Relevant bibliographies by topics / Joint-Reaction Forces

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Joint-Reaction Forces'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Joint-Reaction Forces"

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OLNEY, BRAD W., and GOPAL JAYARAMAN. "Joint Reaction Forces During Femoral Lengthening." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research &NA;, no. 301 (April 1994): 64???67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199404000-00011.

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Breloff, Scott P., and Li-Shan Chou. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL MULTI-SEGMENTED SPINE JOINT REACTION FORCES DURING COMMON WORKPLACE PHYSICAL DEMANDS/ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 29, no. 04 (August 2017): 1750025. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237217500259.

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Objective: The quantification of inter-segmental spine joint reaction forces during common workplace physical demands. Background: Many spine reaction force models have focused on the L5/S1 or L4/L5 joints to quantify the vertebral joint reaction forces. However, the L5/S1 or L4/L5 approach neglects most of the intervertebral joints. Methods: The current study presents a clinically applicable and noninvasive model which calculates the spinal joint reaction forces at six different regions of the spine. Subjects completed four ambulatory activities of daily living: level walking, obstacle crossing, stair ascent, and stair descent. Results: Peak joint spinal reaction forces were compared between tasks and spine regions. Differences existed in the bodyweight normalized vertical joint reaction forces where the walking (8.05[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]3.19[Formula: see text]N/kg) task had significantly smaller peak reaction forces than the stair descent (12.12[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]1.32[Formula: see text]N/kg) agreeing with lower extremity data comparing walking and stair descent tasks. Conclusion: This method appears to be effective in estimating the joint reaction forces using a segmental spine model. The results suggesting the main effect of peak reactions forces in the segmental spine can be influenced by task.
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Seo, Min Jwa, and Hyeon Ki Choi. "Joint Reaction Forces during the Recovery of Postural Balance of Human Body." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 2308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.2308.

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The purpose of this study was to calculate three dimensional angular displacements, moments and joint reaction forces (JRF) of the ankle joint during the waist pulling, and to assess the ankle JRF according to different perturbation modes and different levels of perturbation magnitude. Ankle joint model was assumed 3-D ball and socket joint which is capable of three rotational movements. We used 6 camera motion analysis system, force plate and waist pulling system. Two different waist pulling systems were adopted for forward sway with three magnitudes each. From motion data and ground reaction forces, we could calculate 3-D angular displacements, moments and JRF during the recovery of postural balance control. From the experiment using mass-falling perturbation, joint moments were larger than those from the experiment with milder perturbation using air cylinder pulling system. However, joint reaction forces were similar nevertheless the difference in joint moment. From the results, we could conjecture that the human body employs different strategies to protect joints by decreasing joint reaction forces, like using the joint movements or compensating JRF by distributing the forces on surrounding soft tissues. The results of this study provide us important insights for understanding the relationship between balance control and ankle injury mechanism.
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Weinhandl, Joshua T., Bobbie S. Irmischer, and Zachary A. Sievert. "Effects of Gait Speed of Femoroacetabular Joint Forces." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6432969.

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Alterations in hip joint loading have been associated with diseases such as arthritis and osteoporosis. Understanding the relationship between gait speed and hip joint loading in healthy hips may illuminate changes in gait mechanics as walking speed deviates from preferred. The purpose of this study was to quantify hip joint loading during the gait cycle and identify differences with varying speed using musculoskeletal modeling. Ten, healthy, physically active individuals performed walking trials at their preferred speed, 10% faster, and 10% slower. Kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data were collected and used to estimate hip joint force via a musculoskeletal model. Vertical ground reaction forces, hip joint force planar components, and the resultant hip joint force were compared between speeds. There were significant increases in vertical ground reaction forces and hip joint forces as walking speed increased. Furthermore, the musculoskeletal modeling approach employed yielded hip joint forces that were comparable to previous simulation studies and in vivo measurements and was able to detect changes in hip loading due to small deviations in gait speed. Applying this approach to pathological and aging populations could identify specific areas within the gait cycle where force discrepancies may occur which could help focus management of care.
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Pain, Matthew T. G., and John H. Challis. "The influence of soft tissue movement on ground reaction forces, joint torques and joint reaction forces in drop landings." Journal of Biomechanics 39, no. 1 (January 2006): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.10.036.

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Hashizume, Satoru, and Toshio Yanagiya. "A Forefoot Strike Requires the Highest Forces Applied to the Foot Among Foot Strike Patterns." Sports Medicine International Open 01, no. 02 (February 2017): E37—E42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-122017.

