set-up and they provide the performance results very quickly. In order to estimate 3D joint kinematics during motion, protocols were developed to transpose the IMMU orientation estimation to a biomechanical model. The aim of the thesis was to validate a protocol originally propositioned to estimate the joint angles of the upper limbs during one-degree-of-freedom movements in dry settings and herein modified to perform 3D kinematics analysis of shoulders, elbows and wrists during swimming. Eight high-level swimmers were assessed in the laboratory by means of an IMMU while simulating the front crawl and breaststroke movements. A stereo-photogrammetric system (SPS) was used as reference. The joint angles (in degrees) of the shoulders (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction and internal-external rotation), the elbows (flexion-extension and pronation-supination), and the wrists (flexion-extension and radial-ulnar deviation) were estimated with the two systems and compared by means of root mean square errors (RMSE), relative RMSE, Pearson’s product-moment coefficient correlation (R) and coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC). Subsequently, the athletes were assessed during pool swimming trials through the IMMU. Considering both swim styles and all joint degrees of freedom modeled, the comparison between the IMMU and the SPS showed median values of RMSE lower than 8°, representing 10% of overall joint range of motion, high median values of CMC (0.97) and R (0.96). These findings suggest that the protocol accurately estimated the 3D orientation of the shoulders, elbows and wrists joint during swimming with accuracy adequate for the purposes of research. In conclusion, the proposed method to evaluate the 3D joint kinematics through IMMU was revealed to be a useful tool for both sport and clinical contexts.
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Tremols, Edward J. "Design and Validation of a Computational Model for Study of Scapholunate Joint Kinematics." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3877.
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As computational power has increased, computational modeling has become a very promising tool to model the biomechanics of complex joint systems. Musculoskeletal computational models have become more complex when compared to original iterations which utilized a number of simplifications. This thesis utilized a three-dimensional computational model of the wrist joint structure to investigate scapholunate kinematics. The model accurately represented the bony anatomy of the wrist and hand and represented soft tissue structures such as ligaments, tendons, and other surrounding tissues. Creation of the model was done using commercially available computer-aided design and medical image processing software, and utilized the rigid body modeling methodology. It was validated for scapholunate kinematics against a cadaver study and then utilized to investigate further measures and surgical procedures. The simulations performed by the model demonstrated an accurate anatomical response of wrist function. As better understanding of the biomechanics of the wrist joint is achieved, this model could prove to be an important tool to further investigate wrist mechanics.
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Richard, Vincent. "Multi-body optimization method for the estimation of joint kinematics : prospects of improvement." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1090/document.
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L'analyse du mouvement humain s'appuie généralement sur des techniques de suivi de marqueurs cutanés pour reconstruire la cinématique articulaire. Cependant, ces techniques d'acquisition présentent d'importantes limites dont les " artefacts de tissus mous " (i.e., le mouvement relatif entre les marqueurs cutanés et le squelette sous-jacent). La méthode d'optimisation multi-segmentaire viseà compenser ces artefacts en imposant aux trajectoires de marqueurs les degrés de liberté d'un modèle cinématique prédéfini. Les liaisons mécaniques modélisant classiquement les articulations empêchent toutefois une estimation satisfaisante de la cinématique articulaire. Cette thèse aborde des perspectives d'amélioration de la méthode d'optimisation multi-segmentaire pour l'estimation de la cinématique articulaire du membre inférieur,à travers différentes approches : (1) la reconstruction de la cinématique par suivi de la vitesse angulaire, de l'accélération et de l'orientation de centrales inertiellesà la place du suivi de marqueurs, (2) l'introduction d'un modèle articulaire élastique basé sur la matrice de raideur du genou, permettant une estimation physiologique de la cinématique articulaire et (3) l'introduction d'un modèle des artefacts de tissus mous " cinématique-dépendant ", visantà évaluer et compenser les artefacts de tissus mous simultanément avec l'estimation la cinématique articulaire. Ce travail a démontré la polyvalence de la méthode d'optimisation multi-segmentaire. Les résultats obtenus laissent espérer une amélioration significative de cette méthode qui devient de plus en plus utilisée en biomécanique, en particulier pour la modélisation musculo-squelettiqueHuman movement analysis generally relies on skin markers monitoring techniques to reconstruct the joint kinematics. However, these acquisition techniques have important limitations including the "soft tissue artefacts" (i.e., the relative movement between the skin markers and the underlying bones). The multi-body optimization method aims to compensate for these artefacts by imposing the degrees of freedom from a predefined kinematic model to markers trajectories. The mechanical linkages typically used for modeling the joints however prevent a satisfactory estimate of the joint kinematics. This thesis addresses the prospects of improvement of the multi-body optimization method for the estimation of joint kinematics of the lower limb through different approaches: (1) the reconstruction of the kinematics by monitoring the angular velocity, the acceleration and the orientation of magneto-inertial measurement units instead of tracking markers, (2) the introduction of an elastic joint model based on the knee stiffness matrix, enabling a physiological estimation of joint kinematics and (3) the introduction of a "kinematic-dependent" soft tissue artefact model to assess and compensate for soft tissue artefact concurrently with estimating the joint kinematics. This work demonstrated the versatility of the multi-body optimization method. The results give hope for significant improvement in this method which is becoming increasingly used in biomechanics, especially for musculoskeletal modeling
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Ettinger, Lucas. "The Influence of Subacromial Pain on Scapular Kinematics, Muscle Recruitment and Joint Proprioception." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13417.