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AbstractGround reaction force is often used to predict the potential risk of injuries but may not coincide with the forces applied to commonly injured regions of the foot. This study examined the forces applied to the foot, and the associated moment arms made by three foot strike patterns. 10 male runners ran barefoot along a runway at 3.3 m/s using forefoot, midfoot, and rearfoot strikes. The Achilles tendon and ground reaction force moment arms represented the shortest distance between the ankle joint axis and the line of action of each force. The Achilles tendon and joint reaction forces were calculated by solving equations of foot motion. The Achilles tendon and joint reaction forces were greatest for the forefoot strike (2 194 and 3 137 N), followed by the midfoot strike (1 929 and 2 853 N), and the rearfoot strike (1 526 and 2 394 N). The ground reaction force moment arm was greater for the forefoot strike than for the other foot strikes, and was greater for the midfoot strike than for the rearfoot strike. Meanwhile, there were no differences in the Achilles tendon moment arm among all foot strikes. These differences were attributed mainly to differences in the ground reaction force moment arm among the three foot strike patterns.
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Colborne, G. R. "Are sound dogs mechanically symmetric at trot?" Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 21, no. 03 (2008): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1617375.

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SummaryA two-year-old, sound Labrador Retriever was determined to be ’right hind limb dominant’ by comparison of total hind limb moments of support using inverse dynamics. Net joint moments at the hip, tarsal and metatarsophalangeal joints were larger on the right side. Vertical joint reaction forces at the stifle were larger on the right, and horizontal stifle joint reaction forces were smaller on the right. The crus segment was more cranially inclined on the right side through most of stance, but the angle of the resultant stifle joint reaction force vector against the long axis of the crus segment was identical between the right and left sides. The cranially inclined crus segment orientation on one side, coupled with the larger vertical joint reaction force, may result in an internal asymmetry in stifle joint mechanics, although the effects of this on cruciate ligament stresses remain to be determined.
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Rakshit, Ritwik, Yujiang Xiang, and James Yang. "Dynamic-joint-strength-based two-dimensional symmetric maximum weight-lifting simulation: Model development and validation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 234, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 660–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411920913374.

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This article presents an optimization formulation and experimental validation of a dynamic-joint-strength-based two-dimensional symmetric maximum weight-lifting simulation. Dynamic joint strength (the net moment capacity as a function of joint angle and angular velocity), as presented in the literature, is adopted in the optimization formulation to predict the symmetric maximum lifting weight and corresponding motion. Nineteen participants were recruited to perform a maximum-weight-box-lifting task in the laboratory, and kinetic and kinematic data including motion and ground reaction forces were collected using a motion capture system and force plates, respectively. For each individual, the predicted spine, shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and ankle joint angles, as well as vertical and horizontal ground reaction force and box weight, were compared with the experimental data. Both root-mean-square error and Pearson’s correlation coefficient ( r) were used for the validation. The results show that the proposed two-dimensional optimization-based motion prediction formulation is able to accurately predict all joint angles, box weights, and vertical ground reaction forces, but not horizontal ground reaction forces.
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Choi, Hyeon Ki, Min Jwa Seo, Ja Choon Koo, Hyeon Chang Choi, and Won Hak Cho. "The Effects of Muscle Forces on Ankle Joint Kinetics during Postural Balance Control." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 871–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.871.

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We assessed the effects of muscle forces on ankle joint kinetics during postural balance control of human boy. Nine male subjects (mean age of 25.8 yrs) participated in the experiment. An ankle joint model assumed ball and socket joint was used, which was capable of three dimensional rotations. A six-camera VICON system was used for motion analysis. Waist pulling system and force platform were adopted for forward sway and GRF (ground reaction force) measurement. We used linear optimization programs to calculate the variation of muscle forces and angular displacements of shank and foot segments. With the experimental data and linear programs, we could calculate joint reaction forces, and bone-on-bone forces. The results presented in this study give us the insights to understand the roles of lower limb muscles during postural balance control and ankle injury mechanism.
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FUNAMI, Kazuki, Yusuke HIRAI, and Masaru HIGA. "Numerical calculation of external forces and joint reaction forces during gait." Proceedings of the JSME Conference on Frontiers in Bioengineering 2018.29 (2018): 2B24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebiofro.2018.29.2b24.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Joint-Reaction Forces"

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Allen, James Brandon. "Estimating Uncertainties in the Joint Reaction Forces of Construction Machinery." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33046.

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In this study we investigate the propagation of uncertainties in the input forces through a mechanical system. The system of interest was a wheel loader, but the methodology developed can be applied to any multibody systems. The modeling technique implemented focused on efficiently modeling stochastic systems for which the equations of motion are not available. The analysis targeted the reaction forces in joints of interest.

The modeling approach developed in this thesis builds a foundation for determining the uncertainties in a Caterpillar 980G II wheel loader. The study begins with constructing a simple multibody deterministic system. This simple mechanism is modeled using differential algebraic equations in Matlab. Next, the model is compared with the CAD model constructed in ProMechanica. The stochastic model of the simple mechanism is then developed using a Monte Carlo approach and a Linear/Quadratic transformation method. The Collocation Method was developed for the simple case study for both Matlab and ProMechanica models.