Full textAbstract:
Subacromial impingement accounts for significant burdens on the economy and individual quality of life. The development and progression of this disorder is thought to be related to overuse; however, little is known regarding biomechanical factors such as scapular kinematics, shoulder muscle recruitment and joint proprioception with respect to this disorder. The high degree of variability between individuals on these biomechanical measures limits our ability to make inferences behind the development of shoulder impingement. Here, biomechanical factors associated with impingement are investigated using within-subjects designs in order to reduce this inherent variability. Using modern clinical techniques, this dissertation is applicable towards treatment of shoulder impingement as well as scientific understanding of motor control and function in the presence of pain.
This dissertation includes previously published and un-published co-authored material.
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Williams, John R. "Some aspects of the biomechanics of the elbow joint : related to prosthetic design." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360299.
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Fellin, Rebecca Elizabeth. "Three-dimensional comparison of lower extremity kinematics during overground and treadmill running." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 59 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654493381&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Leardini, Alberto. "Geometry and mechanics of the human ankle complex, and ankle prosthesis design." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343530.
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Brisson, Nicholas. "A Comparison of Preoperative and Postoperative Lower-extremity Joint Biomechanics of Patients with Cam Femoroacetabular Impingement." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20256.
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Surgery to correct cam femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is increasingly popular. Despite this, no known study has used motion analysis and ground reaction forces to quantify the outcome of surgery for FAI. The goal of this study was to compare the preoperative and postoperative lower-extremity joint kinematic and kinetic measurements of cam FAI patients during activities of daily living with use of a high-speed motion capture system and force platforms. We hypothesized that the lower-extremity joint mechanics of FAI patients during level walking and maximal squatting would resemble more those of healthy control subjects, after surgery. Ten patients with unilateral symptomatic cam FAI, who underwent corrective surgery using an open or combined technique, performed walking and maximal depth squatting trials preoperatively and postoperatively. Thirteen healthy control subjects, matched for age, sex and body mass index, provided normative data. Results showed that postoperatively, FAI patients had reduced hip ROM in the frontal and sagittal planes, produced smaller peak hip abduction and external rotation moments, and generated less peak hip power compared to the control group during level walking. During maximal squatting, postoperative FAI patients squatted to a greater depth, and had larger knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion angles, as well as the sum of all joint angles of the affected limb at maximal depth compared to the preoperative values. The lower-extremity joint and pelvic mechanics of FAI patients did not fully return to normal after surgery. Although surgery seemed to reduce hip pain and restore a normal femoral head-neck offset, it further impaired muscle function as a result of muscle incisions. More research is needed to determine the effects of muscle incisions, which could help improve surgical techniques and develop better rehabilitation programs for FAI patients.
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Ioppolo, James. "Kinematic joint measurements using radiostereometric analysis (RSA) and single-plane x-ray video fluoroscopy." University of Western Australia. Orthopaedics Unit, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0090.
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[Truncated abstract] Measuring the kinematics of joints and implants following orthopaedic surgery is important since joint motion directly influences the functional outcome of the patient and the longevity of the implant. Radiostereometric Analysis (RSA) has been used to assess the motion over time of various joints and implant designs following corrective orthopaedic and joint replacement surgery for more than 20 years in more than 10,000 patients around the world. While the use of RSA reduces the risk of implanting potentially inferior prostheses on a large scale, conventional methodological procedures are based on the acquisition of static, stereographic x-ray images that are not suitable for measuring skeletal kinematics in a dynamic manner. The purpose of this thesis was to design, validate and test a novel technique for dynamically assessing the skeletal motion of human subjects using RSA and single-plane digital x-ray video fluoroscopy. The validation procedure utilised two in-vitro phantom models of human joints capable of simulating normal kinematic motion. These phantom models were supplied with realistic spatial displacement protocols derived from cadaveric specimens. The spatial positions of a series of tantalum markers that were implanted in each skeletal segment were measured using RSA. Skeletal motion was determined in x-ray fluoroscopy images by minimising the difference between the markers measured and projected in the single image plane. Accuracy was determined in terms of bias and precision by analysing the deviation between the applied displacement protocol and measured pose estimates. ... The RSA and low dose single-plane fluoroscopy technique developed, validated and tested in this thesis is capable of dynamically measuring the kinematics of any joint in the human body, following the implantation of small metallic markers in the surrounding bone during corrective orthopaedic surgery. The kinematics of joints with replacement prostheses, such as the total knee replacement (TKR), can be analysed in addition to the kinematics of joints without replacement prostheses, such as the sacroiliac joint. The technique may be used in the future on groups of human subjects enrolled in controlled trials that are designed to analyse the kinematics of the shoulder, spine, hip, knee, patella or ankle joints for the purposes of quantitatively comparing the kinematics of different prosthesis designs and various corrective orthopaedic procedures.
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Balasubramaniam, Srinivasa Prashanth. "Influence of Joint Kinematics and Joint Moment on the Design of an Active Exoskeleton to Assist Elderly with Sit-to-Stand Movement." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1458643962.
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Ramanatha, Renu. "A parallel computing test bed for performing an unsupervised fluoroscopic analysis of knee joint kinematics." [Boise, Idaho] : Boise State University, 2009. http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/71/.
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Conconi, Michele <1979>. "An New Energetic Approach to the Modeling of Human Joint Kinematics: Application to the Ankle." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2765/.
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The objective of this dissertation is to develop and test a predictive model for the
passive kinematics of human joints based on the energy minimization principle. To
pursue this goal, the tibio-talar joint is chosen as a reference joint, for the reduced
number of bones involved and its simplicity, if compared with other sinovial joints
such as the knee or the wrist.
Starting from the knowledge of the articular surface shapes, the spatial trajectory
of passive motion is obtained as the envelop of joint configurations that
maximize the surfaces congruence. An increase in joint congruence corresponds
to an improved capability of distributing an applied load, allowing the joint to attain
a better strength with less material. Thus, joint congruence maximization is a
simple geometric way to capture the idea of joint energy minimization.
The results obtained are validated against in vitro measured trajectories. Preliminary
comparison provide strong support for the predictions of the theoretical
model.
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d'Entremont, Agnes Germaine. "Knee joint kinematics and cartilage health using magnetic resonance imaging: applications to high tibial osteotomy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44973.
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Jia, Rui. "A computer-aided tracking and motion analysis with ultrasound system for describing hip joint kinematics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7253392b-fed1-497b-91e1-9ae72555b348.
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Joint kinematics has been suggested to play an important role in the initiation and progression of a number of musculoskeletal pathologies. Thus, investigation of joint kinematics can help clinicians and researchers to better understand musculoskeletal conditions such as osteoarthritis and trochanteric bursitis. Existing motion capture technologies used in clinical settings suffer from various limitations, including soft tissue artefact. These limitations result in a lengthy examination process, an incomplete movement description, or an inaccurate representation of the real bony landmarks. The recent introduction of a motion analysis with ultrasound (MAUS) system aimed to provide a less constrained approach to detect actual bony structures and describe joint kinematics in three dimensional (3D) space. However, the accuracy of the original MAUS system was highly dependent on the operator's experience. In this doctoral thesis, a computer-aided tracking and motion analysis with ultrasound (CAT & MAUS) system is developed to track underlying bony landmarks and describe hip joint kinematics during gait. The key contribution of this thesis is to combine state-of-the-art computer vision approaches with the original MAUS system to improve the speed, accuracy and repeatability of joint kinematics examination for clinical measurement and diagnosis. Firstly, a comprehensive review of gait analysis and relevant clinical diagnostic modalities is presented. Then, an augmented MAUS system architecture is presented, which is more flexible than the previous MAUS system of the data acquisition. It combines an optoelectronic motion analysis (MA) system with a 2D ultrasound (US) device to build up a 3D representation of the bony structure of interest. A novel calibration box with multiple functions for the augmented MAUS system is designed to spatially and temporally match US images to the motion analysis data. The average Euclidean distance error of the spatial calibration is found to be 0.34 mm and the accuracy of the temporal calibration is found to be within half of the frame acquisition interval. The augmented MAUS system with its more accurate calibration procedures can accurately present the bone of interest in 3D space. Secondly, a computer-aided post-processing pipeline is presented to automatically track the bone of interest in 3D space. A globally optimal registration method is employed to align the 3D surfaces of the target bony structure reconstructed from the manual segmentation in US images at different positions to locate the target bony landmark from one position to another. The globally optimal registration overcomes the issue of getting trapped into local minima for the conventional iterative closest point registration. The accuracy of the globally optimal registration is validated with a proximal femur phantom. The average rotation error is found to be 0.38° and the average translation error is found to be 0.33 mm, both of which are within the clinical tolerance of computer-aided orthopaedics surgery ±3° and ± 1 mm). The 3D globally optimal registration guarantees an accurate track of the same target bony