Thus, after the Collocation Method was validated on the simple case study, the method was applied to the full 980G II wheel loader in the CAD model in ProMechanica.

This study developed and implemented an efficient computational method to propagate computational method to propagate uncertainties through â black-boxâ models of mechanical systems. The method was also proved to be reliable and easier to implement than traditional methods.
Master of Science

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Chinworth, Susan A. (Susan Annette). "Ground Reaction Forces and Ankle and Knee Moments During Rope Skipping." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501047/.

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Ground reaction force (GRF) data collected and synchronized with film data to determine peak GRF and calculate moments about ankle and knee during rope skipping. Two, five minute conditions were analyzed for 10 subjects. Condition 1 was set rate and style. Condition 2 was subjects' own rate and style. Means and standard deviations were reported for peak GRF, ankle and knee moments. One way ANOVAs reported no significant difference between conditions for variables measured. Efficiency and nature of well phased impacts during rope skipping may be determined by combination of GRF, similarities in magnitude and direction of joint moments, and sequencing of segmental movements. Technique and even distribution of force across articulations appear more important than magnitudes of force produced by given styles.
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Pashak, Riley. "Susceptibility to Ankle Sprain Injury between Dominant and Non-Dominant Leg During Jump Landings." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/khp_etds/66.

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Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries within athletics in the United States with approximately one-million student athletes experiencing ankle sprains each year. Studies argue excessive or rapid ankle inversion occurring from jump landings may cause ankle sprains. Also, the effect of limb dominance on risk of ankle sprain is not well documented. The aim of this study was to determine if there is an affect of leg dominance on landing mechanism of the ankle joint that predisposes either ankle joint to greater risk of ankle sprain. Twelve recreationally active subjects were recruited and completed four maximal vertical jumps. Ground reaction force, marker position data and maximal vertical jump height were collected using two Bertec Force plates, a 10-camera motion capture system, and a Vertec Vertical Jump Trainer, respectively. Cortex and Visual3D software programs were used to process the motion capture data and to calculate peak vertical ground reaction forces(vGRF), loading rate, and ankle joint moments. There were no statistically significant differences in ankle joint moment or loading rate between limbs, but peak vGRF were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the non-dominant ankle. The results suggest the non-dominant ankle displays higher injury potential, as the non-dominant leg accumulates a larger peak landing force.
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Wikstrom, Erik A. "Functional vs isokinetic fatigue protocol effects on time to stabilization, peak vertical ground reaction forces, and joint kinematics in jump landing /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000825.

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Wahid, Ammar. "Influence of kinematics on the calculation of hip joint reaction forces in patients with symptomatic leg length inequality following total hip replacement." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16065/.

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Up to 10% of patients following Total Hip Replacement (THR) are symptomatic for a Leg Length Inequality (LLI), commonly being up to 20mm longer on the operated side. With 100,000 patients undergoing THR in 2015, 8.7% of all errors in the NHS being attributed to an LLI and malpractice claims being frequent, understanding why certain patients are symptomatic whilst others remain asymptomatic is of great importance. Anthropometric and demographic measurements together with gait analysis results were compared between a group of 26 symptomatic LLI patients following THR, 14 asymptomatic THR patients and 38 healthy individuals using Plug-in-Gait. Statistically significant results were found for height, with LLI patients generally being 6% shorter than their THR counterparts. Gait analysis results using Visual3D and AnyBody found LLI patients demonstrated reductions in peak joint forces, ground reaction forces, moments and knee flexion relative to the THR and healthy group. This was linked to LLI patients walking 20% and 59% slower than their THR and healthy counterparts respectively. Wear analysis found that LLI patients had 9% greater sliding distances than THR patients per stride together with more unidirectional motion paths. A thorough critique of Plug-in-Gait found the clinical results were generally reliable. Further sensitivity analyses however highlighted the weaknesses of the model if used improperly, with a 45mm error in lateral thigh marker positioning leading to a 10% change in hip flexion angle. The choice of hip joint centre regression equation, errors in joint width measurement and the use of CAST over PiG were also found to have a profound effect on kinematic results. It was concluded that LLI patients were symptomatic due to a combination of a greater LLI magnitude to height ratio, leading to greater pelvic obliquity in smaller individuals, and weakened muscles/soft tissues at the hip causing an asymmetric gait.
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Bader, Joseph Scott. "DISTAL RADIOULNAR JOINT BIOMECHANICS AND FOREARM MUSCLE ACTIVITY." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/825.