structure at different positions instead of estimating the similar bony structure at each position by eyeball with previous MAUS system. However, in practice, it takes around 20 minutes to manually segment the bone structure for a single surface reconstruction, which is extremely laborious and time consuming. In order to automate the CAT & MAUS system, a novel automatic segmentation of the bone structure in a 2D US image is then developed as a precursor for an accurate globally optimal registration. The automatic bone segmentation introduces the local phase features and acoustic characteristics to enhance the bone probability for detection. The result of the automatic segmentation is validated with a pilot phantom study before applying to the in-vivo experiment and achieves an accuracy of 0.13 mm. After fully developing the CAT & MAUS system, hip joint kinematics of healthy subjects are quantified in six degrees of freedom using the CAT & MAUS system and compared to the results from the optoelectronic motion analysis system. It is shown that CAT & MAUS results describe a greater rotation range than MA results by up to 4.03° in the sagittal plane because the optoelectronic motion analysis system alone suffers from severe soft tissue artefact as the skin markers shift away from the underlying bony structures during movement. The deformation of body segments captured by MA during movements caused by soft tissue artefact is explained using Procrustes analysis to indicate the accuracy and repeatability of the CAT & MAUS system. Finally, possible future directions are proposed based on preliminary investigations using the developed CAT & MAUS system with particular reference to both the technical and clinical perspectives.
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El-Gohary, Mahmoud Ahmed. "Joint Angle Tracking with Inertial Sensors." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/661.
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The need to characterize normal and pathological human movement has consistently driven researchers to develop new tracking devices and to improve movement analysis systems. Movement has traditionally been captured by either optical, magnetic, mechanical, structured light, or acoustic systems. All of these systems have inherent limitations. Optical systems are costly, require fixed cameras in a controlled environment, and suffer from problems of occlusion. Similarly, acoustic and structured light systems suffer from the occlusion problem. Magnetic and radio frequency systems suffer from electromagnetic disturbances, noise and multipath problems. Mechanical systems have physical constraints that limit the natural body movement. Recently, the availability of low-cost wearable inertial sensors containing accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers has provided an alternative means to overcome the limitations of other motion capture systems. Inertial sensors can be used to track human movement in and outside of a laboratory, cannot be occluded, and are low cost. To calculate changes in orientation, researchers often integrate the angular velocity. However, a relatively small error or drift in the measured angular velocity leads to large integration errors. This restricts the time of accurate measurement and tracking to a few seconds. To compensate that drift, complementary data from accelerometers and magnetometers are normally integrated in tracking systems that utilize the Kalman filter (KF) or the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to fuse the nonlinear inertial data. Orientation estimates are only accurate for brief moments when the body is not moving and acceleration is only due to gravity. Moreover, success of using magnetometers to compensate drift about the vertical axis is limited by magnetic field disturbance. We combine kinematic models designed for control of robotic arms with state space methods to estimate angles of the human shoulder and elbow using two wireless wearable inertial measurement units. The same method can be used to track movement of other joints using a minimal sensor configuration with one sensor on each segment. Each limb is modeled as one kinematic chain. Velocity and acceleration are recursively tracked and propagated from one limb segment to another using Newton-Euler equations implemented in state space form. To mitigate the effect of sensor drift on the tracking accuracy, our system incorporates natural physical constraints on the range of motion for each joint, models gyroscope and accelerometer random drift, and uses zero-velocity updates. The combined effect of imposing physical constraints on state estimates and modeling the sensor random drift results in superior joint angles estimates. The tracker utilizes the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) which is an improvement to the EKF. This removes the need for linearization of the system equations which introduces tracking errors. We validate the performance of the inertial tracking system over long durations of slow, normal, and fast movements. Joint angles obtained from our inertial tracker are compared to those obtained from an optical tracking system and a high-precision industrial robot arm. Results show an excellent agreement between joint angles estimated by the inertial tracker and those obtained from the two reference systems.
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Al-Haifi, Nawaf. "Design and manufacture of a universal mechanical human joint simulator." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9603.
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The work performed in this thesis involves the study of human hip joint kinematics and load analysis. Such analyses are very useful for investigating mobility and natural functionality as well as the variation in motion due to replacement implants. The objective of this study is to design, build and testing of a universal human joint simulator that is configurable to hold several human joints and easily programmable to create the required motion. This was performed by creating a Stewart Platform, which is capable of moving in all six degrees of freedom; the maximum number needed by any human joint. Many specific human joint simulators are available on the market for simulating all major human limbs. These are used for wear testing replacement joints by using high load repetitive motion. These systems have a predetermined limit degree of movement and are very expensive; if one wanted to emulate another joint, one would have to purchase a whole new system. This novel system compromises of a three-phase power supply, Control Area Network with six actuators and drivers, a force reading clamp with strain gauges and data logger. A user friendly computer program was developed that is able to derive joint movement data from two inputs and replicating the movement by driving the platform, as well as recording force and displacement data from the joint. The product would be marketed towards biomechanical researchers and implant designers. Verification of this system was performed by simulating the human hip joint. A known combination of kinematic and force data were inputted into the system for nine different types of activities. The resultant force and joint centre displacement was then compared to see how well the system perform in comparison to the inputted data from a previous study. The outcome of this project is a fully functional machine and configurable program that can create movement data at varying speeds and body weights; which is also able to drive the human joint simulator. The design also costs a fraction of any industrial joint simulator. It is hoped that the simulator will allow easier study of both the kinematics and load analysis within the human joints, with the intent on aiding investigation into mobility and functionality; as well as variation in motion caused by a replacement implant.
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Guo, Jiajie. "Effects of joint constraints on deformation of multi-body compliant mechanisms." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45971.
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Motivated by the interests to understand bio-structure deformation and exploit their advantages to create bio-inspired systems for engineering applications, a curvature-based model for analyzing compliant mechanisms capable of large deformation in a three dimensional space has been developed. Unlike methods (such as finite element) that formulate problems based on displacements and/or rotational angles, superposition holds for curvatures in the case of finite rotation but not for rotational angles; thus the curvature-based formulation presents an advantage in presenting nonlinear geometries. Along with a generalized constraint that relaxes traditional boundary constraints (such as fixed, pinned or sliding constraint) on compliant mechanisms, the method of deriving the compliant members in the same global referenced frame is presented. The attractive features of the method, which greatly simplifies the models and improves the computation efficiency of multi-body system deformation where compliant beams play an important role, have been experimentally validated. To demonstrate the applicability of this proposed method to a broad spectrum of applications, three practical examples are given; the first example verifies the generalized constraint by analyzing the multi-axis rotation motion within a natural human knee joint and investigates the human-exoskeleton interactions through dynamic analysis. The second example studies a deformable bio-structure by incorporating the generalized joint constraint into the curvature-based model for automated poultry meat processing. The last example designs a bio-inspired robot with a compliant mechanism to serve as a flexonic mobile node for ferromagnetic structure health monitoring. The analytical models have been employed (with experimental validation) to investigate the effects of different joint constraints on the mechanism deformations. It is expected that the proposed method will find a broad range of applications involving compliant mechanisms.
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Lathrop, Rebecca Leeann. "Locomotor Training: The effects of treadmill speed and body weight support on lower extremity joint kinematics and kinetics." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1249676293.
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Carlson, Kjirste Lynn. "Local pressures in the human hip joint in vivo, correlated with motion kinematics and external forces." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33469.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING
Bibliography: p. 259-266.
by Kjirste Lynne Carlson.
M.S.
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Saayman, Merike. "Low back pain and front foot hip joint kinematics in Western Province first league fast bowlers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6811.