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Optimal management of fractures, post-traumatic arthritis and instability of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) requires an understanding of the forces existing across this joint as a function of the activities of daily living. However, such knowledge is currently incomplete. The goal of this research was to quantify the loads that occur at the DRUJ during forearm rotation and to determine the effect that individual muscles have on those loads. Human and cadaver studies were used to analyze the shear (A-P), transverse (M-L) and resultant forces at the DRUJ and to determine the role that 15 individual muscles had on those forces. Data for scaling the muscles forces came from EMG analysis measuring muscle activity at nine positions of forearm rotation in volunteers during isometric pronation and supination. Muscle orientations were determined from the marked muscle origin and insertion locations of nine cadaveric arms at various stages of forearm rotation. The roles that individual muscles played in DRUJ loading were analyzed by removing the muscle of interest from the analysis and comparing the results. The EMG portion of this study found that the pronator quadratus, pronator teres, brachioradialis, flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus contribute significantly to forearm pronation. The supinator, biceps brachii, and abductor pollicis longus were found to contribute significantly to supination. The results of the DRUJ analysis affirm that large transverse forces pass from the radius to the ulnar head at all positions of forearm rotation during pronation and supination (57.5N-181.4N). Shear forces exist at the DRUJ that act to pull the radius away from the ulna in the AP direction and are large enough to merit consideration when examining potential treatment options (7.9N-99.5N). Individual muscle analysis found that the extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor indicis and palmaris longus had minimal effect on DRUJ loading. Other than the primary forearm rotators (pronator quadratus, pronator teres, supinator, biceps brachii), the muscles that exhibited the largest influence on DRUJ loading were the abductor pollicis longus, brachialis, brachioradialis, extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris.
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Patergnani, Matteo. ""Influence of lower-limb joint models on subject-specific musculoskeletal model predictions during gait" ( "modelli muscoloscheletrici personalizzati dell'arto inferiore: Analisi dell'effetto della modellazione dei giunti sulla predizione dei carichi agenti sul sistema scheletrico durante il cammino")." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6439/.

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The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the influence of lower-limb joint models on musculoskeletal model predictions during gait. We started our analysis by using a baseline model, i.e., the state-of-the-art lower-limb model (spherical joint at the hip and hinge joints at the knee and ankle) created from MRI of a healthy subject in the Medical Technology Laboratory of the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute. We varied the models of knee and ankle joints, including: knee- and ankle joints with mean instantaneous axis of rotation, universal joint at the ankle, scaled-generic-derived planar knee, subject-specific planar knee model, subject-specific planar ankle model, spherical knee, spherical ankle. The joint model combinations corresponding to 10 musculoskeletal models were implemented into a typical inverse dynamics problem, including inverse kinematics, inverse dynamics, static optimization and joint reaction analysis algorithms solved using the OpenSim software to calculate joint angles, joint moments, muscle forces and activations, joint reaction forces during 5 walking trials. The predicted muscle activations were qualitatively compared to experimental EMG, to evaluate the accuracy of model predictions. Planar joint at the knee, universal joint at the ankle and spherical joints at the knee and at the ankle produced appreciable variations in model predictions during gait trials. The planar knee joint model reduced the discrepancy between the predicted activation of the Rectus Femoris and the EMG (with respect to the baseline model), and the reduced peak knee reaction force was considered more accurate. The use of the universal joint, with the introduction of the subtalar joint, worsened the muscle activation agreement with the EMG, and increased ankle and knee reaction forces were predicted. The spherical joints, in particular at the knee, worsened the muscle activation agreement with the EMG. A substantial increase of joint reaction forces at all joints was predicted despite of the good agreement in joint kinematics with those of the baseline model. The introduction of the universal joint had a negative effect on the model predictions. The cause of this discrepancy is likely to be found in the definition of the subtalar joint and thus, in the particular subject’s anthropometry, used to create the model and define the joint pose. We concluded that the implementation of complex joint models do not have marked effects on the joint reaction forces during gait. Computed results were similar in magnitude and in pattern to those reported in literature. Nonetheless, the introduction of planar joint model at the knee had positive effect upon the predictions, while the use of spherical joint at the knee and/or at the ankle is absolutely unadvisable, because it predicted unrealistic joint reaction forces.
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Standifird, Tyler W. "Lower Extremity Joint Moments During the Active Peak Vertical Ground Reaction Force in Three Different Running Conditions." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2982.

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The purpose of this study was to compare joint moments during the active peak vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF) when running in three conditions. Twenty-five subjects, sixteen male and nine female, were measured using 3-dimensional motion analysis while running barefoot, in Vibram FiveFingers® (VF®) minimalist running shoes and in traditional running shoes at a 7-minute-mile pace (3.84 m/s). Joint moment differences were calculated and compared using a mixed model analysis of variance. Results showed the VF® was effective at mimicking both the kinetic and kinematic attributes of barefoot running. The only significant difference found when comparing barefoot and VF® running was in the ankle angle (p < .005). All other variables in the lower extremity were the same for the two conditions. Though the subjects in our study had no previous experience with VF® (or barefoot) running they were able to closely mimic barefoot running upon initial running trials. Joint moments at the ankle were higher for barefoot and VF® running (p < .001) when compared with shod running. This may potentially lead to a greater risk of injury at the ankle joint when running barefoot or in VF®. The hip joint moments were only different when comparing the barefoot condition to the shod condition (p=.002), with the barefoot condition higher than shod running. The knee joint moment was smaller during the VF® and barefoot conditions when compared with shod running (p < .001) and may lead to a decrease in injury rates at the knee. Though a reduction in moments of the lower extremity may lead to a decrease of injury at the corresponding joint, it is important to consider the adaptations that take place as a result of varying stresses. According to Wolff's law, bone and surrounding tissue will adapt to the loads it is placed under. Taking this into consideration, it is important to remember that lower moments may lead to weaker bones and surrounding tissues and without compensation for these reduced loads, injury rates may remain the same over time.
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Lima, Gustavo Freitas de. "Desenvolvimento de um sistema para monitoramento de variáveis da marcha e controle de EENM na marcha." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18151/tde-15102008-140110/.

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A lesão medular pode prejudicar a marcha de um indivíduo. Para estes casos, uma técnica de reabilitação que tem se tornado mais popular é a Estimulação Elétrica Neuro Muscular (EENM). Na marcha assistida por EENM tradicional, o controle da estimulação é realizado utilizando-se acionamento manual, um fato que ajuda a torná-la distante da marcha saudável. Este trabalho propõe um sistema que monitora variáveis da marcha - ângulos da articulação do joelho, e forças de reação do solo (retropé e antepé) - e as utiliza como entradas para uma rede neural artificial (RNA), a fim de poder controlar automaticamente a EENM na marcha. Os transdutores utilizados para medir ângulos foram eletrogoniômetros, montados nos membros inferiores do indivíduo utilizando tiras de velcro. Para medição das forças, os transdutores utilizados foram células de carga construídas com strain gages, montadas em sandálias instrumentadas. Os métodos para construção do hardware de aquisição de dados (transdutores e interface) e do software estão descritos, bem como os métodos de calibração dos transdutores. Todos os transdutores apresentaram comportamento linear. Testes iniciais foram realizados, utilizando primeiramente um indivíduo saudável, e depois dois pacientes que normalmente realizam treinamento de marcha com suspensão de peso (assistida por EENM ou não). Os resultados mostraram que o módulo de monitoramento permite gravar os dados coletados, e realizar comparações entre padrões de marcha de diferentes indivíduos, bem como diferentes estágios de reabilitação para um mesmo indivíduo. O treinamento da RNA para o indivíduo saudável apresentou uma taxa de acerto próxima de 90%, e para os pacientes lesados medulares a taxa foi de cerca de 80%. O módulo de controle apresentou resultados promissores nos testes práticos realizados, com respostas rápidas e corretas para o indivíduo saudável. Sugestões para trabalhos futuros foram dadas, para que testes práticos de controle possam ser realizados utilizando pacientes lesados medulares.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) may impair an individual\'s gait. For these cases, a rehabilitation technique that has become more popular is functional electrical stimulation (FES). On traditional FES-assisted gait, the stimulation control is performed with manual triggering, a fact that helps make it distant from healthy gait. This work proposes a system that monitors gait variables - knee joint angles, and ground reaction forces (rearfoot and forefoot) - and uses them as inputs for an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), in order to be able to automatically control gait FES. The transducers used for angle measurement were electrogoniometers, mounted on the individuals lower limbs using Velcro straps. For force measurement, the transducers used were load cells built with strain gages, mounted on instrumented sandals. The methods for building the data acquisition hardware (transducers and interface) and software are described, along with the transducer calibration methods. All transducers presented linear behavior. Initial tests were performed, using first a healthy individual, and then a couple of patients that normally undergo suspended gait raining (FES-assisted or not). The results showed that the monitoring module allows recording the data collected, and making comparison between different individuals\' gait patterns, as well as different rehabilitation stages for the same individual. The ANN training for the healthy individual presented an accuracy rate close to 90%, and for the SCI patients the rate was about 80%. The control module showed promising results on practical tests performed, with quick and accurate responses for the healthy individual. Suggestions for future works were given, so that practical control tests can be performed using SCI patients.
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Faraci, Vincent J. "Ground reaction force analyis [sic] of athletes with and without patellar tendinitis." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1048384.

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The purpose of this study was to examine differences in drop landing ground reaction forces between athletes with and without patellar tendinitis. Subjects included 30 recreational athletes, 15 with patellar tendinitis and 15 without. Subjects with patellar tendinitis were tested twice, before (PTI) and after (PTF) rehabilitation. The non-patellar tendinitis (NPT) group was tested once. Subjects performed three trials of a drop landing from a height of 40 cm onto the force plate. Video data was collected to determine the deepest angle of knee flexion during landing. Statistical analysis using ANOVA revealed significant differences in maximum vertical force for the initial peak, post hoc analysis revealed differences between PTI and NPT groups aswell as between PTF and NPT groups. Results indicate athletes with patellar tendinitis exhibit higher initial peak 1 VGRF than athletes without patellar tendinitis. Results indicate that athletes who consistently land with elevated peak 1 ground reaction force are more likely to develop patellar tendinitis.
School of Physical Education
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Books on the topic "Joint-Reaction Forces"

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What do you know about- Joint Rapid Reaction Forces. [London]: Ministry of Defence, 2000.