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aim: The aim of the study was to improve understanding of the hip joint kinematics in cricket fast bowlers and to ascertain whether a relationship exists between hip joint biomechanical parameters, including kinematics, ROM characteristics and lumbar symptoms. Study design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants: Sixteen adult male fast bowlers between the ages of 18 and 40 years old, playing first-club league, were featured in the study. Main outcome measures: To obtain data with regards to the training history, as well as the nature of lumbar-spine symptoms experienced by the cricket fast bowlers, a newly designed questionnaire was compiled. For analysis of the front foot hip joint ROM and kinematics, the biomechanical equipment used included: a two-dimensional Canon MV950 Digital Video Camcorder, a Kodak EasyShare C310 camera and XSENS Motion Tracking equipment (Xsens Technologies B. V., Enschede, Netherlands). Results: Eight of the sixteen bowlers in our study experienced LBP in the season with seven of these bowlers presenting with recent symptoms most of which are experienced after bowling a spell and described as “tightness” or a “stabbing pain” in the lower back. Intensity of LBP ranged between 1/10 to 8/10. Front foot hip joint kinematics of fast bowlers showed highly individualised patterns of movement between different subjects. Medium amplitude movements in the flexion/extension as well as the rotation plane of movement showed a significant difference in bowlers with- and without LBP. No significant differences between groups with LBP and without LBP were found in the three passive hip ROM measurements. Conclusions: It has proved to be very difficult to improve the understanding of the front foot hip biomechanics in cricket fast bowlers due to the high inter-subject variability. Variability in movement patterns remains under-researched by sports biomechanics. Although decreased hip mobility could alter mechanical forces transmitted to the lumbar spine and therefore predispose or be a causative factor in LBP development, this study found no significant relation between these parameters. The sample size was very small in this study which will influence the validity of results. Our study confirmed the high incidence of LBP and preventative efforts for bowlers should therefore be strongly supported.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doelwit: Die doelwit van die studie was om die heupgewrig kinematika van krieket snelboulers beter te verstaan en om vas te stel of daar ‘n verwantskap bestaan tussen heupgewrig biomeganiese parameters, insluitende kinematika, omvang van beweging karakter en lumbale simptome. Studie ontwerp: ‘n Deursneë beskrywende studie is onderneem. Deelnemers: Sestien volwasse manlike snelboulers tussen die ouderdomme van 18 en 40 jaar oud wat eerste liga speel maak deel uit van die studie. Hoof uitkoms maatreëls: ‘n Nuut ontwerpte vraelys is opgestel om data aangaande oefen geskiedenis sowel as aard van lumbale simptome wat deur krieket snelboulers ervaar word in te samel. Die biomeganiese apparaat wat gebruik is vir die analiese van die voorvoet heup omvang van beweging, sowel as die kinematika, sluit in: ‘n twee dimensionele Canon MV950 Digitale Video Camcorder, ‘n Kodak EasyShare C310 kamera en XSENS beweging volgende apparaat (Xsens Technologies B. V., Enschede, Netherlands). Resultate: Agt van die sestien boulers in ons studie het lae rug pyn in die seisoen ervaar. Sewe van die boulers het gepresenteer met onlangse simptome waarvan die meeste na ‘n bouler se boulbeurt ervaar is en beskryf was as ‘n “styfheid” of “steekpyn” in die lae rug. Die intensiteit van die lae rug pyn het gewissel tussen 1/10 en 8/10. Voorvoet heup kinematika van snelboulers het hoogs individualistiese patrone van beweging getoon tussen verskillende deelnemers. Medium amplitude bewegings in die fleksie/ekstensie sowel as die rotasie plein van beweging het ‘n beduidende verskil tussen boulers met- en sonder lae rug pyn getoon. Geen beduidende verskille tussen die groep met- en sonder rugpyn is gevind met die drie passiewe heup omvang van beweging meetings nie. Gevolgtrekkings: Dit blyk baie moelik te wees om die voorvoet heup biomeganika in krieket snelboulers beter te verstaan a.g.v. die hoë inter-deelnemer veranderlikheid. Veranderlikheid in bewegings patrone is nog nie genoeg nagevors deur sport biomeganici nie. Alhoewel ingekorte heup mobiliteit meganiese kragte wat deur die lumbale werwelkolom gaan kan wysig, en sodoende die ontwikkeling van lae rug pyn kan predisponeer of ‘n oorsakende faktor kan wees, het hierdie studie nie ‘n beduidende verwantskap tussen die parameters gevind nie. Die steekproef groote was baie klein en dit sal die geldigheid van die resultate beïnvloed. Ons studie het die hoë insidensie van lae rug pyn bevestig en pogings tot voorkomende maatreëls moet daarom ten sterkste ondersteun word.
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Konca, A. Ozgun Tromp Jeroen Helmberger Donald V. Avouac Jean-Philippe. "Investigating large earthquake rupture kinematics from the joint analysis of seismological, geodetic and remote sensing data /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2008. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05292008-113958.
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Birch, Ivan. "The kinematics of the subtalar joint during the contact phase of walking : a novel measurement strategy." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2006. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/b738ce7e-f042-4279-85e3-d722fe8947f0.
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Movement at the subtalar joint is believed to be a fundamental contributor to foot function during walking. The complex structure and movement, and inaccessibility of the joint have resulted in limited published data with which to substantiate or refute theories regarding its movement during walking. This study investigated the use of the CODA M PX30 three d imensional motion analysis system and a purpose designed marker placement model as a strategy for measuring the movement of the subtalar joint during the contact phase of walking. The in vitro reliability of the measurement strategy was tested and the combination of the CODA M PX30 and the marker placement model shown to be reliable. The effect of skin movement on surface marker location was investigated. Although markers were shown to move relative to the bones, angular orientations calculated from marker positions were shown to be representative of those calculated directly from the bones. The in vivo reliability of the measurement strategy was tested using multiple data sets from a single subject. Results showed the measurement strategy to be reliable and to produce results comparable to previous published data. Subsequent testing on m u ltiple subjects produced a similar outcome. The novel measurement strategy described in this study was shown to be a valid non-invasive, i n vivo method of assessing the movement of the subtalar joint during the contact phase of walking.
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Tuitert, Inge. "Synergies and end-effector kinematics in upper limb movements." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191106_TUITERT_870i476zrdkzp785zxxeei787udophi_TH.pdf.
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Lorsque des êtres humains exécutent des mouvements de manière répétée, ceux-ci ne sont jamais complètement les mêmes. Cela s'explique par le fait que de nombreux degrés de liberté (DDL) du système moteur humain sont impliqués dans l'exécution d'un acte moteur. Dans la plupart des cas, le nombre de DDL mis en jeu excède le minimum nécessaire pour exécuter la tâche motrice à accomplir. Pour coordonner ces DDL redondants, des synergies sont souvent proposées. Une synergie est définie comme la liaison temporaire de DDL au sein d'unités spécifiques à une tâche. Kay a décrit l'émergence d'une synergie comme étant la première étape d'un processus contraignant en deux étapes dû aux interactions entre l'environnement, l'organisme et les contraintes de la tâche. Au cours de la seconde étape, les contraintes agissent sur la synergie, entraînant le comportement spécifique. Ce processus en deux étapes a été étudié en considérant l'influence des contraintes de la tâche sur les deux niveaux. La première étape du processus en deux étapes a été évaluée au moyen de l'analyse Uncontrolled Manifold de la variabilité des angles articulaires et la seconde étape à l'aide de la cinématique de l'effecteur final. Les résultats du niveau simultané des synergies et de l'effecteur final ont démontré que certaines contraintes sont principalement impliquées dans la première étape du processus, alors que d'autres influencent principalement la seconde étape du processus. En d'autres termes, des contraintes de tâche différentes sont impliquées dans chaque étape du processus contraignant en deux étapes, ce qui semble suggérer qu'un processus en deux étapes est à l'œuvre pour coordonner les DDL redondantsWhen humans perform movements repeatedly, they are never completely the same. This is possible because many degrees of freedom (DOF) of the human motor system are involved when performing a motor action. In most cases, the number of DOF involved exceeds the minimum necessary to complete the motor task at hand. To coordinate these DOF, synergies are often proposed. A synergy is defined as the temporary linking of DOF into task-specific units. Kay (1988) described the emergence of a synergy as the first step of a two-step constraining process due to the interactions amongst environment, organism, and task constraints. In the second step, the constraints act on the synergy, resulting in the specific behavior. This two-step process was examined by looking at the influence of task constraints on synergies, on end-effector kinematics, and on both levels concurrently. To analyze the first step of the two-step process, the emergence of a synergy, was assessed using the uncontrolled manifold analysis of joint angle variability and the second step, the emergence of the specific behavior, was assessed using end-effector kinematics. The results revealed that task constraints influenced synergies and end-effector kinematics independently. More importantly, the results of both synergy and end-effector level demonstrated that some constraints are mainly involved in the first step of the process, whereas other constraints mainly influence the second step of the process. That is, different task constraints are involved in each step of the two-step constraining process, suggesting that a two-step process is at play to coordinate the redundant DOF
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McCarren, Gillian A. "The Impact of Dual Task Shooting on Knee Kinematics and Kinetics." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1556214323893082.
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Sobral, Juliana Moreno Carmona 1987. "Proposição e avaliação de um método para análise cinemática tridimensional da articulação femoropatelar a partir de marcadores externos." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275060.
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Orientador: Ricardo Machado Leite de BarrosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física
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Resumo: O objetivo geral do trabalho foi propor e avaliar um método para análise cinemática tridimensional da articulação femoropatelar a partir de marcadores externos, durante a execução de saltos verticais. Para isso, foi desenvolvida uma configuração específica do sistema de análise, com seis câmeras industriais posicionadas de forma a garantir um bom valor de exatidão da medida gerada. A frequência de aquisição foi 100 Hz. O rastreamento dos segmentos corporais analisados e a reconstrução das respectivas coordenadas 3D foram realizados no software Dvideo. Já a orientação e modelagem foram feitas no software Visual 3D®. Neste estudo foram avaliados doze sujeitos saudáveis (grupo controle) e cinco sujeitos com síndrome femoropatelar em ambos os joelhos (grupo SFP). As variáveis analisadas foram a exatidão da medida do sistema, a distância entre os marcadores da patela, os ângulos de rotação do joelho e os ângulos de rotação e translação da articulação femoropatelar. A análise dos resultados foi feita após subdividir o movimento do salto em função do ângulo de flexão do joelho, em duas fases distintas, a decolagem (agachamento e impulsão) e a aterrissagem (aterrissagem e retorno à posição inicial). Os ângulos de rotação e valores de translação obtidos foram similares para os membros inferiores para as duas articulações analisadas. Já em relação às fases do movimento, todos os valores apresentaram menor magnitude na aterrissagem, uma vez que a amplitude de movimento de flexão do joelho nesta fase foi menor. Durante o agachamento, ambos os grupos apresentaram flexão, deslocamento medial, posterior e inferior da AFP, porém em menor amplitude no grupo SFP. A análise de confiabilidade apresentou valores de concordância excelente, sugerindo que o método utilizado gere dados consistentes. Podemos concluir que o modelo proposto foi capaz de detectar movimentação da patela em relação ao fêmur no eixo transversal para a rotação e nos eixos transversal, ântero-posterior e longitudinal para translação, em ambos os grupos estudados