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Michael, Clark, ed. The ERRF and the NRF: The European rapid reaction force and the NATO reaction force : compatibilities and choises : a joint project between Military centre for strategic studies, Rome and Centre for defence studies, London. Soveria Mannelli (Catanzaro): Rubbettino, 2004.

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Lambert, Simon M. Instability. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.004007.

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♦ The fundamental principle or essence of the shoulder is concavity compression. Stability of the shoulder is the condition in which a balanced centralizing joint reaction force (CJRF) exists to maintain concavity compression of the glenohumeral joint whatever the position of the limb and hand.♦ Instability is a symptom. It can be defined as the condition of symptomatic abnormal motion of the joint. It refers to a perturbation of concavity compression. It is not a diagnosis.♦ Instability is the result of perturbations of structural factors and non-structural factors.♦ The clinical syndrome of instability is a disturbance of one or more of these factors in isolation or together. The relative importance of each factor to the syndrome can change over time. The relationship between these factors is described by the Stanmore triangle.♦ Both structural and non-structural factors can be perturbed by arrested or incomplete development (dysplasia) or by injury (disruption).♦ The aim of treatment is the restoration of (asymptomatic) stable motion by restoration of the CJRF and so restoration of the condition of concavity compression.♦ Management follows simple principles: surgery should be undertaken within the context of a well-considered rehabilitation program largely centred around optimizing rotator cuff function.♦ Failures of management are often due to failure of or incomplete diagnosis, failure of healing, inadequate attention to patient- and pathology- specific rehabilitation programs, or insufficient attention to lifestyle considerations.♦ Disrupted anatomy is restored, preferably by anatomic operations with predictably good outcomes. Dysplastic anatomy is augmented, often by non-anatomic operations with less predictable outcomes. Revision stabilizations are generally nonanatomic, and have higher failure rates.
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Book chapters on the topic "Joint-Reaction Forces"

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Seo, Min Jwa, and Hyeon Ki Choi. "Joint Reaction Forces during the Recovery of Postural Balance of Human Body." In Key Engineering Materials, 2308–13. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-978-4.2308.

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Aurbach, Maximilian, Kilian Wagner, Franz Süß, and Sebastian Dendorfer. "Implementation and Validation of Human Kinematics Measured Using IMUs for Musculoskeletal Simulations by the Evaluation of Joint Reaction Forces." In IFMBE Proceedings, 205–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4166-2_31.

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"ACE Allied Command Europe ARRC Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CJTF Combined Joint Task Force CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (now Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe -OSCE) ECOMOG ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) peacekeeping force in Liberia EU European Union NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation PFP Partnership for Peace ROE rules of engagement SACEUR Supreme Allied Commnader Europe SACLANT Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic SHAPE Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe UN United Nations UNHQ United Nations headquarters WEU Western European Union." In Multinational Military Forces, 3–4. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315000381-1.

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de Souza, Euzébio D., and Eduardo José Lima II. "Autonomic Computing in a Biomimetic Algorithm for Robots Dedicated to Rehabilitation of Ankle." In Robotic Systems, 955–68. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1754-3.ch047.

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Human mobility is the key element of everyday life, its reduction or loss deeply affects daily activities. In assisted rehabilitation, robotic devices have focuses on the biomechanics of motor control. However, biomechanics does not study the neurological and physiological processes related to normal gait. Biomimetics combined with biomechanics, can generate a more efficient stimulation of the motor cortex and the locomotor system. The highest efficiency obtained through torque generation models, based on the physiological response of muscles and bones to reaction forces, together with control techniques based on autonomic computation. An autonomic control algorithm has a self-adjusting behaviour, ensuring patient safety and robot operation without the continuous monitoring of the physiotherapist. Thus, this work will identify the elements that characterize the physiological stimuli related to normal human gait, focusing on the ankle joint, aiming the development of biomimetic algorithms for robots for rehabilitation of the lower limbs.
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Marble, Andrew. "How Many Shalikashvilis Can There Be in the World?!" In Boy on the Bridge, 22–24. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813178028.003.0003.