Abstract: The major aim of this study was to propose and evaluate a method for three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the patellofemoral joint based on external markers while performing vertical jumps. For this, a specific configuration of the analysis system was developed, with six industrial cameras positioned to ensure a good accuracy of the measurement data. The acquisition frequency was 100 Hz. The analyzed body segments tracking and the reconstruction of their 3D coordinates were performed in Dvideo software. Their orientation and modeling were done in Visual 3D ® software. In this study we evaluated twelve healthy subjects (control group) and five subjects with patellofemoral syndrome in both knees (SFP group). The analyzed variables were the accuracy of the system, the distance between the markers of the patella, knee and patellofemoral rotation angles and translation values of the patellofemoral joint. The data analysis was made after subdividing the jump movement according to the angle of knee flexion in two distinct phases, takeoff (squat and propulsion) and landing (landing and return to starting position). The knee and patellofemoral obtained rotation angles and translation values were similar for both lower limbs. In relation to the vertical jump phases, all values were lower in the landing phase, due to the knee range of motion at this stage has been equally lower. During the squat, both groups showed flexion, medial, posterior and inferior displacement of the patellofemoral joint, but the SFP group showed smaller values. The reliability analysis showed excellent agreement values, suggesting that the method used in this study is capable to generate consistent data. We can conclude that the proposed model was able to detect patellar movement relative to the femur in the transverse axis for the rotation and in the transverse, anteroposterior and longitudinal axes for translation, in both groups
Mestrado
Biodinamica do Movimento e Esporte
Mestra em Educação Física
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Miguel, Andres Israel. "Contribution of the anconeus muscle to the elbow kinematics : range of motion of 90° of flexion-extension and pronation-supination." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/contribution-of-the-anconeus-muscle-to-the-elbow-kinematics-range-of-motion-of-90-of-flexionextension-and-pronationsupination(457e1132-6600-4954-ae28-c8c7b9553247).html.
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The anconeus, a small triangular muscle positioned on the posterolateral part of the elbow joint, has been the subject of considerable research without a satisfactory conclusion being reached regarding the role it plays during normal elbow kinematics. The aim of this investigation was to elucidate the function of the anconeus muscle and find the relative contribution that it makes to elbow kinematics by examining relative electrical muscle activity and elbow kinematics both before and after anconeus defunctioning carried out using a local anaesthetic (lidocaine). The study was performed through an examination of the myoelectric activity of the representative elbow flexor and extensor muscles (biceps brachii and triceps brachii) and the elbow kinematics and kinetics. Right-handed, healthy volunteers performed elbow flexion-extension and supination-pronation movements in both horizontal and sagittal planes before and after blocking of the anconeus. The kinematics and kinetics of the elbow were assessed using inertial sensors, and muscle electrical activity was recorded using surface electromyography. In the following stage of the study, the anconeus muscle was blocked through an injection of lidocaine and then the flexion-extension and pronation-supination movements were repeated. The relative electrical activity results from the anconeus before blocking clearly indicate that the activity of the muscle was higher during the extension portion of the flexion-extension cycle, suggesting that it behaves as an extensor muscle. However, from the paired sample t-test analysis, it was found that blocking of the anconeus had no effect on the kinematics and kinetics of the elbow, including the angular velocity, net torque, power and net joint work. Moreover, the angular velocity data for the elbow, before and after the blocking for all movements, showed a linear trend with slopes and Pearson's correlations close to unity, indicating no apparent difference on the elbow kinematics. In addition, the relative electrical activity of the biceps and triceps brachii muscles did not alter significantly following blocking of the anconeus. These findings suggest that the anconeus muscle is a relatively weak elbow extensor as it is likely that the small contribution that the anconeus provides during extension before blocking is compensated by the triceps brachii after the anconeus is deactivated. In order to provide additional weight and support to the findings of the experimental study, a computational model of the elbow joint was created in Abaqus CAE with the aim of investigating the contribution of the anconeus during the flexion-extension motion. In particular, the effect on the range of motion and contact area of the elbow joint was investigated both before and after anconeus blocking. The analysis was done in a range of motion of 90°, starting with the elbow extended 30° and ending flexed 120°. The elbow joint model considered cortical bone, trabecular bone, cartilage, collateral ligaments, the anconeus, biceps brachii and triceps brachii. The results of the investigation indicated that the anconeus muscle does not produce a significant change in the range of motion and contact area in the articulation, an outcome that supports the findings of the experimental investigation.