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Set on nomination eve in Fallbrook, California, the chapter captures the reaction of John Shalikashvili’s high school classmate and former girlfriend Donna Bechtold (“Blondie”) to the media reports of his nomination as chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff. It hints at her vibrant personality and outlines some of the qualities she admired in Shalikashvili. It ends with the teaser about luck as a determinant of success: that because she’d betrayed him over 40 years earlier, she’d actually helped keep him on the path to the chairmanship.
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"Figure 10.1 Illustration of the forces acting on the forearm while holding a ball weighing W in the hand. The biceps muscle force, B, acts upward on the ulna. The joint reaction force, R, and weight of the forearm, G, act downward. The vector sum of these forces must be zero to maintain static equilibrium. Similarly, the net moment about the joint centre must also be zero. These two conditions can be written algebraically as Equations 10.1 and 10.2." In Biomechanics in Ergonomics, 214–15. CRC Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203016268-42.

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Llewellyn Smith, Chris, and David Ward. "Fusion energy." In Energy... beyond oil. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199209965.003.0009.

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Fusion powers the Sun and stars, and is potentially an environmentally responsible and intrinsically safe source of essentially limitless energy on earth. Experiments at the Joint European Torus (JET) in the UK, which has produced 16MW of fusion power, and at other facilities, have shown that fusion can be mastered on earth. Fusion power is still being developed, and will not be available as soon as we would like. We are confident that it will be possible to build viable fusion power stations, and it looks as if the cost of fusion power will be reasonable. But time is needed to further develop the technology in order to ensure that it would be reliable and economical, and to test in power station conditions the materials that would be used in its construction. Assuming no major surprises, an orderly fusion development programme— properly organized and funded—could lead to a prototype fusion power station putting electricity into the grid within 30 years, with commercial fusion power following some ten or more years later. A fusion power station is effectively a tiny ‘artificial sun’. Reactions between light atomic nuclei in which a heavier nucleus is formed with the release of energy are called fusion reactions. The reaction of primary interest as a source of power on Earth involves two isotopes of hydrogen (Deuterium and Tritium) fusing to form helium and a neutron: . . . D + T → 4He + n + energy (17.6 million electric volts [Me V]) (7.1) . . . Energy is liberated because Helium-4 is very tightly bound: it takes the form of kinetic energy, shared 14.1 MeV/3.5MeV between the neutron and the Helium-4 nucleus (a chemical reaction typically releases ∼1 eV [electron volt], which is the energy imparted to an electron when accelerated through 1 volt). To initiate the fusion reaction (1), a gas of deuterium and tritium must be heated to over 100 million◦C (henceforth: M◦C)—ten times hotter than the core of the Sun. At a few thousand degrees, inter-atomic collisions knock the electrons out of the atoms to form a mixture of separated nuclei and electrons known as a plasma.
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Conference papers on the topic "Joint-Reaction Forces"

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Harris, Michael D., Ryan S. Davis, Bruce A. MacWilliams, Christopher L. Peters, and Andrew E. Anderson. "Musculoskeletal Modeling of Acetabular Dysplasia-Kinematics, Muscle and Joint Reaction Forces." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19658.

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Anatomical pathologies of the hip, such as developmental dysplasia are a common cause of hip pain in the young adult. While it is generally accepted that cartilaginous lesions and tears to the acetabular labrum initiate pain, muscle compensation/weakness may also contribute, especially for patients who do not have evidence of soft-tissue damage. Musculoskeletal models provide estimates of muscle forces as well as the equivalent force that acts upon the joint. Force data can then be compared to any observed differences in joint kinematics, thereby improving the interpretability of data from traditional gait studies. While a few studies have reported alterations in hip joint kinematics due to acetabular dysplasia, to our knowledge, muscle force differences have not been estimated [1, 2]. The purpose of this study was to couple traditional gait analysis with musculoskeletal modeling to compare hip joint kinematics, muscle forces, and joint reaction forces between subjects with acetabular dysplasia and normal controls.
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Gardner, Thomas R., Katerina Fishman, Alaina Johns, and Evan K. Johnson. "Joint Reaction Forces at the Hip Joint during Dynamic Manipulation of the Femur." In Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering Symposium. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-1885.

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Samy, Vincent, Ko Ayusawa, and Eiichi Yoshida. "Real-time musculoskeletal visualization of muscle tension and joint reaction forces." In 2019 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sii.2019.8700414.

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Kim, Min-Seok, Wan-Suk Yoo, Su-Jin Park, and Doo-Hyun Kim. "Constraint Formulation of Constant Velocity Joints to Estimate Joint Reaction Torque." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84175.

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In multibody dynamic simulations, a powertrain system is usually modeled as one rigid body just transmitting forces and torques for simple modeling and application. With one body modeling for the powertrain system, it could not be determined the reaction forces and torques between components. Thus, in this paper, the constraint equation for the differential was modeled with an angular constraint between two rotation angles, and the constant velocity joint was newly formulated with kinematic constraint equations. Then, a powertrain model was developed including an engine, a torque converter, a differential, and constant velocity joints. A quasistatic torque map was considered for the engine modeling, and torque ratio and capacity factor are considered for the torque converter modeling. With the developed powertrain model, a dynamic simulation was carried to see dynamic response and reaction force occurred at the CV joint.
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Tsai, Fuh-Feng, and Masoud Mirtaheri. "Recovery of Joint Reaction Force for Real-Time Recursive Multibody Dynamics." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/vib-4218.

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Abstract This paper proposes a formulation and parallel algorithm for the computation of all joint reaction forces in the recursive multibody dynamics. First, the Lagrange Multipliers associated with cut joints in each decoupled loop of a mechanical system are recovered. Then the joint reaction forces for the cut joints are computed directly using the obtained Lagrange Multipliers. After that, joint reaction forces associated with uncut joints are computed in backward computational paths, using synchronization in all junction nodes. A parallel algorithm for recovering reaction forces and torques for all cut joints and uncut joints is proposed. For validation, a space slider 3-D model is illustrated to compare the simulation results with those obtained from a commercial code DADS. Finally, A passenger car 14-body model is generated and simulated to obtain the joint reaction forces for the purpose of vehicle component design purpose.
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Schmitz, Anne, and Jaclyn Norberg. "Effect of Motion Type on Joint Contact Forces." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10980.

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Abstract Race walking has grown over the past decade because it provides exercise without the high impact loads of running. In fact, race walking has been shown to result in decreased ground reaction forces. We predict these lower ground reaction forces will extend to knee joint loading as well, thus explaining the decrease rate of knee osteoarthritis in race walkers compared to runners. This is a secondary analysis of instrumented motion capture data collected from fifteen competitive race walkers as they ran and race walked over a force plate. A Visual3D to OpenSim pipeline was used to create muscle actuated forward dynamics simulations of race walking and running. The resulting muscle forces were subsequently used to actuate a discrete element knee model to calculate joint forces. The peak tibiofemoral joint contact load during race walking was 18% lower than the load during running. This load was distributed between the medial and lateral compartments such that the medial load was 27% lower and the lateral load 35% lower in race walking. This suggests race walking is a lower impact exercise safer for the joints. This may be advantageous for people who would like to exercise at a higher intensity that walking provides but have joint problems, e.g. those with osteoarthritis.
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Merritt, Jonathan S., Helen M. S. Davies, Colin Burvill, and Marcus G. Pandy. "Calculation of Joint Reaction Forces in the Equine Distal Forelimb during Walking and Trotting." In 2007 Frontiers in the Convergence of Bioscience and Information Technologies. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fbit.2007.152.

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Hsiao, Tesheng, Kinglam Yip, and Yun-Jen Chiu. "Estimation of Ground Reaction Forces Based on Knee Joint Acceleration of Lower-Limb Exoskeletons." In 2020 International Automatic Control Conference (CACS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cacs50047.2020.9289732.

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Asadi Nikooyan, A., H. E. J. Veeger, P. Westerhoff, F. Graichen, G. Bergmann, and F. C. T. van der Helm. "How Well Does a Musculoskeletal Model Predict GH-Joint Contact Forces? Comparison With In-Vivo Data." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87332.

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The Delft Shoulder and Elbow Model (DSEM), a large-scale musculoskeletal model, allows for estimation of individual muscle and joint reaction forces in the shoulder and elbow complex. Although the model has been qualitatively verified previously using EMG signals, quantitative validation has not yet been feasible. In this paper we report on the validation of the DSEM by comparing the GH-joint contact forces estimated by the DSEM with the in-vivo forces measured by a recently developed instrumented shoulder endoprosthesis, capable of measuring the glenohumeral (GH) joint contact forces in-vivo [1]. To validate the model, two patients with instrumented shoulder hemi-arthroplasty were measured. The measurement process included the collection of motion data as well as in-vivo joint reaction forces. Segment and joint angles were used as the model inputs to estimate the GH-joint contact forces. The estimated and recorded GH-joint contact forces for Range of Motion (RoM) and force tasks were compared based on the magnitude of the resultant forces. The results show that the estimated force follows the measured force for abduction and anteflexion motions up to 80 and 50 degrees arm elevations, respectively, while they show different behaviors for angles above 90 degrees (decrease is estimated but increase is measured). The DSEM underestimates the peak force for RoM (up to 38% for abduction motion and 64% for anteflexion motion), while overestimates the peak forces (up to 90%) for most directions of performing the force tasks.
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Laassel, Loslever, and Angue. "Computerized Method of analysis of ground reaction Forces And joint angles in the normal Gait." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.589307.

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Reports on the topic "Joint-Reaction Forces"

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Connaughton, Richard M. Organizing British Joint Rapid Reaction Forces (Joint Force Quarterly, Autumn 2000). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada426696.

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Craig, Calvin H. Joint Rapid Reaction Forces: CINCPAC Employment Options for the 21st Century. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada325781.

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